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	Author	Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera-Carbonell, S.; Dorado-Martinez, V.; Nogueira- Mendes, R.M.; Iturria, D.; Sola, M.,
	Title	How many is too much? A methodological approach to determining climbing carrying capacity. The case of Margalef Site – Serra de Montsant Natural Park – Spain			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	196-197
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Protected areas (PA) are key territories for protecting biodiversity while also providing opportunities for human-environment interactions through recreation and tourism, activities that have generally grown all over the world. Over the last three decades, due to the improvement of materials, techniques, and methods of physical preparation, one of the recreational/sports use that has increased considerably in PA has been Climbing that has reached unpredictable popularity and technical levels, increasing pressure and impacts over natural and fragile environments. The Montsant Natural Park, located in the westernmost of the Catalan Pre-littoral range, within the Priorat region, is a special rocky territory with five differentiated climbing areas among which Margalef stands out by being a well known internationally climbing spot with over 1500 routes. This PA that occupies 9.242 hectares, received nearly 166.000 visits in 2020, of which almost 55% concentrated in Margalef area (Farias, Morera & Dorado, 2019). To manage visitation and nature conservation, several carrying capacity frameworks have been developed over the last decades considering all its environmental, social, and economic factors but only a few attempts have been made to operationalize this concept and to transform it into a management tool (Manning 2002). This paper aims to present an adaptation of Cifuentess Touristic Carrying Capacity (Cifuentes,1992), widely applied in the context of trails, to the climbing routes.
	Call Number				Serial	4288
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	Author	Rupf, R.; Pachlatko, J.B.; Wyttenbach, M.,
	Title	Backcountry winter recreation in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Engiadina Val Müstair, Switzerland – Developments in the last 10 years			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	200-201
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Engiadina Val Müstair is situated in the easternmost part of Switzerland at the border to Italy. Since 2010, together with the Swiss National Park, it forms Switzerlands first UNESCO biosphere reserve in the alpine region. The biosphere reserve is well known for its wildlife such as the ibex, chamois and red deer as well as grouse such as the black grouse and capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). The latter is a large woodland species with very specialized habitat preferences. Its population has declined in recent decades in Central Europe and therefore the species is classified as endangered EN on the Swiss red list of breeding birds. Due to cold conditions with high snow cover and a lack of feed, capercaillies are very sensitive to disturbance in winter.At the same time, Val Müstair biosphere reserve is a renowned backcountry winter recreation area which attracts many visitors who are passionate about winter sports activities like snowshoeing or ski mountaineering. As a consequence, the issue of conflicts between backcountry activities and conservation has emerged. The situation from 2008 to 2010 was analysed by Rupf et al. (2011). It could be demonstrated that winter recreationists travel quite often through capercaillie core habitats.According to Swiss nationwide representative surveysfrom 2008 to 2020, the number of declared active winter backcountry sports recreationists has increased by 275 % from about 165,000 to 455,000 (Lamprecht et al., 2009, 2015, 2020). Additionally, Haegeli et al. (2019) and Rupf et al. (2019) state that some backcountry visitor groups look to avoid crowds and therefore enter new terrain, even though it would increase their risk of being caught by an avalanche. Based on those findings, there is an implication that the wildlife habitats will continue to subjected to the pressure of recreational backcountry winter sports activities. In this article we will address following research questions:1) Could increased numbers of winter backcountry recreationists also be observed in the countryside, specifically in UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Val Engiadina Val Müstair? – How have the numbers of usage changed in the last ten years?2) What effects did a forest clearance on a ski mountaineering route have for its neighbouring wildlife habitats?
	Call Number				Serial	4290
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	Author	Pereira da Silva, C.; Mendes, R.N.; Fonseca, C.,
	Title	10 years of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas: Challenges and pitfalls			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	202-203
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The protected areas, including UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, have been witnessing an increase in the number of visitors, resulting in periods of human overload, which can compromise the development strategy, conservation objectives, and the quality of the recreational experience. Information about visitors is therefore vital to create new management strategies, which also include education and environmental awareness.Now, that in 2021 we are celebrating the 10th anniversary of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas (Portugal), it is appropriate to assess the evolution in the last decade, mainly about visitation, and consider the challenges ahead.
	Call Number				Serial	4291
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.,
	Title	Monitoring of recreation use in Austrian UNESCO Biosphere Reserves – the case of the Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	206-207
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	UNESCOs MAB Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) play a key role in the integration of biodiversity conservation in sustainable development. Since 1976, when the MAB Programme designated the first 57 BRs, the Programme has undergone many significant developments. Meanwhile, the WNBR includes more than 700 BRs in 129 countries (Köck & Arnberger 2017). BRs include not only attractive landscapes and specific landscape features but also settlement areas, and can even include parts of larger cities. Such areas are exposed not only to high overnight and day tourism pressure but also to the everyday recreation of even millions of urban residents. Austria established its first four BRs in 1977. These first generation BRs were removed from the WNBR between 2014 and 2016 because of not fulfilling the renewed criteria for BRs (Köck & Arnberger 2017). Two of these BRs were located in East-Austria and part of national parks. While for the former Untere Lobau BR, which is part of the city of Vienna, a rich and long-term data base on recreation uses exists (Arnberger 2006), there is little knowledge on recreation uses of the former Neusiedler-See BR. Between 2000 and 2019, four second generation BRs were established, among these the Wienerwald BR (WBR) located in East-Austria.
	Call Number				Serial	4293
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	Author	Hurtado, M.; Burns, R.; Andrew, R.G.; Schwarzmann, D.; Moreira, J.C.,
	Title	Visitor satisfaction and crowding at the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	230-230
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Understanding the human benefits and pressures on ocean and coastal environments is critical to keep managing these areas in a sustainable way. Outdoor recreation in marine protected areas has been increasing over the years. The increasing popularity of marine areas presents a paradox. On one hand, people seek to recreate in unique natural coastal environments with settings that match their needs and desires, and at the same time, millions of people depend on coral reefs and their income from tourism. On the other hand, the same increased recreational attention has resulted in negative impacts on the physical and social environment. Unfortunately, the literature indicates that sandy coastal areas are naturally more vulnerable to recreation impacts due to interactions between wind, waves and sediments. This is the main reason why an effective management and monitoring of visitor use is fundamental in marine protected areas. Carrying capacity is a term that emerged within the environmental and outdoor recreation fields of study and can be used as a potential management tool. A background on social carrying capacity leads to two important terms, which are satisfaction and crowding. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the satisfaction and crowding of visitors at the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. There are different variables that can influence overall satisfaction and crowding levels, this study will compare these variables across recreation users, such as snorkelers and divers, and other demographic variables in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
	Call Number				Serial	4303
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	Author	Moreira, J.; Burns, R.; Andrew, R.; Schwarzmann, D.; Hurtado, M.; Martins, L.,
	Title	Social media posts: An experience from Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, US			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	232-233
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The US National Marine Sanctuaries newly developed visitor estimation effort (NMS-COUNT, Figure 1) engages academics, agency scientists and managers in an iterative process to research and identify visitor estimation methods applicable to a specific site (NMS-COUNT, Burns et al, 2020).The NMS-COUNT process uses multiple different data sources to estimate visitation on water and along shorelines.Data sources include visitor interviews, traffic counts, satellite data, smart buoy data, and other technological methods.As a part of this study, social media was used to better understand perceptions and use by recreationists.The objective was to identify and analyze pictures posted by visitors that were geotagged with a specific location in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
	Call Number				Serial	4304
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	Author	Burns, R.; Andrew, R.; Schwarzmann, D.; Moreira, J.,
	Title	Estimating marine sanctuary public use: Preliminary results from a US National Ma-rine Sanctuaries pilot project			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	234-235
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The U.S. contains over 172,481 square miles of underwater parks designated as National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS).They serve as a bridge to nat-ural resource exploration, education, recreation, tourism, and offer many other ecosystem services for both U.S. citizens and foreign visitors alike.Visitors to these areas number in the mil-lions each year and account for significant eco-nomic production within, and adjacent to, these areas as well. Despite the popularity and im-portance of these areas on the whole, a knowledge gap exists with respect to visitor use and monitoring in areas of specific aquatic orien-tation.Visitor use can be profoundly productive in terms of economic activity. Therefore, the National Marine Sanctuary System is critical in supporting vast production of economic activity each year.With their unique resources, National Marine Sanctuaries attract large numbers of visi-tors every year and may serve as primary eco-nomic drivers for surrounding communities. However, specific visitor use counting and moni-toring methods are not standardized or properly applicable to specific marine sanctuary sites.A better understanding of visitor use patterns and motivations at specific marine sanctuary sites would increase the capacity for economic growth and sustainability of valuable ecosystem services in these areas. Marine sanctuaries and parks inherently have porous borders, and multiple access points may make counting as a means to arrive at visitation estimates a challenging ap-proach.The National Marine Sanctuaries Visitor Counting Process (NMS-COUNT) offers an iterative framework to address this knowledge gap while involving key stakeholders throughout the pro-cess.In this way, communication among manag-ers and researchers is incorporated to help de-velop and implement the most efficient method-ology for a particular aquatic area.
	Call Number				Serial	4305
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	Author	Schwarzmann, D.; Burns, R.; Andrew, R.,
	Title	Understanding recreation use at Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A pilot study			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	236-237
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	NOAAs Office of National Marine Sanctuaries has a long history of understanding economic expenditures in and near sanctuary settings. Users use can be profoundly productive in terms of economic activity.Many studies have documented the linkage between users use and economic gain for particular areas.A 2016 study conducted by the Department of Commerce determined the gross value of recreational fishing and boating at approximately $38 billion.Concurrently, the National Marine Sanctuary System (NMS) is estimated to support several billion dollars of economic activity each year. Nationwide, the National Marine Sanctuary system attract millions of users every year and serve as primary economic drivers in many communities. A better understanding of users use patterns and motivations would certainly increase the capacity for sustainable use and preservation of ecosystem services in these areas. The National Marine Sanctuaries Users Counting Process (NMS-COUNT) is a methodology being used to understand user expenditures at Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) during the 2020/21 timeframe.Field sampling was originally scheduled for spring and summer 2020, relying on a variety of data collection techniques including in-person surveys and point counts of users.However, the recent development and spread of novel coronavirus COVID-19 within the U.S. and around the world has caused disruptions in travel and everyday life, including research activities.
	Call Number				Serial	4306
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	Author	Andrew, R.; Burns, R.; Hentz, A.; Schwarzmann, D.,
	Title	Monitoring remote aquatic protected area use with remote methods during a pandemic: Innovation as necessity			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	238-239
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Monitoring outdoor recreation and use in remote aquatic areas presents challenges beyond traditional sampling and methodologies. A diversity of entry points and mechanisms, coupled with diffuse pathways to enter such areas makes assessment of use especially sensitive to bias and limitations of methods.Also, the unique attributes of protected areas make use assessment and monitoring an inherently customizable problem.To address these challenges, an iterative process that incorporates local expert knowledge to prioritize methods that balance accuracy and efficiency is preferred.One such process, called NMS-COUNT (Burns et al. 2020) has been developed to address use monitoring at National Marine Sanctuaries within the United States.This process seeks to apply a standardized assessment of potential methods through extensive literature review (Andrew et al. 2021) and expert panel feedback to arrive at a customized formula of methods suitable for context-specific protected areas.This method was applied to two pilot study sites using data from 2019-2020 in Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the southeastern U.S. During the development phase of the process, mixed methods were prioritized, including the use of in-person surveys and counting. As the design phase progressed and was ready for implementation, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as an even greater challenge to human use sampling and monitoring.
	Call Number				Serial	4307
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	Author	Lemmen, M.; Burns, R.C.; Andrew, R.G.; Schwarzmann, D.,
	Title	Assessment of visitation patterns in Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary: An offshore aquatic protected area			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	240-241
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The United States includes over 600,000 square miles of underwater parks designated as National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS). These areas often serve as a popular destination for natural resource exploration, recreation, tourism, and they offer many other ecosystem services. Understanding visitor use is fundamental for engaging and improving management in protected areas. As part of a larger scale project, named NMS-COUNT, which is developing a methodology to estimate the number of visitors in National Marine Sanctuaries, two questionnaires were distributed to potential visitors of Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) and surrounding coastal Georgia. The first survey instrument was focused on visitation and trip characteristics and the second one was focused on economics. Both questionnaires included questions about the participants demographics, trip characteristics, recreation activities and the location of GRNMS as well as departure points, the most visited location of coastal Georgia and departure points for ocean recreation trips. Participants were asked to indicate the locations on separate heat maps. The sample size of this study was 1,650 effective survey contacts, with a response rate of 50.7 %.
	Call Number				Serial	4308
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	Author	Keller, R.,
	Title	Sounds like Norway: a review of research needs and future paths			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	272-272
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Many of us experience some surprise when we step off a beaten trail and into a wooded dell. Suddenly, we feel a bit closer to nature: not be-cause we have finally arrived, but because we finally hear. There has been an emphasis in re-search and conservation policy about the visual features of landscape. Yet, we hear place as much as we see it. The weaving of sounds and percep-tion within place is called the soundscape. Natu-ral soundscapes (areas mostly free of undesirable anthropogenic sounds, i.e. noise) provision hu-man wellbeing and influence positive behavior, whereas noise in nature severely degrades expe-riences connected to outdoor life (i.e.friluftsliv) and impacts wildlife. In Norway 2.1 million (40%) are exposed to outdoor noise exceeding 55dBA – a level known to drive adverse health effects- and has serious implications for effective conservation of biodiversity and diverse restorative experienc-es in national parks. Thus, parks have an increas-ing importance to harbor natural sounds and are-as free of noise. This paper presents a possible series of steps to assess and monitor natural soundscapes, following guidance provided by the US National Park Service Division of Natural Sounds, and the work of Ferraro et al. 2020, Le-venhagen et al. 2020, among others: 1. establish-ing what sounds people expect or need to hear when recreating in particular national parks and what constitutes noise (national survey); 2. inven-torying sounds using passive audio recorders (PARs) linked as a sensory array from remote to high access settings (ecological and human dis-turbance gradient); 3. linking reported friluftsliv experience with perception of place and sounds to collected acoustic data(attended listening sur-vey); 4. mapping noise proliferation in parks (PARs); 5. experimentally modify noise levels via messaging or restricting recreation equipment use to examine effects on bird distributions (point counts) human perceived (bird)biodiversity, quality, wellbeing and support for natural sounds conservation efforts (survey); 6. bring in identified important natural sounds and noise sources as indicators of soundscape quality in a management by objective framework for natural resource managers. The paper highlights how these steps may be deployed in two case studies, Femundsmarka and Rondane national parks.
	Call Number				Serial	4321
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	Author	Olafsson, A.S.; Purves, R.S.; Garcia-Martin, M.; Wartmen, F.; Fagerholm, N.; Torralba, M.; Albert, C.; Verbrugge, L.; Heikinheimo, V.; Kaaronen, R.; Hartmann, M.; Plieninger, T.; Raymond, C.,
	Title	Comparing landscape value patterns between participatory mapping and social media content across Europe.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	292-293
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fuele…Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fueled by open georeferenced data and social media opportunities. Knowledge on how visitors use and value landscapes is increasingly elucidated by social media data or user-generated data passively contributed by online communities. Examples of this is the use of data from social media such as Flickr, where users share and store geocoded images in an online platform. Here images, locations and associated tags is opportunistic crowdsourced by researchers and planners to conceptually and spatially elicit landscape values such as cultural ecosystem services and relational values.At the same time, integrated landscape planning and management has increasingly focus on planning ideals of deliberative processes, co-creation and inclusion of diverse values. Examples of this is participatory mapping techniques aimed to support the inclusion of diverse values held by residents and visitors into integrated landscape management. By the use of online public participation GIS (PPGIS), participants are actively recruited to purposely map socio-cultural values about specific landscapes.The values data collated using active participatory mapping techniques and passive user generated data is rarely compared.In this study, we bring PPGIS and Flickr together in an exploration and discussion of the similarities and differences. In contrast to previous comparative studies focused on single study site, we expand the analyses from a single site to cross-site analyses of 19 landscapes across Europe (in 11 countries). We argue that in order for planners to harness the qualities of both – we need to place a spotlight on strengths and shortcomings of each method and core opportunities for complementary use. We do this by a direct comparison of the spatial distribution, intensity and type of landscape values elicited using PPGIS and Flickr data.Moreover, we relate similarities or differences to specific landscape characteristics and types of landscape values.
	Call Number				Serial	4330
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	Author	Mendes, R. M. N.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.; Morera, S.; Dorado, V.,
	Title	Using web share services to monitor high sensitive habitats. A GIS approach to Pedraforca, Spain.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	298-299
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Over the last decades, recreational uses in Natural & Protected Areas (N&PA) have increased largely all over the world, requiring extra efforts among staff and management teams of these territories to deal with this reality. In many places, nature conservation has somehow even been replaced by tourism management due to social and economic factors altogether with the massification of visitors. Modern lifestyles have contributed to this situation where visitation peaks concentrate within short periods such as Holy Week, summer, or winter vacations depending on local culture and social habits. Quite often these visitation peaks largely exceed any ecological or social carrying capacity becoming a delicate subject to deal with, reducing in many cases the administration of N&PA to the management of visitors crowds and traffic.One of the situations that happen due to overuse is the proliferation of trails that can lead to ecological and soil impacts from erosion, roots/bare rock exposure to changes of species, or habitat fragmentation, among others. Even in N&PA with a well-structured trails network, the proliferation of variants of trails and paths can easily happen, becoming a serious problem for managers due to its ecological impacts but also due to risk and safety issues for visitors/users. Keeping tracking and monitoring trails proliferation is a demanding task, where technology such as high-resolution imagery or digital elevation models can provide a huge help. Nevertheless, although these data sources become more affordable and widely available they might not work for all places. In this paper, we discuss the use of smart data and technologies as a potential tool to provide new insights on how to deal with this issue by taking advantage of web-share platforms and a myriad of GPS tracks – what can be acknowledged as an advantage of modern uses of N&PA.
	Call Number				Serial	4333
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	Author	Ankre, R.; Wall-Reinius, S.,
	Title	Accessible recreational areas? A pilot study on disabilities, experiences and the outdoors			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	312-313
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Nature experiences and outdoor recreation have numerous positive outcomes with important physical and mental health benefits for the individual. In various international and Swedish legislative proposals and governmental letters this is evident; public health and well-being must be supported, as well as outdoor recreation, and nature experiences for everyone. Some groups in society are nevertheless excluded. Different physical disabilities can be particularly challenging due to physical barriers in nature. It can also be a challenge to get to nature areas because of, for example, incomplete information, long distances, transportation, or individual ability. Lack of accessibility is still a crucial obstacle for people with disabilities to participate in outdoor recreation (Burns et al., 2009). A better understanding of the participation patterns and perceived constraints by people with disabilities is necessary if nature and outdoor recreation are going to become accessible and inclusive (Corazon et al., 2019). The project aims to understand factors that enable and hinder participation in outdoor activities for people with physical disabilities. In the context of Östersund municipality, Sweden, we discuss how people with physical disabilities perceive accessibility to nature, and analyse available information on websites. What prevents people from getting out into nature? What kind of barriers can be identified? What kind of information is needed and is it available?
	Call Number				Serial	4338
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	Author	Prescott, M.; Robillard, J.; Grandisson, M.; Mahmood, A.; Francois, R.; Best, K.L.; Labbe, D.; Mostafavi, M. A.; Miller, W. C.; Morales, E.; Sawatzky, B.; Bulk, L.; Aguilar-Carrasco, M. J.; Borisoff, J.; Mortenson, W. B.,
	Title	Providing accessible recreation outdoors: User-driven research on standards (PARCOURS) – Research protocol			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	316-317
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Although people with disabilities desire outdoor park experiences similar to other visitors, getting around parks and enjoying their features can be a challenge. There are environmental obstacles and hazards that affect the accessibility and enjoyment of parks (i.e., wayfaring) as well as difficulties maintaining orientation and direction (i.e., wayfinding) that can result in anxiety. These conditions can diminish the many benefits attributable to park participation. In Canada, federal parks have a duty to accommodate, as best they can, the diverse needs and preferences of people with disabilities who make up 22.3% of the population. In response to this imperative, Canada is in the process of developing accessibility standards to ensure universal access. The overarching purpose of this study, funded by Accessible Standards Canada (ASC), is to inform these standards through the lived experiences of people with disabilities. The objectives are to identify and prioritize the impact environmental factors have on the ability of individuals to gain access to and enjoyment of all aspects of the park experience, document the range of these requirements, and develop and prioritize standards that can be used by parks to promote accessibility in parks. The following describes the proposed protocol for the study.
	Call Number				Serial	4340
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	Author	Puhakka, R.; Pitkanen, K.; Oinonen, I.,
	Title	Does nature support the integration of immigrant youth? A study on adolescents in the city of Lahti, Finland			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	328-329
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Successful integration of immigrants has been identified as the key for future social and economic well-being in EU. In Finland, a great share of the recent immigrants consists of people who have come to Finland as asylum seekers from countries whose cultural and natural environment is different from the Nordic countries. Nature has traditionally played a central role in the Finnish identity, although there are signs of polarisation in relation to nature among younger generations (Hakoköngäs & Puhakka 2021).Meanwhile, it is increasingly recognised that contact with nature promotes psychological, physiological, and social well-being and health (Keniger et al. 2013). Contact with nature can play an important role for social cohesion and immigrant integration (Jay & Schraml 2009). Green spaces seem to be especially important for immigrant youth to make contacts and friends across cultures (Seeland et al. 2009). Hence, nature can be an important means for integration, but it should also be understood as a resource that should be equally accessible to all (Gentin et al. 2019). Gentin et al. (2019) have suggested that the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of structural and cultural integration that emphasises the importance of equal access to natural environments and knowledge related to nature. Nature is also important for interactive and identificational integration by offering a platform and means for social interactions and a meaningful target to form emotional bonds with other people and places. This study applies the framework of integration (Esser 1999; Gentin et al. 2019) to study how nature supports the integration as well as the well-being of immigrant youth in Finland. We explore adolescents participation in outdoor recreation and their well-being experiences of and relationships with nature in the city of Lahti. We analyse the differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups to discuss how nature can support the health and well-being as well as interactive and identificational integration of immigrants, and how structurally and culturally inclusive nature is to the youth.
	Call Number				Serial	4346
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	Author	Pouwels, R.; Van Eupen, M.; Walvoort, D.; Jochem, R.,
	Title	Using GPS monitoring to develop tools for managers to assess the impact of management interventions on visitor densities and bird populations			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	336-337
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Achieving objectives for outdoor recreation as well as nature conservation in protected areas is a challenge as outdoor recreation can have nega-tive impacts on nature (Larson et al. 2016). To manage the potential conflict between outdoor recreation and nature conservation, managers often need to intervene. One of the most com-mon interventions is restricting visitors access (Hammitt et al. 2015). Although the necessity for such restrictions is easy to explain, managers need information on the effectiveness of these interventions. As visitor densities vary across pro-tected areas and the combined impact of all visi-tors is difficult to assess, managers often lack this information. Here we present an approach based on GPS-tracking and bird monitoring, managers can use to assess the impact of different access scenarios for the New Forest, UK. For most part the approach and results have been describe in Pouwels et al. (2020).
	Call Number				Serial	4349
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	Author	Tverijonaite, E.; Saeporsdottir, A. D.; Olafsdottir, R.; C. Michael Hall, C. M.,
	Title	Nature-based tourism and renewable energy infrastructure: tourism industrys perceptions of the impact area of power plants on tourism			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	362-363
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Due to its reliance on natural landscapes nature-based tourism is sensitive to other land uses which lead to landscape changes, such as renewable energy harnessing. For identification of locations most suitable for renewable energy infrastructure knowledge regarding the spatial extent of the impacts of such infrastructure on nature-based tourism is highly needed. Estimating the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on nature-based tourism is, however, challenging. Besides taking into consideration the characteristics of the energy infrastructure and of the surrounding landscapes it is important to investigate how power plants change the meanings assigned to the areas by various tourism stakeholders. Moreover, natural areas used for tourism can be defined as places which are constructed via numerous relations and processes going on within these areas and in larger networks (Massey, 2005; Urry & Larsen, 2011). Therefore, it should be taken into consideration how renewable energy infrastructure affects surrounding areas as elements of tourism systems (Leiper, 1979, 1990). This study focuses on the views of the tourism industry in Iceland and aims to i) map the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism as perceived by the tourism industry; and ii) investigate the factors affecting the size and shape of the perceived impact area. To achieve these aims 49 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the managers of the tourism companies operating near six existing and proposed hydro-, geothermal and wind power projects situated within or at the border of the Icelandic Central Highlands. This area is an important venue for nature-based tourism as well as of high interest for further energy infrastructure development due to abundance of renewable resources. During the interviews, participants were asked to map their perceived impact areas of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism using participatory mapping software and, among other topics, to discuss the reasoning behind their estimated impact areas.
	Call Number				Serial	4360
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	Author	Mendes, R. M. N.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.; Pereira da Silva, C.; Juliao, R. P.,
	Title	Nature-based sports events and natural and protected areas in Portugal. A geographic mapping approach			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	372-373
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Natural & Protected Areas (N&PA) have always promoted visitation and leisure uses of its terri-tories, but these have changed dramatically over the last few decades. Soft and contemplative activities like walking, hiking, or camping have moved to hard skill/adventure practices such as trail running (TR), mountain biking (MTB), among others carrying new challenges to these territo-ries. The urbanization/globalization of the world population have for sure played some role in these new practices, where N&PA are used at the same time as an escape from modern ways of life reconnecting people to the environment/wild, but also attracting urban lifestyles, usually fore-seen as new opportunities for local and regional development making balance between positive and negative impacts difficult to measure and monitor. Large nature-based sports events of MTB and more recently of TR are two of these new uses that can gather up to thousands of practi-tioners and visitors over several days depending on different factors. Although “natural/rural” landscapes and positive climbs are not exclusive of N&PA its not uncommon that these concen-trate the most appellative territories for these nature-based activities. Previous studies on MTB have found that these events tend to happen in Portugal more close to N&PA (Nogueira Mendes, Farías-Torbidoni & Pereira da Silva, 2021) and that within Lisbon Metropolitan Area, 60% of MTB rides target at least one of its peri-urban N&PA – that altogether occupy only 10% of the territory (Nogueira Mendes, Farías-Torbidoni & Pereira da Silva [submitted]). Julião, Valente & Nogueira Mendes (2018) found that 30% of the actual trail runners are old mountain bikers, sug-gesting that MTB is being gradually replaced by TR in terms of popularity. What could be a pressure relief in terms of environmental and social im-pacts from MTB, could be a new wave of concerns to N&PA managers, since TR is bringing not just older but also new users and different demands.To better understand the role of N&PA on MTB and TR events organized in Portugal, the location of all these nature-based sports events promoted in 2018 was plotted against the Na-tional Network of Classified Areas (SNAC), to eval-uate its attractiveness and possible susceptibility. SNAC includes the National Network of Protected Areas (RNAP), Natura 2000 Network sites, Ramsar sites, and UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, covering a total of 29,58% of the country area that follows under the jurisdiction of the National Institute of Nature Conservation and Forestry in terms of recreational and sports use. Although both MTB and TR are sports activities, many events fall off the jurisdiction of its sports federations and their official calendars, requiring secondary data to monitor it at the national level. Data was gath-ered from Timing companies – often hired to manage registrations and insurances, along with national & regional federations/associations, so-cial media, municipalities, and local cultural and sports clubs webpages. Extra searches were con-ducted within the WWW during February 2019 using the terms: “MTB”, “TR” and “2018”. Results have found 608 MTB and 461 TR events scattered all over Portugal mainland, that were georefer-enced and uploaded to a GIS project (Figure 1). Proximity to all protected and classified areas was measure using a 10 km search radius since most MTB and TR events have several race lengths.
	Call Number				Serial	4364
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	Author	Dorado, V.; Farias-Torbidoni, E. O.; Mendes, R. N.; Morera, S.; Garriga, M.; Villanueva, M.,
	Title	Tourist carrying capacity. A turning point to a sustainable tourism model. The case of Alt Pirineu National Park – Spain.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	56-57
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	In the last decades, the world population has increased its physical sports activities in the natural environment. According to the last Eurobarometer survey about outdoor sports, Spain figures in third place with 53% of the population claiming that have been involved in physical outdoor activities, after Finland (67%) and Austria (54%) (European Commission, 2018). As a result, there has been an increase in overcrowding in Protected Areas, which has attracted the attention in the Spanish mass media revealing the consequences that have already demonstrated in various environmental (Cole, 2008; Newsome, 2014; Pickering, 2010; Salesa & Cerda, 2020), social (Weiler et al., 2019) and security studies (Moscoso, 2004). On that point, different public and private entities requested solutions to manage overcrowding in different natural parks through the determination of the Tourist Carrying Capacity (TCC), i.e. maximum number of people who can visit an area at the same time, without damaging the physical, economic or sociocultural environment, nor cause an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction (OMT, s. f.). This article aims to show the application of the Cifuentes (1992) methodology about the TCC in 17 trails of Alt Pirineu Natural Park (PNAP), within Vall Ferrera to be included in the next trail guide of the park.
	Call Number				Serial	4223
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	Author	Franco Roque, B.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Pereira da Silva, C.,
	Title	Monitoring Walkers and Hikers of Madeira Island through web-share services			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	75-77
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The aim of this study is to explore whether web shared data can be used with the purpose of identifying users’ country of residence and compare it with the official touristic data regarding incoming markets of Madeira
	Call Number				Serial	4061
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	Author	Ankre, R.
	Title	Snowmobiling and free riding in the Jamtland mountains, Sweden			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	87-89
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This project investigates conflicts over land use in the context of the Jämtland mountain region, Sweden where tensions due to snowmobiling and free riding are increasing. The study takes a planning and management perspective.
	Call Number				Serial	4065
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	Author	Pouwels, R.; van Eupen, M.; Walvoort, D.; Jochem, R.
	Title	Predicting visitors densities in protected areas – rules of thumb for managers based on GPS tracks			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	120-123
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The aim of this conference paper is to derive rules of thumb for managers to predict how far visitors will enter the area and where visitor densities are high. We will use statistics to predict what features of the path network and landscape characteristics determine visitor densities in the area. We used a large dataset of GPS tracks from walkers and dog-walkers that has been collected during the PROGRESS research project for monitoring purposes in the New Forest
	Call Number				Serial	4078
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	Author	Rupf, R.; Stauble, A.
	Title	Monitoring methods of winter backcountry recreation in a wildlife sanctuary			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	131-134
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Wildlife management is an important issue in areas near human settlements and agricultural landscapes, such as the European Alps. In order to objectively assess the impact of backcountry winter routes and to increase acceptance of the results, the transparent recording of parameters such as the number of athletes or their area load is helpful. In this study we tested various different monitoring methods.
	Call Number				Serial	4081
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	Author	Nogueira Mendes, R.; Perreira da Silva, C.
	Title	Looking back at recreational activities in protected areas using VGI from web-share services			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	138-140
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of this paper is to explore if datasets from web-share services collected today can also reflect past changes in trails’ use within R&PA providing a new added value to these data sources – the ability to look back in time
	Call Number				Serial	4083
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	Author	Bizarro, S.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; Santos, T.; Juliao, R.
	Title	Multicriteria analysis a proposal of revitalization of the ancestral trails of the Serra da Estrala Natural Park (PNSE)			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	144-146
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study proposes the development of a methodology based on multicriteria analysis and Geographical Information System (GIS) that takes into account different levels and types of information, to design a recreational network for Serra da Estrela Natural Park suitable to accommodate both conservation needs and visitors and users demand
	Call Number				Serial	4085
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	Author	Wolf, I.; Nogueira Mendes, R.;
	Title	A decade worth of progress in the participatory monitoring and management of visitors in recreational and protected areas			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	147-150
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The authors present and evaluate these methodologies in the context of a literature review, empirical studies and by drawing from their combined knowledge of over 20 years in people monitoring to identify advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional techniques
	Call Number				Serial	4086
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	Author	Runnstrom, M.; Ollafsdottir, R.
	Title	Image analysis to assess hinking impact in Icelandic vegetation communities			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	175-177
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of this research is to study the correlation between hiking impact (number of hikers) and resilience of different vegetation types in some common Icelandic vegetation communities; moss, moss-heath and grassland.
	Call Number				Serial	4096
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	Author	Reigner, N.; Arnason, O.; Hallgrimsson, J.H.; Soevarsoon, R.; Gunnarsdottir, R.; Georgsson, S.O.; Skulladottir, S.S.; Salter, R.
	Title	Expanding carrying capacity assessment from the site level to the national level: An Icelandic case study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	178-179
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Stjórnstöð Ferðamála has commissioned EFLA Consulting Engineers (Iceland), and their collaborators from Recreation and Tourism Science (USA) and TRC Tourism (New Zealand), to develop a nation-wide approach to tourism carrying capacity assessment. This assessment analyzes the economic, infrastructural, and social dimensions of tourism carrying capacity for Iceland. Based on a quantitative modeling approach that predicts destination conditions (Y-axis variables) from tourism drivers (X-axis variables),
	Call Number				Serial	4097
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	Author	Wyttenbach, M.; Walker, D.; Rupf, R.
	Title	E-Mountain biking – Potential for Swiss Tourism Destinations			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	184-186
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Since the 1990s, mountain biking has been one of the fastest growing outdoor recreational activities in Switzerland and now represents an important branch in Swiss tourism. In this study, focus groups were formed to examine the needs of Swiss tourism destinations for adaptation to E-mountain biking, most of them without E-MTB experience. A total of six focus group workshops took place in 2016 in Swiss tourism destinations
	Call Number				Serial	4099
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	Author	Forbord, M.; Lindberg, K.; Siverstvik, R.M.
	Title	Nature based firms and community resilience			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	187-189
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	In rural communities, nature-based tourism (NBT) potentially contributes to resilience. The purpose of this paper is to discuss three aspects of resilience (ecological, economic, and social) with reference to NBT and illustrate this through findings from a study of NBT firms in Norway. The study is part of a cross-disciplinary research project on NBT (BIOTOUR) taking place 2016 to 2020.
	Call Number				Serial	4100
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	Author	Gil, A.; Fonseca, C.; Nogeuira Mendes, R.; Magalhaes, M.F.; Pereira da Silva, C.
	Title	Visitation “barometer” as a tool for environmental management and awareness: the Berlengas nature reserve case study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	200-203
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study aimed to: i) determine the number of visitors in Berlenga island – a baseline for carrying capacity adjustment, and ii) develop a Visitation ‘Barometer’ – a tool presented as a quality scale associated to the recreational pressure of the protected area, with the aim to provide information for management decisions and visual support to environmental awareness.
	Call Number				Serial	4105
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	Author	Stones, R.
	Title	UK National Marine Parks: Managing Tourism and Recreation Through A Paradigm Shift of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	206-207
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	As Stones (2018) states, ‘with so many demands on humanity to overcome social injustice and environmental degradation it does seem absurd to rely on a ‘relative’ model to progress sustainable outcomes from tourism and recreation management strategies. So, with an entirely new model of national park being proposed in the UK, how will a National Marine Park look to progress sustainable outcomes from tourism and recreational use? Will it be through a similar principle of responsibility or will it endorse a paradigm shift and look to progress a new model of responsibility? The character and style of this presentation will use the presenter’s extensive expertise in national park and tourism management to provide a conceptual framework addressing this new model of management.
	Call Number				Serial	4107
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	Author	Bissix, G.; Firth, R.
	Title	Reconciling Smal Scale Protected Area designation with Local and Traditional Land Uses: two Nova Scotia cases			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	220-222
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	European settlers established permanent settlements in Nova Scotia in 1604 substantially altering and dividing the landscape. Seventy percent was privatized into small private forests and farms with remnant Crownland generally found more remotely. More recent land expropriation by the provincial government to consolidate for national park designation in the nineteen thirties, sixties, and seventies (a failed attempt), engendered government distrust tainting later attempts to designate protected areas. Given the context of complex land use, traditional recreational uses and natural resource exploitation, protected area designation often clashes with established local practices. This paper examines two such cases, Black Point Beach /Hemeon’s Head on the South Shore and the Wolfville Watershed Nature Preserve, both in Nova Scotia, Canada
	Call Number				Serial	4112
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	Author	Burns, R.C.
	Title	Use of various of data in decision making: A transportation case study in Seattle, Washington, USA			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	269-270
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Access to outdoor recreation settings can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, including access through transportation methods that enable people to visit recreation areas. This roundtable discussion paper focuses on understanding residents’ preferences for a potential transportation method from a major urban setting (the Seattle-Metro area) to the western, more accessible fringes of the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (MBS), in the US state of Washington. The study involved a series of quantitative studies, focusing on MBS users and non-users.
	Call Number				Serial	4129
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	Author	Moreira, J.C; Burns, R.C.; de Carvalho, G.K.
	Title	Use of game cameras and interviews to monitor visitors: is there crowding in the Iguaçu National Park – Brazil			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	276-277
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of this effort was to collect data with cameras and to verify the satisfaction of the visitor and their crowding perception. The methodology involved interviews with 920 visitors and on-site data collection using a Plotwatcher camera. Camera images were collected each day, between 09h and 19h. Visitors were asked about their perception related with the number of people who were on the park at that time. The interviews took place between December 2017 and January 2018. Photos were also presented with 3 different scenarios to obtain visitors’ perceptions of the number of other visitors in the park. The three options were pictures with few people, with many people and a vast number of other people, so the visitor could answer which photo he preferred.
	Call Number				Serial	4132
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	Author	Olafsdottir, R.; Soeporsdottir, A.D.; Tverijonaire, E.
	Title	Environmental perception of long distance runners in the Icelandic highlands: a comparative study between 2007 and 2018			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	285-286
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study aims to investigate environmental issues concerning trail runners in the Laugavegur Ultra Marathon by: i) assessing runners’ perception of environmental and social issues during their run; ii) identifying and examining what environmental values are held by trail runners as a group, and investigating whether these values have changed since 2007.
	Call Number				Serial	4135
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	Author	Juliao, R.P: Humanas, S.E.; Valente, M.; Nogueira Mendes, R.
	Title	Issues on trail runners, trail running and recreational and protected areas in Portugal			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	290-293
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Present paper delivers a tentative picture of TR in Portugal, providing the first systematic research of this recreational activity. A geographical analysis is done to the race events of 2017 and analyzed according to the trail runners profile in order to understand the main motivations and characteristics of this activity. Comprising the practitioners expectations is an important step to support land managers and decision makers to accommodate those within the main objectives of classified and protected areas – nature conservation, local and sustainable development, etc.
	Call Number				Serial	4138
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	Author	Pettengil, P.; Sharp, R.; Reigner, N.; Manning, R.
	Title	Assessing and managing trail use and endurance activities in Grand Canyon National Park, USA			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	294
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Recent research at Grand Canyon National Park demonstrates that participation in endurance activities, including trail running, tends to be concentrated over a few weekends of the year (Pettengill 2017). When visitor use is concentrated like this, it can create or exacerbate impacts with potentially dramatic and lasting consequences. Impacts can be environmental (e.g., erosion, vegetation damage, contamination from human waste), social (e.g., crowding, conflict, degraded experiences), and administrative (e.g., exhausted employees, overtaxed facilities).
	Call Number				Serial	4139
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	Author	Miller, Z.D.; Freimund, W.A.; Powell, R.B.; Metcalf, E.C.; Nickerson, M.P.
	Title	A framework for integrating values into persuasive communication: value orientations, elaboration, and the theory of planned behaviour			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	302-304
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This presentation presents empirical findings that merge value orientations, the elaboration likelihood model, and the theory of planned behavior into a single framework. Collectively this research enhances communication for visitor use management.
	Call Number				Serial	4144
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