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	Author	Mendes, R. M. N.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.; Morera, S.; Dorado, V.,
	Title	Using web share services to monitor high sensitive habitats. A GIS approach to Pedraforca, Spain.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	298-299
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Over the last decades, recreational uses in Natural & Protected Areas (N&PA) have increased largely all over the world, requiring extra efforts among staff and management teams of these territories to deal with this reality. In many places, nature conservation has somehow even been replaced by tourism management due to social and economic factors altogether with the massification of visitors. Modern lifestyles have contributed to this situation where visitation peaks concentrate within short periods such as Holy Week, summer, or winter vacations depending on local culture and social habits. Quite often these visitation peaks largely exceed any ecological or social carrying capacity becoming a delicate subject to deal with, reducing in many cases the administration of N&PA to the management of visitors crowds and traffic.One of the situations that happen due to overuse is the proliferation of trails that can lead to ecological and soil impacts from erosion, roots/bare rock exposure to changes of species, or habitat fragmentation, among others. Even in N&PA with a well-structured trails network, the proliferation of variants of trails and paths can easily happen, becoming a serious problem for managers due to its ecological impacts but also due to risk and safety issues for visitors/users. Keeping tracking and monitoring trails proliferation is a demanding task, where technology such as high-resolution imagery or digital elevation models can provide a huge help. Nevertheless, although these data sources become more affordable and widely available they might not work for all places. In this paper, we discuss the use of smart data and technologies as a potential tool to provide new insights on how to deal with this issue by taking advantage of web-share platforms and a myriad of GPS tracks – what can be acknowledged as an advantage of modern uses of N&PA.
	Call Number				Serial	4333
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	Author	McVetty, D.,
	Title	Understanding Visitor Flows in Canada's National Parks: the Patterns of Visitor Use Study in Banff, Kootenay, and Yoho National Parks			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	46-52
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Parks Canada and its stakeholders are seeking to better understand visitors’ movements, behaviour, and motives to support ecological integrity and sustainable tourism. Traditional market research describes these dimensions one at a time, but few studies have focused on the segmentation needed to addresses all three dimensions together. This study develops a complex visit typology and compares its practical value to a more common segmentation approach: visitor origin. Results suggest that both approaches have practical value, but that the post hoc visit type approach is more useful as a management tool for describing visitor movements.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 424			Serial	2275
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	Author	Rose, M.; Victoria, P.,
	Title	Visitor monitoring during the COVID-19 Pandemic			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	80-81
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Parks Victorias Charter is to manage National, State and Metropolitan parks and waterways, recreational boating facilities, jetties and piers and other recreation, and tourist assets. This makes up approximately 18 percent of all land in Victoria, Australia, with more than 100 million visits to parks, bays and piers every year. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, visitor monitoring became increasingly important in park management and decision making to ensure health and safety protocols were enacted in park to prevent further community outbreaks. During the COVID-19 restriction periods, staff and visitor monitoring documented changes in visitor use and numbers in the park system. Understanding the wellbeing benefits of being in nature as has been documented in past research, Parks Victoria wanted to examine the physical, emotional and social wellbeing benefits of being in nature and how this had changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This presentation displays two key research areas to understand the changes to visitation and ways in which Victorians used parks and protected areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: 1.Park based visitor monitoring2.Impact of COVID-19 on park usage applied research project.
	Call Number				Serial	4234
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	Author	Yovel, E.; Hersperger, A.M.,
	Title	Reasonable Illusions: Participatory Planning and Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	412-416
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Popular images of protected areas are among the best known images in the world. They are composed in equal part of myth, hype and rare glimpses into incredible places. These images, of peaceful unchanging areas, disguise the bitter debate over the real purpose of protected areas, and our continually changing relationship with nature and wild places. The use of participatory approaches to plan and manage land, water, and conservation-based interventions is now well established. Today, few projects in natural resource management are funded unless they contain substantial components of community involvement. This is especially true in protected area development where participatory approaches form the entry point for working with local communities and user groups. Despite the increasing numbers of participatory initiatives, few initiatives remain uncontested or non-controversial. This paper offers seeks to suggest why the popular image, a reflection of social values and influences, is important to visitor management in protected areas as a unifying factor.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 542			Serial	2334
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	Author	Li, C.; Chen, H.,
	Title	Mental health: A cross-regional comparison between the East and West coast in Taiwan			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	224-225
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Previous research showed that different types of landscapes and environments resulted in different mental health perceptions. Studies suggested that natural environments such as natural resources and protected areas were associated with peoples health and wellness. Presence of nearby nature has effects on human both physically and psychologically, and improves peoples mental health. People who are frequently exposed to natural environments tend to have better perceptions of mental health.Taiwan has an area of 36,197 km2. The area is about one-tenth of that of Norway. The mountain ranges occupy central part of Taiwan. This results in distinctive differences in the urban and rural settings between the west and east coasts of Taiwan, as there are obviously more natural resources and protected areas such as national parks on the east coast. However, there is only a small number of studies focusing on the cross-regional comparison of health and well-being related variables such as mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health differences between residents on the east coast and residents on the west coast in Taiwan.
	Call Number				Serial	4301
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S.; Martinez, V.D.; Cahill, S.; Casas, J.O.S.; Navarro, M.N.; Gaston, I.R.; Moya, M.D.,
	Title	Changing visitor influx during the covid-19 pandemic. The case of Serra de Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	106-107
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Proper and effective management of public use in protected natural areas (PNA) is closely linked to having an updated diagnosis of their state. The duty to conserve, implicit in these kinds of areas, requires having sufficient information to justify decision-making. According to Leung et al. (2015), Cessford & Muhar (2003), between a long list of authors, three basic kinds of data need to be considered: 1) the influx of visitors, understood as the total number of users who visit the PNA annually; 2) the recreational, sports and tourist use of the area, which summarizes the number and distribution of user-visits, including the characterization of the different activities carried out during visits; and 3) the profile of the user-visitors. In the case of peri-urban PNAs, such as the Serra de Collserola Natural Park (SCNP), which is also a Natura 2000 Special Area for Conservation (SAC), this kind of information is even more necessary and relevant due to the intense pressure these sites tend to experience, not only in terms of visitor influx but also in terms of the diversity of uses that occur there and also considering their importance from a nature conservation perspective.
	Call Number				Serial	4247
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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera-Carbonell, S.; Dorado-Martinez, V.; Nogueira- Mendes, R.M.; Iturria, D.; Sola, M.,
	Title	How many is too much? A methodological approach to determining climbing carrying capacity. The case of Margalef Site – Serra de Montsant Natural Park – Spain			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	196-197
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Protected areas (PA) are key territories for protecting biodiversity while also providing opportunities for human-environment interactions through recreation and tourism, activities that have generally grown all over the world. Over the last three decades, due to the improvement of materials, techniques, and methods of physical preparation, one of the recreational/sports use that has increased considerably in PA has been Climbing that has reached unpredictable popularity and technical levels, increasing pressure and impacts over natural and fragile environments. The Montsant Natural Park, located in the westernmost of the Catalan Pre-littoral range, within the Priorat region, is a special rocky territory with five differentiated climbing areas among which Margalef stands out by being a well known internationally climbing spot with over 1500 routes. This PA that occupies 9.242 hectares, received nearly 166.000 visits in 2020, of which almost 55% concentrated in Margalef area (Farias, Morera & Dorado, 2019). To manage visitation and nature conservation, several carrying capacity frameworks have been developed over the last decades considering all its environmental, social, and economic factors but only a few attempts have been made to operationalize this concept and to transform it into a management tool (Manning 2002). This paper aims to present an adaptation of Cifuentess Touristic Carrying Capacity (Cifuentes,1992), widely applied in the context of trails, to the climbing routes.
	Call Number				Serial	4288
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	Author	Arnegger, J.; Eisenstein, B.; Job, H.; Woltering, M.,
	Title	Protected area labels as brands in tourism: insights from Germany			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	212-213
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Protected areas (PAs) are often major tourist attractions, notably in peripheral regions. Officially awarded designations, e.g. “national park”, have been described as being important brands that can create unique selling propositions (USP) for destinations, distinguishing them from similar, but unlabeled landscapes (Arnegger, 2014). The PA label is seen as a guarantee for quality and authentic nature experiences. Officially designated PAs represent a scarce resource since official (national or international) labels are not easily, if at all, transferable and imitable (Hannemann & Job, 2003). It is often argued that certain designations, especially national parks and world heritage sites, have a superior brand identity compared to other, less-known labels such as biosphere reserves or nature parks (Reinius & Fredman, 2007; Job et al., 2005; Nolte, 2004). However, this argument appears to be based to a large degree on specific case studies and on-site surveys rather than on systematic image assessments of PA categories. The present study addresses this research gap by evaluating the strengths of different PA categories as brands in tourism in a representative panel study for the German context. We focus on the three major large-scale PA categories as defined by the German Federal Law on Nature Conservation (BNatSchG): (a) national parks, (b) biosphere reserves and (c) nature parks (“Naturparke”), all of which can play, according to their legal mandate, important roles for tourism.
	Call Number				Serial	4296
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	Author	Pouwels, R.; Schmidt, A.; Foppen, R.; Van Kleunen, A.,
	Title	Outdoor sports, leisure and recreational activities is considered a main pressure for achieving European nature conservation targets			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	116-117
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Protected areas are one of the major strategies to conserve biodiversity. Still many habitats and species occurring in these areas are under threat due to pressures from within as well as outside these areas. One of these potential pressures is disturbance by human activities like sports, tourism and other recreational activities. As these activities are increasing in most protected areas, conflicts between outdoor recreation and nature conservation have also increased. In order to take adequate measures, managers need scientific knowledge on the nature and severity of the impact of these human activities on conservation targets (McCool 2016). However, scientific knowledge is inconclusive, and often based on studies that take into account few habitats or species. In Europe the Habitats and Birds Directives (HBD) are the main nature conservation policy instruments to safeguard Europes diversity of wild plants, animals and landscapes. The aim of the HBD is to protect the most vulnerable habitats and species in Europe. Their conservation status assessed every six years according to a standard protocol. The assessments show that for many habitats and species the conservation status is still unfavourable. This unfavourable conservation status is caused by a multitude of pressures and threats. Agricultural activities and urbanization are the most frequently reported pressures and threats for both habitats and species.
	Call Number				Serial	4251
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	Author	Sitarz, M.; Kauzal, P.; Kot, M.; Krol, M.; Matysek, M.; Rabiasz, J.; Zieba, A.; Kozica, T. Z.,
	Title	Sewage management in remote protected areas: high mountain challenge			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	58-69
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Protected areas around the world have to deal with the problem of tourist pressure. Providing access to the most valuable natural areas has a great impact on the environment. This task is especially difficult in the core zones of the protected areas which are remote and far from the urbanized zones. One of the many identified threats associated with the intense tourist traffic is sewage pollution (Lebersorger et al. 2010, Weissenbacher 2008, Andreottola 2003). In the Tatra National Park the problem of sewage pollution becomes more and more crucial over the years. The reason of that is gradually rising number of tourists (almost 4 million of tourists in 2019 and 2020) who visit not only tourist trails and other specially dedicated areas but also trespassing the fragile natural habitats. In mountain shelters, located in the core zone and mostly in remote areas generally biological wastewater treatment plants are used, which very often hardly deal with the enormous amount of sewage. What is more faecal contamination occurs also nearby the tourist trails. As a result this situation is causing pressure on the nature, including the pollution of streams and ponds. Around the world there are many different solutions regarding the sewage management. The aim of this research is to gather and analyse these solutions in order to recommend the best options for the protected areas, especially remote.
	Call Number				Serial	4224
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	Author	Selin, S.; Valenzuela, F.; Golston, J.,
	Title	A participatory assessment of the USDA Forest Service Southwestern Regions sustainable recreation strategy			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	164-165
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Public land management agencies, both in the United States and internationally, have been challenged mightily to operationalize sustainable outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism policies and practices at a field level. Needed are action-oriented and field-based evaluative research focused on “how” sustainable recreation is being operationalized in the field. The purpose of this research study was to conduct a participatory evaluation of the Southwestern Region (Region 3) Sustainable Recreation Strategy (SRS) after five years of implementation. Using both outcome-based and process measures, the study evaluated the efficacy of SRS policy/program actions and interventions in progressing towards its original goals and expected outcomes. In addition, the study also assessed what policy/program adjustments are needed in the SRS to adapt to system and agency change and to strengthen the capacity of Region 3 Recreation Programs across the 11 National Forests.
	Call Number				Serial	4274
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	Author	Lawson, S.; Manning, R.; Valliere, W.; Wang, B.; Budruk, M.,
	Title	Using Simulation Modeling to Facilitate Proactive Monitoring and Adaptive Management of Social Carrying Capacity in Arches National Park, Utah, USA			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	205-210
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Recent research and management experience has led to several frameworks for defining and managing carrying capacity of national parks and protected areas. The process outlined in contemporary carrying capacity frameworks embodies the principles of adaptive management. That is, management decisions are guided and adapted within these frameworks by monitoring indicator variables to ensure that standards of quality are maintained. The objective of this study was to develop a computer simulation model to estimate the relationships between total park use and the condition of indicator variables. In this way, simulation modeling might facilitate proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity of parks and protected areas.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 474			Serial	2300
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	Author	Cihar, M.; Stursa, J.; Trebicky, V.,
	Title	Monitoring of Tourism in the Czech National Parks			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	240-245
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Recreational and tourist exploitation of selected parts of four Czech National Parks has been investigated since the year 1997. The article presents cross-section data from 2000. During a nine-day period in the high summer season the basic quantitative census of tourists, cyclists and cars on selected crossroads of tourist paths in the core area of national parks had been carried out and qualitative characteristics, opinions and attitudes of visitors were evaluated. Relation between socio-demographic structure of visitors and their behaviour and attitudes to conservation management activities of the national park’s Authorities was analysed using a special type of a questionnaire based on interviews with a random and representative sample of visitors. There are evident differences between various National Parks (Krkonose, Sumava, Podyji, Ceske Svycarsko) and between the attitudes of foreign visitors and Czech visitors. Investigation has been focused also on local inhabitants and elected representatives of local communities. Results are used by NP Authorities within the process of estimation of ecological and psychological carrying capacity as well as the one of appropriate indicators of sustainable development of the Czech National Parks. Monitoring will continue in the next years.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 484			Serial	2305
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	Author	Van den Heuvel, L.; Blicharska, M.; Blyth, S.; Ronnback, P.,
	Title	Monitoring recreational fishing activities: anglers attitudes towards a national catch reporting program			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	270-271
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Recreational fishing activities have been facing a decline in participation rates throughout industrialized countries in recent years (Arlinghaus et al., 2015). However, many countries are now seeing a considerable increase in recreational fishing license sales as a response to the restrictions on many indoor sports and leisure activities caused by the Covid-19 pandemic (Cooke et al., 2021). Recreational fishing activities have the potential to affect fish populations worldwide, but data about actual fishing pressure is lacking in many countries. Despite the European Commissions recent call for monitoring all fishing activities (including recreational efforts), the development of monitoring programs is still moving slowly. Increased understanding of potential ecological impacts of recreational fishing, combined with the current positive participation rates, emphasize a demand for monitoring recreational fishing catches and effort.
	Call Number				Serial	4320
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	Author	Evju, M.; Hagen, D.; Jokerud, M.; Olsen, S. L.; Selvaag, S. K.; Vistad, O.I.,
	Title	Effects of mountain biking versus hiking on trails under different environmental conditions			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	374-375
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Recreational use of nature areas is increasing worldwide. All trail-based activities have a certain degradation effect on vegetation and soil, and conflicts between conservation values and recreation may occur. Controversy still exists regarding the relative impact of mountain bikers compared to hikers on trails. In Norway, mountain biking is allowed on existing, multiuse trails outside of protected areas, but within protected areas restrictions vary, whereas hiking is allowed. A governmental proposal suggests to allow for mountain biking on trails in national parks in line with hiking, but restrictions could be introduced if effects from biking are more severe than from hiking and in conflict with conservation values. For managers, knowledge about the effects of opening trails for new user groups in national parks is highly needed: will mountain biking cause other and more severe effects on trails, and thus provoke higher and other trail maintenance needs, or are effects similar to that if hikers? In this study, we investigated trail degradation from increased use of trails from hikers and ountain bikers under different climatic conditions. Two study sites were selected, one located in an oceanic climate zone and the other in a continental zone. In each site, two trails were selected, one to be predominantly used by hikers and one by mountain bikers. The trails were natural-surfaced, occurring in natural vegetation, and with a variation in topography and plant communities. We contacted local groups through different channels (personal contact, e-mails, announcements on Facebook groups) and encouraged the use of the study trails throughout the summer of 2019. Mountain bikers were informed of the designated biking trails only, and we created Strava segments that were distributed to bikers. The oceanic biking trail was used for a local Endoru race from May-August, whereas the continental trail was part of a mountain bike race in end-August. Hikers were informed of the designated hiking trails only, and we mounted information signs in each end of the trails encouraging people to take a detour.Passes were counted with TRAFx counters.
	Call Number				Serial	4365
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	Author	Rundle, S.,
	Title	Monitoring Low Volume Walker Use of a Remote Mountain Range: a Case Study of the Arthur Range, Tasmania, Australia			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	53-58
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Registration data are the major source of information about bushwalker (hiker, tramper, rambler) volumes and basic characteristics in the Arthur Range within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. This paper describes the problems encountered with the existing registration system and the simple and practical solutions adopted to address them.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 426			Serial	2276
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	Author	Miller, A.; Blahna, D.; Leung, Y.; Morse, W.; Rowland, M.,
	Title	The recreation ecosystem: A social-ecological systems application for recreation ecology highlighting wildlife			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	132-133
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Research outside the recreation ecology field investigates the benefits of natural ecosystems on recreationists, benefits of recreation on the protected ecosystems in which it occurs, and negative impacts of ecosystem components on recreation. Other, less common explorations apply ecological concepts to understand recreation opportunities, activities, and behavior. However, empirical research investigating relationships between social and ecological systems in the recreation context within the same research project (e.g. DAntonio et al. 2013) are sparse. A recent review of the recreation ecology literature revealed this scarcity, with only 3.4% of articles considered interdisciplinary (Sumanapala & Wolf 2019). Interdisciplinary research is critical in understanding how social and ecological systems work together in the outdoor recreation context. This gap could be addressed through development of a framework for interdisciplinary studies in recreation ecology.
	Call Number				Serial	4259
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	Author	Sidder, S.; D'Antonio, A.; Dinkins, J.; Monz, C.; Wesstrom, S.,
	Title	Exploring landscape-scale social and ecological drivers of backcountry sea kayaker campsite selection in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	186-187
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Researchers and land managers increasingly consider parks and protected areas (PPAs) to be integrated social-ecological systems. To apply social-ecological concepts to recreation research in PPAs, researchers must incorporate both social and ecological factors into research on the drivers of recreation behaviors. This research presents one approach for incorporating social and ecological drivers, at the landscape-scale, into a behavioral analysis by applying movement ecology concepts to understand drivers of campsite selection among backcountry sea kayakers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA).
	Call Number				Serial	4284
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	Author	Kohori, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Tamashima, Y.,
	Title	Visitors awareness and behavior regarding donations for Mount Ibuki conservation: A comparative study between climbers and car users			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	34-35
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Resource managers seek to protect both visitor experiences as well as natural and cultural resources. There are three main categories of income for the management of conservation resources: societal taxes, toll road charges, and donations. However, donations are less contributive in most cases (Eagles, 2009). In Japan, there are a few compulsory collection systems, and most of them are based on voluntary donations. This study investigated the aware- ness and behavior of visitors with respect to donations for Mount Ibuki conservation and compared them between climbers and car users.
	Call Number				Serial	4212
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	Author	Singsaas, M.; Gundersen, V.,
	Title	Tradition and destination: Socio-ecological sustainability and the host-visitor inter-face in second-home development in Norway			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	390-391
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Second homes (SH) are a major form of domestic tourism in many countries, especially the Nordic countries. Nearly 50% of Norways population have access to at least one SH. Over the last 20-30 years, the average SH size has increased significantly (62.2 m2 in 1983 to 96.2 m2 in 2019) and a typical SH now holds very high material standard. Moreover, four times as many SHs were built in 2019 compared to 1983 (6455 versus 1600). In this period, the majority of the second home growth in Norway has taken place in the rural mountain areas (Skjeggedal et al. 2016), placing these areas under a multitude of interrelated pressures; Buildings and activities place local nature and biodiversity under pressure, but in addition the modern SHD trend also places pressure on the host-visitor relationships and land management systems, as well as altering local economies.Compared to other forms of recreation and tourism, Second home developments (SHD) poses particular challenges. SH owners are tourists, and exert similar impact on hosting communities, however, the dwelling use (Paris, 2014) of SHs, characterized by extended and repeated visits, sometimes spanning generations, implies different social, economic and ecological impacts than from other forms of tourism. Covering 39% of the total Norwegian area and 70% of Norways protected land, mountain municipalities are facing negative population trends, decreasing economic opportunities in the traditional industries and low accessibility to important public services. Since the 1990s rural areas have increasingly been portrayed as arenas for post-productivist amenity and leisure production for a growing urban population (Perkins 2006; Overvåg 2010; Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016). With widespread second home developments, intensive tourism developments, and other recreational use, new actors are claiming a stake in the outfields and in local governance (Overvåg et al. 2016). Existing research tends not to have dealt holistically with SH pressures. Despite a growing literature on the challenges mountain communities face (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2010) and the commodifications of rural resources (Perkins 2006, Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016), descriptions and analyses of local inhabitants and SH owners land use practices, experiences and meanings are still scarce. Without a better understanding of the increasing and transforming SH developments and its competing interests, values and practices, the pressures related to SH is likely to intensify, leading to conflicts and hampering ecological as well as economic and social sustainability.As the SH transforms to year-round use and even as a primary residence, the changed and increased recreational practices have put pressure on ecosystems (e.g. wild reindeer habitats), sheep and reindeer herding practices and local nature practices such as hunting and berry picking (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2019). Thus, recent SHD has increased tensions between nature users and nature conservationists and between hosts carrying out traditional local practices and visitors challenging these. While an array of branding and visitation strategies, initiated by national government, are being developed in protected areas throughout Norway, there is a lack of national policies and institutional support for SH management in local communities surrounding protected areas. While protected areas area managed by the State, SH planning lies within the realm of local government. Local authorities are thus in a strong position to guide development, however, asHall and Müller (2004) points out, it can also result in a lack of regional and national consistency in planning guidelines. The double challenge local councils face; few formal tools for visitation regulations outside protected areas, and the distinctive impacts from dwelling SH users, highlights the need for transgressing the current focus on building regulation, to a wider comprehensive planning for social sustainability in addition to economical and ecological sustainability. We therefore look at how SH are incorporated into the strategic planning process at local and regional levels, in ensuring sustainable development of SH in a broad sense. To better understand the degree and implications of these tensions and pressures, there is need to take a bottom-up perspective, looking at the SHD phenomenon by investigating different groups of peoples nature-based practices, their values and expressed attitudes and meanings, to further develop insights of relevance to local as well as national decision-making processes enabling a more sustainable second home development.
	Call Number				Serial	4372
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	Author	Cole, D.N.,
	Title	Simulation of Recreational Use in Backcountry Settings: an Aid to Management Planning			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	478-482
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Simulation models of recreation use patterns can be a valuable tool to managers of backcountry areas, such as wilderness areas and national parks. They can help fine-tune existing management programs, particularly in places that ration recreation use or that require the use of designated campsites. They can assist managers in evaluating the likely effects of increasing recreation use and the implementation of new management programs. They also can be used as a monitoring tool, being particularly helpful in predicting encounter levels in the interior as a function of easily measured counts of recreationists entering the area. The first backcountry travel simulation models were developed in the 1970s. They were never widely used, however, primarily because simulation runs were costly and difficult. Recent improvements in computer technology have ushered in a new era of travel simulation modeling.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 570			Serial	2347
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	Author	Probstl-Haider, U.; Kogler, A.,
	Title	Second homes in the European Alps – strategies to reduce the significant land take			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	218-219
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Since several decades spatial planning in the alpine area tries to handle the ongoing enlargement of second home areas and the loss of landscape and natural resources. The negative consequences for the local population are well-known and consist of high property prices, limited space availability, gentrification and districts that are only alive on a few days a year. However, the demand is increasing since real estate can be purchased now by all persons which are inhabitants in the European Union. In addition real estate is known to be a safe investment for the future or for retirement. This trend is currently reinforced by low bank interest rates and the effects of the pandemic Covid 19.
	Call Number				Serial	4298
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	Author	Petrova, E.,
	Title	Problems of Recreational Use of the World Natural Heritage Territories (Ubsunur Hollow Example)			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	397-401
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Six Russian territories are included already into UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Several more territories have to be included into the List in the near future. The Ubsunuur Hollow that is situated in the very center of Asia on a border between Russian Republic of Tyva and Mongolia will be among them. This place is probably the only one in the world where almost all the Earth nature zones (including the northernmost deserts and southernmost tundra) are met on a relatively small by size territory. Besides one can meet here the unique historical monuments – numerous burial-mounds and stone steles from 2–1 Millenniums B.C. The traditional nomad stockbreeding as well as ecological tourism can develop on this territory as main types of nature use. The tourists could visit the Reserve cluster plots where they could acquaint themselves with the popular traditions and enjoy the nature. Unlike the homelike European regions the nature of the Ubsunuur Hollow has been preserved for the present in practically untouched condition. The remoteness and hard accessibility of this territory don’t contribute to the mass tourist flows attraction. In the future it is planned to organize here the recreational use by small tourist groups that will observe the strict rules of behavior. Large hotels and other massive constructions of the tourist infrastructure won’t be built here. The tourists will move mainly by horses or by feet using the existing roads and paths and will live in tents and yurts. The definite flow of the financial sources will be possible together with the pure educational effect.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 536			Serial	2331
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	Author	Wolf, I. D.; Waitt, G.,
	Title	Wellbeing geovisualization: geographies of difference, accessibility and everyday natures.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	322-323
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Some of the benefits for people whose everyday routines are organized to incorporate interactions with places for nature are well established in the liveable cities literature. Officially designated greenspaces, including parks and reserves, for instance not only play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and socio-ecological functions; they offer urban recreationists the opportunity to exercise, socialize and relax (Torland, Weiler, Moyle & Wolf, 2015; Wolf, Stricker, & Hagenloh, 2015). And yet the multitude of benefits of urban places of nature remains largely understudied (Wolf, Ainsworth & Crowley, 2017). Also places that may be socially constituted as natural beyond official categories of greenspace are often not included when researching the benefits of engagement with places for nature. This project enrolls a participatory geographic information system (PGIS) and specifically visualization to better understand the relationships between everyday natures and wellbeing.
	Call Number				Serial	4343
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	Author	Kling, K. G.,
	Title	Balancing values of accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	318-319
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Spending time in nature and participating in outdoor activities has positive effects on the health and well-being of individuals, and nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation have the potential to provide an appropriate setting to engage in such activities (Farkic et al., 2020; Lackey et al., 2019). Even though our understanding of the benefits of nature experiences is well established, there remains unequal access to nature and nature-based activities among different groups in society. People with disabilities are often excluded from being able to fully participate in nature-based tourism and recreation due to physical and social barriers. There is therefore a need for natural areas to become more inclusive and cater to the needs of diverse groups of visitors (Menzies et al., 2020). The accommodation and adjustment of natural areas so that they become more inclusive for people with disabilities nevertheless entails some contradiction of values, especially between accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience (Corazon et al., 2019; Donlon, 2000). Increased accessibility in, as well as to, natural areas often means expanding infrastructure and improving facilities; actions which can have an impact on visitors perceptions of untouched nature and raise questions as to whether they are compatible with the objectives of nature conservation (Tverijonaite et al., 2018). However, political objectives of accessible nature for all are highly important in the context of social sustainability and social inclusion, and managers and planners of natural areas therefore have to balance these differing values in order to ensure that different interests and expectations are met. This balancing creates a moral dilemma concerning access to nature: who has access and who is excluded, and how should values be prioritised?
	Call Number				Serial	4341
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	Author	Puhakka, R.; Pitkanen, K.; Oinonen, I.,
	Title	Does nature support the integration of immigrant youth? A study on adolescents in the city of Lahti, Finland			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	328-329
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Successful integration of immigrants has been identified as the key for future social and economic well-being in EU. In Finland, a great share of the recent immigrants consists of people who have come to Finland as asylum seekers from countries whose cultural and natural environment is different from the Nordic countries. Nature has traditionally played a central role in the Finnish identity, although there are signs of polarisation in relation to nature among younger generations (Hakoköngäs & Puhakka 2021).Meanwhile, it is increasingly recognised that contact with nature promotes psychological, physiological, and social well-being and health (Keniger et al. 2013). Contact with nature can play an important role for social cohesion and immigrant integration (Jay & Schraml 2009). Green spaces seem to be especially important for immigrant youth to make contacts and friends across cultures (Seeland et al. 2009). Hence, nature can be an important means for integration, but it should also be understood as a resource that should be equally accessible to all (Gentin et al. 2019). Gentin et al. (2019) have suggested that the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of structural and cultural integration that emphasises the importance of equal access to natural environments and knowledge related to nature. Nature is also important for interactive and identificational integration by offering a platform and means for social interactions and a meaningful target to form emotional bonds with other people and places. This study applies the framework of integration (Esser 1999; Gentin et al. 2019) to study how nature supports the integration as well as the well-being of immigrant youth in Finland. We explore adolescents participation in outdoor recreation and their well-being experiences of and relationships with nature in the city of Lahti. We analyse the differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups to discuss how nature can support the health and well-being as well as interactive and identificational integration of immigrants, and how structurally and culturally inclusive nature is to the youth.
	Call Number				Serial	4346
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	Author	Keirle, I.,
	Title	Observation as a Technique for Establishing the Use made of the Wider Countryside: a Welsh Case Study			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	40-45
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Surveying the use made of the wider countryside for recreation is problematic due to the scale of the area to be covered. In particular the distribution, numbers and activities of countryside visitors are difficult to ascertain using conventional methodologies such as questionnaires and counters. This paper describes an observational methodology that has been used investigate recreational activity in a 466 square kilometre area of Mid Wales. The results illustrate the countryside resources that are being utilised, the activities undertaken and the number of people involved. It is concluded that observation is a valuable tool in understanding the nature of recreation in the wider countryside.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 422			Serial	2274
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	Author	Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A.,
	Title	Water Sports Activities and their Effects on the Avifauna of the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria – First Results			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	460-466
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Sustainable management of protected areas requires combining standardized ecological observations with quantitative data about the number of visitors and their behavior. Austria's Danube Floodplains National Park is a prime example for the importance of accommodating a high volume of recreational use with concerns about ecological integrity. Wetland ecology is of particular concern to park management. Within the scope of this study, boaters in the old branches of the Danube were observed en route and questioned when leaving the area. These observations provided quantitative data, such as the number of boaters, their spatio-temporal distribution and their behavior. At the same time, disturbances to water birds were inventoried using standardized ecological observation techniques. These observations were interlinked with visitor use data provided by a constant video recording of the recreational activity at the main entry point. Thus, data on the number and the temporal distribution of the boaters for the overall observation period was made available. The result of this study was, that through the simultaneous presence of different user groups, there is a permanent burden placed on the old branches by boaters, which scarcely permits rest for the avifauna.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 562			Serial	2344
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	Author	Blazejczyk, A.,
	Title	Some Problems of Tourist Activity in the Tatra National Park			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	417-420
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Tatra Mts. is an unique alpine ridge in Poland.. The whole Polish part of Tatra is a protected area as a national park (Tatry National Park – TNP). Its area is 21,164 ha. Every year 2.5 millions of tourists visit TNP. Tourist activity is one of the factor of nature degradation in Tatras. The most transformed are the areas with the greatest tourist penetration: Morskie Oko lake, Kasprowy Wierch Mt. and Koscieliska valley. The paper presents preliminary results of the studies dealing with the problems of tourist penetration in the Morskie Oko (MO) and Kasprowy Wierch (KW) regions. In the MO area needs and desires of tourists, time budget during stay at the place and tourists’ evaluation of infrastructure were studied with the use of special questionnaires. At Kasprowy Wierch the streams of tourists were observed. The number of tourists on each tourist track crossing KW was accounted. The results of the studies point to great diversity of tourist activity in TNP (making pictures, enjoying nature, walking in the surroundings, climbing, relax). The results can be useful for managing of tourist activity, for making corrections in TNP protection system and for establishing the methods minimising degradation of tourist tracks and its surroundings.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 544			Serial	2335
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	Author	Hochreutener, A.; Pachlatko, J.; Wyttenbach, M.; Boldt, A.; Rupf, R.,
	Title	Aletsch Forest in the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch: changes of visitor flows and vegetation in the last ten years			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	192-193
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The Aletsch Forest in Switzerland lies within the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch and is one of the oldest of its kind. The 410 ha large forest is protected as a cantonal forest and nature reserve as well as a federal wildlife reserve. The private nature conservation organization Pro Natura manages the area on behalf of the canton of Valais. Recreationists greatly value this pristine nature and each summer many people visit the forest. Management of the Aletsch Forest therefore faces the challenge of finding a balance between use and protection. Utmost priority has the undisturbed natural development of the forest. It is prohibited to leave official trails or resting areas. Still, a sustainable recreational use should be possible. To navigate between these demands and to make effective visitor management decisions, the area management needs empirical data to characterise recreationists (Clivaz et al. 2013) as well as the natural setting (Stankey et al. 1985).
	Call Number				Serial	4286
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	Author	Weissen, A.; Götz, A.,
	Title	The Contribution of the Alpine Convention to Nature Conservation and Visitor Flows Management			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	407-411
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Alpine Convention, entered into force in March 1995, is an international treaty that obliges eight countries and the European Community to undertake specific measures for the protection of the natural and cultural heritage and for the sustainable development of the Alps, the largest and highest mountain region in Central Europe. One of the twelve Protocols for the implementation of the Convention is dedicated to “nature protection and countryside conservation”. It highlights the importance of protected areas and the necessity to manage human activities in order to reduce negative impacts and to guarantee biodiversity and natural processes.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 540			Serial	2333
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	Author	Hinterberger, B.; Arnberger, A.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	GIS-Supported Network Analysis of Visitor Flows in Recreational Areas			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-32
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The application of GIS tools for visitor monitoring facilitates a profound analysis of visitor flow patterns. Giving a visual impression of the distribution of visitors within an area via maps, interpretation of visitor use data is much easier and better. Furthermore, a GIS also allows to determine and analyse quantitative parameters of visitor use such as trail and visitor density. These parameters can also be used to characterise and compare different areas within a park. With a standardised approach, also comparisons between parks can be realised. Therefore, GIS is increasingly used in the area of visitor monitoring to assist recreation planners and park managers in their everyday work. This paper demonstrates how a GIS-based trail network analysis was used in the framework of a visitor monitoring project in the Danube Flood Plains National Park, Austria.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 418			Serial	2272
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	Author	Botelho, A.Z.; Costa, A.C.; Parente, M.I.; Torres, P.; Borges, P.; Nunes, J.C.; Ventura, M.A.,
	Title	Seascapes in the Azores: from tourist perception to site evaluation			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	180-181
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The Archipelago of the Azores has a high potential for tourism differentiation at an international level due to its distinctive and unique characteristics and natural beauty. Seascapes have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value (Atkinson et al., 2011), although seldom subjected to assessments. Additionally, marine geological heritage has been only occasionally exploited by Azorean companies, mostly because there is a lack of data about underwater geodiversity, geological heritage, and its valuation, for recreational purposes. This study (within the project SCAPETOUR – SeaSCAPEs promotion to diversify TOURistic products) aimed to analyze visitors perception regarding the importance of seascapes features and their value, more specifically: a detailed and full characterization as well as sectorial analyses of selected coastal and underwater trails for tourism and a valuation of seascapes for tourism and conservation purposes, including visitors perception regarding the seascape features. In the context of species conservation and ecosystem protection, it is important to increase users and stakeholders knowledge on the natural value of the assets to promote sustainable use of the ocean and marine life.
	Call Number				Serial	4281
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	Author	Moder, F.; Hellmuth, E.,
	Title	Objectives and Basis of Management of Visitor Flows in the Biosphere Reserve Vessertal/Thuringia Germany			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	346-352
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The biosphere reserve Vessertal (Biosphärenreservat Vessertal) is one of the two oldest biosphere reserves in Germany and represents a characteristic part of the central European highlands. It is part of the Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald). In this region nature based tourism is very traditional. Since 1999 the increase of touristic offers in combination with the development of more touristic infrastructure caused a variety of activities in visitor management. A first step was the definition of the aims of visitor management. The discussion showed soon that visitor management in the Vessertal should include more aspects than the protection of species and biotops. Nevertheless the survey of sensitive habitats and species is an important basis for all further steps towards a concept of sustainable development. Finally, the first results of a project of reducing the present network of touristic trails are presented.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 518			Serial	2322
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	Author	Machida, R.; Aikoh, T.; Take, M.; Matsushima, H.; Yasushi, S.; Mikami, N.; Mitarai, Y.,
	Title	Volunteer activities for semi-natural grassland conservation in Japan and the impact of COVID-19 on these activities			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	64-65
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The changes in the landscape are caused by the economic and social forces of the early 19th century and particularly of the 20th century (Matej M., Frantisek P., 2013). The community of Nezasa (Pleioblastus yoshidake) and Susuki (Miscanthus sinensis) plants forming the typical semi-natural grasslands of Japan used to cover approximately 10% of the land of Japan until the 1930s. The semi-natural grasslands have been managed by local agricultural activities such as controlled burning, mowing and pasturage for over 1000 years, but recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue. In the Second National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan, the Japanese government designated such landscape crisis as Crisis 2, which is “the degradation of Satochi-satoyama (rural landscapes formed by sustainable use of natural resources) due to insufficient level of management”.(Ministry of the Environment, 2012). But recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue.
	Call Number				Serial	4227
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	Author	Jackson, S.; Haider, W.; Elliot, T.,
	Title	Resolving Inter-Group Conflict in Winter Recreation: Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, British Columbia			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	109-114
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, in British Columbia, Canada, is wellknown for its summer historic gold rush hiking route, and is popular in the winter with local residents for skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Park managers implemented a strategy of temporal segregation to mitigate known conflicts between motorised and nonmotorised winter users. This study evaluated the effectiveness of separating users, by monitoring visitor satisfaction and support for the management strategy, and assessing the key differences between user groups within the theory of asymmetrical conflict. The results show that separating users does increase satisfaction for non-motorised users; however, support for controlled access is moderate to low among all users. This study alerts park managers using direct tools such as controlled access, in that dissatisfaction may shift from those who were most affected by the inter-group conflict (non-motorised users) to the motorised group, who are dissatisfied with increased access limitations and loss of freedom.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 446			Serial	2286
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	Author	Siegrist, D.; Bonnelame, L. K.,
	Title	Zero impact nature-based tourism			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	358-359
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The climate crisis is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Tourism can also make an important contribution to solving these problems (Lenzen et al. 2018). Nature-based tourism is thereby of particular importance. This is especially because it is generally viewed as a more ecological version compared to other forms of tourism. Nature-based tourism offers a lot of experience in the field of sustainable development. In addition, it represents a growth in tourism worldwide (Haukeland et al. 2021). It is now a matter of further developing this form of tourism into a zero impact nature-based tourism.In 2015, as part of the Paris Climate Agreement, the international community decided to limit the average global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius increase in temperature in order to prevent the most catastrophic damage to the climate (IPCC 2018). In the wake of the Paris Climate Agreement, numerous countries have announced that they want to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050 at the latest. These climate goals result in a special challenge for tourism, which contributes significantly to global warming with its greenhouse gas emissions on a global level as well as in individual countries (Loeh, Becken 2021).For tourism as a whole, the question arises as to which function it should play within the framework of the internationally established net zero goal. On a global scale, climate-damaging air traffic represents the greatest challenge for the tourism industry: Will tourism have to cope with significantly fewer flight kilometres in the future? How can the long-distance tourists that are no longer available in the destinations of the global south be replaced? Or will drive technologies for aircrafts be developed in the future that are climate-neutral? At a regional level of tourist destinations, too, a number of extremely relevant fields of action are affected with regard to climate protection. Mobility also plays a central role here, but there are also major challenges for the hotel industry and other areas with high greenhouse gas emissions (Gössling 2021).
	Call Number				Serial	4358
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	Author	Arzac, S.,
	Title	Environment and Rural Tourism in Bustamante, Mexico			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	384-389
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The community is Bustamante, population 3,501, in Nuevo Leon state, Mexico. It is a privileged rural landscape, made fertile in the middle of a semi-desert by springs that flow year-round. And in the vicinity of the oasis lie the internationally known caverns known locally as Grutas de Palmito. The problem are the pressures of recreation on the environment: day excursionists who come in great numbers are causing erosion near the water, both around the springs and along the river that flows from them. The waters that used to be clear are now murky because of the soil deposition. And in the cave, the visitors walk freely in the gallery spaces and trample on the formations. But because the local tourism industry is nature-based, it is imperative to conserve the natural resources that make it possible. This research considers the potential of what has come to be known as sustainable tourism to promote economic development in Bustamante and possibly in similar communities, not by replacing the agricultural base but by complementing it. Data were obtained from observations, interviews, survey questionnaires, from the Mexican census, from the regional newspaper, and from the literatures on sustainable tourism and history of the region. The study proposes that the natural and cultural resources of Bustamante had been largely conserved until recently, and that the present accelerated degradation of these resources can be reversed through approaches to sustainability that are related to tourism, so that Bustamante’s people meet their present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, measured against the standard of living currently enjoyed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 532			Serial	2329
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	Author	Fredman, P.; Wolf-Watz, D.,
	Title	Impact from Covid-19 on outdoor recreation in Sweden			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	84-85
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The Covid-19 outbreak has brought about radical changes for societies, individuals as well as the environment. Concerns about the infection and strategies to deal with it, including restrictions on travel and social interaction, have dramatically altered many peoples lives. This includes also recreation in the outdoors as well as environmental impacts, following from crowding, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the unique situation following the Covid-19 outbreak, it is of interest to study how outdoor recreation has changed and reflect upon possible environmental effects these changes may bring. We do this by asking the following questions; 1. Has participation in outdoor sports changed during the pandemic and why? 2. How has participation changed with respect to; transport and mobility, use of land and water, use of material and equipment, involvement in events, social values, motivation and meaning? 3. What are the potential environmental consequences, and opportunities, following the pan- demic? The study focuses on outdoor recreation participation in Sweden during the first months of the pandemic.
	Call Number				Serial	4236
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	Author	Rice, W.; Pan, B.,
	Title	Using Googles Mobility Data to understand park visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A note of caution			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	76-77
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted park visitation around the globe. In an effort to understand the factors influencing these changes, numerous attempts have been made to use big data to monitor changes in park use (e.g., Venter et al., 2020). Googles Community Mobility Reports represent a dataset with significant potential in this regard. Released in April 2020, these reports were generated on the hypothesis that aggregated, anonymized data could be helpful [to] make critical decisions to combat COVID-19 (Fitzpatrick & DeSalvo, 2020, para. 1). The heading on the reports website asks browsers to see how your community is moving around differently due to COVID-19 (Google 2020b). The data released through the reports are generated from aggregated, anonymized sets of data from [Google] users who have turned on the Location History setting, which is off by default (Google 2020b).
	Call Number				Serial	4232
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