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Author |
Aslan, E.; Hem, L. E.; Iversen, N., |
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Title |
Customer-focused drivers in the sharing economy: A meta-analysis |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
406-407 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract  |
Kotler (1972) defines marketing as “the set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges” (p.12). Ordinarily, these exchanges are associated with permanent ownership between buyers and sellers. However, the advances of the internet and mobile technology have enabled buyers and sellers to exchange offerings that exponentially contribute to temporary access rather than ownership — as such, sharing as a form of consumption begin to emerge and numerous practices coined under this umbrella term. At the core, the phenomenon includes a variety of different products and services such as lodging (e.g., Airbnb), tools (e.g., ShareGrid), transportation (e.g., Uber), workspace (e.g., WeWork), or food services (e.g., Deliveroo). The term of the “Sharing Economy” was first mentioned in 2008 and defined as the “collaborative consumption made by the activities of sharing, exchanging, and rental of resources without owning the goods” (Lessig 2008, p.143). After that, this phenomenon, or aspects of it, has been given many different names, including “collaborative consumption”, “commercial sharing systems” (and “access-based consumption”, “shared consumption”, “on-demand economy”, “collaborative economy”, “platform economy” and “gig economy”. Many of these terms share similar set of characteristics, yet, the definition articulates the entire set of characteristics formed by Eckhardt et al. (2019), who define the sharing economy as “a scalable socio-economic system that employs technology-enabled platforms to provide users with temporary access to tangible and intangible resources that may be crowdsourced” (Eckhardt et al., 2019 p.7).The interest in participating in sharing systems is generally characterized as prosocial or sustainable behavior such as sharing, helping others, taking care of the environment. However, participating in sharing systems can also bring economic benefits like saving money or facilitating access to resources, which can form more individualistic reasons for participating in sharing economy practices. Previous research has shown that monetary motivations, environmental and societal concerns, flexibility, variety seeking, sustainability, community belonging, enjoyment and trust are among several factors that enhance participation in the sharing economy. Although there is growing attention for research on consumer behaviour in the sharing economy, the findings regarding antecedents and outcomes of participating in these services are scattered and contradicting with previous findings. The existing literature offers broad range of antecedents for sharing economy; however, researchers disagree on which one best captures the value. Albeit little amount of literature reviews has been added to the field, and a quantifiable estimation of the relationship between the antecedents and outcomes has not been investigated yet. The inconsistency of previous research supports the need for meta-analysis to integrate the accumulated empirical research, to see the landscape of the research area, and provide comprehensive understanding on which antecedents are the most effective for sharing services. Based on these grounds, the paper aims to answer the research question: What are the main customer-focused antecedents of the sharing economy and to what extend do these antecedents influence the behavioural intention towards the sharing economy services? |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4379 |
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Author |
Delphine, L.; Morales, E.; Theriault, W.; Tang, B.; Routhier, F.; Mortenson, W. B.; Prescott, M., |
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Title |
“Inclusive Parks”: A scoping review of accessibility standards for people with disabili-ties |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
314-315 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
It is well recognized that access to green and blue spaces have physical, social, psychological and health benefits for people with and without disabilities (Gascon et al., 2017; Labbé et al., 2019; Markevych et al., 2017; Merrick et al., 2020; Rugel et al., 2019, Zhang et al, 2019.). However, many people with disabilities are still excluded from these spaces because of accessibility issues (Burns et al., 2009). The federal government has determined that accessibility for people with disabilities in Canadas world-renowned national parks should be addressed (Marcastel, 2019). Historically, standards have focused on promoting access for people with physical disabilities; however, existing accessibility standards are relatively dated and have had less emphasis on people who experience cognitive or sensory challenges (i.e., visual or auditory) (Parks Canada, 1994). For example, wayfinding is emerging as a critical topic for different disabilities to identify accessible routes for planning purposes and enable real-time navigation. Moreover, environmental features intended for one group (e.g., tactile sidewalk sections for people with vision problems) may make it challenging for people from another group (e.g., those who use mobility devices like wheelchairs) (Ormerod et al., 2015). It is thus important to avoid developing standards in a siloed manner (i.e., with only one disability group in mind). This scoping review is part of the project Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors: User-driven Research on Standards (PARCOURS) which overarching goal is to improve the Canadian accessibility standards for national parks funded by the Canadian Accessibility Standards Development Organization. The first phase of this project was to conduct a scoping review to compare and contrast existing international and national standards and novel research evidence to inform the development of revised standards. The question guiding the search for relevant studies was “What are the current accessibility standards in terms of outdoor spaces, including parks to allow people with disabilities to enjoy the natural environments in their community?” |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4339 |
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Author |
Deng, J., |
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Title |
Estimating visit volume at the county level: An application of a variant form of the Lincoln Index method |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
66-67 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
It is important to have an accurate estimate of visit volume to a destination. While this may be easily done for a place with controlled gates and/or with ticket sales, it is a major challenge for a destination (e.g., a county) without gate counts. This study uses a variant form of the Lincoln Index method to estimate visit volume for Garrett County, Maryland based on data collected from two survey periods: 2008-2009 and 2019-2020. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4228 |
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Author |
Shimazaki, Y.; Crowley, C., |
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Title |
What do website review activities imply about natural park users? |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
62-63 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Information-provision is a low-cost way of potentially affecting levels of park use. Providing information about amenities at various parks, along with information on current conditions can affect users choices of where to visit [Shimazaki and Crowley (2014)]. This is similar to how profit maximizing firms provide information (often as advertisements) to attract consumers. However, this tool may not always be used effectively by non-profit-maximizing park managers. Shimazaki et al. (2017) quantified the amount of information available on Japanese national park web sites created by the government managing authority, and investigated the relationship between information and the degree of national park use. They found that the amount of information posted on the authoritys web site is not related to the park visitation. Some internet services provide a platform to exchange information. Social network services allow users to transmit information not only among people with which the user has an established relationship, but also more widely, among people with no previous contact. Other internet services are specially designed to allow people to post public reviews of what they purchased or experienced.Such information on the internet often reflects peoples preferences, based on what they find worth mentioning, providing an indication of their underlying utility functions. For non-marketed goods like public goods and common resources, uncovering the factors affecting peoples perceived quality of experience is crucial for the management of resources. In this study, we investigate what information are park users are transmitting, focusing on subjective information such as user reviews from internet travel services. We also investigate the correlation between the number of review activities and the official visitor counts of parks to see if review activities can be used for estimating the number of park visits. The results of this study would help park management authorities seeking to optimize park user experiences, for example through information provision. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4226 |
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Author |
Pickering, C.; Norman, P., |
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Title |
Listening to public debate on Twitter about parks and other natural areas |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
244-245 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Increasingly those monitoring and managing natural areas are interested to know what people talk about in relation to these landscapes and tourism and recreation activities within them. But obtaining such data can be challenging with methods such as surveys, focus groups, interviews and others limited in scale and time due to logistical and financial constraints. With increasing debate occurring online about a wide range of issues, it is increasingly possible to listen into such discussions to monitor who talks about what places and issues and how they feel about them, as well as monitor responses to specific events (Norman, 2020). Park agencies, governments and tourism operators are already using popular social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, to communicate with visitors and others about issues relating to visitation such as natural disasters, social unrest, the closure of parks, trails, roads or other facilities, as well as the promotion of specific events and activities. Some platforms, such as Twitter, also provide the opportunity to not only listen to peoples responses to what organizations post, but also monitor more general conversations about a wide range of relevant issues in the form of 280 character tweets posted to the platform (Norman, 2020; Teles da Mota and Pickering, 2020). Here we review some of the benefits and limitations when using Twitter to monitor public debate about natural landscapes and visitation highlighted in a range of recent papers and projects. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4309 |
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Author |
Sisneros-Kidd, A.; D'Antonio, A.; Monz, C.; Mitrovich, M., |
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Title |
Motivations and spatial behaviors of urban-proximate park visitors: Complexities and interactions |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
338-339 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Increases in visitor use of parks and protected areas (PPAs) worldwide are challenging managers ability to provide for a quality visitor experience while also maintaining the integrity of natural resources (Geng et al., 2021). In urban PPAs, high levels of use by a diverse population of recrea-tionists are often observed year-round. Further, these areas often serve larger conservation pur-poses, such as protecting wildlife habitat, and tend to be understudied compared to larger PPAs situated in more rural areas (Hockett, Marion, & Leung, 2017; Wolch, Bryne, & Newell, 2014). Understanding visitor motivations and spatial behaviors are important for effective manage-ment of PPA resources and providing quality visi-tor experiences. However, visitor motivations and spatial behaviors are often studied separate-ly, with visitor motivations studied via visitor surveys and GPS-based tracking methods utilized to examine visitor spatial behavior patterns. Pre-vious efforts to link this data to examine differ-ences in spatial patterns as a result of visitor mo-tivations have proven inconclusive (e.g., Newton 2016 and Beeco et al., 2013) or focused on a single user type (Frey et al., 2018). Further, pre-vious research examining visitor motivations and spatial behaviors has focused on a single activity type in a small sections or areas of larger, often rural, PPAs.This study examined differences in visitor spatial behavior patterns for bikers and pedestri-ans as a function of differences in visitor motiva-tion type across several interconnected, urban-proximate PPAs in Orange County, California, USA. The study area provided visitors a wide array of highly accessible destinations to engage in multi-ple recreation activities, including mountain bik-ing, hiking/walking, running, and equestrian use. A paired visitor survey and GPS-based tracking effort was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and spatial behaviors. Spatial data was collected using GPS-based tracking methods, and motivation type was derived from multivari-ate statistical analysis of a 36-item visitor motiva-tion scale that appeared on a paired survey in-strument. The motivation scale consisted of 36 Likert-style questions derived from the Recrea-tion Experience Preference (REP) scale widely used to understand visitor motivations on public lands in the United States. Visitors to six different recreation areas in Orange County, CA, USA were randomly selected to participate in the research during the months of May and October, 2021. Each recreation area was sampled for three non-consecutive days between the hours of 7am and 7pm, stratified to include both weekend and weekday days. Visitors were asked to carry a GPS unit with them while recreating, and complete a survey upon the completion of their visit. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4350 |
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Author |
Kyle, G., |
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Title |
Shifting setting densities and normative evaluations of crowding over time |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
228-229 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the United States, population growth and domestic migration is placing increasing pressure on natural landscapes and the array of ecosystem services they afford. The growth has given rise to the paradox of resource depletion through fragmentation and development while at the same time increasing the demand and need for these resources. In the context of publicly available nature-based recreation opportunities (e.g., protected areas, preserves, parks, lakes, rivers) lying near growing urban centers, the pressure can be particularly acute. Increased demand for these resources has led to ecological and social impacts. The diminished service quality increases human exposure to pollutants (e.g., water, air, noise), and stressors (e.g., conflict, crowding) within these environs. Given the array of psycho-social and physical benefits afforded by nature-based recreation opportunities, the depletion in service quality has potentially troubling implications for human wellbeing. In the context of aquatic opportunities (e.g., rivers, lakes) concern is exacerbated by both the limited availability of accessible resource substitutes and limited capacity to acquire or develop additional resources. Vaske and Shelbys (2008) meta-analysis of social carrying capacity research conducted in the context of nature-based recreation resources illustrated that for boating as a general participation category, of the 66 investigations conducted in the 30 years leading up to their analyses, 20 percent of respondents considered the condition encountered “greatly over capacity” of the resources ability to accommodate demand. When broken down into more specific aquatic categories, such as canoeing, those considering the resource demand “greatly over capacity” jumps to 50 percent. In this investigation, we document residents perceptions of shifting use patterns of an aquatic nature-based resource situated within the Austin MSA – Lake Travis – over an eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. Specifically, we examine the drivers of residents perceptions of setting density on the lake along with the cognitive and behavioral coping strategies they employ to maintain psychological homeostasis in conditions of rapid social and ecological change. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4302 |
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Author |
White, E.; Winder, S.; Wood, S., |
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Title |
The influence of wildfire and smoke on recreation visitation and behavior |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
360-360 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the U.S. West, the area burned in wildfires has been increasing in recent years leading to a greater number of burned recreation destinations. In addition, prolonged periods of dense smoke have inundated both recreation destinations and urban settings. As climate change progresses and the frequency and severity of natural disturbances, such as wildfire, floods, and windstorms, increases we need to improve our understanding of how wildfire, smoke, and burned landscapes influence recreation behavior. In this presentation, we briefly synthesize the current literature on how recreation behavior is influenced by burned landscapes and discuss findings from our recent efforts, using traditional and crowd-sourced approaches, to understand the response of recreationists to wildfire and smoke. The research literature exploring how burned landscapes influences recreation use levels in the U.S. West is limited (McCaffrey et al 2013). Stated-preference studies exploring the welfare implications for recreationists from hypothetical burned landscapes account for much of the literature (Bawa 2017). Fewer studies have been completed on actual burned landscapes. In general, research conducted in-situ has found that any reductions in recreation visitation in recently burned landscapes is short-lived and modest and visitor satisfaction is largely unchanged (e.g., Brown et al. 2008, Love and Watson 1992). |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4359 |
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Author |
Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B., |
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Title |
Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
168-169 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4276 |
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Author |
Dorado, V.; Farias-Torbidoni, E. O.; Mendes, R. N.; Morera, S.; Garriga, M.; Villanueva, M., |
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Title |
Tourist carrying capacity. A turning point to a sustainable tourism model. The case of Alt Pirineu National Park – Spain. |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
56-57 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the last decades, the world population has increased its physical sports activities in the natural environment. According to the last Eurobarometer survey about outdoor sports, Spain figures in third place with 53% of the population claiming that have been involved in physical outdoor activities, after Finland (67%) and Austria (54%) (European Commission, 2018). As a result, there has been an increase in overcrowding in Protected Areas, which has attracted the attention in the Spanish mass media revealing the consequences that have already demonstrated in various environmental (Cole, 2008; Newsome, 2014; Pickering, 2010; Salesa & Cerda, 2020), social (Weiler et al., 2019) and security studies (Moscoso, 2004). On that point, different public and private entities requested solutions to manage overcrowding in different natural parks through the determination of the Tourist Carrying Capacity (TCC), i.e. maximum number of people who can visit an area at the same time, without damaging the physical, economic or sociocultural environment, nor cause an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction (OMT, s. f.). This article aims to show the application of the Cifuentes (1992) methodology about the TCC in 17 trails of Alt Pirineu Natural Park (PNAP), within Vall Ferrera to be included in the next trail guide of the park. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4223 |
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Author |
Bourdeau, P.; Chanteloup, L.; Civiaz, C.; Langenbacj, M., |
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Title |
Mountain huts as observatories of tourism transition |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
60-61 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the face of the cumulative effects of climate and societal changes, mountain touristic development is currently experiencing a strong adaptive injunction of mountain tourism destinations. Alpine tourism development model based on seasonal snow resources and winter sports resorts is subject to uncertainties and weaknesses that brought it to a tipping point (Bourdeau, 2007; Clivaz & al., 2015). These call into question existing economic balances, territorial dynamics and mountain policies. In this tipping phenomenon, climate change acts as an amplifier and accelerator of structural contradictions, especially as its multiple effects combine themselves with societal, socio-cultural and technological changes. In this context, tourism is faced with a major transitional challenge having both spatial and temporal characteristics. This structural redefinition of the foundations of mountain tourism suffers from a major lack of knowledge on the governance and visitor flows of less-developed mountain areas. What is at stake is a transition trajectory based on a territorial rebalancing between less-developed mountain areas and developed mountain areas, which appears particularly strategic on the scale of the Swiss and French Alps. In this presentation we will present a French-Swiss research project called Mountain huts as observatories of the tourism transition. The repositioning of less-developed mountain areas and their related professions in the French-Swiss Alps (HutObsTour). |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4225 |
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Author |
Fennell, D.; Moorhouse, T., |
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Title |
Towards a model for the assessment of conservation, welfare, and governance in wildlife tourism attractions |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
130-130 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In the absence of appropriate standards to regulate wildlife tourism attractions (WTAs), the treatment of animals is morally justifiable on the basis of what tourists find acceptable. Under this model, there is little motivation for operators to improve standards if tourists do not leave reputationally damaging feedback. Given this current state, the objectives of this paper are twofold. First, we wish to highlight and categorise existing systemic barriers that prevent the operation of a green market for WTAs. Second, we combine knowledge of these barriers with a recently published theoretical framework on animal justice to derive an initial, robust set of practical criteria with which non-expert tourists can externally assess – and accurately represent to other tourists – ethical standards at WTAs. These criteria allow tourists to better understand the scope and consequences of the proper and improper use of animals in tourism, which, in turn, will hopefully induce positive change along governance, conservation and animal welfare lines. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4258 |
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Author |
Hunziker, M.; Hegetschweiler, T.; Wartmann, F.; Salak, B.; Bauer, N.; Torregroza, L.; Kienast, F., |
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Title |
Monitoring approaches in Switzerland that integrate both physical/spatial and preference/recreation data |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
266-267 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In Switzerland there are two major monitoring programs that include outdoor recreation and try to integrate physical/spatial data from area statistics and remote sensing as well as social data from surveys. The first one is forest monitoring consisting of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) as well as the socio-cultural forest monitoring WaMos. The second one is the landscape monitoring program LABES which includes various physical/spatial indicators as well as preference data from surveys. Forest monitoring normally either focuses on physical aspects such as tree species, stand structure, etc. or on social aspects such as forest recreation and preferences. However, in forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest as well as the social aspects play an important role. The question aroused whether NFIs and socio-cultural forest-monitoring surveys could be combined to explain and possibly even predict forest recreation patterns from forest-related and visitor-related data. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4318 |
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Author |
Salak, B.; Kienast, F.; Lindberg, K.; Hunziker, M., |
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Title |
Exposure, meanings and landscape-technology fit. A hierarchical analysis of peoples preferences towards landscape related energy scenarios and what they are based on |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
364-364 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In response to the effects of climate change, many countries are realigning their energy systems to the principle of sustainability. An energy system change will lead to the development of substantial renewable energy infrastructure (mostly wind and photovoltaic) in landscapes with effects on perceived landscape quality and socio- political acceptance.Both direct perceptive effects of physical landscape structures and latent meanings associated with those structures potentially affect their acceptance.Until now it is mostly unclear how these effects affect peoples decision making. Recently discussions arose regarding the importance of individual concepts supporting interpretation and weighting of already existing knowledge and experience before decision making. This work evaluates the role of landscape-technology fit (Salak et al. 2021) (derived from place- technology fit(Devine-Wright 2009; McLachlan 2009)) representing the extent to which alternatives within each of these two components “fit” together (e.g., does a given type of renewable energy infrastructure fit well within some landscapes but not others?). It also evaluates the role latent meanings ascribed to landscapes and renewable energy infrastructure within that mentioned “fit” decision as well as the role of prior experience (exposure) to both. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4361 |
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Author |
Meijles, E.; Daams, M.; Ens, B.; Heslinga, J.; Sijtsma, F., |
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Title |
Using AIS tracking to assess recreational pressures in relation to ecologically sensitive areas in coastal marine environments |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
344-345 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In nature rich coastal areas, increasing numbers of recreationists may exceed ecological capacities. At the same time, recreation in such areas may increase nature awareness and appreciation by the general public, ultimately leading to a more sustainable landscape management (Libosada, 2009). In order to balance nature-based tourism and natural values, careful monitoring of visitor flows is a prerequisite for nature and recreational management (Meijles et al, 2014). The monitoring traditionally takes place based on visual observation and patrolling, but this is time consuming and does not provide full temporal coverage or overview of the entire coastal area. With this paper, we show how recreational boating can be monitored throughout the recreational season using the globally available data from the automatic identification system (AIS) for vessels. We have developed a method to convert AIS data to easily interpretable information on visitor flows and investigated whether AIS can provide insightful visitor monitoring information by overlaying ship movement data with nature conservation policy targets and ecological value maps. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4353 |
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Author |
Aikoh, T.; Shiino, A., |
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Title |
Changes in childrens lifestyle and outdoor activities due to COVID-19 in Japan |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
102-103 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In Japan, from late February 2020, the number of people infected with COVID-19 increased. The governor declared a state of emergency on February 28 in Hokkaido, where the infection spread faster than in other parts of Japan. The Japanese government abruptly requested the closure of all elementary schools, junior high schools, and high schools starting March 2. Consequently, universities, high schools, elementary and junior high schools, kindergartens, and daycare facilities were closed, and parents had to stay home to care for their children. Although initially, there were no clear guidelines for going out or playing in parks, one week after the school closure, the government announced that outdoor exercise and walking will be allowed. Although there were some differences between areas, schools remained closed until the end of May. The three-month-long closure of schools restricted childrens outings and physical activities and significantly impacted their lifestyles, development, and mental health. In this study, we report on the changes in the lives of pre- schoolers, elementary school students, and junior high school students and indicate how their outdoor activities were changed during this period of school closure. The study is based on a questionnaire survey of childrens parents. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4245 |
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Author |
Liu, Y.; Praestholm, S.; Olafsson, A.S.; Gentin, S.; Moller, M.S.; Kaae, B.C., |
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Title |
Role of urban nature in Copenhagen during the global pandemic – taking urban cemeteries as an example |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
90-91 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In general, the Covid-19 pandemic highlights the importance of urban nature as outdoor recreational spaces. Urban nature includes different types of green spaces, such as lawns, community gardens, parks, urban forests and urban cemeteries. The role of urban cemeteries as outdoor places is in focus in this study. Cemeteries act as active burial grounds in the city, but also as highly vegetated urban nature that potentially provides a diversity of outdoor experiences (Nordh et al., 2017). Previous research shows cemeteries hold the potential to provide recreational opportunities, and thus invite frequent use in the dense urban context (Quinton and Duinker, 2019; Swensen et al., 2016). Researching on urban cemeteries not only shed light on knowledge formation in terms of provision of ecosystem services, specifically recreation and mental restoration (Quinton and Duinker, 2019), but also help understand the role of this special type of green spaces in the urban fabric. Hence, this study aims to understand (1) who are using cemeteries and what experiential value(s) are highly valued during the pandemic (2) how important are urban cemeteries to local people and (3) what are the challenges for sustainable management of urban cemeteries as multifunctional green spaces. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4239 |
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Author |
Wennstrom, C., |
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Title |
Old fortification islands opened for visitors in Finland |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
182-183 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
In 1999 the Finnish government decided to concentrate the management of all state-owned land and water areas to Metsähallitus, which is an unincorporated state enterprise responsible of the management and protection of the state-owned land and water areas in Finland. For example, areas from the Finnish Defence Forces were moved to Metsähallitus. Many of these sites were islands that had been closed to the public for several decades. These sites contain a very rich biodiversity and a strong cultural heritage. This presentation on how Metsähallitus opened two old military islands to the visitors is a practical example on what kind of management issues can rise when opening new marine protected areas to coastal-marine recreation. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4282 |
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Author |
Berge, T.B., |
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Title |
Between a rock and a hard place: How nature guides in Arctic Svalbard navigate conflicting norms |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
126-127 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Human-wildlife interactions in the context of tourism have received significant attention in the academic literature. However, non-consumptive wildlife watching tourism taking place in animals natural habitats has received less attention than hunting and fishing tourism and human interactions with captive wildlife. Meanwhile, increasing global pressure to visit remote places with unique fauna requires an improved focus on wildlife viewing tourism in animals natural habitat. Tourisms interest in exotic and endangered species is growing and poses a considerable challenge, particularly evident in the Arctic. Polar bear tourism exemplifies the paradox where a vulnerable species is synonymous with both attractive tourism experiences as well as being a symbol of climate change (Lemelin & Dyck, 2008). Also, the demand for close interactions with wildlife has been stimulated and reinforced by marketing and behavioral trends, which poses new challenges to the niche. Therefore, wildlife destinations must strive for comprehensive and interdisciplinary management strategies taking into account both conservation and animal welfare concerns (Winter, 2020). |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4256 |
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Author |
Ruede, D.; Krüger, F.; Garms, M., |
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Title |
Visits counting from point data to area and period estimates |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
276-277 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
How many visitors do you have? is a basic and frequently asked question to protected area managers. However, answering such a question is challenging in the case of recreational and protected areas that are characterized by free access and multiple entry points. Due to constraints in financial and personnel resources data collection cannot be anytime (time) and anywhere (space). Thus, the selection of suitable data collection methods and their proper combination arises (Muhar, Arnberger and Brandenburg, 2002, p.1). Within this study, we answer the question for the Black Forest National Park by using counting devices and manual counting events. In addition to estimating the total number of visits, we estimate the relative importance of different use types such as hiking, biking and winter sports. As we are interested in monitoring changes over time, we put a special emphasis on developing a reproducible methodology that can be applied in upcoming years. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4323 |
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Author |
Gundersen, V., |
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Title |
Human-wildlife interactions: The challenge of monitoring socio-ecological dimensions in Norwegian National Parks |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
18-19 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation are the principal threats to biodiversity worldwide. In addition to the direct changes to the habitat caused by human activity, the mere presence of humans can prevent wildlife from accessing otherwise intact patches of habitat. This is exemplified by a wideranging species, wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. During winter, reindeer rely on lichens that are both vulnerable for wear and slow to regenerate. In summer months, the reindeer follow the retreat-ing snowpack as they seek greener vegetation and insectfree calving pastures. The wild reindeer is a challenging species to manage. It is adapted to survive in a mountain environment with extremely variable foraging conditions that require extensive seasonal movements. Human development of different kind of infrastructure, combined with increased human presence in their environment, mainly for for recreational purposes, have created an ever-changing disturbance regime. To monitor the human use component in this context, include the metrics of visitors spatial extent, temporal extent and variability, volume, type of activity and characteristics.Marked trails between tourist cabins are the most common infrastructure within wild reindeer ranges, and trail systems often transect large remote areas in such a way that that wild reindeer herds are forced to cross marked trails frequently. The key question is: what level of human disturbance can reindeer herds tolerate, in terms of user numbers per unit of time, before the reindeer movements are either severely hampered or cease altogether? The human use of trails within a wild reindeer range inevitably varies considerably during the summer peak tourist season. Some trail segments see as few as 1 person/day, while other segments have more than 500 person/day. The intensity of use can also vary considerably between different types of trails or paths and the terrain they cross. NINA uses several different methods to collect data on the spatiotemporal pattern of human presence in large mountain areas where use is widely dispersed: automatic counters (TrafX, EcoCounter), GPS surveys (Trackstics), asking visitors to draw their trips on a map, systematic moment observations, mobility bigdata (e.g. the Strava training smartphone app), and different kinds of secondary data. This talk will address these methods and give examples of potential methodological biases. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4381 |
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Author |
Godwin, D.; Hughes, M.; Kobryn, H., |
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Title |
Snorkeller attitudes and behaviours at two popular sites in Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, northern Western Australia. |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
138-139 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Globally, coral reefs play various important roles. Despite only occupying ~0.2% of the surface of the ocean, coral reefs are home to diverse species, provide ecosystem services and generate income for millions of people (Cesar et al., 2003). Approximately 18% of all coral reef habitats are in marine protected areas. While marine protected area management commonly seeks to balance conservation and human use, there are ongoing concerns about human activity impacts, including recreational uses like snorkelling. The World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, in northern Western Australia, receives approximately 179,000 visitors annually, with snorkelling rated as the most important and popular recreational activity in the Marine Park (Jones et al., 2011). Although snorkelling is generally considered a low-impact activity, growing evidence suggests that certain behaviours, including fin kicks, brushes, grabs, and sitting, standing or kneeling on corals, may damage coral colonies, which are slow to recover (Webler & Jakubowski, 2016). While previous studies looked at how snorkellers impact Ningaloo Reef, few have looked at behavioural drivers to understand why. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4262 |
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Author |
Lykkja, H., |
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Title |
Visitor management as a tool to develop sustainable local communities Experiences from pilot project in Nordland, Norway 2018-2021 |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
392-393 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Global travel has exploded in recent decades and challenges the current management system. How can attractive destinations like the popular Lofoten islands in Northern Norway face the “tsunami” of new travelers? Who will pay the hidden costs? The effect of strong growth in the number of visitors and changes in travel patterns, type of experiences, as well as visitor behavior is now creating a challenge for many communities and destinations. How can the local communities be empowered to take more control over their own tourism development? Nordland extends about 250 km both north and south of the polar circle and offers exciting experiences connected to a broad range of landscapes, it borders the North Atlantic which creates a climate more moderate than any other place in the arctic. Nordland County Council (fylkeskommune) which runs this project, is the regional governing administration of Nordland county, running upper secondary schools, county roads, public transport, culture and cultural heritage, providing regional planning strategies and advising its 41 municipalities in local planning and management. Nordland County Council has worked systematically with experience-based tourism for the last 10 years and this project is anchored in the Strategy for Tourism and Innovation.What characterizes tourism is that, because production and consumption of the experience takes place in the same place, customers are brought to the place of production. This is the reason why tourism greatly affects the communities in which it is practiced. The aim of the pilot project is to develop tools and methods that ensure sustainable visitor management. The focus is to empower communities to participate in the development process as they bring local knowledge which can make the difference between a policy succeeding or failing. The object of this project is to involve communities and other actors in a holistic way, in order to develop tools which will help to take care of nature and the environment, ensure that the experience is good for both visitors and residents, while the local value creation is the greatest possible. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4373 |
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Author |
Bussard, J., |
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Title |
Heritage value and stakeholders perception of four geomorphological landscapes in Southern Iceland |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
222-223 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Geomorphological heritage and landscapes have one common characteristic: their existence de-pends on a certain socio-cultural context and on the subjective view of different observers. In-deed, considering landforms or portions of land as heritage results from a process of “heritage making” (“patrimonialisation”, Di Méo 2008): an object is considered as heritage when the values assigned by society or by some actors are suffi-ciently important to justify its preservation and transmission to future generations. From the per-spective of geomorphologists, the central value of a landform is its geoscientific interest (Grandgirard 1997; Reynard 2004), i.e. its interest in understanding geomorphological processes, reconstructing the formation and the evolution of a landform, etc. The values that justify the her-itage recognition of a landform may also be relat-ed to its beauty (aesthetic value), its cultural in-terest or its ecological value. A geomorphological landscape refers to a landscape whose geomorphological component is of heritage interest. Some landscapes have gained international recognition for their geosci-entific value, particularly the 93 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List that meet crite-rion viii – “to be outstanding examples repre-senting major stages of earths history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic fea-tures”. Obviously besides their scientific interest, most of these sites are also landscapes of particu-larly high aesthetic value. As part a PhD thesis in progress (Bussard, in prep.), we first assessed the heritage value of four geomorphological landscapes in southern Iceland from a geomorphological perspective and, then, we conducted a series of interviews to see to what extent the heritage values assigned by different local stakeholders overlap with this assessment. The four geomorphological land-scapes are Skaftafell Glacier, Laki craters, Torfa-jökull caldera in the vicinity of Landmannalaugar and Breiðamerkur Glacier and its proglacial mar-gin, including Jökulsárlón. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4300 |
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Author |
Sacher, P., |
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Title |
The influence of deadwood on forest recreation – results of a choice experiment in Bavaria/Germany |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
282-283 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Forests cover one third of the land area of Germany. They are among the most important land use forms in the country and provide important ecosystem services (ESS). After centuries of human influence, only a few forests develop without human interferences. In particular, the core zones of large-scale protected areas like national parks have to be mentioned here. One characteristic feature of natural forest development is deadwood, which occurs in most managed forests only to a small extent. However, deadwood is an important factor for biodiversity and long-term health of forests and should be preserved instead of removing it (Thorn et al. 2020). The importance of deadwood for forests was also recognized in the German National Biodiversity Strategy of 2007. This also includes programs for the enrichment of deadwood in mainly commercially used forests which are often visited for recreational purposes. Thus, the question of how the general public will react to different deadwood management measures in terms of recreational behavior is of great interest. Ultimately, the goal of this research was to identify trade-offs that arise between a more biodiversity-oriented forestry and recreational values of forest. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4326 |
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Author |
Karlsdottir, B.; O'Brien, L., |
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Title |
How mobile apps can draw families to the forest |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
324-325 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Forestry England has a history of producing chil-drens activity trails at their forest sites based on popular media characters such as Zog and Stick-man. The aim of these trails is to engage children and families with the forest through forest-based activities with stories which are meaningful to children. For a recent trail based on Shaun the Sheep (an animated film by Aardman Animations), Forestry England partnered with Sport England to also encourage increased physical activity. Some of the trails have been app-based, using technology to provide visitors with chal-lenges and fun interactive and augmented reality elements. Activity packs are sold on site with stickers and activity booklets linked with the apps which are free. Signposts or statues of characters provide clues along the trails. Previous surveys have shown that the trails, especially the Gruffalo Spotters in 2017, have brought a high number of visitors to the forest. Encouraging increased visits to forest sites and other natural environments brings multiple, phys-ical, psychological and social benefits to visi-tors (OBrien et al., 2011; Houlden et al., 2018; Twohig-Bennett and Jones, 2018). Further bene-fits can be gained from undertaking physical activ-ity in forest settings (OBrien, 2019).The Forestry England trails are targeted at younger age-groups, usually ranging somewhere between 3-12 years. With mental disorders among children and young people on the rise (NHS, 2018), coupled with concerns about childrens lack of engagement with nature, it is important to design interventions for children that provide opportunities for nature-based social interactions, physical activities and cognitive res-toration. The Forestry England trails provide such opportunities through designing attractive mo-bile apps based on much loved childrens charac-ters. Time used by children on electronic media is negatively correlated with time spent in nature and connectedness to nature, and can lead to physical and psychological health prob-lems (Larson et al., 2019). However, the two are not mutually exclusive and Human-Computer Interactions (HCI) technology can improve both time spent in nature and connectedness to na-ture. Exploratory technology such as the Forestry England apps help “encourage children to ex-plore outdoors in nature” (Anggarendra and Brereton, 2016) |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4344 |
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Author |
Guennoc, L., |
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Title |
Managing “over-tourism” of natural and sensitive areas using visitor data |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
74-75 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
For several years now, visitor management in nature parks has been an ongoing discussion. The fragile balance between welcoming the public and preserving natural areas has always been at the heart of decisions, sometimes difficult to make, by natural area managers.The current health context reinforces these tensions, with the increased importance of natural spaces, between periods of lockdown and the human need for outdoor spaces for exercise and leisure.In sensitive natural areas, and particularly in areas with high tourist pressure, the management of overcrowding has become a major topic, in the light of the COVID-19 crisis.Two specific topics have come to the fore: on one hand, health constraints may now require a specific threshold not to be exceeded, and on the other hand, the overall visitor experience and the preservation of sites, which requires measuring the number of visitors to avoid trampling and natural site degradation, whether they are natural parks, beaches but even periurban spaces. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4231 |
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Author |
Blye, C.; Hvenegaard, G.; Halpenny, E., |
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Title |
Investigating the outcomes of personal interpretation and extending the psychological factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
308-309 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Environmental interpretation can help mitigate the negative impacts of recreation, tourism, and human use of parks and protected areas. Inter-pretation is a mission-based approach to commu-nication aimed at provoking in audiences the discovery of personal meaning and the forging of personal connections with things, places, people, and concepts (Ham, 2016). Personal interpreta-tion enhances enjoyment of visitor experiences (Stern et al., 2011), increase visitors knowledge and understanding of natural and cultural re-sources (Ham, 2016), foster a sense of apprecia-tion toward those resources (Powell et al., 2009), and promotes stewardship behaviors (Ham, 2016). Importantly, interpretation can be an ef-fective management tool for parks to mitigate and influence visitor behaviours (Marion & Reid 2007). This study sought to determine, based on a case study of Albertas Provincial Parks, the out-comes of personal interpretive programs and the factors influencing those outcomes. As a major goal of interpretation is behav-ioural change, this study employed Ajzens (1991; 2011) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) which suggests that behaviour is best predicted by a persons intention to perform a specific behav-iour, and this in turn is explained by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control associated with the behaviour in ques-tion. The TPB performs well in predicting a wide range of behaviours and behavioural intentions including environmental behaviours (Vagias et al., 2014). This study not only investigated the effi-cacy of environmental interpretation on influenc-ing pro-environmental behaviour intentions, but also expanded on the theoretical constructs mak-ing up TPB. As such, motivations, satisfaction of visit, knowledge, and environmental worldview were included. The additional psychological con-structs were included in the proposed theoreti-cal model based on previous studies focused on environmental interpretation and pro-environmental behaviours (Moghimehfar & Hal-penny, 2016; Vagias et al., 2014).This study examined the following hy-potheses: (1) Attending in-person environmental interpretation programs increases park visitors intentions to engage in pro-environmental behav-iours; (2) The TPB variables (e.g., perceived be-havioral control, attitudes, and social norms) help predict park visitors pro-environmental behav-ioural intentions; and (3) Motivations, satisfaction of visit, environmental knowledge, and environ-mental worldview improve the prediction of pro-environmental behaviour intentions (proposed theoretical model, figure 1) |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4337 |
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Author |
Wyttenbach, M.; Volpert, F.; Hochreutener, A.; Rupf, R., |
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Title |
Disturbance caused by recreational activities -Case study Regional Nature Parc Beverin (RNPB), Switzerland |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
120-121 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Due to their structural diversity and altitude gradients, mountain regions provide suitable habitats for a diverse range of wildlife and plant species (Ingold, 2005). At the same time, they are important recreational areas for humans. Due to the increase in outdoor activities, negative impacts on nature and wildlife should be counteracted by means of focussed visitor management (Clivaz et al., 2013). The RNPB is visited by tourists all year round, with a greater proportion in the summer season. The landscape consists mainly of forests, alpine areas, extensive meadows, pastures, habitats for pioneer species, and covers an area of 412 km2. The RNPB aims to enable recreationists to experience nature without disturbing it at the same time. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine which types of recreational activities may be practised in the area and how they can be characterised (spatially, temporally, frequency). The aim of this study is to identify areas in summer and winter in which a potential conflict between recreationalists and nature could occur based on a spatial mapping approach. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4253 |
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Author |
Bonnelame, L.K.; Siegrist, D., |
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Title |
Covid-19 as an opportunity to newly discover Switzerlands nature-based cultural landscapes. Qualitative study among German-speaking Swiss holiday guests in Switzerland. |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
94-95 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Due to the corona pandemic, many Swiss people stayed in Switzerland in the summer of 2020. According to a survey (SRG & sotomo 2020), in May 2020, 49% had planned longer holidays abroad for summer 2020 and were then tending to change to excursions and shorter holidays in Switzerland due to the changed situation. What the forecasts predicted actually came true: a large proportion of the Swiss population, including many who otherwise travel abroad, spent their main holidays in a Swiss holiday region. Many hotels in the mountain cantons recorded an increase in bookings. The biggest losers were the cities and destinations with otherwise many international arrivals (Nau 2020). This development was seen in many European countries. Covid has brought about major changes in travel behavior due to closed borders and many people have vacationed in their own country. (YouGov 2020). Due to that, many Swiss might have got to know their country newly in one way or another in summer 2020. The preference for holidays in ones own country suggests the hypothesis that experiences of nature-based and culture-related tourism were given additional importance. Characteristically, this type of holiday experience takes place in natural areas and nature-based cultural landscapes (Siegrist et al. 2019). As part of a qualitative survey the changes in perception of Switzerland as a holiday destination, due to the altered starting position of domestic guests because of the corona pandemic, were analysed and evaluated. The questions asked were whether new holiday qualities in Switzerland were discovered, changes in attitudes and activities occurred (Pine & Gilmore 2013) or how cultural and natural attractions visited were perceived. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4241 |
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Author |
Tverijonaite, E.; Saeporsdottir, A. D.; Olafsdottir, R.; C. Michael Hall, C. M., |
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Title |
Nature-based tourism and renewable energy infrastructure: tourism industrys perceptions of the impact area of power plants on tourism |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
362-363 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Due to its reliance on natural landscapes nature-based tourism is sensitive to other land uses which lead to landscape changes, such as renewable energy harnessing. For identification of locations most suitable for renewable energy infrastructure knowledge regarding the spatial extent of the impacts of such infrastructure on nature-based tourism is highly needed. Estimating the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on nature-based tourism is, however, challenging. Besides taking into consideration the characteristics of the energy infrastructure and of the surrounding landscapes it is important to investigate how power plants change the meanings assigned to the areas by various tourism stakeholders. Moreover, natural areas used for tourism can be defined as places which are constructed via numerous relations and processes going on within these areas and in larger networks (Massey, 2005; Urry & Larsen, 2011). Therefore, it should be taken into consideration how renewable energy infrastructure affects surrounding areas as elements of tourism systems (Leiper, 1979, 1990). This study focuses on the views of the tourism industry in Iceland and aims to i) map the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism as perceived by the tourism industry; and ii) investigate the factors affecting the size and shape of the perceived impact area. To achieve these aims 49 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the managers of the tourism companies operating near six existing and proposed hydro-, geothermal and wind power projects situated within or at the border of the Icelandic Central Highlands. This area is an important venue for nature-based tourism as well as of high interest for further energy infrastructure development due to abundance of renewable resources. During the interviews, participants were asked to map their perceived impact areas of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism using participatory mapping software and, among other topics, to discuss the reasoning behind their estimated impact areas. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4360 |
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Author |
English, D.; White, E., |
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Title |
Potential contributions of crowd-sourced data in public lands recreation monitoring systems |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
250-250 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Data on recreation use and visitor patterns are critical for information decisions about recreation management and policy. In the U.S., the recreation monitoring systems used by the federal public land agencies rely almost exclusively on traditional tools and approaches (Leggett et al. 2017). Specifically, U.S. federal agencies commonly combine permanent and temporary traffic counters with on-site visitor surveying to measure the amount of recreation use and visitor characteristics. Of the federal agency recreation monitoring programs, the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Program used by the United States Forest Service is viewed as the most comprehensive. Recreation practitioners and policymakers have raised the potential for using crowd-sourced and online information posted by visitors in place of, or as supplement to, traditional recreation monitoring programs. We have found that crowd-sourced data, including social media posts, are well correlated with official NVUM use estimates across a range of spatial resolutions (Fisher et al. 2018, Wood et al. 2020). Further, Wood et al. found that models could be used to directly estimate the amount of recreation use, even at previously unstudied sites. However, that study also found that models developed using social media data worked best when they incorporated some on-the-ground counts gathered using traditional approaches. In this presentation, we describe opportunities to use crowd sourced data to complement the National Visitor Use Monitoring Program. First, crowd-sourced data offers the ability to infer patterns in recreation use at individual sites. The NVUM sampling program is not designed to provide recreation use estimates for individual sites and crowd sourced data offers promise to fill in this gap. Second, the NVUM program only provides results for individual forests every five years. By identifying relationships between the crowd-sourced data and the NVUM data collected in the on-the-ground sample year, we can develop an estimate of recreation use trends in the years between NVUM sample estimates using crowd-sourced data. Finally, the NVUM sample is drawn from a population of recreation site days characterized by field managers. This characterization can be difficult for managers because it requires knowledge of fine-scale temporal patterns in recreation use at individual sites. We believe that crowd-sourced data can be used to assist in describing those temporal trends, potentially improving the accuracy in characterizing the site day population. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4312 |
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Author |
Wilkins, E. J.; Chikamoto, Y.; Miller, A. B.; Smith, J. W., |
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Title |
Climate change and the demand for recreational ecosystem services on public lands in the United States |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
366-367 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Cultural ecosystem services represent nonmaterial benefits people derive from the environment; these benefits include outdoor recreation opportunities (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Changes in climatic conditions are likely to shift the spatial and temporal demand for recreational ecosystem services. Climate change has already expanded the length of the peak visitation season for some public lands (Buckley & Foushee, 2012; Monahan et al., 2016), and is expected to change total visitation at nearly all U.S. National Parks (Fisichelli et al., 2015). However, the effects of climate change on visitation to public lands may vary by season, the location of the public land unit (Hewer & Gough, 2018), and its unique microclimatic conditions (Smith et al., 2018; Wilkins et al., 2021). To date, little is known about the magnitude and spatial variability in these shifts across large geographic extents. Here, our goal is to explore how the seasonal demand for recreational ecosystem services may change across U.S. public lands in the future under different climate change scenarios. Understanding potential future shifts in demand can help land managers plan and prepare for possible regional or seasonal shifts in visitation trends. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4362 |
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Author |
Kim, H.; Ito, R.; Shoji, Y.; Aikoh, T., |
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Title |
Evaluation of crowding acceptability in national recreation area using field and web-based surveys: A case study in Shiretoko World Heritage site |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
194-195 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Crowding management is an important issue in the field of natural recreation. Our study site at Shiretoko National Park is one of Japans most popular natural recreation areas, visited by over 1 million visitors every year. Particularly in the summer season, many visitors want to observe bears, causing crowding problems. To solve these crowding issues, it is essential to determine the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas. To this end, investigating visitors crowding perceptions (crowding norms) is necessary. There are various approaches to measuring visitors crowding norms. More recently, visual approaches have been widely applied. This approach enables the identification of respondents crowding norms by asking them to identify the most acceptable level of crowding using photographs or illustrations (Manning & Freimund, 2004). As this approach uses photographs or illustrations, respondents can visibly recognize and recall the places in question (Manning & Freimund, 2004). Many studies investigating visitors crowding norms have been conducted using field and web- based surveys. However, researchers have given limited attention to explaining how crowding norms differ between fields and potential visitors. When determining the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas, it is necessary to consider both visitor types crowding norms; this paper investigates these, providing suggestions for determining the appropriate carrying capacity. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4287 |
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Author |
Kim, J.; Lee, J., |
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Title |
Do the participants truly prefer an outdoor education? – A study on indoor forest education online programs in the COVID-19 era |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
44-45 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
COVID-19 pandemic and the Social distancing, there have been inevitable changes in Koreas Forest education program that usually provided face-to-face interaction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in forest education programs during COVID-19 and determine the effectiveness of forest services in the online communication environment, which have not been experienced before. The real-time 2 hours online programs were developed and implemented by nationally certified 30 forest education experts from August 8 to October 31, 2020. Program participants communicated with forest education experts through online screens and chats, and 4202 people in total participated in 100 different programs were surveyed and analyzed. Participants could join in the broadcast with the link sent by the project institute. The programs were classified totally by educational method(Figure 1a), topic(Figure 1b), environmental characteristics of the venue, and geographic location. The forest education experts behavior and participants responses were followed up simultaneously, and the satisfaction levels were analyzed after completion of the programs. According to the study, three types of the method by only voice(58.0%), alone(12.0%), more than one person(30.0%) showed up. With regard to the topic of program development, mainly included somewhat passive programs such as walking(37.6%) and eco-crafts(20.5%). Parks(31.2%) and forests(28.6%) were preferred as venues, and the majority of the programs were conducted at the outskirts of cities(62.9%). The interview for the satisfaction revealed that the forest interpreters were dissatisfied with dealing with excessive amounts of the program running time for 2 hours. The participants were not happy with the quality of the broadcasts image, and the project institute experienced technical issues with the transmission of the broadcast network. However, under the limited conditions because of the COVID-19, the participants were able to experience the natural scenery, and the forest interpreters had the opportunity to proceed online programs were answered positively. In conclusion, the capabilities of forest interpreters and types of program content provided in the offline era have evolved to provide high-quality video and broadcast content in the current era of online communication. It was concluded that changes are essential to meet the increased demand for online forest education programs. Further research in on-line forest programs should develop and confirm these initial findings by revealing the effectiveness of each programs. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4217 |
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Author |
Bhadury, M.; English, D., |
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Title |
The effect of COVID-19 on visitation to US forest service wilderness |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
96-97 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
COVID-19 affected multiple aspects of human behavior in the United States, including choices for outdoor recreation. State-level stay-at-home orders were enacted across most of the country during spring and early summer of 2020. Access to many indoor leisure activities and settings was restricted; outdoor recreation was promoted as a safer alternative, notably in dispersed forested settings to ensure social distancing.Wilderness may have been perceived as especially safe in that it epitomizes uncrowded and natural outdoor settings. Using data from the Forest Services National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program, we examine the impact of Covid-19 on visitation volume to Forest Service Wilderness.NVUM results estimated about 9 million visits to Wilderness in fiscal year 2019. The estimate for 2020 was just over 16 million visits. Nearly all the increased visitation occurred from May through September, the last 5 months of the fiscal year. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4242 |
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Author |
Williams, S., |
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Title |
The impact of Covid 19 on outdoor recreation in the UK: benefits and challenges |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
86-87 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Covid 19 has had a significant impact in the UK and has resulted in substantial changes to participation in outdoor recreation. A sequence of lockdowns where people were limited to stay at home regulations within their local area, followed by the re-opening of travel and activities in the late summer of 2020, have affected the places that people visit and the activities that they can do. In terms of outdoor recreation, Covid 19 restrictions have ranged from being limited to one short walk per day directly from home for the express purpose of exercise, to tourism visits to anywhere in the UK to undertake the full range of possible outdoor activities within larger groups. In between these two opposites has been a variable number of greater or lesser restrictions on outdoor recreation and travel. In order to understand the effect of Covid 19 on participation in outdoor recreation and associated land management issues, a number of robust social surveys and case studies have been undertaken by government agencies and academics across the UK. Many of these have been collecting evidence on a regular basis since the start of the pandemic and they provide a valuable resource to understand the impact of this societal wide change. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4237 |
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Author |
Konu, H.; Tyrvainen, L., |
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Title |
Tourism firms perceptions on payments for ecosystem services model – Case: Landscape and Recreation Value Trade |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
150-151 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Countries with abundant natural environments have recently attracted growing number of tourists motivated mainly by the variety of nature-based activities and attractions. The nature is the core resource in nature-based tourism and hence quality of nature as well as its accessibility are essential for service providers (e.g. Fredman & Tyrväinen, 2010). Although tourism industry benefits directly or indirectly from nature and landscape conservation, it is not usually actively engaged in or contributing to these targets. One reason for this is the lack of diverse incentives and models that enable the contribution easily (Konu & Tyrväinen, 2020). Therefore, new instruments, such as Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) models, are needed in nature-based tourism areas to secure the natural environments and enhance the quality of forest landscapes (e.g. Tyrväinen et al. 2014, Mäntymaa et al., 2019). The PES policies compensate communities or individuals for taking actions that support and increase the provision of ecosystem services (Jack et al., 2008). It is noted that to be efficient and generally accepted a PES scheme should be both socially and environmentally robust and fulfil the needs of stakeholders involved (Reed et al., 2017). Hence the participatory approach and mapping stakeholder perceptions have a central role in developing PES models. This case study introduces a tourism-related PES model that will be funded by tourism sector to support landscape and recreational values of forests in Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area in northern Finland. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4267 |
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Author |
Lia, E.; Wood, S.; Winder, S.; Miller, L.; White, E., |
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Title |
Community science supported recreation data using a SMS chatbot |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
278-278 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Collecting data on visitors demographics, their experiences, and general use patterns at recreation sites, such as trails, requires significant effort and resources. Despite this information being highly valuable to recreation planners for decision-making, there is often a scarcity of data at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales. To address this data gap, we developed a community science method, VisitorsCount!, to engage visitors in the data collection process. Visitors provide information about their recreation trip by interacting with a simple text-messaging chabot. This method allows visitors to submit data on recreation use and visitor experience with no prior training. We tested this method in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington State, USA. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4324 |
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Author |
Teles da Mota, V.; Pickering, C., |
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Title |
Mapping visitation across thousands of kilometres of beaches using social media data |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
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Pages |
174-175 |
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Keywords |
MMV10 |
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Abstract |
Coastal areas are very popular worldwide, providing a range of important ecosystem services. Tourism and recreation are within those services, with beach tourism popular in a range of areas including the Mediterranean, east and west coast of the USA, Latin America and Australia. Assessing tourists to beaches including who visits, when and where and what they value is important for tourism and coastal managers, including to better allocate facilities and resources and for tourism campaigns. Traditional methods such as direct observations, track counters, and surveys have been used to gather such data, but with some limitations (Veal, 2018). In an attempt to complement traditional methods, metadata of posts on social media platforms have been increasingly used by researchers to assess visitation to natural areas (Ghermandi & Sinclair, 2019; Teles da Mota & Pickering, 2020), as it is often free and easy to use, and provide large amounts of user generated content. Beaches, although very popular for tourism, are only now being assessed using geolocated data from social media. This talk presents preliminary results of a comparison of temporal and spatial patterns of beach use at a regional scale, using Flickr images metadata. Specifically, it assesses: (1) who visits beaches, including locals, other nationals and international tourists, and (2) temporal and (3) spatial patterns of beach use along the whole 2,101 km coastline of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, including Sydney, the largest city in Australia with internationally renowned beaches including Bondi and Manly. |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4278 |
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