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Author (down) Gomes, P.; Moura, M.; Mendes, R. N., Ventura, M. A.,
Title Did low-cost companies in the Azores provided an increase in the practice of recreational activities in nature? – Trail Running and Geocaching in São Miguel Island as a case-study Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 54-55
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Natural landscapes are among the greatest tourist attractions all over the world. Nature is a way to re-gain energies from the stress experienced in urban areas. In the Azores archipelago, the nature-based tourism is one of the main touristic products of the islands, according to the Strategic and Marketing Plan for Tourism in the Azores. The liberalization of the Azorean airspace in 2015 to low-cost airlines, helped to boost the tourism industry in the archipelago, with a focus on nature-based activities such as nature sports and adventure events (e.g. MTB and Trail Running epic races). Other landscape outdoor activities such as Geocaching have also developed, the latter reaching about 2000 geocaches placed in many touristic locations of the islands. Here we analyzed two nature sports, Trail Running, a pedestrian run performed on trails in natural areas, with one of the essential elements of this race being the practitioners approach to nature; and Geocaching, which is a treasure hunt of modern times, practiced all over the world, where all it takes is a spirit of adventure and equipment with a GPS receiver, using the coordinates to provide hidden containers (geocaches) and share the experience of your online adventure.
Call Number Serial 4222
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Author (down) Godwin, D.; Hughes, M.; Kobryn, H.,
Title Snorkeller attitudes and behaviours at two popular sites in Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, northern Western Australia. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 138-139
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Globally, coral reefs play various important roles. Despite only occupying ~0.2% of the surface of the ocean, coral reefs are home to diverse species, provide ecosystem services and generate income for millions of people (Cesar et al., 2003). Approximately 18% of all coral reef habitats are in marine protected areas. While marine protected area management commonly seeks to balance conservation and human use, there are ongoing concerns about human activity impacts, including recreational uses like snorkelling. The World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, in northern Western Australia, receives approximately 179,000 visitors annually, with snorkelling rated as the most important and popular recreational activity in the Marine Park (Jones et al., 2011). Although snorkelling is generally considered a low-impact activity, growing evidence suggests that certain behaviours, including fin kicks, brushes, grabs, and sitting, standing or kneeling on corals, may damage coral colonies, which are slow to recover (Webler & Jakubowski, 2016). While previous studies looked at how snorkellers impact Ningaloo Reef, few have looked at behavioural drivers to understand why.
Call Number Serial 4262
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Author (down) Gentin, S.; Praestholm, S.,
Title From idea to practice: potentials and obstacles in engaging volunteers and refugees in nature based integration in five Danish municipalities. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 330-331
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The European Commission has promoted revisiting and developing approaches for the successful integration of migrants all over Europe. One possible response to address this challenge is using nature as an arena for social integration of newcomers, as discussed by Gentin et al (2019). The aim of the project – “Nature friend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” was to enroll new volunteers and test new approaches in integration of refugees and newly arrived asylum seekers through nature based activities. Local groups of the Danish Refugee council in five different municipalities in Denmark participated in the project. The theoretical point of departure was Essers (1999) four basic forms of social integration: structural, cultural, interactive and identificational integration. Based on Esser (1999) the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of: 1) Structural integration describing access to common resources and main institutions of society, 2) cultural integration with aquisition of knowledge and competences, cultural aspects, common practices, general rules of behaviour, 3) interactive integration describing friendships and social interactions, 4) identificational integration with emotional bonds to other groups and places.In this relation, “Naturefriend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” focused on social interactions and language learning (interactive integration), as well as getting to know near-by nature (identificational integration). Further, the work by Rishbeth and Finney (2006) and their focus on novelty and nostalgia was found in the refugees thoughts about the nature-based activities inspired the theoretical understanding of the refugee perspective of this project.
Call Number Serial 4347
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Author (down) Fulton, S.; Donohue, B.; Pearse, J.,
Title Understanding the impacts of road and aircraft noise on avian species richness in Milford Sound, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand: A proposed methodology Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 370-371
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Milford Sound is a tourism hotspot located in the protected natural area of Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Due to its wild landscape, unique views and natural quietness, it is considered one of New Zealands must visit locations for tourists, both national and international. Consequently it received nearly 1 million visitors annually pre-Covid, which is of concern because a number of international studies have shown a link between high visitor numbers and degradation of natural soundscapes. Due to the extreme topography of the park, Milford is quite isolated and only accessible by aircraft and a single road; the Milford Highway. These modes of transport generate a disturbance, not only along the highway corridor, but spatially more expansive due to the nature of aircraft and traffic noise propagation – exacerbated by the topography. Whilst effects of these noise sources on human perceived tranquillity in New Zealand have been and are currently being investigated, no such research has focussed on the impacts to wildlife in this context. Similar studies have been conducted internationally, such as in the United States, that conclude anthropogenic noise has detrimental effects on avian wildlife, such as communication, use of space, reduced reproductive success, and altered species richness. Further to this body of work, our research will focus on the impacts of such noise sources on avian species richness in the New Zealand context, which has been identified as a research gap. This research is imperative due to the unique ecology of New Zealand for which more than 70% of bird and animal species are endemic.
Call Number Serial 4363
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Author (down) Fredman, P.; Wolf-Watz, D.,
Title Impact from Covid-19 on outdoor recreation in Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 84-85
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The Covid-19 outbreak has brought about radical changes for societies, individuals as well as the environment. Concerns about the infection and strategies to deal with it, including restrictions on travel and social interaction, have dramatically altered many peoples lives. This includes also recreation in the outdoors as well as environmental impacts, following from crowding, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the unique situation following the Covid-19 outbreak, it is of interest to study how outdoor recreation has changed and reflect upon possible environmental effects these changes may bring. We do this by asking the following questions; 1. Has participation in outdoor sports changed during the pandemic and why? 2. How has participation changed with respect to; transport and mobility, use of land and water, use of material and equipment, involvement in events, social values, motivation and meaning? 3. What are the potential environmental consequences, and opportunities, following the pan- demic? The study focuses on outdoor recreation participation in Sweden during the first months of the pandemic.
Call Number Serial 4236
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Author (down) Fredman, P.; Haukeland, J. V.; Dybedal, P.; Stokke, K. B.; Forbord, M.,
Title From place-based resources to value-added experiences: Future perspectives on Nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 348-349
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature based tourism is framed and flavored not only by the socio economic conditions of the region where it occurs, but just as much by natural resources and opportunities to make use of them in a tourism context. This session summarizes five years of research on nature based tourism in the BIOTOUR project and discuss future prospect of this sector in the light of a greener economy, more robust communities and sustainable practices. It will also present key content from the recently published book “Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. From place-based resources to value-added experiences”, edited by professors Peter Fredman and Jan Vidar Haukeland.
Call Number Serial 4354
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Author (down) Folmer, A.; Schuurmans, S.; Wielenga, B.,
Title Critical indicators for measuring the support for bird protection among visitors in the Dutch Wadden Sea area Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 210-211
Keywords MMV10
Abstract “Onbekend maakt onbemind” [Unfamiliar makes unloved], is a typical Dutch saying that refers to unfamiliarity with a place, with food or some-thing else, leading to a lack of emotional connec-tion, support and/or care. With this in mind, nine nature organisations in the Netherlands want to increase awareness on the special nature values of World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea area among a broad public, with the overall aim to enlarge support for nature and bird protection. Their campaign is part of a larger multi-faceted project called “Wij & Wadvogels” [“We and Wadden birds”], which is running from 2019 to 2026. The project is unique as it does not only focus on physical measurements to improve the natural habitat of birds (restoration and expan-sion of resting, foraging and breeding places for birds); it also includes the social valuation of na-ture, with the focus on birds. The project aims to offer new sustainable forms of bird recreation which should result in increasing support for na-ture and birds (Vogelbescherming, 2018). This aim underlines the importance of gaining more insight into which aspects contribute to a higher support for nature and bird protection most. In this paper, we investigate indicators which predict support for bird protection among visitors to the Wadden Sea area. These indicators will be part of a monitoring system which moni-tors the effectiveness of activities of the project from 2021 to 2026. Due to the corona crisis, the actual monitoring could not start yet, as the type of visitors was expected to differ significantly from a normal year. Especially the relatively high number of first time visitors was notable. On the other hand, this gave us more opportunities to investigate differences between visitors.
Call Number Serial 4295
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Author (down) Fennell, D.; Moorhouse, T.,
Title Towards a model for the assessment of conservation, welfare, and governance in wildlife tourism attractions Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 130-130
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the absence of appropriate standards to regulate wildlife tourism attractions (WTAs), the treatment of animals is morally justifiable on the basis of what tourists find acceptable. Under this model, there is little motivation for operators to improve standards if tourists do not leave reputationally damaging feedback. Given this current state, the objectives of this paper are twofold. First, we wish to highlight and categorise existing systemic barriers that prevent the operation of a green market for WTAs. Second, we combine knowledge of these barriers with a recently published theoretical framework on animal justice to derive an initial, robust set of practical criteria with which non-expert tourists can externally assess – and accurately represent to other tourists – ethical standards at WTAs. These criteria allow tourists to better understand the scope and consequences of the proper and improper use of animals in tourism, which, in turn, will hopefully induce positive change along governance, conservation and animal welfare lines.
Call Number Serial 4258
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Author (down) Farstad, E.; Haukeland, J. V.,
Title The sharing economy in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism in Innlandet County, Norway Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 404-405
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The sharing economy (SE) refers to an economic model defined as a peer-to-peer based activity of acquiring, providing, or sharing access to goods and services that is often facilitated by a commu-nity-based on-line platform (Ranjbari et al., 2018). SE is growing rapidly, and it is assumed that both new business models and new products based on digital sharing platforms can provide more efficient resource use through increased competition and innovation (NOU 2017:4). Thus, the paper addresses the future role and poten-tials of SE in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based regional tourism in Innlandet County, Norway. SE research has so far been mainly concentrated within urban contexts, whereas there is a shortage of apposite studies connected to sparsely populated regions in gen-eral and to outdoor recreation/ nature-based tourism in particular. Opportunities of the SE in rural areas lie in e.g., provision of shared mobili-ty, accommodations, food, specialized tools and equipment, and personal services such as guiding, courses, and other skilled human resources; needed for recreational stays and activities in nature areas; and availing prosumtion of nature-based assets. SE can be particularly viable in na-ture areas where such resources may be scarce, or where traditional commercial establishment may not be sustainable.
Call Number Serial 4378
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Author (down) Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S.; Martinez, V.D.; Cahill, S.; Casas, J.O.S.; Navarro, M.N.; Gaston, I.R.; Moya, M.D.,
Title Changing visitor influx during the covid-19 pandemic. The case of Serra de Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 106-107
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Proper and effective management of public use in protected natural areas (PNA) is closely linked to having an updated diagnosis of their state. The duty to conserve, implicit in these kinds of areas, requires having sufficient information to justify decision-making. According to Leung et al. (2015), Cessford & Muhar (2003), between a long list of authors, three basic kinds of data need to be considered: 1) the influx of visitors, understood as the total number of users who visit the PNA annually; 2) the recreational, sports and tourist use of the area, which summarizes the number and distribution of user-visits, including the characterization of the different activities carried out during visits; and 3) the profile of the user-visitors. In the case of peri-urban PNAs, such as the Serra de Collserola Natural Park (SCNP), which is also a Natura 2000 Special Area for Conservation (SAC), this kind of information is even more necessary and relevant due to the intense pressure these sites tend to experience, not only in terms of visitor influx but also in terms of the diversity of uses that occur there and also considering their importance from a nature conservation perspective.
Call Number Serial 4247
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Author (down) Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera-Carbonell, S.; Dorado-Martinez, V.; Nogueira- Mendes, R.M.; Iturria, D.; Sola, M.,
Title How many is too much? A methodological approach to determining climbing carrying capacity. The case of Margalef Site – Serra de Montsant Natural Park – Spain Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 196-197
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Protected areas (PA) are key territories for protecting biodiversity while also providing opportunities for human-environment interactions through recreation and tourism, activities that have generally grown all over the world. Over the last three decades, due to the improvement of materials, techniques, and methods of physical preparation, one of the recreational/sports use that has increased considerably in PA has been Climbing that has reached unpredictable popularity and technical levels, increasing pressure and impacts over natural and fragile environments. The Montsant Natural Park, located in the westernmost of the Catalan Pre-littoral range, within the Priorat region, is a special rocky territory with five differentiated climbing areas among which Margalef stands out by being a well known internationally climbing spot with over 1500 routes. This PA that occupies 9.242 hectares, received nearly 166.000 visits in 2020, of which almost 55% concentrated in Margalef area (Farias, Morera & Dorado, 2019). To manage visitation and nature conservation, several carrying capacity frameworks have been developed over the last decades considering all its environmental, social, and economic factors but only a few attempts have been made to operationalize this concept and to transform it into a management tool (Manning 2002). This paper aims to present an adaptation of Cifuentess Touristic Carrying Capacity (Cifuentes,1992), widely applied in the context of trails, to the climbing routes.
Call Number Serial 4288
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Author (down) Falk, M.; Hagsten, E.,
Title Threats to natural world heritage sites from visitors, climate change and transportation: A management perspective Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 356-357
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The UNESCO list of World heritages includes both cultural and natural sites. Nature parks and cultural landscapes can assigned to the latter group. These sites are often located in sensitive areas and could be threatened by environmental pressures, climate change and crowds of visitors. Despite this, natural (as well as cultural) heritage sites are increasingly used as tools for national tourism marketing campaigns. This in in combination with signs of strong visitor growth raises the discussion of over-visitation (Adie, 2017; Job, Becken and Lane, 2017; Scuttari, and Orsi, Bassani, 2019). Subsequently, there are suggestions that the social and environmental carrying capacity of WHSs should be carefully monitored including an emphasis on information on visitor density (Shelby, Vaske and Heberlein; 1989; Kaltenborn et al., 2013). Previous research show that inclusion of natural areas in the UNESCO WHS list has a significant impact on tourism (Buckley, 2004). However, the management perspective of these aspects is still unknown.The aim of this study is to examine the management perspective on presumptive environmental issues relating to Natural World Heritage sites. The analysis focuses on four perceptions: (i) visitor accommodation (buildings) and associated infrastructure, (ii) ground transportation infrastructure, (iii) visitor impact (iv) climate change and severe weather events. An ordered Probit model is used to estimate the perceptions of the management.Data is based on the UNESCO World Heritage Management Report 2014 and encompass 90 World Heritage sites that are either purely natural or mixed. Cultural landscapes are also included. The explanatory factors include year of inscription, size (measured as land area in hectares), type (full natural site, mixed natural site or archaeological or cultural landscape), covered by the danger list (with risk of losing the inscription) and country of location. Indicators at the country level capture the general environmental performance and attitudes.
Call Number Serial 4357
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Author (down) Fagerholm, N.; Eilola, N.; Arki, V.,
Title Outdoor recreation and natures contribution to well-being in a pandemic situation – case Turku, Finland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 100-100
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Urban green infrastructure provides a range of experiences for people and various health benefits that support human well-being. To increase urban resilience, exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are important to learn from. This study aims to understand how the residents in Turku, a middle-sized city in Finland, perceived their outdoor recreation changed and how nature contributed to their subjective wellbeing during the early phases of the COVID-19. Sites of outdoor recreation and associated ecosystem service benefits were gathered through a map-based survey. In addition, the contribution of nature on subjective well-being and the changes in outdoor recreation behaviour were measured. Data was analysed through quantitative, qualitative and spatial methods.
Call Number Serial 4244
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Author (down) Evju, M.; Hagen, D.; Jokerud, M.; Olsen, S. L.; Selvaag, S. K.; Vistad, O.I.,
Title Effects of mountain biking versus hiking on trails under different environmental conditions Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 374-375
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Recreational use of nature areas is increasing worldwide. All trail-based activities have a certain degradation effect on vegetation and soil, and conflicts between conservation values and recreation may occur. Controversy still exists regarding the relative impact of mountain bikers compared to hikers on trails. In Norway, mountain biking is allowed on existing, multiuse trails outside of protected areas, but within protected areas restrictions vary, whereas hiking is allowed. A governmental proposal suggests to allow for mountain biking on trails in national parks in line with hiking, but restrictions could be introduced if effects from biking are more severe than from hiking and in conflict with conservation values. For managers, knowledge about the effects of opening trails for new user groups in national parks is highly needed: will mountain biking cause other and more severe effects on trails, and thus provoke higher and other trail maintenance needs, or are effects similar to that if hikers? In this study, we investigated trail degradation from increased use of trails from hikers and ountain bikers under different climatic conditions. Two study sites were selected, one located in an oceanic climate zone and the other in a continental zone. In each site, two trails were selected, one to be predominantly used by hikers and one by mountain bikers. The trails were natural-surfaced, occurring in natural vegetation, and with a variation in topography and plant communities. We contacted local groups through different channels (personal contact, e-mails, announcements on Facebook groups) and encouraged the use of the study trails throughout the summer of 2019. Mountain bikers were informed of the designated biking trails only, and we created Strava segments that were distributed to bikers. The oceanic biking trail was used for a local Endoru race from May-August, whereas the continental trail was part of a mountain bike race in end-August. Hikers were informed of the designated hiking trails only, and we mounted information signs in each end of the trails encouraging people to take a detour.Passes were counted with TRAFx counters.
Call Number Serial 4365
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Author (down) English, D.; White, E.,
Title Potential contributions of crowd-sourced data in public lands recreation monitoring systems Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 250-250
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Data on recreation use and visitor patterns are critical for information decisions about recreation management and policy. In the U.S., the recreation monitoring systems used by the federal public land agencies rely almost exclusively on traditional tools and approaches (Leggett et al. 2017). Specifically, U.S. federal agencies commonly combine permanent and temporary traffic counters with on-site visitor surveying to measure the amount of recreation use and visitor characteristics. Of the federal agency recreation monitoring programs, the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Program used by the United States Forest Service is viewed as the most comprehensive. Recreation practitioners and policymakers have raised the potential for using crowd-sourced and online information posted by visitors in place of, or as supplement to, traditional recreation monitoring programs. We have found that crowd-sourced data, including social media posts, are well correlated with official NVUM use estimates across a range of spatial resolutions (Fisher et al. 2018, Wood et al. 2020). Further, Wood et al. found that models could be used to directly estimate the amount of recreation use, even at previously unstudied sites. However, that study also found that models developed using social media data worked best when they incorporated some on-the-ground counts gathered using traditional approaches. In this presentation, we describe opportunities to use crowd sourced data to complement the National Visitor Use Monitoring Program. First, crowd-sourced data offers the ability to infer patterns in recreation use at individual sites. The NVUM sampling program is not designed to provide recreation use estimates for individual sites and crowd sourced data offers promise to fill in this gap. Second, the NVUM program only provides results for individual forests every five years. By identifying relationships between the crowd-sourced data and the NVUM data collected in the on-the-ground sample year, we can develop an estimate of recreation use trends in the years between NVUM sample estimates using crowd-sourced data. Finally, the NVUM sample is drawn from a population of recreation site days characterized by field managers. This characterization can be difficult for managers because it requires knowledge of fine-scale temporal patterns in recreation use at individual sites. We believe that crowd-sourced data can be used to assist in describing those temporal trends, potentially improving the accuracy in characterizing the site day population.  
Call Number Serial 4312
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Author (down) Dybsand, H.N.H.; Stensland, S.,
Title Centrality to life and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The case of musk ox safaris in Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, Norway Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 140-141
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Ajzens (1985) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most recognized frameworks for understanding wildlife-related behaviors. According to this framework, intentions to perform behaviors can be predicted from attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral intentions are evaluated as how likely a person is to perform a behavior in the future, with these intentions accounting for a considerable amount of variance in actual behavior together with perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991). Involvement is another useful concept when studying behavioral outcomes, as highly involved participants can hold more intense attitudes and emotions, that may in turn influence future behavior (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999). Understanding a possible relationship between involvement and TPB may provide further insight on wildlife-related behaviors, as the literature suggests both concepts have effects on behavioral intentions. However, to the best of the authors knowledge there are no previous studies combining TPB and involvement in a wildlife watching tourism context. Meanwhile, one of wildlife watching tourisms main justifications is its potential to improve participants empathy and actions toward wildlife and the environment (Hughes, 2013). However, some activities are better suited for this purpose than others, and short duration and mass marketed activities oriented toward a single focal species may not have this effect (Curtin, 2013).Our study investigates connections between TPB and centrality to life, a concept that is often used to measure involvement when studying participants degree of recreation specialization (Scott & Shafer, 2001) and enduring involvement (Forgas-Coll et al., 2017). Additionally, we investigated participants intentions to perform three pro-environmental behaviors that benefits wildlife following a wildlife watching experience.
Call Number Serial 4263
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Author (down) Dorado, V.; Farias-Torbidoni, E. O.; Mendes, R. N.; Morera, S.; Garriga, M.; Villanueva, M.,
Title Tourist carrying capacity. A turning point to a sustainable tourism model. The case of Alt Pirineu National Park – Spain. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 56-57
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the last decades, the world population has increased its physical sports activities in the natural environment. According to the last Eurobarometer survey about outdoor sports, Spain figures in third place with 53% of the population claiming that have been involved in physical outdoor activities, after Finland (67%) and Austria (54%) (European Commission, 2018). As a result, there has been an increase in overcrowding in Protected Areas, which has attracted the attention in the Spanish mass media revealing the consequences that have already demonstrated in various environmental (Cole, 2008; Newsome, 2014; Pickering, 2010; Salesa & Cerda, 2020), social (Weiler et al., 2019) and security studies (Moscoso, 2004). On that point, different public and private entities requested solutions to manage overcrowding in different natural parks through the determination of the Tourist Carrying Capacity (TCC), i.e. maximum number of people who can visit an area at the same time, without damaging the physical, economic or sociocultural environment, nor cause an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction (OMT, s. f.). This article aims to show the application of the Cifuentes (1992) methodology about the TCC in 17 trails of Alt Pirineu Natural Park (PNAP), within Vall Ferrera to be included in the next trail guide of the park.
Call Number Serial 4223
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Author (down) Derek, M.; Kulczyk, S.; Wozniak, E.; Grzyb, T.,
Title Where green is greener? Multi-data approach for typology of urban green spaces Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 386-387
Keywords MMV10
Abstract As the global level of urbanization is rising, with 74% of Europeans living in urban areas (United Nations, 2018), public green spaces located with-in urban and peri-urban zone remain the most accessible (and sometimes unique) option of di-rect contact with nature. Such a contact can pro-vide a variety of immaterial benefits for humans, identified as Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES). Like other Ecosystem Services (ES), CES are vul-nerable to external impacts, such as urbanization processes. However, unlike other types of ES, cultural values of ecosystems or landscapes are irreplaceable: once destroyed, cannot be resti-tuted (Plieninger et al., 2013). Therefore, their proper management is the issue of a great im-portance. CES are co-production of environmen-tal features and cultural practices, what results in a constant need for new methodological solu-tions based on interdisciplinary approaches. Un-derstanding patterns of CES flow is recognized as crucial for effective landscape management and policy development (van Zanten et al., 2016).Hegetschweiler et al. (2017) found out that studies which had examined CES in urban areas tend to focus on supply or demand factors, but rarely establish links between one another. The need of further research on linkages be-tween different types of green infrastructure, a variety of forms of their use as well as on gained benefits is also underlined by OBrien et al. (2017). Such an approach requires combining natural and social data together. In this study we address this challenge. The aim of the research is to develop a typology of public green spaces (hereinafter PGS) in an urban zone, basing on the character of CES flow. As this flow can be influenced by manage-ment, it is important to propose an approach which will include a variety of data reflecting natural features of PGS as well as preferences and behaviours of its visitors. A typology of urban green areas can help in successful management especially on the urban zone level, where a more holistic and integrated approach is needed.
Call Number Serial 4370
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Author (down) Deng, J.,
Title Estimating visit volume at the county level: An application of a variant form of the Lincoln Index method Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 66-67
Keywords MMV10
Abstract It is important to have an accurate estimate of visit volume to a destination. While this may be easily done for a place with controlled gates and/or with ticket sales, it is a major challenge for a destination (e.g., a county) without gate counts. This study uses a variant form of the Lincoln Index method to estimate visit volume for Garrett County, Maryland based on data collected from two survey periods: 2008-2009 and 2019-2020.
Call Number Serial 4228
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Author (down) Delphine, L.; Morales, E.; Theriault, W.; Tang, B.; Routhier, F.; Mortenson, W. B.; Prescott, M.,
Title “Inclusive Parks”: A scoping review of accessibility standards for people with disabili-ties Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 314-315
Keywords MMV10
Abstract It is well recognized that access to green and blue spaces have physical, social, psychological and health benefits for people with and without disabilities (Gascon et al., 2017; Labbé et al., 2019; Markevych et al., 2017; Merrick et al., 2020; Rugel et al., 2019, Zhang et al, 2019.). However, many people with disabilities are still excluded from these spaces because of accessibility issues (Burns et al., 2009). The federal government has determined that accessibility for people with disabilities in Canadas world-renowned national parks should be addressed (Marcastel, 2019). Historically, standards have focused on promoting access for people with physical disabilities; however, existing accessibility standards are relatively dated and have had less emphasis on people who experience cognitive or sensory challenges (i.e., visual or auditory) (Parks Canada, 1994). For example, wayfinding is emerging as a critical topic for different disabilities to identify accessible routes for planning purposes and enable real-time navigation. Moreover, environmental features intended for one group (e.g., tactile sidewalk sections for people with vision problems) may make it challenging for people from another group (e.g., those who use mobility devices like wheelchairs) (Ormerod et al., 2015). It is thus important to avoid developing standards in a siloed manner (i.e., with only one disability group in mind). This scoping review is part of the project Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors: User-driven Research on Standards (PARCOURS) which overarching goal is to improve the Canadian accessibility standards for national parks funded by the Canadian Accessibility Standards Development Organization. The first phase of this project was to conduct a scoping review to compare and contrast existing international and national standards and novel research evidence to inform the development of revised standards.  The question guiding the search for relevant studies was “What are the current accessibility standards in terms of outdoor spaces, including parks to allow people with disabilities to enjoy the natural environments in their community?”
Call Number Serial 4339
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Author (down) Dehez, J.; Lyser, S.,
Title Comparing participation in different invasive aquatic plant management programs among recreational users of freshwater lakes in southwest France Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 38-39
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Alien species can have major ecological and socioec- onomic impacts and so effective management are needed. In this perspective, one increasingly seeks to involve end users, such a recreational users (Shackle- ton, Adriaens et al. 2019). Recreational users may share valuable knowledge about the ecological eco- systems at stake. They have time, materials and money to afford. In the literature, several studies have looked at factors that increase user involve- ment highlighting the effect of variables such as e.g. perceptions, information, or education. Neverthe- less, these behaviors are often studied separately or, conversely, grouped into a single category called “pro-environmental behaviors” (Halpenny 2010). Without excluding the possibility of common factors affecting these behaviors, we consider that behav- iors are not necessarily homogeneous. In particular, the nature of the operations to be carried out may be very important (Niemiec, Ardoin et al. 2017, Pa- gès, Fischer et al. 2019). This is what we study in de- tail in this paper.
Call Number Serial 4214
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Author (down) De Bie, K.; Rose, M.,
Title Community usage, awareness and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries in Victoria, Australia. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 178-179
Keywords MMV10
Abstract National parks and protected areas in Victoria, Australia, are managed by a state government agency, Parks Victoria.Parks Victoria was established in 1998 and are responsible for managing an expanding and diverse estate covering more than 4 million hectares, or about 17 per cent, of the state.In 2002, the Victorian Government established the Marine National Park system, including 13 Marine National Parks (MPAs) and 11 Marine Sanctuaries.MPAs span Victorias five marine bioregions and aim to conserve and protect ecological processes, habitats and associated flora and fauna. With 2022 signalling the 20-year anniversary of the Victorian Marine National Park system, there was a desire to better understand Victorians current awareness, usage and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries.Specific aims of this research include to: Measure recent community visitation to the MNPS Understand community awareness of, and key perceived benefits of the MNPS Identify differences in perceptions, if any, between users, non-users and their respective segments Identify indicators and metrics that could measure the social, ecological and/or economic value provided by the MNPS Understand awareness and reception of current communication tools, and identify avenues to develop and refine communications in general
Call Number Serial 4280
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Author (down) Dalley, J.; Wang, D.,
Title Weather sensitivity of visitation to Protected Natural Areas: Establishing trends and trajectories in a time of changing climate. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 352-352
Keywords MMV10
Abstract A major determinant of visitor use of outdoor recreation opportunities in PNAs is ambient weather at place – specifically, the four key variables of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. Visitors routinely assess ambient weather before undertaking a range of recreational activities in the outdoors, evaluating the key variables – individually and in combination – relative to both personal preferences and the planned actvity at place. Weather at place may vary widely from year to year, masking underlying changes in visitation demand. Furthermore, the influence of ambient weather conditions on visitation varies widely from place to place, such that the same conditions may deter a significant number of visitors to one place, while generating little to no deterence at others – and may even encourage visitation. Consequently, understanding the influence of weather on visitation is a core consideration for visitor management at the operations level, but increasingly also at the strategic investment level as historic weather patterns are modified by climate change. However, at the place/destination scale of analysis, separating the influence of weather on visitation from other influences, such as visitor preference, is complex; when the scale of analysis expands to the national level, the challenge becomes daunting. Nevertheless, PNA managers need to make informed decisions on long-term investment in visitor services and infrastructure based on underlying demand trends and trajectories, and the extent to which these are influenced by weather is therefore a critical consideration. To address this current uncertainty, the New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC) has developed a statistical tool to quantify the weather sensitivity of several hundred visitor destinations across its portfolio of PNAs.
Call Number Serial 4355
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Author (down) Dahlberg, A.; Borgstrom, S.,
Title A just access to urban green commons? The case of people using wheelchairs in Stockholm Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 320-321
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Urban green space and urban green infrastructure as contributors to city qualities have received growing scholarly and practical attention. Of the many forms of urban green space, we focus on urban green commons (UGC), arguing that issues of environmental justice are highlighted and strengthened in the perspective of commons. The UGC concept has been used with slightly different meanings, where e.g. Németh (2012) defines urban commons (not only green spaces) as being collectively owned, held in joint use, and to which everyone has access. Coldings and Barthels (2013:157) definition of UGC includes urban green space of varied ownership and which “depend on collective organization and management”, as e.g. community gardens and allotment gardens, which are not open to all. In this study, we define UGC as green spaces that legally are accessible to anyone, which in a Swedish context is where the Right of Public Access applies (SEPA 2020). However, just because you have the legal right of access does not mean that you have realized access.We focus on access in a broad sense explored from an environmental justice perspective. The degree of access is often defined quantitatively such as proximity to green spaces, or by how many from a certain social group use these spaces (Kabisch & Haase 2014). However, access is a complex concept, and inspired by Rigolon (2016) we include mental (e.g. fear), social (e.g. company), physical (e.g. roots, ice), and structural (e.g. transport, information) aspects of access. There are different ways of theorizing and analyzing environmental justice (e.g. Anguelovski 2020), and in this study, we follow Svarstad and Benjaminsen (2020), who defines environmental justice as distributive, recognition, procedural, and capabilities, and Rutt and Gulsrud (2016) who apply this lens on access to UGC. We find that within these categories all aspects of environmental justice can be explored.UGC are intended to be accessible for all people – but is that really the case? Loftus (2020) raises the question about what really is included in the expression “all the people” that often is used in policy and planning declarations, also concerning urban green spaces. But are they in practice UGC from an environmental justice perspective? The use of UGC is increasingly studied, but people with impaired mobility, e.g. using a wheelchair, is one example of a group whose access to urban green spaces has been largely neglected. Most studies about this group include all disabilities (Burns 2013) or are not focused solely on the urban context (Burns 2013, Stigsdotter 2018). However, Corazon et al. (2019) present a qualitative study with people with mobility impairment in cities.
Call Number Serial 4342
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Author (down) Dagan, D. T.; Fefer, J. P.; Zajchowski, C.; Brownlee, M. T. J.,
Title Publicly reported trail experiences: A mixed-methods dive into the internet corpus Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 70-70
Keywords MMV10
Abstract While many visitor monitoring efforts measure discrete and quantifiable attributes, such as spatial distribution of visitors or economic values, many aim to capture more subjective qualities. Monitoring visitor experience is one such undertaking. Visitor experience extends beyond objective qualities about the recreation environment, and studying it requires understanding nuances about visitors perspectives that can be difficult to generalize. These perspectives can be studied qualitatively to capture in-depth and nuanced data, or quantitatively in order to generate ore comparable or generalizable results. Both of these approaches are strong and useful, and in this study we aimed to capture the strengths of both these approaches in a novel mixed-methods methodology using publicly available web data. Using trip report data from a popular trail website, we were able to describe visitor experiences in a way that is both large in scale and reflective of subjective experiences.
Call Number Serial 4230
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Author (down) Daasnes, M.,
Title Collaboration to promote outdoor life (friluftsliv) in the Nordic countries – Is an action plan the way forward? Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 254-255
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Outdoor life (friluftsliv) has a strong position in all the Nordic countries, and is mainly built on the same traditions. In the Nordic collaboration, both between authorities and organisations, outdoor life have been a central theme. Nature-based tourism and outdoor life also have many commonalities in the Nordic countries. In this round-table session, invited researchers and representatives from Nordic outdoor life organizations, will present and discuss opportunities and challenges in promoting outdoor life in the Nordic countries. The session also welcome participants to discuss ideas and reflections from other parts of the world. There will be several short presentations to set the stage, followed by plenty of time to discuss. At the end of the session we will ask if there is a need for a common Nordic action plan to promote outddor life, or are there other and better instruments?
Call Number Serial 4313
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Author (down) Conti, E.; Farsari, I.,
Title Nature-based tourism experiences between mobile connectivity and the freedom of disconnecting Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 300-301
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Mobile Internet connectivity is traditionally seen as an experience enhancer in tourism, and extant research in the context of natural and protected areas show a positive attitude towards such technology. On the visitor experiences side, it enhances safety, information retrieval, connectivity to peers and accessibility (Elmahdy, Haukeland and Fredman, 2017). On the destination managements side, it constitutes a resource for visitor planning, monitoring and engagement (Pickering, Chelsey, Barros and Rossi, 2020; Hausmann et al., 2017).Recent studies are discussing more critically whether ubiquitous connectivity always represents a resource for tourism or conversely a factor that jeopardizes the tourism experience by triggering pressures, discomfort as well as estrangement from local communities and places (Egger, Lei and Wassler, 2020). The issue is particularly important within nature-based tourism, due to its relation to experiential themes of genuineness, detoxification and escapism and its localization in areas where transformational and educational experiences are prioritized (Li, Pearce & Low, 2018).
Call Number Serial 4334
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Author (down) Clemetsen, M.; Stokke, K. B.,
Title Creating synergies between nature-based tourism and local community development through enhanced dialogue processes. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 398-399
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism (NBT) has for decades been a major resource for value creation and local development in rural districts in Norway. However, in recent years some areas have experienced an increasing pressure from the tourism industry, both in fjord- and coastal and mountain regions (Stokke et al. 2017). A more fine-tuned and sensitive attitude to attractions related to wildlife, quietness, and local stories and storytelling is emerging, and has a substantial potential for integrating NBT and local community development.In a long-term perspective, it is essential for municipalities and local communities to balance the influx of tourists and the capacity to welcome them. To inform planning and development processes, it is therefore important to understand the tangible and intangible place-based values and resources attached to minor rural communities.In the present global situation represented by the pandemic lock down, climate and bio-diversity crises, there is a growing awareness in local and regional governments, that tourism in general, and nature-based tourism specifically, also should be a partner in developing place-based and sustainable transition-processes (Clemetsen et al 2021).This might involve a broad variety of actors, from local residents – young and older, small scale entrepreneurs, farmers, schools, municipal administrators, etc. Thus, in the process of developing strategies for an unknown and uncertain future, there is a need to apply appropriate process tools that may foster development of shared visions, strategies and measures that support sustainable development. The complexity in the process of understanding place, place-based values, and their potential for future value creation, demand methods that commits the participants beyond what is required in ordinary local planning processes. To pursue this ambition, it is necessary to create arenas for negotiation of interests, and for developing strategies for social and economic initiatives involving the local community, the municipality, and other stakeholders.On the background of a participatory workshop conducted in the BIOTOUR[1] case area in Trysil municipality in 2019, we will discuss possible methods and tools that can provide arenas for dialogue processes, supporting nature-based tourism development and social viability within the local community.
Call Number Serial 4376
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Author (down) Chekalina, T.; Fuchs, M.,
Title Evaluating the impact of mobile apps on nature-based tourism experiences Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 156-157
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of applications developed for smartphones intended for usage in connection with nature-based tourism (NBT) experience. Outdoor recreationists increasingly use mobile applications to interact with nature by consuming, creating and sharing the content related to NBT experience before, during and after the trip (Wang et al., 2014; Dickinson, Hibbert, and Filimonau, 2016). We argue that both, content and the various elements of mobile apps functionalities show the capacity to enhance major aspects of the NBT experience, such as emotional, social and epistemic experience value, as well as excellence, efficiency and safety (Chekalina, Fuchs, and Lexhagen, 2018). NBT segments utilize various functional elements of mobile apps (either web-based applications or native apps users need to download and install on their smartphones), such as map-based information, weather/avalanche warnings, augmented reality and 360 images, QR-code tags and geocaching, location-based services, near field communication (NFC) and mobile payments, as well as social media integration (Buhalis and Foerste, 2014; Kolas et al., 2015). Prior research identifies various categories of apps, which can enhance the NBT experience (Chekalina, Fossgard, and Fuchs, 2021). Digital reference books replace printed guides of birds, plants, mushrooms and integrate image recognition and augmented reality technology. The categories of “exercise and training” apps and “map and navigation” apps show similarities in terms of content and functionality. However, the former category focuses on performance, such as pace, distance, elevation or calorie consumption, while the focus of apps in the latter category is on tracks, routes and attractions. Other categories of apps include travel guides, weather apps, games, compass apps, flashlight apps, apps for photo and video, as well as niche social media networks (Chekalina et al., 2021).
Call Number Serial 4270
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Author (down) Calderon, M. M.; Lozano, C. A. B.; Jimenez, E. C.,
Title Tourism overuse indicators system for protected areas and buffer zones Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 304-304
Keywords MMV10
Abstract There are considerable national parks and other protected areas around the world that are attracting a huge number of visitors annually. In many cases the tourist visitation can be highly concentrated both spatially and temporally leading to the generation of impacts in different directions in social, economic, environmental, technical areas not only within the protected area but also in its buffer zone. Because of this situation and the absence of specific indicators to manage tourism overuse, this study aims to develop a proposal of indicators and sustainability index of tourist frequentation to determine the impact of ecotourism associated with protected areas and buffer zones of high tourist demand. The selection of indicators was carried out after a systematic process consisting of: (i) identification of the problem to be evaluated, (ii) definition of indicators and their variables, (iii) selection of indicators, (iv) definition of criteria for indicator selection, (v) selection of indicators, (vi) design of indicators, (v) validation of indicators using the Delphi method. As a result, there are a set of 32 indicators that take into account areas such as natural resources, community, visitors, protected area management, and tourist operation. The proposal includes an Approximate Tourism Visitation Sustainability Index (AToViSI) which varies between 0 and 1 according to the degree of sustainability determined. The proposal collaborates in the management (both internally and externally) of protected areas to generate mechanisms or strategies towards the sustainability of the tourist destination. The COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to improve visitor management and not make past mistakes or at least mitigate and guide adaptive management to more sustainable conditions in areas of high tourist attraction.
Call Number Serial 4335
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Author (down) Cajiao, D.; Leung, Y.; Larson, L.; Tejedo, P.; Benayas, J.,
Title Exploring the association of trip characteristics and motivations with pro-environmental outcomes of Antarctic tourists: An analysis based on PRE and POST surveys. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 160-161
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Tourism in Antarctica has significantly increased and diversified over the last decades (Carey, 2020). In the 2019-2020 season, the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) reported 74 401 tourists visiting the continent, representing a 134% increase from the 2010-2011 season (IAATO, 2021). While Antarctic tourists are purported to have meaningful interactions with the Antarctic environment, little empirical research exists to understand how motivations and trip characteristics of the Antarctic journey shape tourists experiential outputs, which may in turn influence their pro-environmental outcomes, both core elements of Nature Based Tourism (NBT) experiences.
Call Number Serial 4272
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Author (down) Bussard, J.,
Title Heritage value and stakeholders perception of four geomorphological landscapes in Southern Iceland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 222-223
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Geomorphological heritage and landscapes have one common characteristic: their existence de-pends on a certain socio-cultural context and on the subjective view of different observers. In-deed, considering landforms or portions of land as heritage results from a process of “heritage making” (“patrimonialisation”, Di Méo 2008): an object is considered as heritage when the values assigned by society or by some actors are suffi-ciently important to justify its preservation and transmission to future generations. From the per-spective of geomorphologists, the central value of a landform is its geoscientific interest (Grandgirard 1997; Reynard 2004), i.e. its interest in understanding geomorphological processes, reconstructing the formation and the evolution of a landform, etc. The values that justify the her-itage recognition of a landform may also be relat-ed to its beauty (aesthetic value), its cultural in-terest or its ecological value. A geomorphological landscape refers to a landscape whose geomorphological component is of heritage interest. Some landscapes have gained international recognition for their geosci-entific value, particularly the 93 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List that meet crite-rion viii – “to be outstanding examples repre-senting major stages of earths history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic fea-tures”. Obviously besides their scientific interest, most of these sites are also landscapes of particu-larly high aesthetic value. As part a PhD thesis in progress (Bussard, in prep.), we first assessed the heritage value of four geomorphological landscapes in southern Iceland from a geomorphological perspective and, then, we conducted a series of interviews to see to what extent the heritage values assigned by different local stakeholders overlap with this assessment. The four geomorphological land-scapes are Skaftafell Glacier, Laki craters, Torfa-jökull caldera in the vicinity of Landmannalaugar and Breiðamerkur Glacier and its proglacial mar-gin, including Jökulsárlón.
Call Number Serial 4300
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Author (down) Burns, R.; Andrew, R.; Schwarzmann, D.; Moreira, J.,
Title Estimating marine sanctuary public use: Preliminary results from a US National Ma-rine Sanctuaries pilot project Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 234-235
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The U.S. contains over 172,481 square miles of underwater parks designated as National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS).They serve as a bridge to nat-ural resource exploration, education, recreation, tourism, and offer many other ecosystem services for both U.S. citizens and foreign visitors alike.Visitors to these areas number in the mil-lions each year and account for significant eco-nomic production within, and adjacent to, these areas as well. Despite the popularity and im-portance of these areas on the whole, a knowledge gap exists with respect to visitor use and monitoring in areas of specific aquatic orien-tation.Visitor use can be profoundly productive in terms of economic activity. Therefore, the National Marine Sanctuary System is critical in supporting vast production of economic activity each year.With their unique resources, National Marine Sanctuaries attract large numbers of visi-tors every year and may serve as primary eco-nomic drivers for surrounding communities. However, specific visitor use counting and moni-toring methods are not standardized or properly applicable to specific marine sanctuary sites.A better understanding of visitor use patterns and motivations at specific marine sanctuary sites would increase the capacity for economic growth and sustainability of valuable ecosystem services in these areas. Marine sanctuaries and parks inherently have porous borders, and multiple access points may make counting as a means to arrive at visitation estimates a challenging ap-proach.The National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process (NMS-COUNT) offers an iterative framework to address this knowledge gap while involving key stakeholders throughout the pro-cess.In this way, communication among manag-ers and researchers is incorporated to help de-velop and implement the most efficient method-ology for a particular aquatic area.
Call Number Serial 4305
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Author (down) Burns, G.L.; Haraldsdoottir, L.,
Title Interpretation in Ásbyrgi: communicating with National Park visitors in Iceland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 136-137
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The tourism industry in Iceland is of significant economic importance to the country and, until global travel restrictions in 2020, the number of visitors to natural areas was continuing to grow. Corresponding with this increase is the need to effectively manage tourists to ensure safe and responsible experiences that are as socially, economically and environmentally sustainable as possible. This management includes decisions about interpretation – what information to provide for tourists and the most effective way to deliver that information to them. This presentation will report on part of a project conducted at Asbyrgi, in the northern section of Icelands Vatnajökull National Park. The parks managers are cognisant that Tourism in national parks is essentially about providing memorable nature-based experiences for visitors (Weiler et al., 2019) and want to provide those experiences without disturbing the plant and animal life in the park. To achieve this, they are keen to implement interpretation that aims to stimulate interest, promote learning, guide visitors in appropriate behaviour for sustainable tourism and encourage enjoyment and satisfaction (Moscardo et al. 2004).
Call Number Serial 4261
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Author (down) Breyne, J.; Marechal, K.; Dufrene, M.,
Title Monitoring visitors in diffuse nature areas, a case study in the Belgian Ardenne Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 288-289
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism and recreation are ecosystem services that have the potential to benefit human wellbeing, as well as local economies (Haines-Young and Potschin, 2010). They can therefore represent an important political argument to conserve and restore nature areas (Schirpke et al., 2018). However, for these contributions to be acknowledged, they should first be monitored. The number of visits to nature areas has been recognised as one of the major indicators to assess nature-based tourism and recreation (Schägner et al., 2018). Visiting frequencies are, for example, crucial for the estimation of economic contributions. However, for diffuse nature areas with multiple entry and exit points, this data is often scarce, scattered and imprecise. Recently, innovative technologies have allowed to obtain more continuous and/or detailed data for both small and larger areas (Kellner and Egger, 2016). Our research used two of those methodologies to estimate visitor frequencies in nature areas: 1) an analysis based on passive mobile phone positioning data and 2) automatized image analysis based on photos issued from camera traps. Our case study area concerns the Ardenne forests, located in southern Belgium (Walloon region) for the period spring 2018 – summer 2019. The aim of this research is to improve ecosystem services assessments concerning nature-based tourism and recreation and, by doing so, facilitate ES being taken into account by site managers and policy makers in the sustainable management of nature areas. 
Call Number Serial 4328
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Author (down) Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B.,
Title Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 168-169
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants. 
Call Number Serial 4276
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Author (down) Bredeweg, E.; D'Antonio, A.; Esser, S.; Jacobs, A.,
Title Steps on a path: An application of machine learning using a random forest algorithm to predict visitor use levels on trails in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 280-281
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Understanding the location and level of recreation use in park and protected areas (PPA) can be useful for effective visitor use management. While there is a wealth of geospatial data available online and in the manager databases of many PPA, the development and format of these datasets may be shaped more by the nature of GIS software than the way visitors explore and use a PPA system. Moreover, aspects important for visitor management such as quantification of visitor use levels on trails may be more difficult to source for each trail segment than physical trail characteristics (length, location, elevation profile, etc.). It would be expected that trail characteristics would influence the traffic of visitors, but there are many other factors such as accessibility, parking, or nearby attractions that can influence visitor behavior in complex ways. While we can obtain the physical characteristics, available amenities, and relative locations of trails within the entire PPA, we often do not have visitor use levels on the same extent. In order to examine visitor use levels on the scale of the entire PPA, we need to be able to model the relationship between physical location, trail characteristics, and amenities that ultimately shape visitor use.
Call Number Serial 4325
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Author (down) Bourdeau, P.; Chanteloup, L.; Civiaz, C.; Langenbacj, M.,
Title Mountain huts as observatories of tourism transition Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 60-61
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the face of the cumulative effects of climate and societal changes, mountain touristic development is currently experiencing a strong adaptive injunction of mountain tourism destinations. Alpine tourism development model based on seasonal snow resources and winter sports resorts is subject to uncertainties and weaknesses that brought it to a tipping point (Bourdeau, 2007; Clivaz & al., 2015). These call into question existing economic balances, territorial dynamics and mountain policies. In this tipping phenomenon, climate change acts as an amplifier and accelerator of structural contradictions, especially as its multiple effects combine themselves with societal, socio-cultural and technological changes. In this context, tourism is faced with a major transitional challenge having both spatial and temporal characteristics. This structural redefinition of the foundations of mountain tourism suffers from a major lack of knowledge on the governance and visitor flows of less-developed mountain areas. What is at stake is a transition trajectory based on a territorial rebalancing between less-developed mountain areas and developed mountain areas, which appears particularly strategic on the scale of the Swiss and French Alps. In this presentation we will present a French-Swiss research project called Mountain huts as observatories of the tourism transition. The repositioning of less-developed mountain areas and their related professions in the French-Swiss Alps (HutObsTour).
Call Number Serial 4225
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Author (down) Botelho, A.Z.; Costa, A.C.; Parente, M.I.; Torres, P.; Borges, P.; Nunes, J.C.; Ventura, M.A.,
Title Seascapes in the Azores: from tourist perception to site evaluation Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 180-181
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The Archipelago of the Azores has a high potential for tourism differentiation at an international level due to its distinctive and unique characteristics and natural beauty. Seascapes have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value (Atkinson et al., 2011), although seldom subjected to assessments. Additionally, marine geological heritage has been only occasionally exploited by Azorean companies, mostly because there is a lack of data about underwater geodiversity, geological heritage, and its valuation, for recreational purposes. This study (within the project SCAPETOUR – SeaSCAPEs promotion to diversify TOURistic products) aimed to analyze visitors perception regarding the importance of seascapes features and their value, more specifically: a detailed and full characterization as well as sectorial analyses of selected coastal and underwater trails for tourism and a valuation of seascapes for tourism and conservation purposes, including visitors perception regarding the seascape features. In the context of species conservation and ecosystem protection, it is important to increase users and stakeholders knowledge on the natural value of the assets to promote sustainable use of the ocean and marine life.
Call Number Serial 4281
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Author (down) Bonnelame, L.K.; Siegrist, D.,
Title Covid-19 as an opportunity to newly discover Switzerlands nature-based cultural landscapes. Qualitative study among German-speaking Swiss holiday guests in Switzerland. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 94-95
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Due to the corona pandemic, many Swiss people stayed in Switzerland in the summer of 2020. According to a survey (SRG & sotomo 2020), in May 2020, 49% had planned longer holidays abroad for summer 2020 and were then tending to change to excursions and shorter holidays in Switzerland due to the changed situation. What the forecasts predicted actually came true: a large proportion of the Swiss population, including many who otherwise travel abroad, spent their main holidays in a Swiss holiday region. Many hotels in the mountain cantons recorded an increase in bookings. The biggest losers were the cities and destinations with otherwise many international arrivals (Nau 2020). This development was seen in many European countries. Covid has brought about major changes in travel behavior due to closed borders and many people have vacationed in their own country. (YouGov 2020). Due to that, many Swiss might have got to know their country newly in one way or another in summer 2020. The preference for holidays in ones own country suggests the hypothesis that experiences of nature-based and culture-related tourism were given additional importance. Characteristically, this type of holiday experience takes place in natural areas and nature-based cultural landscapes (Siegrist et al. 2019). As part of a qualitative survey the changes in perception of Switzerland as a holiday destination, due to the altered starting position of domestic guests because of the corona pandemic, were analysed and evaluated. The questions asked were whether new holiday qualities in Switzerland were discovered, changes in attitudes and activities occurred (Pine & Gilmore 2013) or how cultural and natural attractions visited were perceived.
Call Number Serial 4241
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