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Author Burns, G.L.; Haraldsdoottir, L.,
Title Interpretation in Ásbyrgi: communicating with National Park visitors in Iceland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 136-137
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The tourism industry in Iceland is of significant economic importance to the country and, until global travel restrictions in 2020, the number of visitors to natural areas was continuing to grow. Corresponding with this increase is the need to effectively manage tourists to ensure safe and responsible experiences that are as socially, economically and environmentally sustainable as possible. This management includes decisions about interpretation – what information to provide for tourists and the most effective way to deliver that information to them. This presentation will report on part of a project conducted at Asbyrgi, in the northern section of Icelands Vatnajökull National Park. The parks managers are cognisant that Tourism in national parks is essentially about providing memorable nature-based experiences for visitors (Weiler et al., 2019) and want to provide those experiences without disturbing the plant and animal life in the park. To achieve this, they are keen to implement interpretation that aims to stimulate interest, promote learning, guide visitors in appropriate behaviour for sustainable tourism and encourage enjoyment and satisfaction (Moscardo et al. 2004).
Call Number Serial 4261
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Author Sitarz, M.; Krol, M.; Kauzal, P.,
Title Monitoring of tourist traffic during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic in the Tatra Na tional Park, Poland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 50-51
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Tatra National Park is the fifth largest national park in Poland with the area of 211 km2. Any kind of human activities is limited to the 275 km of tourist trails and specially designed areas for hiking, skiing or climbing. Over the years the total number of tourist visiting the park has been gradually growing. However in 2020 with the outbreak of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic it might seemed that the total number of tourists could decrease due to the temporary restrictions of traveling to the other cities and closure of hotels, guesthouses and restaurants. The borders were also temporary closed. For short period of time even the Tatra National Park was closed, at the beginning only for tourists outside Zakopane and surrounding villages but later also for local residents. The aim of this research is to present the observation of tourist traffic in 2020 during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic and comparison to the year 2019.
Call Number Serial 4220
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Author Piotrowski, K.; Rogowski, M.; Mickiewicz, A.,
Title Assessment and accuracy improvement of monitoring of tourism traffic in a mid-mountain national park (MSTT: Monitoring System of tourist traffic) in Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 290-291
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The sustainable management of vulnerable natural areas requires accurate measurement of visitor flows, especially in protected natural areas (Andersen et al. 2013). According to Andersen et al. (2013), the most often used counting system is a pyroelectric sensor that features a lens sensitive to heat radiation emitted by the human body (Eco-Counter model: PYRO sensor). An important challenge with automatic counting systems is their accuracy, since all types of counters are subject to counting errors (Pettebone et al. 2010).This study focuses on visitor counting accuracy in national parks situated in mountain areas that are also one of the most popular tourist areas. It illustrates the attention to detail required to carry out accurate visitor counting. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of pyroelectric sensor measurement errors in relation to different visitor flow levels and different time intervals between visitors. This verification was based on field experiments and on-site observations of the pyroelectric sensors working as part of the Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT) in Stolowe Mountain National Park (SMNP) in Sudety Mountains, southwestern Poland. SMNP is visited by about 900,000 tourists per year. (Rogowski 2020). In mountain areas, it is difficult to collect data over a longer period of time. In addition, field and weather conditions may yield a higher error rate. This evaluation of accuracy was performed to yield calibration formulas.
Call Number Serial 4329
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Author Probstl-Haider, U.; Hodl, C.; Ginner, K.; Florian, B.,
Title Climate change: impacts on outdoor activities in the summer and shoulder seasonsin Austria – lessons learned. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 354-355
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The summer tourism market in Austria builds significantly on the countrys opportunities for outdoor recreation such as mountaineering, mountain biking or water sports. This presentation looks at the most important activities from a tourism perspective and considers the likelihood of impacts by climate change based on an extended literature review.It also examines current trends in tourism demand and concludes with both general and activity-specific adaptation and mitigation measures. The data collection and review process covered the relevant peer reviewed and grey literature. This comprehensive process was based on, and was open to, contributions by the full scientific community of relevant Austrian researchers and experts. The compilation process of the report followed quality standards such as the involvement of international partners as review editors within the review process.
Call Number Serial 4356
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Author Chekalina, T.; Fuchs, M.,
Title Evaluating the impact of mobile apps on nature-based tourism experiences Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 156-157
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of applications developed for smartphones intended for usage in connection with nature-based tourism (NBT) experience. Outdoor recreationists increasingly use mobile applications to interact with nature by consuming, creating and sharing the content related to NBT experience before, during and after the trip (Wang et al., 2014; Dickinson, Hibbert, and Filimonau, 2016). We argue that both, content and the various elements of mobile apps functionalities show the capacity to enhance major aspects of the NBT experience, such as emotional, social and epistemic experience value, as well as excellence, efficiency and safety (Chekalina, Fuchs, and Lexhagen, 2018). NBT segments utilize various functional elements of mobile apps (either web-based applications or native apps users need to download and install on their smartphones), such as map-based information, weather/avalanche warnings, augmented reality and 360 images, QR-code tags and geocaching, location-based services, near field communication (NFC) and mobile payments, as well as social media integration (Buhalis and Foerste, 2014; Kolas et al., 2015). Prior research identifies various categories of apps, which can enhance the NBT experience (Chekalina, Fossgard, and Fuchs, 2021). Digital reference books replace printed guides of birds, plants, mushrooms and integrate image recognition and augmented reality technology. The categories of “exercise and training” apps and “map and navigation” apps show similarities in terms of content and functionality. However, the former category focuses on performance, such as pace, distance, elevation or calorie consumption, while the focus of apps in the latter category is on tracks, routes and attractions. Other categories of apps include travel guides, weather apps, games, compass apps, flashlight apps, apps for photo and video, as well as niche social media networks (Chekalina et al., 2021).
Call Number Serial 4270
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Author Slabbert, L.; Marumo, P.,
Title Researching, attracting and catering for ‘non-traditional visitors in South African National Parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 332-333
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The South African National Parks (SANParks) is a significant player in ecotourism in Africa with a vision of being a connector between societies. Yet, it has been reliant on a largely homogenous market base of loyal visitors, the majority being Caucasian middle-aged or older. Future sustainability depends on finding a balance between attracting new feasible markets and connecting to younger generations, while retaining current loyal markets. Attracting non-white and younger tourists to national parks should not just represent an opportunity for greater economic stability, “…but should transmit a stronger message that national parks remain – and will always be – a domain for all…” (Butler & Richardson, 2015). Diverse visitor experiences play an essential role in cultivating greater societal support for national parks (Weiler et al., 2013). However, little research is available to inform parks tourism development and marketing initiatives to attract more diverse tourism markets. With financial barriers removed, what are non-traditional tourists reasons for not visiting? What are their tourism-related preferences, and how do they perceive a stay in a national park? How can they be persuaded to include a national park visit in their travel choice set?This presentation provides a synopsis of the results of two research projects commissioned to address these research questions, followed by practical examples of how national parks in South Africa is transforming their tourism and experiential offerings and integrating new insights into marketing initiatives.
Call Number Serial 4348
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Author Arnegger, J.; Herz, M.; Campbell, M.,
Title Media representation of nature, mass ecotourism, and the visitor experience Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 122-123
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The soft or mass ecotourism sub-field makes up a large percentage of the ecotourism sector in many regions worldwide. This sub sector is generally characterized by larger group size, lower environmental commitment, and higher levels of service standards when compared to traditional “hard” ecotourists (Weaver, 2001).It has been argued that this popularity is driven in large part by representations of nature in popular media such as documentaries and magazines (Lemelin, 2006). Generally, any form of media may play a salient role in tourism contexts, i.e. raising expectations toward destinations, trips or tourism experiences, which may not be met in reality (Michalkó et al., 2015). Thus, while media has the potential to positively impact peoples expectations, perspectives and attitudes it also implies the danger of overpromising. Individuals with unrealistic expectations are hence more likely to experience some form of disappointment (Bramwell, 1998).These general notions can be expected to be specifically relevant in nature-based settings, in that tourists expectations may be highly influenced by curated representations of nature and wildlife. In turn, expectations are generally assumed to impact satisfaction which is a main driver for positive behavioral outcomes such as intention to re-visit and positive word-of-mouth (Faerber et al., 2021). When applied to wildlife tourism experiences we assume that the more the held image (shaped by media consumption) differs from objective reality, the greater will be both the tourists expectation and his/her disappointment.The present study examines the relationship between visitors pre-trip expectations and post-trip satisfaction of a mass ecotourism nature experience as a function of previous involvement in nature activities and organizations, and consumption of wildlife and nature-based media.
Call Number Serial 4254
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Author Farstad, E.; Haukeland, J. V.,
Title The sharing economy in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism in Innlandet County, Norway Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 404-405
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The sharing economy (SE) refers to an economic model defined as a peer-to-peer based activity of acquiring, providing, or sharing access to goods and services that is often facilitated by a commu-nity-based on-line platform (Ranjbari et al., 2018). SE is growing rapidly, and it is assumed that both new business models and new products based on digital sharing platforms can provide more efficient resource use through increased competition and innovation (NOU 2017:4). Thus, the paper addresses the future role and poten-tials of SE in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based regional tourism in Innlandet County, Norway. SE research has so far been mainly concentrated within urban contexts, whereas there is a shortage of apposite studies connected to sparsely populated regions in gen-eral and to outdoor recreation/ nature-based tourism in particular. Opportunities of the SE in rural areas lie in e.g., provision of shared mobili-ty, accommodations, food, specialized tools and equipment, and personal services such as guiding, courses, and other skilled human resources; needed for recreational stays and activities in nature areas; and availing prosumtion of nature-based assets. SE can be particularly viable in na-ture areas where such resources may be scarce, or where traditional commercial establishment may not be sustainable.
Call Number Serial 4378
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Author Radakovitz, K.; Taczanowska, K.; Brendenburg, C.,
Title Recreational use vs nature protection in mountain protected areas – a case study of the Rax area, Vienna Alps, Austria Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 40-40
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Rax mountain is a popular leisure and recreation area in the eastern part of Austria. In this region mountaineering has a long tradition and the area is used by a lot of visitors for different kinds of leisure time activities during the summer and winter months. The Rax mountain not only has a particular importance to leisure and recreation, due to the advantageous geological conditions it belongs to the watershed of the First Vienna Spring Water Main and therefore the Rax is declared as a water protection area. To enable the interests of leisure and nature conservation equally as well as to ensure the high grade of water quality, profound knowledge of visitors sociodemographic structures, individual behavior and the spatial distribution is crucial.
Call Number Serial 4215
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Author Pereira da Silva, C.; Mendes, R.N.; Fonseca, C.,
Title 10 years of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas: Challenges and pitfalls Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 202-203
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The protected areas, including UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, have been witnessing an increase in the number of visitors, resulting in periods of human overload, which can compromise the development strategy, conservation objectives, and the quality of the recreational experience. Information about visitors is therefore vital to create new management strategies, which also include education and environmental awareness.Now, that in 2021 we are celebrating the 10th anniversary of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas (Portugal), it is appropriate to assess the evolution in the last decade, mainly about visitation, and consider the challenges ahead.
Call Number Serial 4291
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Author Hansen, A.S.; Glette, V.; Arce, J.F.,
Title Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 172-173
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The presentation reports on a study and published paper with a focus on mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region on the west coast of Sweden. In Sweden, outdoor recreation is considered an important land and water use activity, and is associated with key societal aspects, such as increased environmental awareness, public health and local development. For this reason, outdoor recreation has become an important planning topic in the Gothenburg region, which offers many recreational opportunities in the coastal zone (Hansen, 2016).
Call Number Serial 4277
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Author Hansen, S.A.; Arce, J.F.; Lindberg, I.,
Title Outdoor recreation during the corona pandemic – experiences and trends from western Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 88-89
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The presentation reports on a study and published paper from western Sweden with a focus on the development of outdoor recreation in the region during the Covid-19 pandemic. When the pandemic swept across Sweden and Europe in March 2020, it resulted in major changes in and consequences for outdoor recreation activities across the country. Quite abruptly, conditions for a normal life in Sweden changed in order to reduce the spread of the virus. People were recommended to not travel outside their own region or municipality, and public transportation became problematic to use. Citizens were advised to work from home and not socialize with others beyond their own social circle. In other words, the whole foundation of an active outdoor lifestyle changed. This had consequences for all citizens and, not least, outdoor organizations, many of which had to postpone or completely cancel activities. As a result, the basic conditions for outdoor recreation changed fundamentally.
Call Number Serial 4238
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Author Spenceley, A.,
Title The impacts of the pandemic on tourism in protected and recreational areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 24-25
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The pause in tourism has given many tourism and conservation professionals an opportunity to reflect on whether they want to go back to the way things were (10), or alternatively to build back better and greener and recover in a more responsible, sustainable and regenerative way (11).  The United Nations and international development agencies have been increasingly vocal in their support for sustainable recovery. In August 2020, UN Secretary-General António Guterres released a policy brief on COVID-19 and transforming tourism, stating that the tourism sector should be rebuilt in a way that is “safe, equitable and climate friendly [and as a] provider of decent jobs, stable incomes and the protection of our cultural and natural heritage.” For travel and tourism to be truly sustainable, broad standards and protocols are needed to address climate change, conservation and social justice. It is also important to conserve nature in protected areas to avoid future zoonoses (12). This is the time for the tourism sector to seize the moment and enact meaningful changes that will transform the world and make a lasting difference for future generations (13). COVID-19 has accelerated the sustainability agenda, and amid the pause, companies are concentrating efforts on their commercial survival. Many tourism operators see becoming sustainable as too hard to do, but in reality it is not so difficult. Resources like the new “Handbook for Sustainable Tourism Practitioners: The essential toolkit” (14) can help the sector to build back in a regenerative way, with communities at the centre.
Call Number Serial 4384
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Author Tyrvainen, L.; Sepponen, A.; Lankia, T.; Neuvonen, M.,
Title The role of outdoor recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on recreational behavior and attitudes towards nature in Finland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 98-99
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The overall participation in outdoor recreation has been high and remained rather stable in 20 years time of outdoor recreation monitoring in Finland. A long-term trend also indicates slight increase in outdoor recreation visits among the Finnish adult population. Moreover, the importance of health and well-being benefits from nature have steadily increased and boosted at least partly by continued urbanization and adoption of modern lifestyles. These health supporting benefits are also more intentionally sought for among recreationists (Neuvonen et al. 2019, Tyrväinen et al. 2019). The outbreak of covid-19 pandemic changed globally dramatically everyday life routines and increased in many countries demand for recreation opportunities particularly in urban areas (e.g. Derks et al 2020). In Finland, there has not been any use restrictions of natural areas during the pandemic. The ongoing national inventory of outdoor recreation (2019-2021) gave a unique opportunity to study effects of pandemic of peoples outdoor recreation behavior on a national level. In order to understand the importance of green spaces in supporting peoples well-being during pandemic, we studied i) how pandemic affects peoples recreation behavior and experiences ii) which population groups rely on nature areas the most  and iii) what kind of impacts pandemic may have on attitudes and values of people towards nature and outdoor recreation.
Call Number Serial 4243
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Author Solvang, D. T.,
Title “Friluftsliv” (outdoor life): Sustainability, trust and social inclusion Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 26-27
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Norwegian Trekking Association (DNT) aims to act as a responsible organization that carefully addresses key challenges for social and environmental sustainability in outdoor recreation though our strategic plan. This lecture will discuss and present approaches to key challenges for DNT and likely also for similar NGOs across the globe.
Call Number Serial 4385
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Author Schulz, L.; Price, M.,
Title Mapping the distribution of outdoor activities to assess their impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) – Evidence from user-generated geographic information Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 114-115
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The most severe effects of outdoor tourism orrecreation (OTR) are habitat fragmentation, modification, and loss, which affect animal behaviour, survivorship, distribution, and reproduction (e.g.: Karlson & Mörtberg, 2015; Monz, Pickering, & Hadwen, 2017). A highly used path can create a barrier and lead animals to avoid a much wider area through trail-edge effects (Monz et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2014). Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) respond differently to different OTR activities, e.g., they avoid mountain-bike trails up to 1091.5m and winter infrastructure up to 327.1m (Coppes et al., 2017). Along multiuse tracks, capercaillie use trees closer to tracks in less visited woodland than in highly visited woodland, with tree use asymptotes of 197m and 291m, respectively (Summers et al., 2007). The present study assessed 1) patterns of recreational uses, 2) functional habitat loss of capercaillie due to trail-edge effects, 3) the impacts of OTR on lek site selection, and 4) the potential for capercaillie refuges.
Call Number Serial 4250
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Author Toivonen, T.; Heikinheimo, V.,
Title Using Mobile Big Data to assess visits to national parks before and during COVID- 19 Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 78-79
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the biggest disruption to individual mobilities in modern times. The crisis is clearly spatial in nature, and examining the geographical aspect is important in understanding the broad implications of the pandemic (Oliver et al. 2020). Visitations to national parks or other natural areas have experienced a tremendous change during the pandemic. In some areas, like in Finland, visitors seeking for experiences or less crowded places have crowded national parks. This has caused a need for national park managers to add services to the parks. In other places attracting high numbers of international tourists, like Madagascar, the visitor numbers have dropped drastically leading to problems of local livelihoods and even pressure to use land for alternative purposes like food production (Eklund et al. 2020).To understand these changes and their impact, there is a need to monitor how and where people use natural areas. Mobile big data (data collected by mobile phone operators or various apps) has been considered valuable for conservation already for some time (Di Minin et al. 2015; Tenkanen et al. 2017; Toivonen et al. 2019). The pandemic has highlighted the high potential of mobile big data even further (Poom et al. 2020). Mobile Big Data makes it possible to study the spatial effects of the crisis with spatiotemporal detail at the national and global scales. The data is being collected continuously, allowing monitoring change over time. The importance has not been left unnoticed: Some companies, like Google and Apple, have shared previously inaccessible information about peoples mobility patterns openly online, allowing, for a limited time period, new analyses also about visits to nature.
Call Number Serial 4233
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Author Sorakunnas, E.,
Title The experiential value of national park visits Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 144-145
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The marketing discipline offers suitable and well-established constructs for viewing outdoor recreation from the demand perspective, namely experiential consumption (Holbrook and Hirschman 1982) and consumer value (Woodruff 1997, Holbrook 1999). Although non-commercial, visiting national parks represents consumption in terms of acquiring experiences; visitors immerse themselves in an experiential, nature-based context to derive personal experiences that provide value. The concept of consumer value has been established in marketing for long, but self-organized and independent visits to national parks represent a new area of application. This approach, viewing park visits through the eyes of the visitors, combines the setting attributes and individuals activities to their desired personal outcomes. Thus, it is similar to the Outcomes Focused Management approach (Driver, 2008) as well as the Recreation Preference Scale (Driver, 1983) and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (Clark and Stankey, 1979) frameworks, but provides an integrated outlook by comprising also the underlying universal values unlike conventional outdoor recreation research.
Call Number Serial 4264
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Author Liu, Y.; Olafsson, A. S.,
Title Intentional and incidental nature experiences in urban nature Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 388-389
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The importance of urban nature has been empha-sized alongside the concept of sustainable city and urban livability. Urban nature can refer to all kinds of green spaces, such as lawns, community gardens, urban parks, urban forests and urban cemeteries. It is known that urban nature deliv-ers the cultural ecosystem services that largely link to human well-being. Hence, many scholars focus on multi-functionality of urban nature (Fagerholm et al., 2019; Hansen et al., 2019), and try to find the link between motives and experi-ences (Vierikko et al., 2020) in order to have a broad understanding of the day to day practice of urban nature. However, due to the extinction of the experiences and loss of human-nature inter-actions, more research should pay attention to nature experiences in order to develop sustaina-ble urban recreational destinations with high citizens experiential values.The built environment with access to in-frastructure and green spaces are preferred dur-ing the lockdown (Amerio et al., 2020). The hu-man-nature interaction is greatly motivated by intentional uses of urban nature provided by in-frastructures, and the fact urban nature can pro-vide spaces for social activities and so on. Yet, little is focus on how restorative experiences, emotions, surprises and sensory experiences can encourage urban dwellers a close contact with nature. Does the increasing recreational use of urban nature at this special moment indicate an increasing need of restorative benefits and better well-being from the urban nature? And is the intentional recreational use of urban nature gen-erated by any incidental experiences gained from urban nature or indirect use of urban nature, due to the fact that well-practiced behaviors are gen-erated by incidental experience? This study cate-gorizes nature experiences into intentional na-ture experiences and incidental nature experi-ences, and aims to answer the following ques-tions (1) what is intentional and incidental nature experience and what are the most common mapped activities in terms of the intentional and incidental use of urban nature (2) which type of urban nature and which landscape feature(s) can provide more intentional or incidental nature experiences (3) what is the relationship between these two kinds of nature experiences?
Call Number Serial 4371
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Author Saga, A.; Aikoh, Y.; Hayasaka, S.; Ito, M.,
Title Risk communication as a measure to develop adventure tourism in Ja… Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 36-37
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The global market for adventure tourism (AT) was steadily growing before the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020. The market is expected to recover most quickly in the tourism arena because AT is realized as small group tours in amidst nature. Adventure tourism was in fact introduced in Japan several years ago. This study introduces the reason that AT has not been included in commercial tourism and seeks a way to develop AT in Japan. To realize this, risk communication is examined through a case study that focuses on hiking.
Call Number Serial 4213
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Author Higham, J.,
Title The Anthropocene and what it means for managing outdoor recreation experiences Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 22-22
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The global COVID-19 pandemic has, first and foremost, been a widespread human tragedy. It has also been a global social and economic circuit-breaker. The disruption that it has caused has been all embracing, and from this has emerged a fleeting opportunity to rethink all aspects of environment, society and economy. In the context of tourism and recreation, the current crisis has been widely recognised as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to build back better and, in doing so, to try to address fundamental global environmental challenges. Twenty years ago, at the dawn of the new millennium Crutzen and Stoermers (2000) article The Anthropocene argued that the Holocene had ended and a new epoch, for which humankind is responsible, had begun. Anthropogenic climate change, pollution, species extinction, exhaustion of soils, over-exploitation of resources, and population growth were seen as evidence of the Anthropocene. The concept of the Anthropocene has become prominent in the tourism and recreation literature. Many of the central rationales for the Anthropocene – such as climate change, resources depletion, and pollution – are also central concerns associated with pre-COVID growth in tourism and recreation. If our species is a geological force and the impacts are of tourism and recreation are geophysical in scope, this significantly increases the ethical stakes associated with our fields of scholarship. To begin, I will frame my presentation with an initial discussion and critique of the Anthropocene and what it means. In this discussion the locus of responsibility is important. It is necessary to question how particular topics of debate come to the fore and who stands to benefit from how public issues are framed. Visions of tourism and recreation development are interwoven with assumptions regarding who stands to benefit and who will bear the costs associated with those benefits.I will use this critique to consider two of the most fundamental environmental challenges confronting tourism and recreation scholarship; carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. I will draw upon the emerging regenerative tourism paradigm to consider how tourism and recreation can contribute to restoring and regenerating rather than depleting natural capital, while simultaneously building social, cultural and economic capital. This discussion has important implications for tourism and recreation, in terms of pathways forward in the quest for practices that respond with urgency to the these global environmental imperatives. This presentation will be illustrated with emerging examples from Aotearoa (New Zealand).
Call Number Serial 4383
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Author Gentin, S.; Praestholm, S.,
Title From idea to practice: potentials and obstacles in engaging volunteers and refugees in nature based integration in five Danish municipalities. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 330-331
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The European Commission has promoted revisiting and developing approaches for the successful integration of migrants all over Europe. One possible response to address this challenge is using nature as an arena for social integration of newcomers, as discussed by Gentin et al (2019). The aim of the project – “Nature friend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” was to enroll new volunteers and test new approaches in integration of refugees and newly arrived asylum seekers through nature based activities. Local groups of the Danish Refugee council in five different municipalities in Denmark participated in the project. The theoretical point of departure was Essers (1999) four basic forms of social integration: structural, cultural, interactive and identificational integration. Based on Esser (1999) the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of: 1) Structural integration describing access to common resources and main institutions of society, 2) cultural integration with aquisition of knowledge and competences, cultural aspects, common practices, general rules of behaviour, 3) interactive integration describing friendships and social interactions, 4) identificational integration with emotional bonds to other groups and places.In this relation, “Naturefriend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” focused on social interactions and language learning (interactive integration), as well as getting to know near-by nature (identificational integration). Further, the work by Rishbeth and Finney (2006) and their focus on novelty and nostalgia was found in the refugees thoughts about the nature-based activities inspired the theoretical understanding of the refugee perspective of this project.
Call Number Serial 4347
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Author Kajala, L.; Konu, H.; Mikkola, J.; Neuvonen, M.; Tapainen, M.; Tyrvainen, L.,
Title Exploring trends of visitation: 20 years of visitor monitoring in Finnish national parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 258-259
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The demand of nature-based tourism and recreation has increased due to changes in society, leisure, urbanization, and increased awareness of the health benefits of nature, and during the COVID-19 pandemic destinations such as national parks and protected areas have become even more popular (e.g. Haukeland et al. 2021; Rikkonen et al. 2020). The steady growth during the last decade can be identified also from the increased number of national park visits in Finland (see Figure 1). The growing numbers of visitation, combined with the increase in park hectares, place pressures for management, especially as customer needs and preferences have become increasingly diversified. Gaining visitor insight – identifying growth trends and changes in visitor profiles – is essential for the quality of management in national parks. The purpose of this study is to gain a broader view on the development and trends of visitor motivations, activities, and demographics during the last 20 years. More detailed examination is also made in four park categories.
Call Number Serial 4314
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Author Nowak, M.; Heldt, T.,
Title Financing recreational trails through donations: Management challenges, visitor experiences and behavioural theory in a mountain biking context Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 152-153
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The demand for outdoor recreation has significantly increased over the last decade, and along with this the pressure on financial resources required to develop recreational infrastructure in nature areas. Fiscal and regulatory policies to generate the necessary funding are often neither ideologically nor legally accepted in countries where the right of public access applies, which is particularly broad in scope in the Nordics. Local stakeholders are thus reliant on voluntary contributions of visitors as one funding source (Sandell & Fredman, 2010). However, since these are often insufficient to cover the costs of infrastructure development, new strategies are called for to realise the benefits of trail-based recreation in the Nordics, without impeding the right to roam and the welfare of the natural environment (Sandell & Fredman, 2010). Soft policy approaches enhanced with insights from behavioural economics may offer such alternatives (Heldt, 2005). Recent research in this field provides strong arguments that consideration of social and psychological factors can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of soft policies (Avineri, 2012; Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). Behavioural theories like the Norm Activation Model (Schwartz, 1977), Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 2012), and Conditional Cooperation (Frey & Meier, 2004) have thus increasingly been used to study different pro-social behaviours and to inform policies accordingly (Testa et al., 2018). Despite their success in various field, behaviourally informed policies are still rare in the management of nature areas.
Call Number Serial 4268
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Author Arklina, A.,
Title Synergies between youth and biosphere reserve. Case of North Vidzeme Biosphere reserve, Latvia Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 204-205
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The COVID-19 pandemic proved that natural areas play an important role in human daily life and even more in their leisure time activities. Managing institutions of specially protected areas are paying more attention to planning tourism infrastructure without harm to the environment and show members of society, especially youth, that these areas are open for people.More and more questions have been raised about young people and their motivation to visit protected natural areas in order to raise awareness and ensure nature protection in the future (Egan, 2016). It is important to understand why travelers go to visit nature tourism attractions and what influences their decision or motivation to go there in order to be able to prepare and offer an appropriate service.
Call Number Serial 4292
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Author Jungmeier, M.; Kovarovics, A.; Leitner, H.; Rossmann, D.,
Title Managing emerging patterns of outdoor recreation – The example of Nockberge Bio-sphere Reserve, Austria Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 198-199
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple aspects of human-nature interactions and relationships. In protected areas, for example, the significantly reduced or altered visitor frequencies of the anthropopause (Rutz et al., 2020, p. 1156) have opened up the possibility of observing the influence of tourism and visitor behaviour on wildlife. Yet, the pandemic has increased the pressure on many natural sites and protected areas. An inquiry on European protected areas identifies overcrowding, a new profile of visitors, problematic behavior, and conflicts between different user groups(McGinlay et al., 2020, p. 1) as corresponding problems. This gives measures for the precautionary proactive management of visitor flows and tourism activities a new relevance.
Call Number Serial 4289
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Author Rice, W.; Pan, B.,
Title Using Googles Mobility Data to understand park visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A note of caution Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 76-77
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted park visitation around the globe. In an effort to understand the factors influencing these changes, numerous attempts have been made to use big data to monitor changes in park use (e.g., Venter et al., 2020). Googles Community Mobility Reports represent a dataset with significant potential in this regard. Released in April 2020, these reports were generated on the hypothesis that aggregated, anonymized data could be helpful [to] make critical decisions to combat COVID-19 (Fitzpatrick & DeSalvo, 2020, para. 1). The heading on the reports website asks browsers to see how your community is moving around differently due to COVID-19 (Google 2020b). The data released through the reports are generated from aggregated, anonymized sets of data from [Google] users who have turned on the Location History setting, which is off by default (Google 2020b).
Call Number Serial 4232
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Author Fredman, P.; Wolf-Watz, D.,
Title Impact from Covid-19 on outdoor recreation in Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 84-85
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Covid-19 outbreak has brought about radical changes for societies, individuals as well as the environment. Concerns about the infection and strategies to deal with it, including restrictions on travel and social interaction, have dramatically altered many peoples lives. This includes also recreation in the outdoors as well as environmental impacts, following from crowding, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the unique situation following the Covid-19 outbreak, it is of interest to study how outdoor recreation has changed and reflect upon possible environmental effects these changes may bring. We do this by asking the following questions; 1. Has participation in outdoor sports changed during the pandemic and why? 2. How has participation changed with respect to; transport and mobility, use of land and water, use of material and equipment, involvement in events, social values, motivation and meaning? 3. What are the potential environmental consequences, and opportunities, following the pan- demic? The study focuses on outdoor recreation participation in Sweden during the first months of the pandemic.
Call Number Serial 4236
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Author Siegrist, D.; Bonnelame, L. K.,
Title Zero impact nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 358-359
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The climate crisis is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Tourism can also make an important contribution to solving these problems (Lenzen et al. 2018). Nature-based tourism is thereby of particular importance. This is especially because it is generally viewed as a more ecological version compared to other forms of tourism. Nature-based tourism offers a lot of experience in the field of sustainable development. In addition, it represents a growth in tourism worldwide (Haukeland et al. 2021). It is now a matter of further developing this form of tourism into a zero impact nature-based tourism.In 2015, as part of the Paris Climate Agreement, the international community decided to limit the average global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius increase in temperature in order to prevent the most catastrophic damage to the climate (IPCC 2018). In the wake of the Paris Climate Agreement, numerous countries have announced that they want to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050 at the latest. These climate goals result in a special challenge for tourism, which contributes significantly to global warming with its greenhouse gas emissions on a global level as well as in individual countries (Loeh, Becken 2021).For tourism as a whole, the question arises as to which function it should play within the framework of the internationally established net zero goal. On a global scale, climate-damaging air traffic represents the greatest challenge for the tourism industry: Will tourism have to cope with significantly fewer flight kilometres in the future? How can the long-distance tourists that are no longer available in the destinations of the global south be replaced? Or will drive technologies for aircrafts be developed in the future that are climate-neutral? At a regional level of tourist destinations, too, a number of extremely relevant fields of action are affected with regard to climate protection. Mobility also plays a central role here, but there are also major challenges for the hotel industry and other areas with high greenhouse gas emissions (Gössling 2021).
Call Number Serial 4358
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Author Machida, R.; Aikoh, T.; Take, M.; Matsushima, H.; Yasushi, S.; Mikami, N.; Mitarai, Y.,
Title Volunteer activities for semi-natural grassland conservation in Japan and the impact of COVID-19 on these activities Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 64-65
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The changes in the landscape are caused by the economic and social forces of the early 19th century and particularly of the 20th century (Matej M., Frantisek P., 2013). The community of Nezasa (Pleioblastus yoshidake) and Susuki (Miscanthus sinensis) plants forming the typical semi-natural grasslands of Japan used to cover approximately 10% of the land of Japan until the 1930s. The semi-natural grasslands have been managed by local agricultural activities such as controlled burning, mowing and pasturage for over 1000 years, but recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue. In the Second National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan, the Japanese government designated such landscape crisis as Crisis 2, which is “the degradation of Satochi-satoyama (rural landscapes formed by sustainable use of natural resources) due to insufficient level of management”.(Ministry of the Environment, 2012). But recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue.
Call Number Serial 4227
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Author Botelho, A.Z.; Costa, A.C.; Parente, M.I.; Torres, P.; Borges, P.; Nunes, J.C.; Ventura, M.A.,
Title Seascapes in the Azores: from tourist perception to site evaluation Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 180-181
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Archipelago of the Azores has a high potential for tourism differentiation at an international level due to its distinctive and unique characteristics and natural beauty. Seascapes have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value (Atkinson et al., 2011), although seldom subjected to assessments. Additionally, marine geological heritage has been only occasionally exploited by Azorean companies, mostly because there is a lack of data about underwater geodiversity, geological heritage, and its valuation, for recreational purposes. This study (within the project SCAPETOUR – SeaSCAPEs promotion to diversify TOURistic products) aimed to analyze visitors perception regarding the importance of seascapes features and their value, more specifically: a detailed and full characterization as well as sectorial analyses of selected coastal and underwater trails for tourism and a valuation of seascapes for tourism and conservation purposes, including visitors perception regarding the seascape features. In the context of species conservation and ecosystem protection, it is important to increase users and stakeholders knowledge on the natural value of the assets to promote sustainable use of the ocean and marine life.
Call Number Serial 4281
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Author Hochreutener, A.; Pachlatko, J.; Wyttenbach, M.; Boldt, A.; Rupf, R.,
Title Aletsch Forest in the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch: changes of visitor flows and vegetation in the last ten years Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 192-193
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) The Aletsch Forest in Switzerland lies within the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch and is one of the oldest of its kind. The 410 ha large forest is protected as a cantonal forest and nature reserve as well as a federal wildlife reserve. The private nature conservation organization Pro Natura manages the area on behalf of the canton of Valais. Recreationists greatly value this pristine nature and each summer many people visit the forest. Management of the Aletsch Forest therefore faces the challenge of finding a balance between use and protection. Utmost priority has the undisturbed natural development of the forest. It is prohibited to leave official trails or resting areas. Still, a sustainable recreational use should be possible. To navigate between these demands and to make effective visitor management decisions, the area management needs empirical data to characterise recreationists (Clivaz et al. 2013) as well as the natural setting (Stankey et al. 1985).
Call Number Serial 4286
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Author Puhakka, R.; Pitkanen, K.; Oinonen, I.,
Title Does nature support the integration of immigrant youth? A study on adolescents in the city of Lahti, Finland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 328-329
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Successful integration of immigrants has been identified as the key for future social and economic well-being in EU. In Finland, a great share of the recent immigrants consists of people who have come to Finland as asylum seekers from countries whose cultural and natural environment is different from the Nordic countries. Nature has traditionally played a central role in the Finnish identity, although there are signs of polarisation in relation to nature among younger generations (Hakoköngäs & Puhakka 2021).Meanwhile, it is increasingly recognised that contact with nature promotes psychological, physiological, and social well-being and health (Keniger et al. 2013). Contact with nature can play an important role for social cohesion and immigrant integration (Jay & Schraml 2009). Green spaces seem to be especially important for immigrant youth to make contacts and friends across cultures (Seeland et al. 2009). Hence, nature can be an important means for integration, but it should also be understood as a resource that should be equally accessible to all (Gentin et al. 2019). Gentin et al. (2019) have suggested that the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of structural and cultural integration that emphasises the importance of equal access to natural environments and knowledge related to nature. Nature is also important for interactive and identificational integration by offering a platform and means for social interactions and a meaningful target to form emotional bonds with other people and places. This study applies the framework of integration (Esser 1999; Gentin et al. 2019) to study how nature supports the integration as well as the well-being of immigrant youth in Finland. We explore adolescents participation in outdoor recreation and their well-being experiences of and relationships with nature in the city of Lahti. We analyse the differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups to discuss how nature can support the health and well-being as well as interactive and identificational integration of immigrants, and how structurally and culturally inclusive nature is to the youth.
Call Number Serial 4346
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Author Kling, K. G.,
Title Balancing values of accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 318-319
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Spending time in nature and participating in outdoor activities has positive effects on the health and well-being of individuals, and nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation have the potential to provide an appropriate setting to engage in such activities (Farkic et al., 2020; Lackey et al., 2019). Even though our understanding of the benefits of nature experiences is well established, there remains unequal access to nature and nature-based activities among different groups in society. People with disabilities are often excluded from being able to fully participate in nature-based tourism and recreation due to physical and social barriers. There is therefore a need for natural areas to become more inclusive and cater to the needs of diverse groups of visitors (Menzies et al., 2020). The accommodation and adjustment of natural areas so that they become more inclusive for people with disabilities nevertheless entails some contradiction of values, especially between accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience (Corazon et al., 2019; Donlon, 2000). Increased accessibility in, as well as to, natural areas often means expanding infrastructure and improving facilities; actions which can have an impact on visitors perceptions of untouched nature and raise questions as to whether they are compatible with the objectives of nature conservation (Tverijonaite et al., 2018). However, political objectives of accessible nature for all are highly important in the context of social sustainability and social inclusion, and managers and planners of natural areas therefore have to balance these differing values in order to ensure that different interests and expectations are met. This balancing creates a moral dilemma concerning access to nature: who has access and who is excluded, and how should values be prioritised?
Call Number Serial 4341
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Author Wolf, I. D.; Waitt, G.,
Title Wellbeing geovisualization: geographies of difference, accessibility and everyday natures. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 322-323
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Some of the benefits for people whose everyday routines are organized to incorporate interactions with places for nature are well established in the liveable cities literature. Officially designated greenspaces, including parks and reserves, for instance not only play an important role in maintaining biodiversity and socio-ecological functions; they offer urban recreationists the opportunity to exercise, socialize and relax (Torland, Weiler, Moyle & Wolf, 2015; Wolf, Stricker, & Hagenloh, 2015). And yet the multitude of benefits of urban places of nature remains largely understudied (Wolf, Ainsworth & Crowley, 2017). Also places that may be socially constituted as natural beyond official categories of greenspace are often not included when researching the benefits of engagement with places for nature. This project enrolls a participatory geographic information system (PGIS) and specifically visualization to better understand the relationships between everyday natures and wellbeing.
Call Number Serial 4343
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Author Probstl-Haider, U.; Kogler, A.,
Title Second homes in the European Alps – strategies to reduce the significant land take Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 218-219
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Since several decades spatial planning in the alpine area tries to handle the ongoing enlargement of second home areas and the loss of landscape and natural resources. The negative consequences for the local population are well-known and consist of high property prices, limited space availability, gentrification and districts that are only alive on a few days a year. However, the demand is increasing since real estate can be purchased now by all persons which are inhabitants in the European Union. In addition real estate is known to be a safe investment for the future or for retirement. This trend is currently reinforced by low bank interest rates and the effects of the pandemic Covid 19.
Call Number Serial 4298
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Author Singsaas, M.; Gundersen, V.,
Title Tradition and destination: Socio-ecological sustainability and the host-visitor inter-face in second-home development in Norway Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 390-391
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Second homes (SH) are a major form of domestic tourism in many countries, especially the Nordic countries. Nearly 50% of Norways population have access to at least one SH. Over the last 20-30 years, the average SH size has increased significantly (62.2 m2 in 1983 to 96.2 m2 in 2019) and a typical SH now holds very high material standard. Moreover, four times as many SHs were built in 2019 compared to 1983 (6455 versus 1600). In this period, the majority of the second home growth in Norway has taken place in the rural mountain areas (Skjeggedal et al. 2016), placing these areas under a multitude of interrelated pressures; Buildings and activities place local nature and biodiversity under pressure, but in addition the modern SHD trend also places pressure on the host-visitor relationships and land management systems, as well as altering local economies.Compared to other forms of recreation and tourism, Second home developments (SHD) poses particular challenges. SH owners are tourists, and exert similar impact on hosting communities, however, the dwelling use (Paris, 2014) of SHs, characterized by extended and repeated visits, sometimes spanning generations, implies different social, economic and ecological impacts than from other forms of tourism. Covering 39% of the total Norwegian area and 70% of Norways protected land, mountain municipalities are facing negative population trends, decreasing economic opportunities in the traditional industries and low accessibility to important public services. Since the 1990s rural areas have increasingly been portrayed as arenas for post-productivist amenity and leisure production for a growing urban population (Perkins 2006; Overvåg 2010; Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016). With widespread second home developments, intensive tourism developments, and other recreational use, new actors are claiming a stake in the outfields and in local governance (Overvåg et al. 2016). Existing research tends not to have dealt holistically with SH pressures. Despite a growing literature on the challenges mountain communities face (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2010) and the commodifications of rural resources (Perkins 2006, Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016), descriptions and analyses of local inhabitants and SH owners land use practices, experiences and meanings are still scarce. Without a better understanding of the increasing and transforming SH developments and its competing interests, values and practices, the pressures related to SH is likely to intensify, leading to conflicts and hampering ecological as well as economic and social sustainability.As the SH transforms to year-round use and even as a primary residence, the changed and increased recreational practices have put pressure on ecosystems (e.g. wild reindeer habitats), sheep and reindeer herding practices and local nature practices such as hunting and berry picking (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2019). Thus, recent SHD has increased tensions between nature users and nature conservationists and between hosts carrying out traditional local practices and visitors challenging these. While an array of branding and visitation strategies, initiated by national government, are being developed in protected areas throughout Norway, there is a lack of national policies and institutional support for SH management in local communities surrounding protected areas. While protected areas area managed by the State, SH planning lies within the realm of local government. Local authorities are thus in a strong position to guide development, however, asHall and Müller (2004) points out, it can also result in a lack of regional and national consistency in planning guidelines. The double challenge local councils face; few formal tools for visitation regulations outside protected areas, and the distinctive impacts from dwelling SH users, highlights the need for transgressing the current focus on building regulation, to a wider comprehensive planning for social sustainability in addition to economical and ecological sustainability. We therefore look at how SH are incorporated into the strategic planning process at local and regional levels, in ensuring sustainable development of SH in a broad sense. To better understand the degree and implications of these tensions and pressures, there is need to take a bottom-up perspective, looking at the SHD phenomenon by investigating different groups of peoples nature-based practices, their values and expressed attitudes and meanings, to further develop insights of relevance to local as well as national decision-making processes enabling a more sustainable second home development.
Call Number Serial 4372
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Author Kohori, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Tamashima, Y.,
Title Visitors awareness and behavior regarding donations for Mount Ibuki conservation: A comparative study between climbers and car users Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 34-35
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Resource managers seek to protect both visitor experiences as well as natural and cultural resources. There are three main categories of income for the management of conservation resources: societal taxes, toll road charges, and donations. However, donations are less contributive in most cases (Eagles, 2009). In Japan, there are a few compulsory collection systems, and most of them are based on voluntary donations. This study investigated the aware- ness and behavior of visitors with respect to donations for Mount Ibuki conservation and compared them between climbers and car users.
Call Number Serial 4212
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Author Sidder, S.; D'Antonio, A.; Dinkins, J.; Monz, C.; Wesstrom, S.,
Title Exploring landscape-scale social and ecological drivers of backcountry sea kayaker campsite selection in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 186-187
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Researchers and land managers increasingly consider parks and protected areas (PPAs) to be integrated social-ecological systems. To apply social-ecological concepts to recreation research in PPAs, researchers must incorporate both social and ecological factors into research on the drivers of recreation behaviors. This research presents one approach for incorporating social and ecological drivers, at the landscape-scale, into a behavioral analysis by applying movement ecology concepts to understand drivers of campsite selection among backcountry sea kayakers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA).
Call Number Serial 4284
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Author Miller, A.; Blahna, D.; Leung, Y.; Morse, W.; Rowland, M.,
Title The recreation ecosystem: A social-ecological systems application for recreation ecology highlighting wildlife Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 132-133
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (down) Research outside the recreation ecology field investigates the benefits of natural ecosystems on recreationists, benefits of recreation on the protected ecosystems in which it occurs, and negative impacts of ecosystem components on recreation. Other, less common explorations apply ecological concepts to understand recreation opportunities, activities, and behavior. However, empirical research investigating relationships between social and ecological systems in the recreation context within the same research project (e.g. DAntonio et al. 2013) are sparse. A recent review of the recreation ecology literature revealed this scarcity, with only 3.4% of articles considered interdisciplinary (Sumanapala & Wolf 2019). Interdisciplinary research is critical in understanding how social and ecological systems work together in the outdoor recreation context. This gap could be addressed through development of a framework for interdisciplinary studies in recreation ecology.
Call Number Serial 4259
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