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	Author	Pouwels, R.; Jochem, R.; Henkens, R.J.H.G.,
	Title	Criteria for scientific tools for recreation planning in nature areas			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	320-324
	Keywords	MMV4, Adaptive management, integrating scientific tools, recreation planning, biodiversity
	Abstract	Recreation is increasing the last decades in Northwest-Europe. Although these visitors might have a negative impact on biodiversity values, they are important for the support of biodiversity actions. Therefore a major objective for planning and managing of visitor landscapes is to avoid the negative effects of recreational use and to ensure that expectations of visitors can be afforded. Scientific knowledge and scientific tools always have and always will be important in managing recreation in visitor landscapes. However it is an illusion scientists will deliver ready-to-go answers. In this paper we will define criteria that scientific tools should meet. We will follow the arguments of Haider [1] and McCool et al. [2] that the use of knowledge and tools should be implemented in decision strategies like adaptive management and use experiences from a case study of recreation planning in the New Forest (UK). We will show that scientific tools should be flexible to adapt to local data to gain credibility and legitimacy and should be able to show which management alternative is most likely to meet recreation objectives and conservation objectives. Therefore the recreation tool has to be linked to the biodiversity tool. The scientific tools also should be useful in communication between stakeholders so they learn each other’s key processes and values and better understand the “other side of the table”. Especially because stakeholders have different views about what should or should not be considered a problem.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1030			Serial	2636
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	Author	Rupf, R.; Wernli, M.; Haller, R.,
	Title	How to elaborate precise visitor numbers?			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	161-164
	Keywords	MMV4, Acoustic slab sensor, calibration, visitor census, visitor monitoring, Swiss National Park
	Abstract	Visitor numbers and visitor distribution are required information for various management tasks of recreational areas. Automatic data collection is a low-price opportunity to obtain data. The main problem of automatic methods is data precision. In the Swiss National Park, automatic visitor counting with acoustic slab sensors started in 2005. As precision did not appear to be satisfactory, the counting problems were investigated. Sensor installation strictly followed the instruction manuals given and fine tuning during the calibration period led to a deviance of 5%. Precise counting data resulted in the sum of persons counted whereas direction separated data was not as precise. Recommendations for counting site selection, installation and calibration counting are given.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 960			Serial	2601
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	Author	Poe, A.; Gimblett, R.H.; Goldstein, M.I.; Guertin, P.,
	Title	Evaluating Spatiotemporal Interactions between Winter Recreation and Wildlife Using Agent-Based Simulation Modeling on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	311-312
	Keywords	MMV3, Wilderness management, agent-based simulation, recreation behaviour, geographic information systems, spatial/temporal patterns
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 738			Serial	2492
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	Author	Liechti, T.J.; Burger, T.R.; Zantop, S.A.,
	Title	Visitor Management in a Floodplain Area near Zurich			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	461-462
	Keywords	MMV3, Visitor information, visitor management, floodplain
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 845			Serial	2545
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	Author	Rupf-Haller, R.; Wernli, M.; Filli, F.,
	Title	Visitor Counting with Acoustic Slab Sensors in the Swiss National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	72-77
	Keywords	MMV3, Visitor counting, acoustic slab sensor, Swiss National Park, walking experiments
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 602			Serial	2425
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	Author	Van Marwijk, R.; Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	Types of Typologies – From Recreationists & Tourists to Artificial Agents			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	499-501
	Keywords	MMV3, Tourist typology, artificial agents, recreation, spatial behaviour, recreational behaviour, wilderness experience, landscape preference
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 873			Serial	2559
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	Author	Kharel-Sharma, R.,
	Title	Linking Forestry and People in an Urban Landscape, a Participatory Approach – Case Studies from West London			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	460-460
	Keywords	MMV3, Sustainable urban forestry, ethnic minorities, environmental justice, participatory approach
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 843			Serial	2544
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	Author	Kanoje, R.S.,
	Title	Managing Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Van Vihar National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	205-210
	Keywords	MMV3, Sustainable eco-tourism, tourism carrying capacity, physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, effective carrying capacity, management capacity
	Abstract	Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 675			Serial	2461
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	Author	Manning, R.E.; Newman, P.; Pilcher, E.; Hallo, J.; Valliere, W.; Savidge, M.; Dugan, D.,
	Title	Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 2 – Standards of Quality			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	201-202
	Keywords	MMV3, Soundscapes, standards of quality, norms, park management, national parks
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 671			Serial	2459
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	Author	Lawson, S.R.; Plotkin, K.,
	Title	Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 3 – Computer Simulation			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	203-204
	Keywords	MMV3, Soundscapes, computer simulation, monitoring, park management, national parks
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 673			Serial	2460
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	Author	Van Marwijk, R.; Lengkeek, J.,
	Title	Experiencing Nature – The Recognition of the Symbolic Landscape within Research and Management of Visitor Flows			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	280-281
	Keywords	MMV3, Social construction, nature experiences, symbolic landscape, environmental values, human-environment interaction
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 716			Serial	2481
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	Author	Yamanaka, R.; Murai, M.; Inoue, Y.; Fujiwara, S.,
	Title	Spatio-Temporal Variations of Visitors of Recreational Shellfish-Gathering at an Artificial Beach in Tokyo Bay			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	356-359
	Keywords	MMV3, Shellfish-gathering, Uminokouen, Ruditapes philippinarum, image analysis, video camera, visitor impact
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 762			Serial	2504
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	Author	Li, C.-L.; Zinn, H.C.; Chick, G.E.; Absher, J.D.; Graefe, A.R.,
	Title	Segmentation of Visitors’ Cross-Cultural Values in Forest Recreation			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	331-335
	Keywords	MMV3, Segmentation, cross-cultural values, ethnicity, Hofstede, Inglehart, Kahle, Postmodern values, forest recreation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 748			Serial	2497
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	Author	Murai, M.; Hirobayashi, T.; Yamanaka, R.; Inoue, Y.,
	Title	A Prediction of a Human Action on Seashell-Digging at a Seaside Park Based on a Multi-Agent Simulation Model			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	109-111
	Keywords	MMV3, Seashell-digging, seaside-park, multi-agent-model, human action, human impact
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 622			Serial	2435
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	Author	Itami, R.M.,
	Title	Level of Sustainable Activity: Moving Visitor Simulation from Description to Management			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	193-195
	Keywords	MMV3, River traffic simulation, river traffic management, level of sustainable activity, RBSim, pattern of use simulation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 665			Serial	2456
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	Author	Hunt, L.M.; Kushneriuk, R.; Lester, N.,
	Title	Developing Agent-Based Models of Recreational Behaviours at a Landscape Scale: The Case of Recreational Fishing in Northern Ontario			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	307-308
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreational fishing, agent-based model, landscape scale, repeated nested logit
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 734			Serial	2490
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	Author	Henkens, R.J.H.G.; Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Visschedijk, P.A.M.,
	Title	Development of a Zoning Instrument for Visitor Management in Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	243-245
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreation, visitor, breeding birds, protected area, Natura 2000, disturbance, impact, zoning, nature management, PROGRESS
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 696			Serial	2471
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	Author	Buckley, R.; Pickering, C.; Castley, G.; Growcock, A.,
	Title	Recent Recreation Ecology Research in Australia			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	84-88
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreation, ecology, Australia, impacts
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 608			Serial	2428
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	Author	Burns, R.C.; Graefe, A.R.,
	Title	Outdoor Recreationists in Oregon and Washington: A Comparison of Recreationists’ Perceptions of Experience Satisfaction Across Two US Pacific Northwest States			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	52-53
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreation satisfaction, visitor monitoring, visitor segmentation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 588			Serial	2418
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	Author	Emphandhu, D.; Yemin, T.; Pattanakiat, S.; Tantasirin, C.; Ruschano, R.; Chettamart, S.; Nasa, M.,
	Title	Recreation Carrying Capacity Analysis at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park, Thailand			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	183-190
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreation carrying capacity (RCC), impact, national park, Thailand
	Abstract	The objective of this research was to determine recreation capacity at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park (LY-KS NP). The study investigated the existing capacity of recreation resources by analyzing four capacity types: ecological (ECC), physical (PCC), facility (FCC), and social (SCC). This paper presented the findings on 3 main islands: Ko Samed, Ko Kudee, Ko Talu, and some snorkeling sites. The results found the ECC, PCC, and FCC exceeded at Ko Samed. At Ko Kudee, found the exceeded PCC while at Ko Talu found the exceeded PCC and FCC. One snorkeling site found FCC exceeded. The maximum carrying capacity at Ko Samed and Ko Kodee was 4,100 and 168 people per night respectively. Most ecological carrying capacities, however, have not yet determined since long term monitoring is needed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 661			Serial	2454
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	Author	Newman, P.; Manning, R.E.; Pilcher, E.; Trevino, K.; Savidge, M.,
	Title	Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 1- Indicators of Quality			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	198-200
	Keywords	MMV3, Natural sounds, perceptions, national parks, visitor experience
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 669			Serial	2458
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	Author	Bodnár, R.,
	Title	Economic and Social Effects of the Development of Recreation and Environmentally Sound Tourism through the Example of a Hungarian National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	383-384
	Keywords	MMV3, National parks, ecotourism, recreation, economic and social effects, sustainable development
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 784			Serial	2515
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	Author	Moldovanyi, A.; Kiser, B.C.; Lawson, S.R.,
	Title	Does Survey Mode Affect Study Results? A Comparison of Internet-Based and Onsite Surveys of Visitors to Prince William Forest Park, USA			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	465-466
	Keywords	MMV3, Internet-based surveys, survey methodology, visitor use management, national parks, Prince William Forest Park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 849			Serial	2547
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	Author	Bay-Larsen, I.; Bjøru, R.; Eilertsen, S.M.; Fedreheim, G.E.,
	Title	Integrated Conservation Processes – A Tool for Reducing Conflicts in Area Conservation Processes			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	124-128
	Keywords	MMV3, Integrated conservation process, use – protection conflicts, use – use conflicts, stakeholders, business development local participation
	Abstract	Experimental trampling was conducted in a coastal sand dune community located in a State Park in Southeastern, Brazil. To evaluate the effects it was used 5 permanent plots. The trampling intensities were 25, 75, 200, 500 and 1,000 passes and each plot had a control area. Response to trampling was assessed by determining species composition, vegetation cover and height evaluation, right after trampling, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after trampling. The same parameters were evaluated just before trampling. Although there was a substantial loss of vegetation cover on 500 and 1,000 treatment plots, the study area was recovered in a few months. Reductions in height occurred with less impact: 200 passes. The 500 and 1,000 pass interference didn’t show statistical difference for cover and 200, 500 or 1,000 passes were statistically similar for the community, suggesting weak linearity between impact and amount of use. The results show that this community has a good resilience; probably in response to the natural stress the vegetation suffers continuously. The vegetation’s changes in species composition seem to be more accurate; especially the extinction of rare species and the introduction of alien ones.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 630			Serial	2439
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	Author	Gokhelashvili, R.; Azniashvili, L.,
	Title	Birdwatching and Protected Areas of Georgia			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	223-225
	Keywords	MMV3, Georgia, birdwatching, protected areas, assessment, nature resources management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 681			Serial	2464
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	Author	Absher, J.D.; Graefe, A.R.; Burns, R.C.,
	Title	Monitoring Public Reactions to the U.S. Forest Service Recreation Fee Program			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	50-51
	Keywords	MMV3, Forest recreation, fees, public perceptions, monitoring, evaluation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 586			Serial	2417
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	Author	Scherrer, P.; Smith, A.J.; Dowling, R.K.,
	Title	Managing Visitor Impacts along Australia’s Remote Kimberley Coast – The Forgotten Dimension of Balancing Country			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	419-420
	Keywords	MMV3, Expedition cruise, Aboriginal, visitor impacts, spiritual connection, tour operator
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 817			Serial	2531
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	Author	Rao, R.J.,
	Title	Management of Ecotourism in National Chambal Sanctuary, India			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	230-232
	Keywords	MMV3, Ecotourism, Chambal River, Crocodile Sanctuary, wilderness values, customer satisfaction
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 687			Serial	2467
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	Author	Tanakanjana, N.; Arunpraparut, W.; Pongpattananurak, N.; Nuampukdee, R.; Chumsangsri, T.,
	Title	Decision Support System for Sustainable Management Planning of Nature-Based Recreation Areas in Thailand			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	487-491
	Keywords	MMV3, Decision Support System (DSS), Recreation Resource Potential, Recreation Opportunity Spectrum, nature-based recreation area, Thailand
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 869			Serial	2557
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	Author	Kiser, B.C.; Lawson, S.R.; Itami, R.M.,
	Title	Using Computer Simulation Modeling to Monitor the Multiple Dimensions of Wilderness Solitude in Great Smoky Mountains National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	309-310
	Keywords	MMV3, Computer simulation, monitoring, wilderness, wilderness solitude, Great Smoky Mountains National Park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 736			Serial	2491
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	Author	Lexer, W.; Brandenburg, C.; Heckl, F.; Muhar, A.; Reimoser, F.; Zink, R.,
	Title	Participatory Processes and Participatory Research – A Tool for Conflict Identification and Development of Management Decisions			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	261-263
	Keywords	MMV3, Biosphere reserve, conflict management, stakeholder participation, participatory research, protected areas, sustainable use, wildlife management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 702			Serial	2474
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.,
	Title	Assessing User Conflicts in an Urban Forest by Long-Term Video Monitoring			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	361-362
	Keywords	MMV3, Bicyclists, children, conflicts, urban forest, user behaviour, use levels, video monitoring, Vienna
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 764			Serial	2505
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	Author	Visschedijk, P.; Pröbstl, U.; Henkens, R.,
	Title	MASOOR in the Alpine Areas: Agent-based Modelling as a Tool for the Management Planning in Natura 2000 Sites			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	425-426
	Keywords	MMV3, Agent-based modelling, cost effective planning, Natura 2000, participation, Alps
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 821			Serial	2533
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	Author	Gimblett, R.H.; Poe, A.; Lace, S.G.,
	Title	Applying an Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Simulating Spring Black Bear Hunting Activities in Prince William Sound, Alaska			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	305-306
	Keywords	MMV3, Agent-based modeling, recreation, wilderness, monitoring, simulation, management, human-landscape interactions
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 732			Serial	2489
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	Author	Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Visschedijk, P.A.M.,
	Title	MASOOR: The Power to Know – A Story About the Development of an Intelligent and Flexible Monitoring Instrument			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	347-350
	Keywords	MMV3, Agent based modelling, MASOOR, recreation, visitor, nature management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 758			Serial	2502
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	Author	Moore, J.; McIntyre, N.; Robson, M.; Lemelin, R.H.; Hunt, L.M.,
	Title	3D Computer Visualizations to Incorporate Recreational Use and Values into Forest Management Planning for Ontario Crown Lands			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	467-468
	Keywords	MMV3, 3D visualization, public participation, recreation management, forest management planning, computer simulation, Geographic Information Systems, landscape images
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 851			Serial	2548
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	Author	Bodnár, R.,
	Title	The effect of the tourism of the Hortobágy National Park on the surrounding settlements – lesson of a questionnaire survey			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	382-385
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The Puszta in the Hortobágy represents an important, individual natural and historical-cultural value, which has been deservedly possessed the rank of UNESCO World Heritage since 1999. Due to its speciality, in 1973 the first national park in Hungary, the Hortobágy National Park was founded here. In the course of the survey we examined how the Hortobágy National Park can utilize the World Heritage status in its tourism, how it utilizes the possibilities in its ecotourism. What effects does the tourism in the national park have on the economy, basic and tourist infrastructure, and society of the affected settlements? What characterizes the tourist supply and cooperation of the HNP and the settlements? What conflicts can be derived from the two sides, and what possibilities do they have to develop?
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 330			Serial	2373
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	Author	Krämer, A.; Roth, R.; Schmidt, A.; Türk, S.,
	Title	Evaluation of the success of visitor flow management projects in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	194-201
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Nature sports place a number of demands upon the landscape structures being utilised. In order to assess the effects of sporting activities on nature and the landscape, it is insufficient to simply analyse the impacts of certain sports. Therefore, new assessment and planning methods for sporting areas are necessary in order to identify potential ecological conflicts and draw conclusions with respect to the desired aims and the measures to be implemented. The extent of the reference level plays a key role in the planning procedure. Tools, which include spatial as much as factual information, are necessary for implementation at all levels. The application of modern information technology, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), is required. The term ‘Sport Area Management System’ (SAMS) is used to describe management possibilities in the context of the development of a sustainable sporting area. The SAMS includes various components of sport orientated land use planning and the management of sporting activities. It is subdivided into regional and local sport area management. The approaches to visitor flow management and communications are of particular significance at both levels. The SAMS concept is illustrated on the basis of the example of the sports tourism concepts developed for the Southern Black Forest Nature Park. The park offers many different opportunities for sporting activities and tourism. At the same time, a substantial part of the area is of a high ecological value. Therefore, the nature park association is seeking a sport tourism concept, which identifies and analyses potential conflicts and possibilities for further development. Following a detailed assessment of the current situation an analysis of the possibilities and potential conflicts was carried out. Further emphasis was placed on the development of an overall concept and possibilities for further development. The implementation of the project findings in parts of the nature park, and subsequent monitoring, are also important parts of the concept. Visitor flow management model projects are shown with the examples of hiking, mountainbiking and Nordic Walking. The methodology behind the SAMS proved to be useful when the projects were put into practice. The initial model projects had the desired positive effect and the concept is to be applied to the whole nature park. Visitor flow management revealed that the large majority of sport tourists made use of the facilities. The co-existence and the cooperation between nature protection and all stakeholders in the region are an important basis for successful future development.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 370			Serial	2393
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	Author	Lawson, S.; Itami, B.; Gimblett, R.; Manning, R.,
	Title	Monitoring and Managing Recreational Use in Backcountry Landscapes Using Computer-Based Simulation Modeling			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	107-113
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	In the United States, legislation dictates that wilderness areas should be managed to, among other things, provide recreational visitors with opportunities for solitude. The growing popularity of outdoor recreation in backcountry settings presents managers with challenges in their efforts to achieve this objective. Recent research suggests that computer-based simulation modeling is an effective tool for helping to address the challenges associated with managing visitor use in backcountry and wilderness settings. This paper describes the development and application of a computer-based simulation model of recreational use in the John Muir Wilderness Area in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. The results of the study demonstrate how simulation modeling can be used as a tool for understanding existing visitor use patterns within the John Muir Wilderness Areas and estimating the effects of alternative management practices on visitor flows and visitor use conditions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 399			Serial	2407
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	Author	Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E.,
	Title	Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	114-119
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401			Serial	2408
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