| Records |
| Author |
Cessford, G., |
Title  |
Perception and Reality of Conflict: Walkers and Mountain Bikes on the Queen Charlotte Track in New Zealand |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
102-108 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
A variety of social and physical impacts are attributed to mountain biking. In many cases, the perception of these impacts differs from the reality of on-site experiences. This distinction is explored in two ways. First, a brief review of impact issues associated with mountain bikes is carried out. Second, results are presented from a survey of 370 walkers on a multi-day natural track where biking has been allowed on a trial basis. Walker opinions are surprisingly positive toward bikes. These opinions are found to be more positive among those walkers who had actual encounters with bikes. By contrast, more negative opinions were found among those who had no such encounters. Such distinctions between perception of a conflict and the actual outcome from an experience have important implications for park managers responsible for providing a range of different recreation opportunities. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 444 |
Serial |
2285 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Vries, S.; Goossen, M., |
| Title |
Predicting transgressions of the social capacity of natural areas |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
21-27 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Within the urbanized Dutch society, the social function of forests and nature areas is becoming more and more important. The same holds for agricultural areas. However, planning and management tools for this social function are almost absent. This paper presents a tool to be used by policy makers at regional and higher levels. By means of a normative analysis the local supply of and demand for nature-based recreation are confronted with each other. Because of its normative nature, the analysis does not offer a good description or prediction of actual recreational behavior. However, it does offer insight into where, according to the policy norms, the local supply of nature-based recreation opportunities cannot accommodate local demands. The method has been applied nation-wide and outcomes are momentarily used to substantiate spatial claims to develop new recreation areas. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 416 |
Serial |
2271 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Cottrell, S., |
| Title |
Predictive Model of Responsible Environmental Behaviour: Application as a Visitor-Monitoring Tool |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
129-135 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
This working paper presents a framework for understanding responsible environmental behaviour as a visitor-monitoring tool. Visitor use data forms the basis of any successful visitor management plan to understand user knowledge, awareness and attitudes about pollution issues in order to develop management policies and actions that enhance appropriate visitor behaviour. A case study of the application of a predictive behavioural model on the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA involving boater environmental behaviour as a social indicator is discussed. Results indicate that knowledge of water pollution issues, awareness of the consequences, equipment issues such as boat length and boat type, and situational factors that constrain or hinder appropriate behaviour were indicators of appropriate behaviour. A structural equation path diagram model was tested using AMOS student version 4.01 using up to seven of the eight predictors from boating behaviour case study to demonstrate the strength of a path analysis procedure. Results model those of the stepwise regression procedures used in the original study, yet the path diagrams demonstrate ease of interpreting the structural relationships among variables in a regression equation. Implications for management actions in the case study situation are given followed by a proposed researchmonitoring program coupling social science techniques with the natural sciences. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 452 |
Serial |
2289 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Arnberger, A.; Brandenburg, C.; Muhar, A., |
| Title |
Preface |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
I-II |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 383 |
Serial |
2266 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Petrova, E., |
| Title |
Problems of Recreational Use of the World Natural Heritage Territories (Ubsunur Hollow Example) |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
397-401 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Six Russian territories are included already into UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Several more territories have to be included into the List in the near future. The Ubsunuur Hollow that is situated in the very center of Asia on a border between Russian Republic of Tyva and Mongolia will be among them. This place is probably the only one in the world where almost all the Earth nature zones (including the northernmost deserts and southernmost tundra) are met on a relatively small by size territory. Besides one can meet here the unique historical monuments – numerous burial-mounds and stone steles from 2–1 Millenniums B.C. The traditional nomad stockbreeding as well as ecological tourism can develop on this territory as main types of nature use. The tourists could visit the Reserve cluster plots where they could acquaint themselves with the popular traditions and enjoy the nature. Unlike the homelike European regions the nature of the Ubsunuur Hollow has been preserved for the present in practically untouched condition. The remoteness and hard accessibility of this territory don’t contribute to the mass tourist flows attraction. In the future it is planned to organize here the recreational use by small tourist groups that will observe the strict rules of behavior. Large hotels and other massive constructions of the tourist infrastructure won’t be built here. The tourists will move mainly by horses or by feet using the existing roads and paths and will live in tents and yurts. The definite flow of the financial sources will be possible together with the pure educational effect. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 536 |
Serial |
2331 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Nagy, K., |
| Title |
Public Use of the Public Parks and Protected Areas of Budapest |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
271-276 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Based on the series of studies investigating the public uses of various public parks and nature conservation areas of Budapest, a comparative evaluation was prepared which allowed us to quantify the actual recreational role of these two types of green areas in the green area system of large cities. The approach involved on-site interviews with questionnaires and on-site monitoring, with additional urban planning analyses. The results provided direct help in the development of green area management guidelines for cities and in the preparation of future management plans for protected areas. In addition, the results allowed us to develop planning guidelines and a basis for developing new means of environmental awareness raising and education. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 492 |
Serial |
2309 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Itami, R.; Raulings, R.; MacLaren, G.; Hirst, K.; Gimblett, R.; Zanon, D.; Chladek, P., |
| Title |
RBSim 2: Simulating the Complex Interactions between Human Movement and the Outdoor Recreation Environment |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
191-198 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
This paper describes advancements in recreation management using new technology that couples Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Intelligent Agents to simulate recreation behaviour in real world settings. RBSim 2 (Recreation Behaviour Simulator) is a computer simulation program that enables recreation managers to explore the consequences of change to any one or more variables so that the goal of accommodating increasing visitor use is achieved while maintaining the quality of visitor experience. RBSim provides both a qualitative understanding of management scenarios by the use of map graphics from a GIS as well as a quantitative understanding of management consequences by generating statistics during the simulation. Managers are able to identify points of over crowding, bottlenecks in circulation systems, and conflicts between different user groups. RBSim 2 is a tool designed specifically for the purposes of simulating human recreation behaviour in outdoor environments. The software is designed to allow recreation researchers and managers to simulate any recreation environment where visitors are restricted to movement on a network (roads, trails, rivers, etc.). The software architecture is comprised of the following components: • GIS module to enter travel network, facilities, and elevation data • Agent module to specify tourist personality types, travel modes, and agent rules • Typical Trip planner to specify trips as an aggregation of entry/exit nodes, arrival curves, destinations and agents • Scenario designer to specify combinations of travel networks, and typical trip plans • Statistical module to specify outputs and summarize simulation results. This paper describes the RBSim software architecture with specific reference to the trip planning algorithms used by the recreation agents. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 470 |
Serial |
2298 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Yovel, E.; Hersperger, A.M., |
| Title |
Reasonable Illusions: Participatory Planning and Protected Areas |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
412-416 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Popular images of protected areas are among the best known images in the world. They are composed in equal part of myth, hype and rare glimpses into incredible places. These images, of peaceful unchanging areas, disguise the bitter debate over the real purpose of protected areas, and our continually changing relationship with nature and wild places. The use of participatory approaches to plan and manage land, water, and conservation-based interventions is now well established. Today, few projects in natural resource management are funded unless they contain substantial components of community involvement. This is especially true in protected area development where participatory approaches form the entry point for working with local communities and user groups. Despite the increasing numbers of participatory initiatives, few initiatives remain uncontested or non-controversial. This paper offers seeks to suggest why the popular image, a reflection of social values and influences, is important to visitor management in protected areas as a unifying factor. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 542 |
Serial |
2334 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Sumiyoshi, Y.; Uchiyama, K., |
| Title |
Recent Trends of Park Use at Tokyo Metropolitan Area |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
284-289 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Tokyo Metropolitan Government has studying its urban parks since 1982. Several parks are selected in each year, and the parks under study are increasing. The cost has already amounted more than 10 million yen. At 69 parks, the government counted the visitors’ number of the monitoring day and interviewed age of visitors, their way of access, purposes of visit, their impressions of the parks and the requirements of the park management. The results were totaled at each park category. The categories were: A, famous park well facilitated; B, city park with wide. grassy open space; C, sports parks; D, natural forest parks in hilly area; E, historic garden parks with admission; and F, small parks. The density of visitors ranged from 1-200 persons per hectare, and 80% of parks had a density below 50 persons per hectare. The inducement sphere, 80% of visitors accessible, was ranged from 1-50km; the widest radius was observed at the parks with admission and the park at the city center. A frequent arrival of the visitors was observed 1-2 p.m. and the exit was 2-3 p.m. at the historical gardens (E type). The parks, less than 20 hectare, showed the increase in visitor numbers in proportion to the park area. B type park showed the increase of residence time in relation to the park area. Congestion had a bipolar effect on visitors’ satisfaction: each park has its own comfortable visitor density. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 498 |
Serial |
2312 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G., |
| Title |
Recreation in Urban Forests: Monitoring Specific User Groups and Identifying their Needs with Video and GIS-support |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
296-301 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
In the urban forest of Stuttgart the forest roads are used by a growing number of people looking for recreation for their leisure activities. To manage and channel the different user groups within an optimized forest road network needs a lot of information: Number and composition of visitors, demands of different user groups concerning standard of roads and trails they use for their activities, conflicts that may rise between different users using the same road at the same time, dedication of roads to special activities (e.g. fitness trail, hiking trail...). Personal interviews with “experts” were made to obtain information about the specific demands of the different user groups, a new method of video monitoring was used to collect longtime information about number and composition of visitors, and analysis of road network was done with the help of GIS. The results show that these tools complement one another quite well and the combination of obtained data may help to channel visitor flows and to minimize conflicts between different user groups |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 502 |
Serial |
2314 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Visschedijk, P.A.M.; Henkens, R.J.H.G., |
| Title |
Recreation Monitoring at the Dutch Forest Service |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
65-67 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
In 1996 the former Institute for Forestry and Nature Research (now Alterra) started to develop a system to monitor the recreational use of forests and other grounds owned by the Dutch forest service. The aim was to determine the number of visitors, their activities and the percepted quality. This information provides a valuable management tool for targeting of resources. The system uses three methods to gather the information: 1. Monitoring vehicle and bicycle use at the sites by using traffic counters with induction loops installed in the road (all year round). 2. Visual counting of visitors at all entrances (on 12 days during the year). 3. Survey of visitors (on 12 days during the year). When the system is fully implemented their will be a network of 48 sites. All of these will be monitored by using this method once in every 10 years, on average 5 sites a year. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 430 |
Serial |
2278 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Weidinger, H., |
| Title |
Recreational Forest Management: Sustainably Protecting and Improving the Recreational Function of the Vienna Woods |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
302-305 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 504 |
Serial |
2315 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
McKenzie, J.; Katic, E., |
| Title |
Recreational Use and Wildlife Movement near Mountain Park Communities: Integrating Social and Ecological Management Objectives in Banff National Park |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
429-431 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The proximity and easy access to recreational areas are special features of communities in parks and protected areas. In Canada’s Mountain National Parks, communities are often located in valley bottoms that are important habitat for a wide range of terrestrial wildlife. Managing the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational users near park communities presents a challenge for managers faced with the conflicting objectives of providing recreational opportunities while maintaining the quality of habitat for wildlife. To address land use issues between recreational users and wildlife, we develop management objectives that integrate recreational opportunities with wildlife habitat requirements. We outline methods to collect baseline recreation and wildlife data for an integrated land use plan and describe subsequent steps in the planning process. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 550 |
Serial |
2338 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Jackson, S.; Haider, W.; Elliot, T., |
| Title |
Resolving Inter-Group Conflict in Winter Recreation: Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, British Columbia |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
109-114 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, in British Columbia, Canada, is wellknown for its summer historic gold rush hiking route, and is popular in the winter with local residents for skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Park managers implemented a strategy of temporal segregation to mitigate known conflicts between motorised and nonmotorised winter users. This study evaluated the effectiveness of separating users, by monitoring visitor satisfaction and support for the management strategy, and assessing the key differences between user groups within the theory of asymmetrical conflict. The results show that separating users does increase satisfaction for non-motorised users; however, support for controlled access is moderate to low among all users. This study alerts park managers using direct tools such as controlled access, in that dissatisfaction may shift from those who were most affected by the inter-group conflict (non-motorised users) to the motorised group, who are dissatisfied with increased access limitations and loss of freedom. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 446 |
Serial |
2286 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Burns, R.C.; Graefe, A.R., |
| Title |
Segmentation of Outdoor Recreationists: A Comparison of Recreationists’ Perceptions of Importance and Satisfaction Across Activities |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
122-128 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to explore levels of importance and satisfaction with various attributes of customer service among selected segments of outdoor recreationists. The study also examined the nature of the relationships between satisfaction attributes and overall satisfaction. These relationships were tested for four dimensions of satisfaction (facilities, services, information, and recreation experience), across three water-based user groups (ramp users, campers, and day users). This study builds on previous customer satisfaction research conducted by both consumer behavior specialists and recreation researchers. In congruence with previous research on customer satisfaction, many of the constructs associated with quality in a recreation environment are intangible, elusive, and extremely difficult to measure. Study results showed that there are significant differences between different segments of users in reported levels of importance and satisfaction with various aspects of a recreational visit, but the nature of the relationships between the various domains and overall satisfaction varies little across the user segments. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 450 |
Serial |
2288 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Forer, P., |
| Title |
Serial Experiences : Monitoring, Modelling and Visualising the Free Independent Traveller in New Zealand at Multiple Scales with GIS |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
173-179 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
This paper outlines a number of approaches and methodologies, based on utilising itinerary analysis and Geographic Information Systems, which have sought to explore tourism flows and their impacts at a range of temporal and spatial resolutions. As such its basic records are the sequential movement patterns of individual tourists, either from night to night or from stop to stop. It draws from a data base of some 50,000 journeys nationally, and three major regional surveys in Northland, the West Coast and Rotorua conducted between 1997 and 2001. The paper initially deals with analysis and integration issues relating to existing national data sets on international and domestic visitors and their overnight stays. It then describes and critiques the development of map-based sample surveys applied to detailed information on intra-regional flows, with reference to work in both Tai Tokerau (Northland) and the South Island's West Coast. These surveys record the 'informal' stopping behaviour of visitors in greater detail, and allow initial analysis of movement and positioning of tourists at various times of the day. Insights gained from these data are explored, and their relationship to other data sets such as attraction visitation and accommodation usage surveys are reviewed. Finally, the significance of the data for tourism (in areas such as development strategies and impact assessment) and for wider geo-demographic applications are discussed, as are new data collection opportunities for recording itineraries and flows. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 464 |
Serial |
2295 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Gulinck, H.; Dumont, B., |
| Title |
Simulating Visitors’ Dispersion in a Nature Reserve based on a Friction Model |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
187-190 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
A friction model is used for predicting the risk of human penetration of fragile vegetation and bird breeding sites in a nature reserve in central Belgium. The basic components of the study are the terrain classification and the determination of friction values. Different sets of friction values are proposed: based on expert estimation, on walking speed, on energy consumption estimation and on willingness to trespass. The results are compared with spatial data derived from visitor’s observations and interviews. The model is to be improved in a later stage by incorporating the effects of visitor's goals, and of attractors and detractors such as vistas, free roaming cattle or physical challenges. The outcome of this study will be used as basis for the evaluation, and eventually of the redesign, of the current management decisions provided in and around the reserve. Also it should help in following-up the effects of the rapidly changing vegetation and terrain conditions on the behaviour of visitors. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 468 |
Serial |
2297 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Cole, D.N., |
| Title |
Simulation of Recreational Use in Backcountry Settings: an Aid to Management Planning |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
478-482 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Simulation models of recreation use patterns can be a valuable tool to managers of backcountry areas, such as wilderness areas and national parks. They can help fine-tune existing management programs, particularly in places that ration recreation use or that require the use of designated campsites. They can assist managers in evaluating the likely effects of increasing recreation use and the implementation of new management programs. They also can be used as a monitoring tool, being particularly helpful in predicting encounter levels in the interior as a function of easily measured counts of recreationists entering the area. The first backcountry travel simulation models were developed in the 1970s. They were never widely used, however, primarily because simulation runs were costly and difficult. Recent improvements in computer technology have ushered in a new era of travel simulation modeling. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 570 |
Serial |
2347 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Blazejczyk, A., |
| Title |
Some Problems of Tourist Activity in the Tatra National Park |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
417-420 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Tatra Mts. is an unique alpine ridge in Poland.. The whole Polish part of Tatra is a protected area as a national park (Tatry National Park – TNP). Its area is 21,164 ha. Every year 2.5 millions of tourists visit TNP. Tourist activity is one of the factor of nature degradation in Tatras. The most transformed are the areas with the greatest tourist penetration: Morskie Oko lake, Kasprowy Wierch Mt. and Koscieliska valley. The paper presents preliminary results of the studies dealing with the problems of tourist penetration in the Morskie Oko (MO) and Kasprowy Wierch (KW) regions. In the MO area needs and desires of tourists, time budget during stay at the place and tourists’ evaluation of infrastructure were studied with the use of special questionnaires. At Kasprowy Wierch the streams of tourists were observed. The number of tourists on each tourist track crossing KW was accounted. The results of the studies point to great diversity of tourist activity in TNP (making pictures, enjoying nature, walking in the surroundings, climbing, relax). The results can be useful for managing of tourist activity, for making corrections in TNP protection system and for establishing the methods minimising degradation of tourist tracks and its surroundings. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 544 |
Serial |
2335 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Krämer, A.; Roth, R., |
| Title |
Spatial Requirements of Outdoor Sports in the Nature Park Southern Blackforest – GIS-based Conflict Analysis and Solutions for Visitor Flow Management |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
33-39 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 420 |
Serial |
2273 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Rauhala, J.; Erkkonen, J.; Iisalo, H., |
| Title |
Standardisation of Visitor Counting– Experiences from Finland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
258-263 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
In 2000 we started to test visitor counters for the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland, in the Teijo Hiking Area. At the same time we tested both an appropriate method for visitor counting and counting equipment. Encouraged by this experience, we started systematic visitor counting in nine southern national parks in 2001. Traditional everyman's rights (right of public access) guarantee all people – Finnish or otherwise – free access to Finland's forests, whether the forests be privately or publicly owned. This makes reliable visitor counting difficult, but at the same time extremely challenging. The main reason for visitor counting is the fact that the total number of visitors is not known well enough in protected and recreational areas. We also need to have comparable and reliable visitor information from different types of area and in the long run we need to know the trends as regards the number of visitors. Besides being very important for Metsahallitus itself, the reliable estimates we are able to produce are also of great regional significance. Visitors can be counted by electronic and mechanical counters of different kinds. We have four types of counter in use. Three electronic types can be used in trail and traffic counting and also indoors. In addition there is one mechanical type which can be used indoors, for example. At the moment the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland have about 40 counters in use. Each counter calculates visitors somewhat differently, depending on the installation of the counter, its placement and the quality of the counter. Also, different weather conditions may affect the counters. For these reasons, each counter must be calibrated independently, after which each counter has its own coefficient. After calibration one can calculate the counter’s final result. Thereafter it is possible to calculate the estimated total number of visitors in a specific area. Metsahallitus also carries out visitor counting in other parts of Finland, but not yet as systematically as in southern Finland. Naturally there is a connection between visitor surveys and visitor counting, as both qualitative and quantitative information is important in planning and management processes. This paper presents practical experiences of visitor counting from the Finnish perspective. The presentation deals with the process of planning visitor counting, the special equipment needed in counting and ways of transforming the figures from the calculators into estimates of the number of visits in a specific area. In addition, the results of a pilot study from the Teijo Hiking Area are presented as a case. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 490 |
Serial |
2308 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Erkkonen, J.; Sievänen, T., |
| Title |
Standardisation of Visitor Surveys – Experiences from Finland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
252-257 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
A visitor survey standardisation project was conducted in 1998-2000 in Finland. The visitor survey standardisation project was part of a large national outdoor recreation demand and supply inventory (LVVI). There are two reasons for the standardisation of visitor surveys. First, it is possible to collect comparable information from different kind of areas. Moreover, the information gathered can be combined on a national level. Secondly, standardised measurements assure long-term monitoring of behavioural changes in each studied area. The visitor survey standardisation project developed a standardised questionnaire for the most important information gathered with the help of visitor surveys, that is visitor profiles, activities, distribution of use by area, distribution of use by time, duration of the visit, expenditure of visitors and information on visitor satisfaction and motivation. It is recommended that the data collection be carried out by means of self-conducted questionnaires. The project produced a visitor survey manual and a Microsoft Excel application for computing descriptive results in order to encourage the personnel of recreation areas to conduct visitor surveys independently. The implementation of standardised visitor surveys is mainly carried out by Metsähallitus (Forest and Park Service) which manages the majority of the state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas in Finland. At the beginning of 2002, there were 33 national parks, 7 state-owned hiking areas and some 400 other protected areas. About two million recreational visits take place annually in state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas. The number of recreational visits seems to be on the increase. All together 22 different visitor surveys have been conducted in state-owned areas in the last few years. The results of some of the surveys have almost immediately been used in management and planning of the area in question. In general, there is increasing understanding and interest in the use of visitor information as a tool in decision making: services can be improved to meet visitor expectations better and scarce resources can be allocated more effectively. Along with visitor surveys, systematical visitor counts have recently been started using electronic trail and traffic counters, guest books or manual counters in several protected and recreational areas. At the moment, the next step will be to develop a national database of the collected information, and also to develop good practice in order to benefit from the information on a national level. This paper discusses, firstly, the structure and type of information that is needed from a visitor survey, secondly, how to conduct a visitor survey as a routine method in planning processes, and the framework within which visitor information can be utilised in planning and management. Thirdly, the Finnish experience of the benefits to be gained by using a standardised model for conducting visitor surveys is discussed. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 488 |
Serial |
2307 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Haider, W., |
| Title |
Stated Preference & Choice Models – A Versatile Alternative to Traditional Recreation Research |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
115-121 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
In outdoor recreation research and visitor management applications, stated preference and choice methods have not enjoyed the same amount of popularity when compared to other directions of applied research. This is somewhat surprising considering the fact that decisions that managers of protected areas and outdoor recreation in general face are typically multiattribute in nature and require an understanding of the trade-offs that decision-makers of clients are willing to make. This paper provides an overview to stated choice research by explaining the essential considerations during the design and analysis of this approach. The various stages will be explained on hand of a simple example. Then the versatility of the approach will be demonstrated by discussing research design options in more detail. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 448 |
Serial |
2287 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Weissen, A.; Götz, A., |
| Title |
The Contribution of the Alpine Convention to Nature Conservation and Visitor Flows Management |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
407-411 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The Alpine Convention, entered into force in March 1995, is an international treaty that obliges eight countries and the European Community to undertake specific measures for the protection of the natural and cultural heritage and for the sustainable development of the Alps, the largest and highest mountain region in Central Europe. One of the twelve Protocols for the implementation of the Convention is dedicated to “nature protection and countryside conservation”. It highlights the importance of protected areas and the necessity to manage human activities in order to reduce negative impacts and to guarantee biodiversity and natural processes. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 540 |
Serial |
2333 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Findlay, C.; Southwell, K.; Ward Thompson, C.; Salheen, M.; Aspinall, P., |
| Title |
The Effectiveness of Wayfinding Systems with Forest Users |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
328-334 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Forest wayfinding systems include the sources of information, content and presentation, that potential visitors use to find forest sites and maximise their experience of forest recreation. This paper presents original research from an on-going user-led study of signage at forest recreational sites across the UK, and is part-funded by the Forestry Commission. Research methods used in the study included structured interviews with forest users, a signage audit, observation-based behavioural studies and exploratory work with space syntax. The starting point for the study was an apparent low rating of satisfaction with road signs by visitors to Forestry Commission sites in annual visitor surveys. Signs are “…the most visible manifestation of corporate face” and function to “…provide reliable and accessible information to encourage and welcome visitors” (Forest Enterprise Signs Manual, 1997). Good signs also form part of a positive perception of woodlands (Burgess, 1995) and may be considered within the context of removing barriers to the use of the countryside by disabled people and socially excluded groups. The research found evidence that there were some problems with forest wayfinding, but that these problems are related more to the context, content and location of signs, rather than the materials and details of sign design. More consideration needs to be given to identifying the minimum but key information needs of users at key locations within the forest site. Signs are costly to design, construct, install and maintain, and a crucial concern must be to provide the minimum information for maximum benefit, based on what the user needs to know at each stage of the journey and forest experience. The study also highlighted the role of signage in site promotion, visitor expectations, conflicts between different user groups and accessibility of information. A model for signage to satisfy visitor information needs was developed. The results presented here cover phase 1 of the project and it is anticipated that the methodology developed during the research will have practical applications in evaluating and developing new signage systems, and the training of forest and other recreational site managers. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 512 |
Serial |
2319 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Uzun, A.; Yesil, A.; Ozsul, Z., |
| Title |
The Planning of User Flows in Istanbul Groves for Sustainability in Natural Structure |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
290-295 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The greenness of Istanbul Bosphorus, except its natural vegetation, is gathered in its parks, gardens and groves. The greenness of the Bosphorus identifies itself with the groves that also have great monumental value. Today, in Istanbul, there is a great number of groves that belongs to either governmental or private institutions. Recently, these groves have experienced increasing pressure from the great number of visitors and their potential use. The latest inventories indicate that existing use patterns of the natural resources of groves affect the trees and plant diversity negatively. Overuse of specific sites causes damage to vegetation especially for exotic plant species that are rarely found in Istanbul. This paper is aimed to describe progress on a system that enables optimal dispersion of use patterns and sustainable use of the groves for future protection. The “User Inventory for Istanbul Groves” was developed to include periodic user observation and user survey in order to maintain groves effectively. For this reason, the computer technology is used as an evaluation tool for examining the user survey results and physical data of the groves that concentrate especially on Yildiz Grove. For the purpose of the study, Yildiz Grove is divided into different zones based on the physical conditions and potential use patterns of the grove and a system is developed that depends on sensitivity for usage. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 500 |
Serial |
2313 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Lukac, G., |
| Title |
The Visitor Flows and the Bird Communities in the Paklenica National Park, Croatia (between 1997-2001) |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
78-83 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The paper shows the visitor flow in the Great Paklenica canyon, the most visited part of Paklenica National Park. This area is the greatest climbing center in Croatia. About 500-800 visitors reside on average in this area daily from mid-April to the end of October. The maximum number of visitors, 90.000, was reached in 2001. Up until now we have noted more than 200 bird species the National Park area, and between 1997 and 2001 we have recorded 56 species breed in the Velika Paklenica canyon. This most visited canyon, is known as the breedding area of 18 rocky bird species, such as as Peregrine Falcon, Short–toed Eagle, Kestrel, Rock Partridge, Eagle owl, Rock Dove, Alpine swift, Raven, Rock Nuthach, Blue Rock Thrush, Rock Thrush, Crag Martin, House Martin, Red-rumped Swallow, Black Redstart, Black-eared Wheatear. One pair of Golden Eagles moved to an inaccessible area of the Mala Paklenica canyon. The small colonies of Griffon Vultures have ceased to exist in the National Park. The Egyptian Vulture have disappeared from Croatia at the end of the 1980-ties. This paper discusses the influences of visitor flows, climbing and other recreational activites on the breeding bird communities. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 436 |
Serial |
2281 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Gokhelashvili, R.; Gavashelishvili, A.; Javakhishvili, Z.; Azniashvili, L., |
| Title |
Tourism Infrastructure Planning in Tusheti National Park of Georgia |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
74-77 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
This paper provides an example of using biodiversity information for tourism infrastructure and management planning in national parks to avoid conflicts between nature conservation, recreational goals, and other users. Within the area of the proposed Tusheti National Park in Georgia, we used field survey data of seventeen focal species within a GIS analytical environment to assess the consistency of planned management categories zoning and administrative and visitor infrastructure (including tourist trails) with biodiversity conservation requirements. A map, comprised of layers for each focal species, was overlaid onto maps of proposed zoning, infrastructure and tourist trails. Numerous conflicts in planning were detected and recommendations were made to improve zoning and infrastructure planning in the national park, and to minimize negative effects of tourism on biodiversity conservation. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 434 |
Serial |
2280 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Mast, U., |
| Title |
Towards Quality Rural Tourism in Alpine Recreational Areas in Europe: Integrated Quality Management of Rural Tourist Destinations & Presentation of a Case Study in Bregenzerwald, Austria |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
390-396 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The rural recreation areas of Europe provide a wide variety of experiences and attractions for the visitor. Domestic and international visitor flows mostly from conurbations are turning to countryside destinations for holidays in increasing numbers. There are changes in the length and type of visits sought and there is a rapid growth in alternative recreational outdoor activities world wide and thus the alpine rural areas have to be ever more competitive and have to concentrate on sustainable development. At the same time there is an increasing need to be sensitive to both the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the economy, the environment and the local communities. Integrated quality management is an approach to focus on quality by putting suitable management in place, to ensure that visitors have a special experience, meeting or exceeding their expectations while maximising the benefit to the destination and while managing visitor flows. This approach is explored here and the main issues that are discussed, are based on a case study in the Bregenzerwald, Vorarlberg. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 534 |
Serial |
2330 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Ziener, K., |
| Title |
Types of Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
467-473 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation vary in their causes, development and impact as well as in the people or groups involved and finally in the strategies and methods of resolution. They are neither generally avoidable nor can they be solved in an absolute way. However, most of them can be moderated by communication and discussion. The conflicts in national parks or biosphere reserves do not develop independently of each other. Usually several conflicts exist at the same time, in the same region and maybe between the same people. Therefore strategies of park management should be directed not only to an isolated conflict alone but to the entire system of conflicts in the region. Predicting and examining conflicts can help to avoid or reduce severe conflicts. The typifying of conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation in national parks or biosphere reserves can be used to describe relations between conflicts and strategies of solutions. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 565 |
Serial |
2345 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
McVetty, D., |
| Title |
Understanding Visitor Flows in Canada's National Parks: the Patterns of Visitor Use Study in Banff, Kootenay, and Yoho National Parks |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
46-52 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Parks Canada and its stakeholders are seeking to better understand visitors’ movements, behaviour, and motives to support ecological integrity and sustainable tourism. Traditional market research describes these dimensions one at a time, but few studies have focused on the segmentation needed to addresses all three dimensions together. This study develops a complex visit typology and compares its practical value to a more common segmentation approach: visitor origin. Results suggest that both approaches have practical value, but that the post hoc visit type approach is more useful as a management tool for describing visitor movements. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 424 |
Serial |
2275 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Lawson, S.; Manning, R.; Valliere, W.; Wang, B.; Budruk, M., |
| Title |
Using Simulation Modeling to Facilitate Proactive Monitoring and Adaptive Management of Social Carrying Capacity in Arches National Park, Utah, USA |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
205-210 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Recent research and management experience has led to several frameworks for defining and managing carrying capacity of national parks and protected areas. The process outlined in contemporary carrying capacity frameworks embodies the principles of adaptive management. That is, management decisions are guided and adapted within these frameworks by monitoring indicator variables to ensure that standards of quality are maintained. The objective of this study was to develop a computer simulation model to estimate the relationships between total park use and the condition of indicator variables. In this way, simulation modeling might facilitate proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity of parks and protected areas. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 474 |
Serial |
2300 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Ivy, M.I., |
| Title |
Video Monitoring Visitors as a Management Tool: Identifying the Issues |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
483-483 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 572 |
Serial |
2348 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Prokic, S., |
| Title |
Visitor Flows in National Parks and other Protected Areas of Serbia: Case Studies of Proper and Improper Practices |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
402-406 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The principles of management in the protected natural areas of Serbia are defined by the Environment Protection and National Parks Acts of the Republic of Serbia. Even though these laws were adopted by the Parliament as early as 1991 and 1993, respectively, their implementation is not performed in an equal manner in all the protected areas. According to these laws, the tourism in such areas is not primarily considered as an activity of economic/commercial character, but as one of the environmental principles. It is supposed to contribute to the protection and development of the national parks and nature reserves by promotion and presentation of the natural and cultural values. The role of such tourism in the environmental education of the general public is also of paramount importance. The Ministries of the Environment and Tourism of the Republic of Serbia have brought in 1998 the Action Plan for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Protected Natural Areas. On this basis, the Minstry of the Environment has also brought the Action Plan for Sustainable Management of Hunting Grounds and Game Fauna in the Protected Natural Areas. In addition to a brief survey of the above legislation, some case studies are presented of both positive and negative practice in performing the management of the protected natural areas in this respect. The case studies relate to the Nature Reserve „Begej – Carska Bara“ and the National Park „Kopaonik“ as the two extreme examples of the corresponding approaches. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 538 |
Serial |
2332 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Rudolphi, W.; Haider, W., |
| Title |
Visitor Management and Ecological Integrity: One Example of an Integrated Management Approach Using Decision Analysis |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
143-149 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
In this paper we argue in favor of using a decision analysis framework for more integrated decision-making when managing protected areas. Such an approach will enable agencies to balance between the frequently conflicting goals of visitor management and ecological integrity. We present a case study from the West Coast Trail in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, BC, Canada, in which we use ELECTRE and AHP to establish a ranking of several management options. We conclude by suggesting that such a more formal framework constitutes a more objective decision support tool, assists in framing relevant management questions and tradeoffs, and at the same time provides guidance for data collection. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 456 |
Serial |
2291 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Schneider, P.; Pröbstl, U.; Fürnrohr, G., |
| Title |
Visitor Management and Ecological Monitoring in Austrian, Italian and Bavarian Skiing Resorts by Adapting the EU-Eco-Audit |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
359-363 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
The problems in skiing resorts caused by winter sports and agriculture and summer touristic land use are well known. They mostly found upon sensitive ecological conditions, building measures, deficiencies in visitor management and an overlapping land use during summer. A new possibility to face and to decrease these problems will be presented within this article by the EU-Eco-Audit. Examples from Italy, Germany and Austria show starting points for valuation, deduction of objects for environmental development and suggestions for an environmental management system. A future-development should be influenced by an auditing process which is supported by the enterprise and to environmental concerns set up in business, what should be further developed. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 522 |
Serial |
2324 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Gätje, C.; Möller, A.; Feige, M., |
| Title |
Visitor Management by Visitor Monitoring? Methodological Approach and Empirical Results from the Wadden Sea National Park in Schleswig-Holstein |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
68-73 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
Even today monitoring in most large nature reserves is mainly concerned with ecological environmental observations. Socio-economical parameters and special parameters concerned with tourism are rarely part of such programmes. This is not the case in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park (SH-WSNP). During an extensive ecosystem research project the necessary basis for a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Wadden Sea was made. The local population and economy of the Wadden Sea region, especially tourism, played an important role in the project right from the start. The knowledge gained by the project was used as a basis for the revision of the national park law and in the concept for an interstate monitoring programme for the Wadden Sea. The three modules of the socio-economic monitoring (SEM): SEM-Regional, SEM-Trend and SEM-Poll document the, for Germany, unique and thus innovative character of this monitoring programme which is orientated towards comprehensive data collection and assessment. Extensive experience with different methods and results of the quantitative and qualitative monitoring of visitors were gathered during a three year test phase. The possible use of the results for an optimisation of the management of visitor flow in and adjacent to the National park and for more targeted information and public relations work are discussed. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 432 |
Serial |
2279 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Pekny, R.; Leditznig, C., |
| Title |
Visitor Management in the Wilderness Area Dürrenstein, Lower Austrian Kalkalpen |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
84-88 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
With its approx. 2.400 ha, the wilderness area Dürrenstein lies in the south-western part of Lower Austria in the northern Kalkalpen. The primary objective of this protected area, which is aiming at being recognised as Category I of the IUCN guidelines (Eastern part: Ia – strict nature reserve and Western part: Ib – wilderness area), is the sustainable protection of this region. However, as according to the said guidelines, human disturbance in the wilderness area must be minimised, yet educational opportunities (for Ia) and the well-being of visitors (for Ib) are part of the criteria for the mentioned categories, there could be potential conflicts between nature protection objectives and the activities resulting from an educational and recreational obligation (visitor management and guidance). As part of the LIFE project carried out for the establishment of the wilderness area, visitor surveys were made. They showed that the area around the Dürrenstein was mostly a regional recreation area. The number of visitors has remained widely the same in the last 50 years despite slight fluctuations. An increase in the level of popularity of the protected area, following the Category I recognition, could alter the situation. A possible consequence of a larger number of visitors would be the effect on habitats i.e. a disturbance of the wild animals living in the wilderness area. In particular hoofed game, red deer, deer and chamois but also rare birds such as capercaillie or black grouse could be affected. The result of increased disturbance is species extinction or in the case of hoofed game (forest)ecological damage, which cannot be tolerated in such a small wilderness area. In order to counteract the negative effects of a positive visitor development in the wilderness area, appropriate standards must be set for visitor management. For this, measures for visitor guidance should not only be applied inside the wilderness area, but also partly in its forefield. Only thus may the demands of nature protection on an effective visitor management be met. Therefore, basic – from the point of view of the protected area management, very moderate – principles were fixed for the wilderness area itself: • Visitor information on the protection objective • Monitoring of the development of the recreational use • Gentle guidance instead of orders (marked trails) • Discussion of arising utilisation conflicts with all parties concerned. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 438 |
Serial |
2282 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Arnberger, A.; Brandenburg, C., |
| Title |
Visitor Structure of a Heavily Used Conservation Area: The Danube Floodplains National Park, Lower Austria |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
7-13 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
National parks in close proximity to large conurbations are not subject to the normal conflicts between conservation and ecological tourism but to those between conservation and urban recreational requirements. The Danube Floodplains National Park, Lower Austria is situated to the east of Vienna, the capital city of Austria, with a population of 1.6 million. Between June 2000 and May 2001, visitors were monitored in the Lower Austrian part of the National Park. An analysis of the results of the interviews, as well as their integration with the results obtained using long-term video monitoring, counts by human observers and route analysis, led to the identification of specific visitor categories with individual behavioral patterns and spatio-temporal distribution. In particular, regular recreational visitors from adjacent residential areas were very concerned about overcrowding and would react to the high visitor frequency through a change in their habits. This alteration of visiting habits would lead to grave problems for the environmental management of the National Park. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 412 |
Serial |
2269 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Arnold, J.R.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Warren, L., |
| Title |
Visitor Use of USDA Forest Service Recreation Areas: Methods and Results from the National Visitor Use Monitoring Effort |
Type |
|
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
246-251 |
| Keywords |
MMV1 |
| Abstract |
One stratum of survey sites in the USDA Forest Service’s National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) effort contains agency-managed elements of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Two related methods are used to estimate the amount of visitation that occurs in these areas. One utilizes annual information on the number of use permits at the sites where these are mandatory; the other employs a double-sampling approach to estimate visitation. In both cases, on-site visitor sampling is required to obtain the information necessary to estimate actual visitation. A few additional questions on the survey enable us to describe visitor demographics, evaluate customer satisfaction, and estimate economic values and impacts of these visits. The presentation discusses development of the sampling design as well as calibration issues for both use estimation methods. A comparison of the statistical accuracy and cost of each is made. Because the sample design is based on the spatial-temporal combination of Wilderness exit points and the days they are open, some analytic adjustment to the sample survey data is required (beyond simple sample means) to get results that describe the visiting population. The analytic framework is presented, along with some empirical results from the first year of sampling at six selected National Forests to give the flavor of the managerially-relevant information we have so far obtained. The presentation concludes with a discussion of how we plan to extend the analysis that can include issues such as developing models of visitor flows and relating visitation levels to perceptions of crowding. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 486 |
Serial |
2306 |
| Permanent link to this record |
