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Author Passold, A.J.; Magro, T.C.; Do Couto, H.T.Z., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Comparing Indicator Effectiveness for Monitoring Visitor Impact at Intervales State Park, Brazil: Park Ranger-Measured Versus Specialist-Measured Experience Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 52-57  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This study was conducted to aid administrators in overcoming some barriers to implementation and maintenance of programs for monitoring visitor impact to Brazilian protected areas. One of the problems refers to continuity in collecting field data due in part to lack of institutional commitment. In order to verify the effectiveness of surveys carried out by park employees, the difference between data collected by park rangers and those collected by specialists was studied so that simple and dependable indicators could be selected. 26 indicators of physical attributes were analyzed for four intensive-use trails at Intervales State Park through systematic sampling of points. Results indicate that the group of rangers produced more homogeneous data than the group of specialists did. Significant differences were more frequent among quantitative indicators. Indicators chosen according to their dependability criterion were: bird sighting and hearing, vandalism to park facilities, rock graffiti, number of damaged or carved trees, number of perceptions of vehicle noise, number of exposed rocks, visible erosion, trail depth, traces of fauna and trash litter.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 290 Serial 2353  
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Author Payne, R.J.; McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Moore, J.; Bradford, L.; Elliott, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Recreation Experience Preferences and Activity Profiles in a Crown Forest Landscape in Ontario, Canada Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 164-170  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The use of public forested areas in Ontario, Canada is governed by the Crown Forest Sustainability Act that directs the management authority, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), to ensure that forest operations co-exist with other uses of the forest, especially recreation and tourism. Implementing these legislative requirements has been difficult for the OMNR: it lacks data on recreation and tourism; it lacks readily available social scientific expertise; and it lacks the necessary integrative model. The larger project of which this work is a part, focussing on the Dog River-Matawin Forest, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario and immediately east of Quetico Provincial Park, is designed to address several of these gaps. This paper seeks to answer two of the many questions concerning how people use the forest for recreation and tourism purposes: what motivates different users and how do those motivations relate to activity profiles. Our findings indicate that four distinct experience preference groups exist among the 1,556 people who used the forest for recreation and tourism purposes. When these groups are compared with four distinct activity profiles, we make connections that, when mapped (a future phase of the work), begin to indicate areas where potential conflicts might occur with forest operations or with other recreation activities. We conclude by noting that, while knowledge about how people use the forest is interesting in itself, both an integrative framework and a scientifically-capable Ministry of Natural Resources are needed if that knowledge is to find its way into management actions to implement the requirements of Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 395 Serial 2405  
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Author Pflüger, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Value based decision making process for strategic visitor management in the Natura 2000 area Lech River Valley, Tyrol Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 299-304  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The Lech valley with the river Lech and its tributaries is an alpine river valley in Austria with a considerable amount of naturally free flowing stretches. The ecological and scientific significance of the Natura 2000 area lies in its high biodiversity and the occurrence of numerous internationally endangered species within the dynamic braided river stretches. Apart from that the area contains a high number of recreational and educational values as well. The area, which is situated within day travel distance of the cities Innsbruck and Munich, is renowned for its biking and hiking trails and its unique water sport opportunities. Nevertheless, most intense impact occurs from the daily use of the local population in the densely populated Lech valley area nearby. Due to its long and narrow shape the protected area is very vulnerable to impacts and therefore, to avoid negative impacts on natural values from recreational use, not only a management plan, but also a visitor strategy has been developed as part of an extensive European Union LIFE funded project. The decision making process for the establishment of the visitor management concept was based on a GIS supported risk analysis: First current ecological and recreational values have been located and assessed. Subsequently hotspots have been defined in areas, where those contrasting values overlay. These hotspots were defined in areas of high ecological vulnerability and high visitor impact from intense recreational use. This hotspot analysis served as a basis for discussion and co-operation with the local population and stakeholders to agree on management solutions. As a result specific management actions were defined and the allocation of visitor infrastructure was planned accordingly. As a response to the need for more detailed information about recreational uses and users a visitor monitoring concept was included in the visitor strategy as well. This paper describes practical planning policies to highlight the need for strategic planning of recreational use in protected area management based on the comprehensible evaluation of the hazard potential from uses and the vulnerability of ecological values.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 308 Serial 2362  
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Author Pouta, E.; Sievänen, T.; Neuvonen, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Profiling recreational users of national parks, national hiking areas and wilderness areas in Finland Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 347-354  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Finland’s national parks, wilderness areas and national hiking areas play an important role in tourism and recreation, in addition to their primary purpose of nature conservation. Very little attention has been paid by research to the factors that influence the use of these state-owned areas by different segments of the population. The results of logistic and negative binomial regression models based on population-survey data indicate that the users of these state-owned recreation areas have a higher than average level of education and are more likely to be white-collar employees. The users were typically enthusiasts of particular forms of outdoor recreation, above all skiing and camping. The availability of state-owned recreation areas in the home municipality increased the likelihood of using them. The number of user days spent in these areas tended to be larger among those whose permanent residence was in eastern Finland or in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. Small-sized household and abundance of leisure time also increased the amount of use.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 324 Serial 2370  
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Author Pröbstl, U., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Monitoring as a prerequisite of assessments in Natura 2000 sites Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 248-255  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Biodiversity is increasingly recognized as an invaluable element of the European heritage. Across Europe, the NATURA 2000 ecological network has been established under the European Community’s `habitats` directive and the `bird` directive. The goal of this network is to provide a strong protection for Europe’s most valuable wildlife areas. If development plans or projects threaten to deteriorate this network or its favourable conservation status, a special assessment is required (see Art.6 of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat directive, called FFH-assessment). When planning a new foot-bridge in a NATURA 2000 site, it became obvious that an evaluation of the possible ecological deterioration is only possible when detailed information about the current and the potential future recreational use is included in the assessment. It will be suggested that visitor monitoring and visitor surveys collect essential background information for the FFH-assessment process evaluating the possible impacts on NATURA 2000 sites. Without such data it would be impossible to determine the potential effects of changes to the recreational infrastructure and its associated uses on protected areas. Therefore, a curriculum for protected area planning that strives to accommodate the legal requirements of the European Community should also include recreation research techniques.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 348 Serial 2382  
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Author Raitio, H., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Opening address Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 4-4  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 8 Serial 2350  
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Author Rammo, M.; Karoles, K.; Maran, K.; Jansen, J.; Almik, A.; Rammo, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Surveys and Visitor Impact Monitoring in Recreational Areas in State Forests of Estonia Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 397-399  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 336 Serial 2376  
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Author Roovers, P.; Dumont, B.; Gulinck, H.; Hermy, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visual obstruction of herb vegetation, defining standards for natural barriers Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 400-403  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract As a result of increasing impact of recreation on natural resources and visitor experiences, wilderness managers often want to control recreational use. However, most of the attempts to alter wilderness recreational use patterns, suffer from a lack of knowledge of visitors’ behaviour they seek to influence. This study concentrated on the effects of ground vegetation on perceived obstruction to recreationists. The aim was to define marginal values for the structure of natural barriers. Ratings by participants (n= 131) on a five-point scale, measured perceived obstruction. These ratings were linked to vertical cover of the vegetation. Analyses indicated a significant exponential relationship between vertical cover and perceived obstruction. A marginal vegetation height of about 54 cm could be identified as having obstructive features. Also the condition of the soil and the presence of irritating species seemed to influence visitors’ judgement. It was concluded that a more intensive use of natural barriers to control recreational use, is a functional alternative with economical and aesthetical advantages.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 338 Serial 2377  
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Author Ryglova, K.; Turcinkova, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Image as an Important Factor of Destination Management Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 355-359  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract For successful development of tourism in a region is a necessary condition to learn planning and using management principals. General characteristics of successful planning can be derived from experiences of their application in advanced countries but must be adapted to specific local regional conditions. Since 1989 (after the “Velvet Revolution”), the Czech Republic has become an attractive destination for many tourists from all over the world – it was a new, unknown and not financially demanding area. In the meantime, this trend has changed and Czech Republic has become a common tourist destination, which cannot exploit this competitive advantage any longer. Nowadays, when the differences between individual countries and regions are diminishing, and the main competitive forces are factors, such as image, which create the power of the “brand” of a particular destination. We can find that “the present tourism industry is formed by battle for destination, where the good brand sells”.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 326 Serial 2371  
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Author Shapochkin, M.S.; Kiseleva, V.V.; Syriamkina, O.V.; Nikitin, V.F., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Mapping the Intensity of Recreation Impact in the NP Losiny Ostrov, Moscow Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 45-50  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract General recreational situation in the NP Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) is analysed. The technique of field observations and computer mapping of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes is described. Corresponding maps are represented and correlated with the location of residential regions, entrances, and basic visitor flows. Five areas of intensive effect of stationary recreation were revealed at the studied territory of ca. 600 ha. In most cases, extreme recreation is thought to be the main reason of forest decline and decrease in recreational carrying capacity. Top-priority areas of landscape improvement were revealed. Maps reflecting the spatial distribution of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes are regarded as an appropriate instrument of territorial planning.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 385 Serial 2400  
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Author Shoji, Y.; Yamaki, K., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Perceptions of the Inscription on the World Heritage List: The Use of Stated Choice Methods Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 305-310  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This study examines how visitors to Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan perceive its inscription on the World Heritage List by applying stated choice methods. Most visitors regarded the inscription as favourable although their willingness to pay indicated that better visitor control and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking opportunity of the inscription. However, the current situation of World Heritage sites in Japan indicates that the domestic management system of natural resources is inadequate to realize these visitor visions. We conclude that the nomination of Daisetsuzan National Park for the World Heritage List should be reconsidered, but only after the Japanese management system for natural resources has been improved.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 310 Serial 2363  
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Author Siegrist, D., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Sustainable tourism and large protected areas – analysis models and success criteria of a sustainable tourism management using the example of the Alps Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 311-317  
  Keywords MMV2, Recreational management of large protected areas, management of ecotourism, analysis of best practice, sustainable regional development, Alpine convention  
  Abstract Within the framework of a sustainable regional development, protected area tourism acquires increasing significance. This applies particularly to peripheral regions, that posess no outlook for economic development. With this background, the question of success criteria for a sustainable tourist management in protected regions was investigated. The example of Austrian nature parks demonstrates, that inadequate cooperation at local level can be an important source of failure. At the same time, a suitable financial framework for successful protected area tourism is especially important.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 312 Serial 2364  
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Author Sievänen, T.; Tuulentie, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Preface Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 3-3  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 82 Serial 2349  
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.; Jensen, F.S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Assessing recreation in the Danish nature – present experiences, towards a future monitoring system Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 58-64  
  Keywords MMV2, Outdoor recreation, recreational use estimates, forest preferences, general public, questionnaire, Denmark  
  Abstract Research on Danish forest recreation reaches back to the mid-seventies. Two major surveys have been conducted: The Forest and Folk in 1975 and the Outdoor Life ’95-‘98 project. The latter was, in terms of overall objective and chosen methodology, a repetition of the first. Both surveys aimed at collection of base-line information about the recreational life and preferences of Danes and the pattern of use in the Danish nature. Both used a combination of household questionnaires – combined with verbalstatement-cards and photographs – and counting of cars combined with handing out questionnaires at parking-lots in the nature. The present paper presents and discusses the projects and campaigns of the past and looks forward, providing an outline of a future setting of a system for collection of statistical information regarding recreational use of the nature.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 292 Serial 2354  
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Social Carrying Capacity of Canoeists in Austria´s Danube Floodplains National Park Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 256-263  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Increasing recreational activities in National Parks affect natural resources as well as the recreational quality. In the Danube Floodplains National Park, stagnant waters, such as the Stopfenreuter and Spittelauer Arm, are a crucial component for ecological integrity, and at the same time constitute a main visitor attraction. In the summers of 2002 and 2003 a visitor survey investigated the perceived crowding of canoeists and whether the social carrying capacity is exceeded. Results of this study are that the social carrying capacity of this area has obviously been reached at certain times.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 350 Serial 2383  
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Author Szilágyi, Z., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Regulation of Visitor Activities in the DINP Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 202-207  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Thanks to its varied natural and artificial values the Duna-Ipoly National Park (DINP), established as the ninth national park in Hungary is suitable for numerous tourist activities (touring, cycling, horse riding, winter sports, water sports, caving tours, cliff-climbing, flying, fishing, hunting, etc.). Resulting from this, the employees of the national park must reckon with numerous unfavourable environmental effects produced by the tourism and increased by the closeness to Budapest. All of this is intensified on one hand by part of the territory being identical with the outstanding recreation district of the Danube Bend, on the other hand by its coming within the capital city’s recreation zone, due to which establishing the section of visitors is also problematic. Although attempts are made to demonstrate the values in the national park in the interest of avoiding the hazards and developing environmental awareness and ethics, regulation of the visitors’ activities, for the main part, does not take place in a planned manner. In our article, besides disclosing the causes of the disorganisation, we also stipulated the most important principles for solving these problems.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 372 Serial 2394  
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Author Taczanowska, K., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 404-407  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340 Serial 2378  
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Author Takahashi, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Actual condition and problem of visitor use in Jozankei National Forest, Japan Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-68  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Jozankei National Forest, a part of the Shikotsu Toya National Park, is located in a mountainous area about 30 km south of central Sapporo. The forest is managed by selective cutting based on highdensity forest road network. Because of the roads, visitor access is easier than it is in other surrounding forests. From spring to autumn in 2003, visitor flows were monitored at two entrances of the forest road network using Trail Traffic Counter. There was a remarkable visitor concentration in spring and the behaviour of visitor varied at each season. It was considered that the reason for the difference could be the different purposes of visits to the park as well as the characteristics of the forests visited.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 294 Serial 2355  
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Author Thapa, B.; Confer, J.J.; Mendelsohn, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Trip motivations among water-based recreationists Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 208-212  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Empirical research has consistently demonstrated that motivations differ based on participation in various activities, as well as due to the significant effect of other variables. Perpetuating this line of research, the purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of select non-motivational variables on motivations among recreationists on the Gallatin River, Montana, USA. A 15-mile stretch of the river was earmarked for data collection (n=321) in June and July 2000 via river exit interviews. Based on the literature, motivation was operationalized into 9-items using a 5-point Likert scale. Some of the findings highlight that rafters emphasized the status motive, while anglers noted relaxation and solitude. Residents were motivated to participate for social and physical aspects, while tourists noted setting and prestige motives. Repeat visitors were more likely to mention solitude, while first time visitors indicated to watch wildlife, and to tell others about it as key motives. Males were more likely to participate for solitude while females noted that they could tell others about it at home. Recreationists have wide sets of motives, and understanding what individuals seek through recreation can provide useful guidance to a variety of planning and management decisions.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 374 Serial 2395  
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Author Tolvanen, A.; Rämet, J.; Siikamäki, P.; Törn, A.; Orell, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Research on ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism in northern Finland Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 264-270  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract We present preliminary results obtained from a project concentrating on sustainable nature tourism in Northern Finland. Our aims have been to provide information on the ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism by investigating the tolerance of vegetation to recreation and by surveying the attitudes of local people towards nature conservation and nature tourism. According to our results, even low levels of recreational activities have obvious effects on vegetation cover and species diversity. Attitudes towards nature conservation are positive as long as the opportunities of local people to continue the use of natural resources are not restricted, while opinions towards nature tourism are in general positive in the survey areas. To keep nature tourism at both ecologically and socially sustainable level, close cooperation between stakeholders, such as administrators, planners, researchers, and local people is required.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 352 Serial 2384  
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Author Türk, S.; Jakob, E.; Krämer, A.; Roth, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Outdoor recreation activities in nature protection areas – situation in Germany Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 171-177  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Within a research project of the Federal Nature Conservation Agency, the Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environment points out new developments in outdoor activities in several German landscapes significantly used for sports activities. Therefore two different types of landscape analysis were chosen: First the monitoring of selected sports activities in landscapes with special equipment respectively high frequented by sportsmen (top-spot method) and second the recording of the real utilisation of near-natural landscapes (area method). The results of the scientific analytics were combined with sociological knowledge to describe the development of outdoor recreation in different sport activities (e.g.: canoeing, climbing, paragliding or canyoning). Considering these results the possibilities and the limits of modern concepts of guidance are discussed. Convenience offers, the use of police law or the establishment of a new outdoor culture (depending on Scandinavian standards) will attach great importance to minimize stress and interference in natural landscapes. It is shown that the changes in outdoor activities offer the possibility for a sustainable use of the German countryside for recreation as well as for environment.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 397 Serial 2406  
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Author Van Den Berg, C.; Van Bree, F.; Cottrell, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title PAN Parks implementation process: cross cultural comparison – Bieszczady & Slovenski Raij National Parks Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 222-229  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 354 Serial 2385  
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Author Van Wagtendonk, J.W., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Simulation modeling of visitor flows: where have we been and where are we going? Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 127-134  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The Wilderness area Simulation Model was developed in 1972 by Resources for the Future with programming assistance from IBM. It simulates parties moving through a wilderness and records the number of encounters each party experiences. The model has been applied to the Spanish Peaks Primitive Area in Montana, the Adirondack Forest Reserve in New York, the Desolation Wilderness in California, the complex of the wilderness areas surrounding and including Yosemite National Park, the Green and Yampa Rivers in Dinosaur Monument, the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, and the Appalachian National Scenic Trail in Vermont. In its time, the model was a useful tool for establishing the relationship between use levels and encounters and testing management alternatives. As innovative as the model was, recent advances in behavioral science and computer technology have rendered it out of date.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 405 Serial 2410  
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Author Vilas Bôas, R.; Davide, A.C.; Andrade, C.M.R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitors of Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, Lavras (Mg), Brazil: A Management Planning Based on Profile, Perceptions, Needs and Motivations Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 213-220  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The research was carried out in the Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in Lavras city (Minas Gerais – Brazil) and participatory research methods were used in an integrated and iterative way. Results of the specific visitors study has shown that most of people visit the area with a special interest on leisure opportunities. Enjoyment of natural environment, peace and quiet are also important motivations. In a variety of activities, the visitors appreciate relaxing and enjoying the nature, swimming in the waterfall and walking on the trails. Most of visitors exhibited a high level of interest in conservation. In conclusion, this study represents one of the first efforts for providing the local foundation for a comprehensive framework for outdoor recreation management from the perspective of visitors. More generally, the visitor approach taken in this study contributes to a greater understanding of the visitor experience for tourism management in the natural environments.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 376 Serial 2396  
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Author Yamaki, K.; Shoji, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Classification of trail settings in an alpine national park using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 318-323  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Considering trail settings in alpine national parks is important for both conserving nature and maximizing the quality of the experience for visitors. This study examines classifying trails in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from park visitors concerning their preferences for the facility developments, accessibility, and visitor encounters. The responses were classified into four groups according to the preferences expressed for the types of trail settings. The trails were classified according to their characteristics as described by park visitors. The northern part of the park, with easier access and moderate development, was preferred by all groups, and the southern part of the park was preferred only by the those who favored more primitive surroundings.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 314 Serial 2365  
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Author Yuan, M.; McIntyre, N.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Development of a Spatial Values-Based Recreation Planning Framework for Canadian Crown Lands Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 93-99  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Managers of Canadian Crown lands are beginning to recognize that all values the public associates with forests should be given due consideration in management actions. Arguably, recreation and tourism are the least understood values of the resource and typically receive only secondary consideration in management decisions on an ad-hoc basis. This situation partly results from the lack of a systematic framework for recreation management in Crown lands outside of protected areas at either the provincial or the national level. This presentation discusses the development of a spatial recreation planning framework that uses recreation values to assess the effects of various forestry activities. The framework expands upon traditional planning approaches that are primarily supply driven to directly address core user values rather than traditional user preferences. A spatial GIS model was developed that incorporates interactive data layers of the study area including high resolution orthophoto mosaic, forest resource inventory, recreation facilities locations, ROS type classification, activity participation, spatial trip patterns, and recreation values. These data layers are overlaid on the forest management plan that details the harvesting and silvicultural treatments that are planned for the next 20 years. Operation of the interactive model is based on maintaining recreation portfolios, recreation class consistency, and sets of contextualized recreation values. A process is discussed as to how this new framework will provide managers with a tool to evaluate recreation related impacts a priori to resource management actions, and allow the public to ask “what if” scenarios in an interactive mode.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 362 Serial 2389  
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Author Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation Type
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 100-105  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364 Serial 2390  
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Author Absher, J.; English, D.; Burns, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Customer service metrics as a basis for segmentation of forest recreationists Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 61-62  
  Keywords MMV5, customer service, forest recreation management, visitor segmentation  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 264 Serial 2706  
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Author Aikoh, T.; Kikuchi, K.; Shoji, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitors’ attitudes to the collection of voluntary fees in national parks in Japan Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 201-202  
  Keywords MMV5, voluntary fee, entrance fee, usage fee, visitor attitude  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 6 Serial 2768  
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Author Andersen, O.; Gundersen, V.; Strand, O.; Panzacchi, M.; Vorkinn, M.; Fangel, K.; Van Moorter, B., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Wild reindeer interactions with recreationists: estimating spatiotemporal habitat use and potential conflict areas in two national parks in Norway Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 209-210  
  Keywords MMV5, wild reindeer, visitor impact, monitoring, resource selection function model (RSF), conflict areas  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 256 Serial 2772  
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Author Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.; Allex, B.; Sterl, P.; Burns, R.C., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Exploring relationships between visitor motives, satisfaction, recreation quality and attitudes towards protected area management in the Gesaeuse National Park, Austria Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 63-64  
  Keywords MMV5, attitudes, motives, National Park, visitor survey  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 80 Serial 2707  
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Author Arnegger, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Economic effects of tourism in the Souss-Massa-National Park, Morocco Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 238-240  
  Keywords MMV5, national park, nature-based tourism, economic effects, Morocco, Souss-Massa  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 180 Serial 2785  
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Author Atik, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Recreation impact research in Turkish Mediterranean; Studies in Olimpos- Beydaglari National Park Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 31-32  
  Keywords MMV5, recreation impact, Olimpos-Beyda?lar? National Park, Antalya  
  Abstract Recreation is a pleasant activity that people realise as a function of enjoyment, relaxation and refreshing themselves. Recreational activities often take place in natural settings and could create various impacts on the natural environment. Impact is defined as an undesirable change and even the most careful visitor can cause various forms of damage such as soil compaction, alteration of plant cover, disturbance of fauna etc. On the other hand the quality of recreation activity highly depends on the integrity and naturalness of the recreation settings.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 272 Serial 2692  
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Author Beekhoven, J.; Brouwer, M.J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Monitoring of visitor flows and safety in recreational areas around Amsterdam Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 279-281  
  Keywords MMV5, recreation, safety, monitoring, recreational area  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 214 Serial 2802  
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Author Berndsen, M.L., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Staatsbosbeheer’s experiences with demand-driven working Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 83-84  
  Keywords MMV5, demand-driven working, motive groups, recreational area analysis, cooperation, quality, diversity  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 60 Serial 2715  
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Author Bodnár, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Landscape as a motivating factor for tourists Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 144-146  
  Keywords MMV5, landscape protection, tourist motivation, temperament, Hungary  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 166 Serial 2741  
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Author Boeschoten, H., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Staatsbosbeheer, everything nature has to offer Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 13-14  
  Keywords MMV5, relation human-nature, demand-oriented approach, differentiation, participation, co-operation, research  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 220 Serial 2684  
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Author Boonman-Berson, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Invasiveness: the construction of a category and its impact for conservation and recreation practices Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 306-307  
  Keywords MMV5, invasiveness, nature conservation, categories, wildlife  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 140 Serial 2813  
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Author Brandenburg, C.; Tomek, H.; Lexer, W.; Reimoser, F.; Heckl, F.; Muhar, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Mountain bikers in forests and wildlife habitats Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 51-52  
  Keywords MMV5, mountain biker, participatory research, decision process, visitor monitoring, visitor management  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 90 Serial 2702  
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Author Buijs, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title High attachment and poor relationships: how social processes influence the development of diverging views into social conflicts Type
  Year 2010 Publication (up) Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 247-248  
  Keywords MMV5, social conflicts, nature management, national parks, images of nature  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 116 Serial 2789  
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