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Author Zinn, H.C.; Shen, S.X.,
Title Human Responses to Wildlife: Stakeholder Acceptance Capacity and Human Learning Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 411-412
Keywords MMV3, Human learning, human-wildlife interaction, park and protected area management, stakeholder acceptance capacity
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 811 Serial (down) 2528
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Author English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Cordell, H.K.; Green, G.,
Title Estimating Recreation Market Share for National Forests Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 389-390
Keywords MMV3, Land management, land use, recreation activity, recreation resources, market share
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 790 Serial (down) 2518
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Author Jensen, F.S.,
Title Crowding in Danish Forests – a Nonexistent Problem? Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 378-379
Keywords MMV3, Recreation, carrying capacity, social dimension, crowding, preference, forest, Denmark
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 780 Serial (down) 2513
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Author Schroeder, S.; Fulton, D.,
Title Coping With Recreation Conflict: How User Group and Value Conflicts Predict Recreation Coping and Satisfaction Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 376-377
Keywords MMV3, Angling, conflict, coping, recreation, satisfaction, structural equation modeling
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 778 Serial (down) 2512
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Author Iten, S.; Siegrist, D.,
Title Monitoring of Mountain Bikers in a Sensitive Bird Area around the Tanzboden, Switzerland Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 367-369
Keywords MMV3, Visitor monitoring, mountain biking, user conflicts, protected areas, sensitive wildlife habitats
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 770 Serial (down) 2508
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Author Yamanaka, R.; Murai, M.; Inoue, Y.; Fujiwara, S.,
Title Spatio-Temporal Variations of Visitors of Recreational Shellfish-Gathering at an Artificial Beach in Tokyo Bay Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 356-359
Keywords MMV3, Shellfish-gathering, Uminokouen, Ruditapes philippinarum, image analysis, video camera, visitor impact
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 762 Serial (down) 2504
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Author Hennig, S.,
Title Going Ahead: From Visitor Monitoring to Recreational Use Monitoring – The Example of the EU Regional Recreation Area Berchtesgaden National Park / Salzburger Kalkhochalpen Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 322-328
Keywords MMV3, Visitor monitoring, visitor management, recreational use, stakeholder, nature and landscape compatible recreation activities, visitor counting, recreation infrastructure, large protected areas, national park regions, workflow
Abstract Recreation is an important issue for protected areas and especially for national parks where visitor numbers are growing. This can be seen as a result of the increasing interest in nature- and landscape based recreation. Consequently, there is a rising demand to manage this kind of human use accordingly. Therefore, measures must be based on well-founded data as well as widespread knowledge and understanding of recreation. Associated investigations must not only focus on visitors. Interest must also inhere to infrastructure, nature- and landscape compatible activity forms, and stakeholders. Another aspect is the need to incorporate protected areas in a larger planning framework. All too often national parks are regarded as something apart from the adjacent lands. But particularly recreation in park areas cannot be seen separately from the surroundings. By integrating all data regarding to recreation in databases and GIS, persons responsible for management-decisions can gain a comprehensive impression of this object. An according monitoring- system considering feasibility and continuation as well as the (future) workflow is worked out in an exemplary manner within the scope of the InterReg-IIIa project “EuRegional Recreational Area Berchtesgaden National Park/ Salzburger Kalkhochalpen”.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 744 Serial (down) 2495
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Author Kiser, B.C.; Lawson, S.R.; Itami, R.M.,
Title Using Computer Simulation Modeling to Monitor the Multiple Dimensions of Wilderness Solitude in Great Smoky Mountains National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 309-310
Keywords MMV3, Computer simulation, monitoring, wilderness, wilderness solitude, Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 736 Serial (down) 2491
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Author Gimblett, R.H.; Poe, A.; Lace, S.G.,
Title Applying an Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Simulating Spring Black Bear Hunting Activities in Prince William Sound, Alaska Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 305-306
Keywords MMV3, Agent-based modeling, recreation, wilderness, monitoring, simulation, management, human-landscape interactions
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 732 Serial (down) 2489
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Author De Vries, S.; Roos-Klein Lankhorst, J.; Buijs, A.E.,
Title Mapping the Attractiveness of the Dutch Landscape: A GIS-Based Landscape Appreciation Model (Glam-2) Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 284-285
Keywords MMV3, Landscape appreciation, GIS, regression, naturalness, urbanisation, historical distinctiveness, skyline disturbance, validation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 720 Serial (down) 2483
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Author Tuulentie, S.; Mettiäinen, I.,
Title Local Participation in the Development of Tourist Centres in the Peripheral Regions of Finnish Lapland Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 271-272
Keywords MMV3, Local participation, planning, sustainable tourism, periphery, regional development
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 710 Serial (down) 2478
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Author Finger-Stich, A.S.; Tanner, A.C.,
Title Tourism Development and Local Actors’ Engagement for Sustaining Alpine Forests Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 264-265
Keywords MMV3, Participatory natural resources management, community forestry, sustainable tourism and rural development
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 704 Serial (down) 2475
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Author Sayan, S.; Ortaçesme, V.,
Title Recreational Carrying Capacity Assessment in a Turkish National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 211-216
Keywords MMV3, Recreational carrying capacity, social carrying capacity, Termessos National Park, Antalya, Turkey, protected areas
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 677 Serial (down) 2462
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Author Kanoje, R.S.,
Title Managing Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Van Vihar National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 205-210
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable eco-tourism, tourism carrying capacity, physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, effective carrying capacity, management capacity
Abstract Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 675 Serial (down) 2461
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Author Lawson, S.R.; Plotkin, K.,
Title Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 3 – Computer Simulation Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 203-204
Keywords MMV3, Soundscapes, computer simulation, monitoring, park management, national parks
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 673 Serial (down) 2460
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Author Emphandhu, D.; Yemin, T.; Pattanakiat, S.; Tantasirin, C.; Ruschano, R.; Chettamart, S.; Nasa, M.,
Title Recreation Carrying Capacity Analysis at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park, Thailand Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-190
Keywords MMV3, Recreation carrying capacity (RCC), impact, national park, Thailand
Abstract The objective of this research was to determine recreation capacity at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park (LY-KS NP). The study investigated the existing capacity of recreation resources by analyzing four capacity types: ecological (ECC), physical (PCC), facility (FCC), and social (SCC). This paper presented the findings on 3 main islands: Ko Samed, Ko Kudee, Ko Talu, and some snorkeling sites. The results found the ECC, PCC, and FCC exceeded at Ko Samed. At Ko Kudee, found the exceeded PCC while at Ko Talu found the exceeded PCC and FCC. One snorkeling site found FCC exceeded. The maximum carrying capacity at Ko Samed and Ko Kodee was 4,100 and 168 people per night respectively. Most ecological carrying capacities, however, have not yet determined since long term monitoring is needed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 661 Serial (down) 2454
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Author O’Connor Gotra, S.H.; Boyle, K.E.,
Title Sustainable Trail Management, Definitions and a Management Model Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 173-178
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable Trail Management, Indicators, Integrated Planning Frameworks, Local Community Participation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 657 Serial (down) 2452
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Author Whittingham, S.,
Title Integration – Resource Protection and Memorable Visitor Experiences in the Lake Louise Community of Banff National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 170-171
Keywords MMV3, Integration, protection, visitor experience, management plan, community plan
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 655 Serial (down) 2451
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Author Lintzmeyer, F.; Siegrist, D.; Hass, S.,
Title Key Success Factors for Nature-Based Tourism in Protected Areas of the Alps Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 145-146
Keywords MMV3, Protected areas, park management, nature-based tourism, Delphi survey, Alpine Convention
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 641 Serial (down) 2444
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Author Cottrell, S.P.; Raadik, J.,
Title Socio-Cultural Benefits of Pan Parks: Case Study at Bieszscady National Park, Poland Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 135-136
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable development, dimensions, prism of sustainability, protected areas, PAN Parks
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 634 Serial (down) 2441
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Author Bay-Larsen, I.; Bjøru, R.; Eilertsen, S.M.; Fedreheim, G.E.,
Title Integrated Conservation Processes – A Tool for Reducing Conflicts in Area Conservation Processes Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 124-128
Keywords MMV3, Integrated conservation process, use – protection conflicts, use – use conflicts, stakeholders, business development local participation
Abstract Experimental trampling was conducted in a coastal sand dune community located in a State Park in Southeastern, Brazil. To evaluate the effects it was used 5 permanent plots. The trampling intensities were 25, 75, 200, 500 and 1,000 passes and each plot had a control area. Response to trampling was assessed by determining species composition, vegetation cover and height evaluation, right after trampling, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after trampling. The same parameters were evaluated just before trampling. Although there was a substantial loss of vegetation cover on 500 and 1,000 treatment plots, the study area was recovered in a few months. Reductions in height occurred with less impact: 200 passes. The 500 and 1,000 pass interference didn’t show statistical difference for cover and 200, 500 or 1,000 passes were statistically similar for the community, suggesting weak linearity between impact and amount of use. The results show that this community has a good resilience; probably in response to the natural stress the vegetation suffers continuously. The vegetation’s changes in species composition seem to be more accurate; especially the extinction of rare species and the introduction of alien ones.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 630 Serial (down) 2439
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Author Growcock, A.J.; Pickering, C.M.; Johnston, S.W.,
Title Trampling after Landscape Level Disturbance: Impacts on Subalpine Vegetation and Soils in the Australian Alps Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 107-108
Keywords MMV3, Trampling, subalpine, bushfires, recovery, visitation, protected areas, sustainability, Australia
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 620 Serial (down) 2434
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Author Melville, S.J.,
Title Visitor Satisfaction Surveys and the Development of Access Standards for National Nature Reserves in England Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 64-71
Keywords MMV3, Qualitative monitoring, work planning, access standards, visitor satisfaction
Abstract It is estimated that National Nature Reserves in England receive around 15 million visitors each year, and this number is increasing. Since the mid 1990s English Nature has undertaken a series of visitor satisfaction surveys on a number of the National Nature Reserves in England. The purpose of the initial studies was to establish the visitors’ understanding of National Nature Reserves and what it was that those visitors wanted by way of facilities to improve the experience of their visit. The results of the surveys influenced the development of ‘access standards’ for use in work planning and financial resource allocation across the suite of 160 National Nature Reserves managed by English Nature. Following major investment between 2002-2004, a further round of visitor satisfaction surveys has been completed and this paper discusses the results of these and the implications for future access improvement funding and works.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 600 Serial (down) 2424
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Author Walder, B.S.,
Title New Parks of National Importance in Switzerland Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 46-47
Keywords MMV3
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 584 Serial (down) 2416
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Author Siegrist, D.; Clivaz, C.; Hunziker, M.; Iten, S.,
Title Introduction Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 13-14
Keywords MMV3
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 574 Serial (down) 2411
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Author Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E.,
Title Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 114-119
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401 Serial (down) 2408
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Author Lawson, S.; Itami, B.; Gimblett, R.; Manning, R.,
Title Monitoring and Managing Recreational Use in Backcountry Landscapes Using Computer-Based Simulation Modeling Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 107-113
Keywords MMV2
Abstract In the United States, legislation dictates that wilderness areas should be managed to, among other things, provide recreational visitors with opportunities for solitude. The growing popularity of outdoor recreation in backcountry settings presents managers with challenges in their efforts to achieve this objective. Recent research suggests that computer-based simulation modeling is an effective tool for helping to address the challenges associated with managing visitor use in backcountry and wilderness settings. This paper describes the development and application of a computer-based simulation model of recreational use in the John Muir Wilderness Area in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. The results of the study demonstrate how simulation modeling can be used as a tool for understanding existing visitor use patterns within the John Muir Wilderness Areas and estimating the effects of alternative management practices on visitor flows and visitor use conditions.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 399 Serial (down) 2407
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Author Türk, S.; Jakob, E.; Krämer, A.; Roth, R.,
Title Outdoor recreation activities in nature protection areas – situation in Germany Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 171-177
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Within a research project of the Federal Nature Conservation Agency, the Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environment points out new developments in outdoor activities in several German landscapes significantly used for sports activities. Therefore two different types of landscape analysis were chosen: First the monitoring of selected sports activities in landscapes with special equipment respectively high frequented by sportsmen (top-spot method) and second the recording of the real utilisation of near-natural landscapes (area method). The results of the scientific analytics were combined with sociological knowledge to describe the development of outdoor recreation in different sport activities (e.g.: canoeing, climbing, paragliding or canyoning). Considering these results the possibilities and the limits of modern concepts of guidance are discussed. Convenience offers, the use of police law or the establishment of a new outdoor culture (depending on Scandinavian standards) will attach great importance to minimize stress and interference in natural landscapes. It is shown that the changes in outdoor activities offer the possibility for a sustainable use of the German countryside for recreation as well as for environment.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 397 Serial (down) 2406
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Author Payne, R.J.; McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Moore, J.; Bradford, L.; Elliott, S.,
Title Recreation Experience Preferences and Activity Profiles in a Crown Forest Landscape in Ontario, Canada Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 164-170
Keywords MMV2
Abstract The use of public forested areas in Ontario, Canada is governed by the Crown Forest Sustainability Act that directs the management authority, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), to ensure that forest operations co-exist with other uses of the forest, especially recreation and tourism. Implementing these legislative requirements has been difficult for the OMNR: it lacks data on recreation and tourism; it lacks readily available social scientific expertise; and it lacks the necessary integrative model. The larger project of which this work is a part, focussing on the Dog River-Matawin Forest, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario and immediately east of Quetico Provincial Park, is designed to address several of these gaps. This paper seeks to answer two of the many questions concerning how people use the forest for recreation and tourism purposes: what motivates different users and how do those motivations relate to activity profiles. Our findings indicate that four distinct experience preference groups exist among the 1,556 people who used the forest for recreation and tourism purposes. When these groups are compared with four distinct activity profiles, we make connections that, when mapped (a future phase of the work), begin to indicate areas where potential conflicts might occur with forest operations or with other recreation activities. We conclude by noting that, while knowledge about how people use the forest is interesting in itself, both an integrative framework and a scientifically-capable Ministry of Natural Resources are needed if that knowledge is to find its way into management actions to implement the requirements of Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 395 Serial (down) 2405
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Author Shapochkin, M.S.; Kiseleva, V.V.; Syriamkina, O.V.; Nikitin, V.F.,
Title Mapping the Intensity of Recreation Impact in the NP Losiny Ostrov, Moscow Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 45-50
Keywords MMV2
Abstract General recreational situation in the NP Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) is analysed. The technique of field observations and computer mapping of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes is described. Corresponding maps are represented and correlated with the location of residential regions, entrances, and basic visitor flows. Five areas of intensive effect of stationary recreation were revealed at the studied territory of ca. 600 ha. In most cases, extreme recreation is thought to be the main reason of forest decline and decrease in recreational carrying capacity. Top-priority areas of landscape improvement were revealed. Maps reflecting the spatial distribution of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes are regarded as an appropriate instrument of territorial planning.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 385 Serial (down) 2400
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Author Melville, S.; Ruohonen, J.,
Title The development of a remote-download system for visitor counting Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 38-44
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Following the first International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas, English Nature identified a need to implement a system of visitor counting on a selection of the 170 National Nature Reserves which it manages across England. A prime requirement of the system was that it should involve a minimal amount of field staff time to harvest the data. Following a competitive tendering exercise, Teknovisiot were appointed as contractors to develop their GSM-based system for use by English Nature. This paper will discuss the requirements identifed by English Nature and how the system was developed in conjunction with Teknovisiot to meet those requirements. It will include a summary of problems encountered and how these were overcome. The presentation will include examples of data provided by the system. It is believed that the system now developed by Teknovisiot on behalf of English Nature would have considerable potential for any site manager who has access to a mobile telephone network on their land and an internet modem in their office.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 382 Serial (down) 2399
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Author Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.,
Title Affects of Road Sign Wording on Visitor Survey – Non-Response Bias Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 34-37
Keywords MMV2
Abstract On-site visitor interviewer data collection is a key component of the USDA Forest Service National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program. In many areas, especially higher speed roads and roads with non-recreation traffic, many vehicles may not stop for an interview. Wording on the sign may condition non-recreation visitors to self-select as to whether or not they decide to stop for an interview. Since the primary purpose of the interview is to calibrate a mechanical traffic counter, such behavior can lead to bias in the resulting visitation estimate. Non-response bias of national forest traffic was examined by using four different wordings for road signs during NVUM interview days. The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with each treatment (sign) being applied to five different road locations (blocks). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if any particular sign wording significantly affected (1) the rate of visitor response and (2) the mix of visitors who stopped for interviews. Data analysis show that the total number of all interviews obtained, the proportion of interviews obtained to overall traffic, and the proportion of non-recreation interviews obtained were different using different sign wording. The total number of recreation interviews obtained and the proportion of recreation interviews obtained were not different statistically.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 380 Serial (down) 2398
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Author English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Kocis, S.M.,
Title Designing a Sampling System for Concurrently Measuring Outdoor Recreation Visitation and Describing Visitor Characteristics Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 28-33
Keywords MMV2, National Visitor Use Monitoring, onsite sampling, sampling plan, use estimation, visitor characteristics, sample allocation
Abstract Two primary information needs for managing recreation areas and the visitors to those areas are: (1) good estimates of visitation volume, and (2) accurate descriptions of visitor characteristics, such as length of stay, frequency of visit, and primary activity. For National Forests in the United States of America with large undeveloped areas, efficient sampling for the two types of information may be to a large extent incompatible. Sampling plans that address visitation volume issues allocate most of the sample days to the largest and most internally variable strata. Sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics allocate sampling effort to locations that most efficiently provide visitor information, such as at developed sites. Additionally, sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics may need to ensure spatial or temporal dispersion of the sample, in order to ensure adequate representation of different visitor sub-groups. A method is demonstrated for allocating days into sampling strata which balances the contribution of sample days in improving the accuracy of the total visitation estimate with the contribution of the sample day to maximizing the quantity and dispersion of visitor information. The resulting sampling allocation provides an optimal solution to address both of the information needs through a single data collection effort. A second phase of the method addresses how to ensure spatial and temporal dispersion of sampling effort. Examples of applications on National Forests in the United States are provided.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 378 Serial (down) 2397
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Author Krämer, A.; Roth, R.; Schmidt, A.; Türk, S.,
Title Evaluation of the success of visitor flow management projects in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 194-201
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Nature sports place a number of demands upon the landscape structures being utilised. In order to assess the effects of sporting activities on nature and the landscape, it is insufficient to simply analyse the impacts of certain sports. Therefore, new assessment and planning methods for sporting areas are necessary in order to identify potential ecological conflicts and draw conclusions with respect to the desired aims and the measures to be implemented. The extent of the reference level plays a key role in the planning procedure. Tools, which include spatial as much as factual information, are necessary for implementation at all levels. The application of modern information technology, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), is required. The term ‘Sport Area Management System’ (SAMS) is used to describe management possibilities in the context of the development of a sustainable sporting area. The SAMS includes various components of sport orientated land use planning and the management of sporting activities. It is subdivided into regional and local sport area management. The approaches to visitor flow management and communications are of particular significance at both levels. The SAMS concept is illustrated on the basis of the example of the sports tourism concepts developed for the Southern Black Forest Nature Park. The park offers many different opportunities for sporting activities and tourism. At the same time, a substantial part of the area is of a high ecological value. Therefore, the nature park association is seeking a sport tourism concept, which identifies and analyses potential conflicts and possibilities for further development. Following a detailed assessment of the current situation an analysis of the possibilities and potential conflicts was carried out. Further emphasis was placed on the development of an overall concept and possibilities for further development. The implementation of the project findings in parts of the nature park, and subsequent monitoring, are also important parts of the concept. Visitor flow management model projects are shown with the examples of hiking, mountainbiking and Nordic Walking. The methodology behind the SAMS proved to be useful when the projects were put into practice. The initial model projects had the desired positive effect and the concept is to be applied to the whole nature park. Visitor flow management revealed that the large majority of sport tourists made use of the facilities. The co-existence and the cooperation between nature protection and all stakeholders in the region are an important basis for successful future development.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 370 Serial (down) 2393
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Author English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.,
Title Characteristics and Use Patterns of Visitors to Dispersed Areas of Urban National Forests Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 179-184
Keywords MMV2, Urban forests, use patterns, visitor perceptions, crowding, visitor characteristics, demographics, wilderness
Abstract Public recreation areas near large urban centers are experiencing increasing pressure from visitation, especially in undeveloped and wildland areas that are close to expanding population centers. Understanding the use patterns, characteristics, and perceptions of recreation visitors is critical to managing these areas for maximum sustainable benefits. Of the over 120 National Forests in the United States, eighteen have been officially designated as ‘Urban’, because of their proximity to large metropolitan areas. Sixteen of these forests have designated Wilderness areas within them. This paper examines the recreation visitors to the undeveloped portions of those National Forests. Key market segments of visitors are identified with respect to demographics, residence, annual use frequency, and visit duration. In addition, visitor perceptions of crowding and safety and their relationship with visitation levels are examined.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 366 Serial (down) 2391
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Author Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.,
Title A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 100-105
Keywords MMV2
Abstract An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364 Serial (down) 2390
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Author De Vries, S.; Jellema, A.; Goossen, M.,
Title FORVISITS: modelling visitor flows at a regional level Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 78-84
Keywords MMV2
Abstract The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) is trying to develop a coherent set of indicators to monitor nature areas in the Netherlands. One of the proposed indicators is the recreational use of nature areas. Besides indicating the social value of a specific area, recreational use may be also be used as input for modelling habitat quality, another MNP-indicator. Recreational use itself is likely to depend on the attractiveness of the area, such as its scenic beauty. This attractiveness is yet another MNPindicator. Because the MNP wants a national overview of the recreation use of all nature areas, on-site monitoring is not a feasible option. Therefore we have started to develop a model to predict the number of recreational visits to forests and nature areas: FORVISITS. Although the model is still in its early stages, a first nation-wide application has taken place and will be presented.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 358 Serial (down) 2387
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Author Van Den Berg, C.; Van Bree, F.; Cottrell, S.,
Title PAN Parks implementation process: cross cultural comparison – Bieszczady & Slovenski Raij National Parks Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 222-229
Keywords MMV2
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 354 Serial (down) 2385
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A.,
Title Social Carrying Capacity of Canoeists in Austria´s Danube Floodplains National Park Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 256-263
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Increasing recreational activities in National Parks affect natural resources as well as the recreational quality. In the Danube Floodplains National Park, stagnant waters, such as the Stopfenreuter and Spittelauer Arm, are a crucial component for ecological integrity, and at the same time constitute a main visitor attraction. In the summers of 2002 and 2003 a visitor survey investigated the perceived crowding of canoeists and whether the social carrying capacity is exceeded. Results of this study are that the social carrying capacity of this area has obviously been reached at certain times.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 350 Serial (down) 2383
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Author Magro, T.C.; Kataoka, S.Y.; Van Bentveld, C.-T.G.,
Title Improving the environmental conditions in intensively used rural areas Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 242-247
Keywords MMV2
Abstract The rural area of Brotas in the southeast of Brazil was national pioneer in the development of intensive adventure tourism, based on enjoying nature. The exploitation of the bounder-areas of the rural properties offered a new income base for the town and improved the working opportunities for the local youth. But there is a setback. There are signs that the fast growing flux of tourists in the town is provoking lesser satisfaction for the visitors and causes damage to the natural environment. This is of great concern for all parties, especially for the local government, as most of the trails and natural attractions lie within Permanent Protected Areas. These areas are often the only pristine settings with potential for recreational use. They are seen as very sensitive areas, protected by the Forest Code of Law, but in reality are managed by private landowners. The Local Government Policy Plan for The Development of Sustainable Tourism (2002), using the input of underlying research project, confronts this dilemma. It was the focus of this research to combine governmental restrictions with new regulations, defined by private landowners, tourism agencies, non-governmental organizations and the municipality. Brotas has introduced measures to maintain or improve the environmental conditions of the rural properties. One of the measures is monitoring the existing conditions in order to control the visitors’ impacts to a maximum. In this research project, we used indicators on the trails and waterfalls of Brotas in order to discover and evaluate if the set of goals for the preservation of vegetation, soil and visitorsatisfaction were reached. The selection of the indicators and the standards for desirable conditions were based on the objectives established by Brotas Municipality Council for Tourism – COMTUR.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 346 Serial (down) 2381
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