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	Author	Gulinck, H.; Dumont, B.,
	Title	Simulating Visitors’ Dispersion in a Nature Reserve based on a Friction Model			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	187-190
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	A friction model is used for predicting the risk of human penetration of fragile vegetation and bird breeding sites in a nature reserve in central Belgium. The basic components of the study are the terrain classification and the determination of friction values. Different sets of friction values are proposed: based on expert estimation, on walking speed, on energy consumption estimation and on willingness to trespass. The results are compared with spatial data derived from visitor’s observations and interviews. The model is to be improved in a later stage by incorporating the effects of visitor's goals, and of attractors and detractors such as vistas, free roaming cattle or physical challenges. The outcome of this study will be used as basis for the evaluation, and eventually of the redesign, of the current management decisions provided in and around the reserve. Also it should help in following-up the effects of the rapidly changing vegetation and terrain conditions on the behaviour of visitors.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 468			Serial	2297
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	Author	Gulic, J., Struc, S., Debeljak Sabec, N.
	Title	Monitoring of disturbances in the natural environment on Pohorje Mountain (Slovenia)			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	89-91
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This paper deals with the monitoring of disturbances (motorized vehicles, snowmobiles, bikes) in the natural environment on Pohorje Mountain range (Slovenia) and presenting implemented activities dealing with visitor management in the area. Activities were carried out through the project SUPORT – Sustainable Management of Pohorje area (EEA Financial Mechanism and Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009-2014 in Slovenia, EEAG 4300-346/2014, Y2015-2016) and transferring management planning process into ongoing project LIFE TO GRASLANDS – Conservationand management ofdrygrasslands in EasternSlovenia (LIFE 14 NAT/SI/000005).The project focusedtowards efficient management and monitoring of Natura 2000 sites. One of the work packages of the project included zoning of space on the appropriateness of human activity in the natural environment.With Ferro-magnetic sensors, we have monitored disturbances in the natural environment. The sensors tracked the frequency of disturbances in the natural environment and on forest roads, where traffic is only permitted for forest management
	Call Number				Serial	3887
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	Author	Gudmundsson, R.
	Title	Analyses of overseas tourists in Vatnajokull National Park, Iceland 2010-2015			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	303-304
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The number of overseas tourists visiting Iceland has grown from 500.000 in the year 2010 to nearly 1.300.000 in the year 2015, which means a 160% growth in five years. In 2010 52% of the tourists came to Iceland in the three summer months (June, July, August) but 48% the other nine months of the year (off season). In 2015 only 41% came in the summer months but 59% outside the summer season.
	Call Number				Serial	3954
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	Author	Gstaettner, A.M.; Weiler, B.; Rodger, K.; Lee, D.
	Title	Exploring responsability sharing between visitors and managers: Results of a Delphi study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-439
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The management of visitor safety is multifaceted and complex, and ambiguity often exists in terms of whether and how much individual visitors share responsibility for their safety with park management authorities (Rickard 2012). In an effort to explore the perspectives of protected area managers, a qualitative study has been conducted to explore the concept of responsibility-sharing in recreational and protected areas in Australia. The study sought to answer questions such as: who shares responsibility for visitor safety in protected areas; why are responsibilities shared; and how may responsibility-sharing vary across different visitation contexts at different sites?
	Call Number				Serial	4187
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	Author	Gstaettner, A.M.; Philipps, M.; Kobryn, H.; Rodger, K.; Lee, D.
	Title	Making use of visitor incident data in Karijini National Park: A western Australian case study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	339-341
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper illustrates, using Karijini National Park in Western Australia as an example, how the information obtained from incident recording and analysis systems has been used to inform and justify management decisions
	Call Number				Serial	4156
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	Author	Gruas, L.; Perrin-Malterre, C.
	Title	In-depth knowledge of visitors: a key element to awarness raising in the context of environmental controversy in protected areas			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	90-91
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This talk offers to present the early results of a research lead in three French alpine mountain ranges of various protection statuses with summer and winter recreationists. The aim is to gain in-depth knowledge of these visitors to understand which factors determine their perception of wildlife disturbance. This expertise of visitors will allow managers to improve the actions implemented on the territories and to target them better with awareness-raising campaigns.
	Call Number				Serial	4066
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	Author	Grinfelde, I., Livina, A.
	Title	Enhancing vitality of young students by integrated experience-based outdoor education methods			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	489-492
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	In the present study the particular case of Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Tourism and Leisure studies (founded in 1996, Valmiera, Latvia) will be used to present the experience of integration of outdoor physical activities in the study program with a focus on development of skills knowledge and reduction of institutional barriers for physical activities. Despite the fact that a good physical condition is not only a personal issue, but also a professional precondition in case of tourism, the research of Grinberga (2016) reveals that 70% of students identify their lifestyle as sedentary and inactive (11% with 0 activity), 45% of respondents said that they do some outdoor activities because of the added value of natural surroundings. The most common problems related to physical inactivity that students mentioned is back pain, decrease of physical fitness, (difficulty to move, muscle weakness etc.), also weight gain, poor immunity and sickness, pain in the neck, apathy. In their comments about the reasons for inactivity students mention lack of time due to the intensive lecture schedule which could be interpreted as an organizational barrier.
	Call Number				Serial	4014
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	Author	Granet, A.M.; Cordellier, M.; Dobré, M.
	Title	Nature based sports in forests areas in France. Results from the 2015 French National Survey “Forests and Society”			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	255-257
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Outdoor physical activities and nature-based sports are an important part of forest recreation. With their increase and diversification, foresters are facing new challenges to manage and sometimes limit these sport practices in forested environments whereas local communities are often interested in their development as part of an eco-touristic economy. In this context, the ONF chose to focus on physical activities and nature-based sports in the 2015 Forest and society national survey. This part of the survey was implemented on a 2000 people sample representing the French population aged 15 and more
	Call Number				Serial	4124
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	Author	Graefe, A., Blair, J.C.E., Ferguson, M., Mowen, A.
	Title	Using Photo Elicitation to Understand Hiker Perceptions of Energy and Communication Related Development Along the Appalachian Trail			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	152-153
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	As a result of a growing population, the demand for energy and communication related development has increased. Development needs inadvertently fall within boundaries or cut-through protected areas (i.e., national park units). Understanding impacts resulting from energy and communication related infrastructure development on an individual’s recreational experience is important to resource management agencies such as the National Park Service (NPS). Specifically, with eight power-lines stretching over 2,000 miles through six states associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), understanding the impact of energy and communication related development is of increased concern. The purpose of this presentation is to provide results of a photo-elicitation study conducted with AT users in conjunction with the NPS and Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) to determine hiker perceptions towards various energy and communication related infrastructure.
	Call Number				Serial	3906
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	Author	Goossen, M.; Uphus, L.
	Title	Visitors counting combining new technologies; PIR and LoRa with Arduino			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	116-117
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The nature area ‘Het Renkums Beekdal’ in the Netherlands consists of a linear north-south valley with fringing forest on the hills to its East and West. They don’t have the financial resources to be able to use most of the currently available methods, so they therefore need new cost-effective technology that can count the visitors effectively and accurately. We therefore searched for open source methods and new techniques.
	Call Number				Serial	4076
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	Author	Goossen, M.
	Title	Smart monitoring visitors National Parks			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	240-241
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Dutch government is reintroducing policy for the 20 National Parks. The aim is to develop the National Parks into a strong brand. The reason behind it is the claim that a National Park contributes to the regional economy. There is a clear need from the managers of National Parks to understand how that contribution works. Insights from the external factors, combined with information about its current users and stakeholders and market research data will help the manager, but also local enterprises to choose relevant target markets. There is therefore a need for the development of a tool that brings the benefits of a National Park in a simple, affordable and reliable manner. The tool consists of Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Key Performance Indicators will determine how well the National park is meeting its objectives (Wearing & Schweinsberg, 2016).
	Call Number				Serial	3934
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	Author	Goldstein, S.; Surki, S.; Koriyat, E.; Nemtzov; S.
	Title	Collaboration with communities living next to protected areas, for the conservation of biodiversity, landscape and heritage in Israel			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	223-225
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The Israel Nature and Parks Authority (INPA) is Israels government agency in charge of all legally protected areas (Nature Reserves and National Parks). The INPA has been working for many years in collaboration with local communities. This connection between the INPAs Nature Reserves and National Parks, and the local communities that live next to them, is a longstanding association with mutual implications. Over the years we have experienced a rise in the publics impact upon the environment. In order to protect biodiversity, landscapes and heritage over the long term, the INPA realizes that we must have the public as a cooperative partner.
	Call Number				Serial	4113
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	Author	Gokita, R., Kadowaki, M., Terasaki, T.
	Title	Effectiveness of Consensus-Building Methods Using Sustainable Tourism Indicators in the Collaborative Management of Japan’s National Parks: A Case Study of the Oku-Nikko Area in Nikko National Park			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	53-56
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Japans national parks are organized based on a regional land designation system that is not tied to land ownership or limited to the public use of the area. These areas are home to a significant number of people (600,000 people across 32 parks). Therefore, it is necessary for park management to accommodate the local residents daily living, economic activities, and the natural areas’ protection and use. Based on these circumstances, managing national parks appropriately requires building a consensus among and striving to win the cooperation of a variety of stakeholder organizations and individuals. This is not limited to only park officials, but also residents, businesses, and visitors. In Japanese national parks, there are venues to examine individual issues and conduct liaison and coordination functions. However, these venues are extraordinarily limited with regard to which have been established as places in which the greater park system’s stakeholders can come together (Tsuchiya, 2014).
	Call Number				Serial	3876
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	Author	Gokhelashvili, R.; Gavashelishvili, A.; Javakhishvili, Z.; Azniashvili, L.,
	Title	Tourism Infrastructure Planning in Tusheti National Park of Georgia			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	74-77
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	This paper provides an example of using biodiversity information for tourism infrastructure and management planning in national parks to avoid conflicts between nature conservation, recreational goals, and other users. Within the area of the proposed Tusheti National Park in Georgia, we used field survey data of seventeen focal species within a GIS analytical environment to assess the consistency of planned management categories zoning and administrative and visitor infrastructure (including tourist trails) with biodiversity conservation requirements. A map, comprised of layers for each focal species, was overlaid onto maps of proposed zoning, infrastructure and tourist trails. Numerous conflicts in planning were detected and recommendations were made to improve zoning and infrastructure planning in the national park, and to minimize negative effects of tourism on biodiversity conservation.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 434			Serial	2280
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	Author	Godtman Kling, K.; Wall-Reinius, S.;
	Title	Negotiating co-existence in a multifonctional landscape : trails as facilitators for communication			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	108-109
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This research contributes to the existing literature on handling multiple land-use interests, and adds to previous knowledge by taking on a rather new approach; that of the recreational trail as a facilitator for communication
	Call Number				Serial	4073
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	Author	Gloaguen, M.
	Title	Preserve and manage Mercantour National Park using pedestrian data collection			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	433-435
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Mercantour National Park established a count data collection program more than ten years ago. Working with estimates was a first step towards a data-oriented management approach, but the need was bigger and lead to the development of a new count program a year ago. The goal was to be able to compare accurate, objective figures collected from automated counters with subjective user estimates on key trails in the area.
	Call Number				Serial	4186
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	Author	Ginelli, L.
	Title	Impact based management of recreational uses: a fair share of environmental effort ? A sociological Approach applied to two French national parks			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	215-217
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This presentation focuses on the impact of nature-based activities on protected areas from an environmental sociology perspective. Without denying their ecological effects (Ng, Leung and al., 2018), this approach underlines that those impacts also raise social issues, as with all environmental considerations (Candau and Deldrève, 2015). We argue that managing these activities on the basis of their impact on the natural environment is an “environmental effort” for users, that is to say a socially differentiated and potentially unfair contribution of social actors to environmental protection policies (Deldrève and Candau, 2014).
	Call Number				Serial	4110
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	Author	Gimblett, R.; Lynch, J.; Daniel, T.; Ribes, L.; Oye, G.,
	Title	Deriving Artificial Models of Visitors From Dispersed Patterns of Use in Sierra Nevada Wilderness			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	180-186
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Natural resource managers are faced with a complex problem of understanding human use patterns and associated impacts in dispersed recreation wilderness settings. This is further complicated by the subsequent synthesis and modeling of those behaviors that affect such patterns of use. While conventional approaches to modeling have limited use in acquiring and understanding such complex associations, spatial simulation models have been proposed as an alternative. The purpose of this paper is to describe a project whose focus is on a dispersed recreation context of backpacking trips and commercial packstock operations in the John Muir Wilderness in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. This paper will discuss the data collection and synthesis to derive agent profiles and rules as a precursor to the development of a dynamic, agent based model that represent the spatial distribution of visitation patterns.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 466			Serial	2296
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	Author	Gil, A.; Fonseca, C.; Nogeuira Mendes, R.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Pereira da Silva, C.
	Title	Visitation “barometer” as a tool for environmental management and awareness: the Berlengas nature reserve case study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	200-203
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study aimed to: i) determine the number of visitors in Berlenga island – a baseline for carrying capacity adjustment, and ii) develop a Visitation ‘Barometer’ – a tool presented as a quality scale associated to the recreational pressure of the protected area, with the aim to provide information for management decisions and visual support to environmental awareness.
	Call Number				Serial	4105
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	Author	Gentin, S.; Pitkanen, K.; Chondromatidou, A.; Dolling, A.; Proestholm, S.; Palsdottir, A.M.
	Title	Nature based integration in Europe – a review			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	152-153
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	There is a need for investigating the links between immigration and nature; and there are two perspectives, which this review aims to contributing. The first perspective relates to what role nature can play or already plays in terms of integrating immigrants into their new countries of residence. The second perspective is rooted in a social environmental justice perspective, where focusing on the new Europeans should have the same rights and treatment (e.g. benefits of natural areas in terms of ecosystem services; or access to high quality natural environment) regardless of their ethnic background.
	Call Number				Serial	4087
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	Author	Gecek, S., Klanjscek, J., Marn, N., Legovic, T., Klanjscek, T.
	Title	Estimating benefits of nature conservation: ecosystem service valuation in Krka National Park (Croatia)			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	462-464
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	In this study, we estimate the benefits of ES in Krka National Park (Croatia) – to the local population and to the Park visitors. We develop new methodology to estimate indirect monetary benefits of nature-based tourism to local population (i.e. local economy), and non-monetary benefits of nature-based tourism to Park visitors. Additionally, using existing approaches (CICES), we estimate monetary benefits of provisional and regulating ecosystem services (ES), and direct monetary benefits of nature-based tourism (cultural ES).
	Call Number				Serial	4006
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	Author	Gätje, C.; Möller, A.; Feige, M.,
	Title	Visitor Management by Visitor Monitoring? Methodological Approach and Empirical Results from the Wadden Sea National Park in Schleswig-Holstein			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	68-73
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Even today monitoring in most large nature reserves is mainly concerned with ecological environmental observations. Socio-economical parameters and special parameters concerned with tourism are rarely part of such programmes. This is not the case in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park (SH-WSNP). During an extensive ecosystem research project the necessary basis for a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Wadden Sea was made. The local population and economy of the Wadden Sea region, especially tourism, played an important role in the project right from the start. The knowledge gained by the project was used as a basis for the revision of the national park law and in the concept for an interstate monitoring programme for the Wadden Sea. The three modules of the socio-economic monitoring (SEM): SEM-Regional, SEM-Trend and SEM-Poll document the, for Germany, unique and thus innovative character of this monitoring programme which is orientated towards comprehensive data collection and assessment. Extensive experience with different methods and results of the quantitative and qualitative monitoring of visitors were gathered during a three year test phase. The possible use of the results for an optimisation of the management of visitor flow in and adjacent to the National park and for more targeted information and public relations work are discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 432			Serial	2279
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	Author	Garms, M.; Mayer, M.
	Title	Wilderness in German national parks: the gap between rhetoric and reality			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	372-374
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	We address the following research questions: Are German National Park able to fulfill wilderness standards of the National Biodiversity Strategy given their regional development goals? Which potential wilderness areas are left when visitor as well as management disturbances (e.g. hunting) are considered? What new challenges arise with high visitor numbers and related pressure on potential wilderness areas?
	Call Number				Serial	4165
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	Author	Fredman, P.; Vidar, J.; Tyrvainen, L.; Siegrest, D.; Lindberg, K.
	Title	Prominent trends in nature-based tourism – An international comparison			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	181-183
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Nature-based tourism (NBT) is an increasingly important sector of the economy for many countries rich in outdoor recreation opportunities, especially so in rural regions where expectations for economic growth are high (Hall & Boyd, 2005; Fredman & Tyrväinen, 2010). NBT is also subject to significant changes due to social, technological, economic, environmental and political factors, referred to as mega-trends (Dwyer et al., 2008), where a trend implies a general direction in which something is developing, changing or people are behaving. This paper aims to identify the most prominent trends in NBT within and across five countries / regions with respect to their commercial potential.
	Call Number				Serial	4098
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	Author	Fredman, P., Wikstrom, D.,
	Title	Monitoring National Park Visitors – Short and Long Term Changes			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	20-22
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Tourism and recreation in protected areas receive an increased recognition among both managers and researchers worldwide. A recent study of protected area visitation globally shows that eight billion visits per year generate approximately US $600 billion per year in direct expenditure (Balmford et al., 2015). In order to ensure high quality experiences and long-term sustainable tourism operations, protected area managers have to pay attention to the different types of visitors, their attitudes and behaviors (Eagles, 2014). This can be achieved through different visitor monitoring schemes designed and applied in accordance with site characteristics and visitation patterns (Kajala, 2007). The current study compare results from visitor studies at Fulufjallet National Park (FNP) in 2001 (the year before the part was established), 2003 (the year after the park was established), and 2014 (12 years after the park was established). In doing so, short and long term national park designation effects can be analyzed. The establishment of FNP marks an important trend in Swedish environmental policy as it is the first national park where planning and implementation explicitly builds on visitor data in order to promote recreation and tourism opportunities.
	Call Number				Serial	3863
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	Author	Fredman, P., Sandell, K.
	Title	Predicting Outdoor Recreation – Experts vs. the Public			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	170-172
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Future participation in outdoor recreation is of interest to authorities as well as tourism and outdoor recreation organizations, but at the same time difficult to give an accurate answer for. It is not possible to study the future as such, since there is no empirical data to be analyzed which measures the time ahead of us. But the future is nevertheless a very important field of research because predicting the future is inherent important to make the right management decisions, improve adaptation, inform policy makers and ultimately support a more sustainable development. Alm et al. (2012:7) argue that “...we can use our knowledge about history and about the current situation for a discussion that also involves our values. The basic idea is that we can better shape our future in the way we want if we do this on an educated basis”. Elements in building this educated basis with regard to social science is for example information about changes over time for activities and attitudes, as well as presumptions concerning the future expressed by different groups. Hence, among the techniques that can be used to get a better basis for speculations about the future are predictions by experts and surveys among potential participants.
	Call Number				Serial	3912
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	Author	Franco Roque, B.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Pereira da Silva, C.,
	Title	Monitoring Walkers and Hikers of Madeira Island through web-share services			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	75-77
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The aim of this study is to explore whether web shared data can be used with the purpose of identifying users’ country of residence and compare it with the official touristic data regarding incoming markets of Madeira
	Call Number				Serial	4061
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	Author	Forer, P.,
	Title	Serial Experiences : Monitoring, Modelling and Visualising the Free Independent Traveller in New Zealand at Multiple Scales with GIS			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	173-179
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	This paper outlines a number of approaches and methodologies, based on utilising itinerary analysis and Geographic Information Systems, which have sought to explore tourism flows and their impacts at a range of temporal and spatial resolutions. As such its basic records are the sequential movement patterns of individual tourists, either from night to night or from stop to stop. It draws from a data base of some 50,000 journeys nationally, and three major regional surveys in Northland, the West Coast and Rotorua conducted between 1997 and 2001. The paper initially deals with analysis and integration issues relating to existing national data sets on international and domestic visitors and their overnight stays. It then describes and critiques the development of map-based sample surveys applied to detailed information on intra-regional flows, with reference to work in both Tai Tokerau (Northland) and the South Island's West Coast. These surveys record the 'informal' stopping behaviour of visitors in greater detail, and allow initial analysis of movement and positioning of tourists at various times of the day. Insights gained from these data are explored, and their relationship to other data sets such as attraction visitation and accommodation usage surveys are reviewed. Finally, the significance of the data for tourism (in areas such as development strategies and impact assessment) and for wider geo-demographic applications are discussed, as are new data collection opportunities for recording itineraries and flows.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 464			Serial	2295
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	Author	Forbord, M.; Lindberg, K.; Siverstvik, R.M.
	Title	Nature based firms and community resilience			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	187-189
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	In rural communities, nature-based tourism (NBT) potentially contributes to resilience. The purpose of this paper is to discuss three aspects of resilience (ecological, economic, and social) with reference to NBT and illustrate this through findings from a study of NBT firms in Norway. The study is part of a cross-disciplinary research project on NBT (BIOTOUR) taking place 2016 to 2020.
	Call Number				Serial	4100
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	Author	Folmer, A.
	Title	Wildlife and flora and the valuation of green places: a comparison between local and national green places in the Netherlands			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	104-107
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	In my study, wildlife and flora were defined as all species that can be encountered in the Netherlands. From another version of the Hotspotmonitor (version 1.9, in Folmer, Haartsen, Daams and Huigen, in press), it was found that locally, relatively common animal species are found attractive (e.g. Highland cattle, deer, waders, hedgehogs, ducks, frogs, dragonflies, rabbits, fish), whereas nationally, charismatic, and large wildlife are mentioned most often (e.g. wild boars, foxes, seals, and badgers). With regard to flora in local and national green places, the differences are less profound, locally, trees are mentioned most frequently, whereas nationally, heather is on first position. For both green places at local and national level, plants, flora, flowers, and more specifically orchids, are also mentioned as reason for attractiveness (Folmer et al.,in press).
	Call Number				Serial	3892
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	Author	Floyd, M.F.; Hipp, J.A.; Marquet, O.; Alberico, C.; Mazak, E.; Huang, J.
	Title	An Assessment of interrater reliability from the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) in urban parks in New York City			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	62-66
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	There is a lack of understanding of how SOPARC reliability might be affected by the factors such as time of day, presence of organized activities or type of target areas, could affect reliability and agreement between observers. This variance might be exacerbated when trying to record combined user attributes such as age and gender or age and physical activity, measurements that have traditionally drawn lower reliability scores. To address this gap, we examine the extent interrater reliability varies across various types of target areas and contextual conditions using 3390 paired SOPARC observations in New York City parks
	Call Number				Serial	4057
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	Author	Firth, R.; Green, P.
	Title	Reconciling Traditional and Recreational Activities in the 100 Wild Islands			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	309-311
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	In 2017, a multi stakeholder initiative was launched called the Wild Islands Tourism Advancement Partnership (WITAP). WITAP is a community-based project with the goal to capitalize on the eastern shore archipelago as a tourism destination. As part of the WITAP project, the Nature Trust and the provincial Department of Environment, are developing a management strategy that will provide complementary management direction on both Nature Trust and Crown land. The Nature Trust has focused community engagement for several years on gathering information on ecological and social variables, and to discuss and receive feedback on plans to acquire privately owned properties for conservation. More recently, communities have engaged with the Nature Trust to discuss possible management approaches to the 100 Wild Islands.
	Call Number				Serial	4146
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	Author	Findlay, C.; Southwell, K.; Ward Thompson, C.; Salheen, M.; Aspinall, P.,
	Title	The Effectiveness of Wayfinding Systems with Forest Users			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	328-334
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Forest wayfinding systems include the sources of information, content and presentation, that potential visitors use to find forest sites and maximise their experience of forest recreation. This paper presents original research from an on-going user-led study of signage at forest recreational sites across the UK, and is part-funded by the Forestry Commission. Research methods used in the study included structured interviews with forest users, a signage audit, observation-based behavioural studies and exploratory work with space syntax. The starting point for the study was an apparent low rating of satisfaction with road signs by visitors to Forestry Commission sites in annual visitor surveys. Signs are “…the most visible manifestation of corporate face” and function to “…provide reliable and accessible information to encourage and welcome visitors” (Forest Enterprise Signs Manual, 1997). Good signs also form part of a positive perception of woodlands (Burgess, 1995) and may be considered within the context of removing barriers to the use of the countryside by disabled people and socially excluded groups. The research found evidence that there were some problems with forest wayfinding, but that these problems are related more to the context, content and location of signs, rather than the materials and details of sign design. More consideration needs to be given to identifying the minimum but key information needs of users at key locations within the forest site. Signs are costly to design, construct, install and maintain, and a crucial concern must be to provide the minimum information for maximum benefit, based on what the user needs to know at each stage of the journey and forest experience. The study also highlighted the role of signage in site promotion, visitor expectations, conflicts between different user groups and accessibility of information. A model for signage to satisfy visitor information needs was developed. The results presented here cover phase 1 of the project and it is anticipated that the methodology developed during the research will have practical applications in evaluating and developing new signage systems, and the training of forest and other recreational site managers.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 512			Serial	2319
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	Author	Fausitni Aquino, J.; Leah Burns, G.; Granquist, S.M.
	Title	Seal watching in Iceland: Ethical Management Development			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	165-167
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The purpose of this conceptual paper is to address the need to manage human-wildlife interactions in tourism settings to ensure positive outcomes for all stakeholders: wildlife, local communities, and visitors. Seal watching in Iceland is used as a case study to develop a model for investigating theoretical and practical understandings of wildlife watching management, environmental ethics, and community development.
	Call Number				Serial	4092
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S.; Baric, D.
	Title	Monitoring recreational use in protected natural areas. Alt Pirineu Natural Park 2011-2017. Spain			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	53-55
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	During 2011, a technical study was carried out in the Alt Pirineu Natural Park to assess the number, distribution and characterization of visitors (Farías, 2011). Six years later, in 2017, a detailed study was carried out with the following aims: to review the data collected in 2011; 2) to assess the changes related with the use made by the visitors of this area; and 3) to advance in the knowledge of other aspects related to visits to the Park
	Call Number				Serial	4054
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S
	Title	Optimizing the use of the Eco-counters tool. A case of study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	429-432
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Reliable data on visitor numbers, and particularly how they are distributed in time and space across these areas are key aspects to balancing conservational and recreational use (sporting and tourist use) of protected areas (Cessford & Muhar, 2003). In this sense, the increasingly popular eco-counters are a good management tool. However, the evidence has shown that the correct analysis of the output data is more difficult than is commonly expected. The purpose of this presentation is to address the problems arising from the use of these eco-counters and to discuss a possible methodology to optimize the use of this tool.
	Call Number				Serial	4185
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I., Baric, D., Mas-Alos, S., Planas-Anzano, A., Montserrat-Revillo, S., Gil, G.
	Title	The influence of visitor characteristic and natural park facilities on physical activity levels. A case of study			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	493-495
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Recreational and sport activities in protected natural areas (PNA) have increased in recent years. Protected natural areas are not only promising means to satisfy current health-enhancing physical activity (PA) recommendations, but they also are an ideal environment to promote physical activity (Bedimo-Rung et al., 2005, Mowen et al., 2012). However, few investigations have examined user characteristics and park facilities in relation to park-based PA levels or intensities. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of PNA visitors (socio-demographic data, recreational behaviour, motivations and preferences) and PNA facilities (PA areas, supporting activities, etc.) in respect to metabolic equivalent (MET) expenditure: sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous activities. The work has prominent potential to help decision makers in developing the sound policy and managerial guidance to increase understanding about the complex relationships between user physical activity level and park amenities.
	Call Number				Serial	4015
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I., Baric, D., Anic, P.
	Title	A segmentation approach in determining visitor motivation to engage in physical activities levels. The case of Spanish protected areas			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	363-365
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	In last three decades, the volume of published literature, acknowledged that wilderness and protected areas play an important role in natural ecosystem conservation and provision of wide variety of goods and services necessary for sustaining the wellbeing of human community in general. Increased demand of society for participation in outdoor recreational activities during the leisure time, to date, instigate a number of scholars and community initiatives to focus their attention on promotion of protected natural settings as key “units” for the enhancement of human physical and mental health . As protected area visitors do not represent one homogenous group, it therefore, seems crucial to provide park managers understandable empirical evidences about whether and to which extent visitors differ in terms of willingness to engage in different physical activities levels. Despite that similar investigations have been conducted, the majority of them were focused on visitors to urban parks than wilderness and protected natural settings. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to segment the visitors to five protected natural areas in Cataluña (Spain), by their motivation to engage in physically challenging activities and then after to examine the influence of socio-demographic, trip, motivational and attitudinal descriptors on segmentation membership.
	Call Number				Serial	3974
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	Author	Espinoza Garcia, N.; Corbett, J.
	Title	Managing Cisitors and Environments: resident Perspectives on Amenity Values in Mexico			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	218-219
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper draws from ongoing research in the Copalita watershed. Our central question is “How do local residents understand and make operational their sense of resource value?” Behind this question is a recognition that if residents attach value to resources consistent with the values of conservation and sustainability they will act to protect those resources in ways consistent with prospective visitors, thereby enhancing the attractiveness of San Pedro El Alto for recreational and ecological tourism.
	Call Number				Serial	4111
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	Author	Erkkonen, J.; Sievänen, T.,
	Title	Standardisation of Visitor Surveys – Experiences from Finland			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	252-257
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	A visitor survey standardisation project was conducted in 1998-2000 in Finland. The visitor survey standardisation project was part of a large national outdoor recreation demand and supply inventory (LVVI). There are two reasons for the standardisation of visitor surveys. First, it is possible to collect comparable information from different kind of areas. Moreover, the information gathered can be combined on a national level. Secondly, standardised measurements assure long-term monitoring of behavioural changes in each studied area. The visitor survey standardisation project developed a standardised questionnaire for the most important information gathered with the help of visitor surveys, that is visitor profiles, activities, distribution of use by area, distribution of use by time, duration of the visit, expenditure of visitors and information on visitor satisfaction and motivation. It is recommended that the data collection be carried out by means of self-conducted questionnaires. The project produced a visitor survey manual and a Microsoft Excel application for computing descriptive results in order to encourage the personnel of recreation areas to conduct visitor surveys independently. The implementation of standardised visitor surveys is mainly carried out by Metsähallitus (Forest and Park Service) which manages the majority of the state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas in Finland. At the beginning of 2002, there were 33 national parks, 7 state-owned hiking areas and some 400 other protected areas. About two million recreational visits take place annually in state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas. The number of recreational visits seems to be on the increase. All together 22 different visitor surveys have been conducted in state-owned areas in the last few years. The results of some of the surveys have almost immediately been used in management and planning of the area in question. In general, there is increasing understanding and interest in the use of visitor information as a tool in decision making: services can be improved to meet visitor expectations better and scarce resources can be allocated more effectively. Along with visitor surveys, systematical visitor counts have recently been started using electronic trail and traffic counters, guest books or manual counters in several protected and recreational areas. At the moment, the next step will be to develop a national database of the collected information, and also to develop good practice in order to benefit from the information on a national level. This paper discusses, firstly, the structure and type of information that is needed from a visitor survey, secondly, how to conduct a visitor survey as a routine method in planning processes, and the framework within which visitor information can be utilised in planning and management. Thirdly, the Finnish experience of the benefits to be gained by using a standardised model for conducting visitor surveys is discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 488			Serial	2307
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