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Author Wang, T.; Watanabe, T.,
Title (down) Monitoring soil erosion on campsites by structure-from-motion photogrammetry: A case study of the current and former Kuro-Dake Campsite in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 378-379
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Camping is one of the popular recreational activities in mountain national parks. However, human activities inevitably cause impacts on natural resources, which includes vegetation loss, soil compaction and soil erosion (Hammitt and Cole 1998). The degraded environment also does harm to users experiences in return (Daniels and Marion 2006). In order to provide users with high quality camping experiences meanwhile avoid unacceptable impacts on the natural environment, monitoring and maintenance of campsites are necessary. Researchers in the field of recreation ecology have provided a sort of methods to monitor short-term and long-term changes in the condition of campsites. Methods to detect areal changes in bare ground and vegetation loss on campsites have been widely practiced in previous studies (Marion 1991, Wang and Watanabe 2019). Eagleston and Marion (2017) examined soil loss on campsites by comparing the current soil level around embedded rocks on site with the one recorded in past photographs through visual observation. Wang and Watanabe (2019) adopted Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry mapping to obtain detailed profiles of the ground surface on the campsite where gully erosion was observed. However, no studies have been conducted to monitor the volumetric changes in ground surface on campsites that are suffering from soil erosion.This study aims to detect topographic changes of the ground surface and to quantify the volume of soil erosion on the current and former Kuro-dake campsites in the Daisetsuzan National Park (DNP) by SfM photogrammetry surveys.
Call Number Serial 4367
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Author Andrew, R.; Burns, R.; Hentz, A.; Schwarzmann, D.,
Title (down) Monitoring remote aquatic protected area use with remote methods during a pandemic: Innovation as necessity Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 238-239
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Monitoring outdoor recreation and use in remote aquatic areas presents challenges beyond traditional sampling and methodologies. A diversity of entry points and mechanisms, coupled with diffuse pathways to enter such areas makes assessment of use especially sensitive to bias and limitations of methods.Also, the unique attributes of protected areas make use assessment and monitoring an inherently customizable problem.To address these challenges, an iterative process that incorporates local expert knowledge to prioritize methods that balance accuracy and efficiency is preferred.One such process, called NMS-COUNT (Burns et al. 2020) has been developed to address use monitoring at National Marine Sanctuaries within the United States.This process seeks to apply a standardized assessment of potential methods through extensive literature review (Andrew et al. 2021) and expert panel feedback to arrive at a customized formula of methods suitable for context-specific protected areas.This method was applied to two pilot study sites using data from 2019-2020 in Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the southeastern U.S. During the development phase of the process, mixed methods were prioritized, including the use of in-person surveys and counting. As the design phase progressed and was ready for implementation, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as an even greater challenge to human use sampling and monitoring.
Call Number Serial 4307
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Author Van den Heuvel, L.; Blicharska, M.; Blyth, S.; Ronnback, P.,
Title (down) Monitoring recreational fishing activities: anglers attitudes towards a national catch reporting program Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 270-271
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Recreational fishing activities have been facing a decline in participation rates throughout industrialized countries in recent years (Arlinghaus et al., 2015). However, many countries are now seeing a considerable increase in recreational fishing license sales as a response to the restrictions on many indoor sports and leisure activities caused by the Covid-19 pandemic (Cooke et al., 2021). Recreational fishing activities have the potential to affect fish populations worldwide, but data about actual fishing pressure is lacking in many countries. Despite the European Commissions recent call for monitoring all fishing activities (including recreational efforts), the development of monitoring programs is still moving slowly. Increased understanding of potential ecological impacts of recreational fishing, combined with the current positive participation rates, emphasize a demand for monitoring recreational fishing catches and effort.
Call Number Serial 4320
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Author Sitarz, M.; Krol, M.; Kauzal, P.,
Title (down) Monitoring of tourist traffic during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic in the Tatra Na tional Park, Poland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 50-51
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The Tatra National Park is the fifth largest national park in Poland with the area of 211 km2. Any kind of human activities is limited to the 275 km of tourist trails and specially designed areas for hiking, skiing or climbing. Over the years the total number of tourist visiting the park has been gradually growing. However in 2020 with the outbreak of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic it might seemed that the total number of tourists could decrease due to the temporary restrictions of traveling to the other cities and closure of hotels, guesthouses and restaurants. The borders were also temporary closed. For short period of time even the Tatra National Park was closed, at the beginning only for tourists outside Zakopane and surrounding villages but later also for local residents. The aim of this research is to present the observation of tourist traffic in 2020 during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic and comparison to the year 2019.
Call Number Serial 4220
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Author Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.,
Title (down) Monitoring of recreation use in Austrian UNESCO Biosphere Reserves – the case of the Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 206-207
Keywords MMV10
Abstract UNESCOs MAB Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) play a key role in the integration of biodiversity conservation in sustainable development. Since 1976, when the MAB Programme designated the first 57 BRs, the Programme has undergone many significant developments. Meanwhile, the WNBR includes more than 700 BRs in 129 countries (Köck & Arnberger 2017). BRs include not only attractive landscapes and specific landscape features but also settlement areas, and can even include parts of larger cities. Such areas are exposed not only to high overnight and day tourism pressure but also to the everyday recreation of even millions of urban residents. Austria established its first four BRs in 1977. These first generation BRs were removed from the WNBR between 2014 and 2016 because of not fulfilling the renewed criteria for BRs (Köck & Arnberger 2017). Two of these BRs were located in East-Austria and part of national parks. While for the former Untere Lobau BR, which is part of the city of Vienna, a rich and long-term data base on recreation uses exists (Arnberger 2006), there is little knowledge on recreation uses of the former Neusiedler-See BR. Between 2000 and 2019, four second generation BRs were established, among these the Wienerwald BR (WBR) located in East-Austria.
Call Number Serial 4293
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Author Hunziker, M.; Hegetschweiler, T.; Wartmann, F.; Salak, B.; Bauer, N.; Torregroza, L.; Kienast, F.,
Title (down) Monitoring approaches in Switzerland that integrate both physical/spatial and preference/recreation data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 266-267
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In Switzerland there are two major monitoring programs that include outdoor recreation and try to integrate physical/spatial data from area statistics and remote sensing as well as social data from surveys. The first one is forest monitoring consisting of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) as well as the socio-cultural forest monitoring WaMos. The second one is the landscape monitoring program LABES which includes various physical/spatial indicators as well as preference data from surveys. Forest monitoring normally either focuses on physical aspects such as tree species, stand structure, etc. or on social aspects such as forest recreation and preferences. However, in forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest as well as the social aspects play an important role. The question aroused whether NFIs and socio-cultural forest-monitoring surveys could be combined to explain and possibly even predict forest recreation patterns from forest-related and visitor-related data. 
Call Number Serial 4318
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Author Kobayashi, Y.; Watanabe, T.,
Title (down) Monitoring and predicting trail erosion in Daisestuzan National Park in Japan Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 380-381
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Mountain trail erosion is one of the geomorphological phenomena, which is generally caused by surface water and human trampling. Mountain trail erosion is one of the most serious problems in many national parks of Japan. Such examples are observed on trails in Mt. Rausu-take (Shiretoko National Park), Mt. Rishiri-san (Rishiri Rebun Sarobetsu National Park), Mt. Daisetsuzan (Daisetsuzan National Park), and Mt. Miyanoura-take (Yakushima National Park). Volcanic ashes cover trails in most of these mountains, and snow remains until the time when many trekkers come. For these reasons, trails in these mountains are eroded rapidly and deeply. Therefore, it is important to conduct studies to predict further erosion. Mountain trail erosion has been traditionally studied by surveying cross-sectional changes at certain sites. The method of surveying cross section can be conducted quickly and simply for park managers to understand changing magnitudes of mountain trail erosion for a long period. In Japan, this method has been used mainly in Daisetsuzan National Park, and numerous data have been already accumulated in some trails. However, magnitudes of mountain trail erosion are understood in just two dimensions by this method. Furthermore, the largest limitation of this method is that the eroded/deposited area is understood only at the measured sites and does not produce the eroded/deposited volume of the entire trail segment with a certain length, which is more important for trail management. This study, conducted in Daisetsuzan National Park (DNP), Japans largest national park, has three objectives: (1) to show digital elevation models (DEMs) of the mountain trails including the surrounding ground surface, and to estimate the change of the eroded volume from 2014 to 2021; (2) to predict further erosion in the near future; and (3) to understand a relationship between the trail erosion and the number of trekkers. 
Call Number Serial 4368
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Author Barros, C.,
Title (down) Modelling visitors movements of nature-based tourism from social media data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 340-341
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Trails are an important resource for recreation and tourism in protected areas. They enable visitors access to the main points of interest within a protected site and help preserve the protected ecosystems by restricting the visitors dispersion. However, the increase in the use of trails can lead to negative impacts on natural resources. For example, soil erosion and vegetation loss are amongst the typical impacts of intensive use of trails.Thus it becomes necessary to identify and measure visitors behaviour on trails. The conventional way of measuring use intensity is through surveys and counters. The dissemination of GPS devices has open opportunities to collect precise and complete data on how visitors move and their itineraries. More recently, the rise of smartphones together with web 3.0 has allowed the abundant production of GPS tracks that users from all over the world regularly share on specialized social networks such as those dedicated to outdoor activities.Among these networks, the Spanish platform Wikiloc stands out, bringing together about 20 million routes in 2020.These new data sources have advantages for studying visitor movement within trails because of their granularity in terms of spatial and temporal scale. In addition, the large amount of data that users upload provides opportunities to analyze visitor behaviour in places where data is scarce or non-existent.
Call Number Serial 4351
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Author Li, C.; Chen, H.,
Title (down) Mental health: A cross-regional comparison between the East and West coast in Taiwan Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 224-225
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Previous research showed that different types of landscapes and environments resulted in different mental health perceptions. Studies suggested that natural environments such as natural resources and protected areas were associated with peoples health and wellness. Presence of nearby nature has effects on human both physically and psychologically, and improves peoples mental health. People who are frequently exposed to natural environments tend to have better perceptions of mental health.Taiwan has an area of 36,197 km2. The area is about one-tenth of that of Norway. The mountain ranges occupy central part of Taiwan. This results in distinctive differences in the urban and rural settings between the west and east coasts of Taiwan, as there are obviously more natural resources and protected areas such as national parks on the east coast. However, there is only a small number of studies focusing on the cross-regional comparison of health and well-being related variables such as mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health differences between residents on the east coast and residents on the west coast in Taiwan.
Call Number Serial 4301
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Author Arnegger, J.; Herz, M.; Campbell, M.,
Title (down) Media representation of nature, mass ecotourism, and the visitor experience Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 122-123
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The soft or mass ecotourism sub-field makes up a large percentage of the ecotourism sector in many regions worldwide. This sub sector is generally characterized by larger group size, lower environmental commitment, and higher levels of service standards when compared to traditional “hard” ecotourists (Weaver, 2001).It has been argued that this popularity is driven in large part by representations of nature in popular media such as documentaries and magazines (Lemelin, 2006). Generally, any form of media may play a salient role in tourism contexts, i.e. raising expectations toward destinations, trips or tourism experiences, which may not be met in reality (Michalkó et al., 2015). Thus, while media has the potential to positively impact peoples expectations, perspectives and attitudes it also implies the danger of overpromising. Individuals with unrealistic expectations are hence more likely to experience some form of disappointment (Bramwell, 1998).These general notions can be expected to be specifically relevant in nature-based settings, in that tourists expectations may be highly influenced by curated representations of nature and wildlife. In turn, expectations are generally assumed to impact satisfaction which is a main driver for positive behavioral outcomes such as intention to re-visit and positive word-of-mouth (Faerber et al., 2021). When applied to wildlife tourism experiences we assume that the more the held image (shaped by media consumption) differs from objective reality, the greater will be both the tourists expectation and his/her disappointment.The present study examines the relationship between visitors pre-trip expectations and post-trip satisfaction of a mass ecotourism nature experience as a function of previous involvement in nature activities and organizations, and consumption of wildlife and nature-based media.
Call Number Serial 4254
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Author Teles da Mota, V.; Pickering, C.,
Title (down) Mapping visitation across thousands of kilometres of beaches using social media data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 174-175
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Coastal areas are very popular worldwide, providing a range of important ecosystem services. Tourism and recreation are within those services, with beach tourism popular in a range of areas including the Mediterranean, east and west coast of the USA, Latin America and Australia. Assessing tourists to beaches including who visits, when and where and what they value is important for tourism and coastal managers, including to better allocate facilities and resources and for tourism campaigns. Traditional methods such as direct observations, track counters, and surveys have been used to gather such data, but with some limitations (Veal, 2018). In an attempt to complement traditional methods, metadata of posts on social media platforms have been increasingly used by researchers to assess visitation to natural areas (Ghermandi & Sinclair, 2019; Teles da Mota & Pickering, 2020), as it is often free and easy to use, and provide large amounts of user generated content. Beaches, although very popular for tourism, are only now being assessed using geolocated data from social media. This talk presents preliminary results of a comparison of temporal and spatial patterns of beach use at a regional scale, using Flickr images metadata. Specifically, it assesses: (1) who visits beaches, including locals, other nationals and international tourists, and (2) temporal and (3) spatial patterns of beach use along the whole 2,101 km coastline of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, including Sydney, the largest city in Australia with internationally renowned beaches including Bondi and Manly.
Call Number Serial 4278
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Author Schulz, L.; Price, M.,
Title (down) Mapping the distribution of outdoor activities to assess their impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) – Evidence from user-generated geographic information Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 114-115
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The most severe effects of outdoor tourism orrecreation (OTR) are habitat fragmentation, modification, and loss, which affect animal behaviour, survivorship, distribution, and reproduction (e.g.: Karlson & Mörtberg, 2015; Monz, Pickering, & Hadwen, 2017). A highly used path can create a barrier and lead animals to avoid a much wider area through trail-edge effects (Monz et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2014). Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) respond differently to different OTR activities, e.g., they avoid mountain-bike trails up to 1091.5m and winter infrastructure up to 327.1m (Coppes et al., 2017). Along multiuse tracks, capercaillie use trees closer to tracks in less visited woodland than in highly visited woodland, with tree use asymptotes of 197m and 291m, respectively (Summers et al., 2007). The present study assessed 1) patterns of recreational uses, 2) functional habitat loss of capercaillie due to trail-edge effects, 3) the impacts of OTR on lek site selection, and 4) the potential for capercaillie refuges.
Call Number Serial 4250
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Author Hansen, A.S.; Glette, V.; Arce, J.F.,
Title (down) Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 172-173
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The presentation reports on a study and published paper with a focus on mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region on the west coast of Sweden. In Sweden, outdoor recreation is considered an important land and water use activity, and is associated with key societal aspects, such as increased environmental awareness, public health and local development. For this reason, outdoor recreation has become an important planning topic in the Gothenburg region, which offers many recreational opportunities in the coastal zone (Hansen, 2016).
Call Number Serial 4277
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Author Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B.,
Title (down) Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 168-169
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants. 
Call Number Serial 4276
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Author Jungmeier, M.; Kovarovics, A.; Leitner, H.; Rossmann, D.,
Title (down) Managing emerging patterns of outdoor recreation – The example of Nockberge Bio-sphere Reserve, Austria Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 198-199
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple aspects of human-nature interactions and relationships. In protected areas, for example, the significantly reduced or altered visitor frequencies of the anthropopause (Rutz et al., 2020, p. 1156) have opened up the possibility of observing the influence of tourism and visitor behaviour on wildlife. Yet, the pandemic has increased the pressure on many natural sites and protected areas. An inquiry on European protected areas identifies overcrowding, a new profile of visitors, problematic behavior, and conflicts between different user groups(McGinlay et al., 2020, p. 1) as corresponding problems. This gives measures for the precautionary proactive management of visitor flows and tourism activities a new relevance.
Call Number Serial 4289
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Author Guennoc, L.,
Title (down) Managing “over-tourism” of natural and sensitive areas using visitor data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 74-75
Keywords MMV10
Abstract For several years now, visitor management in nature parks has been an ongoing discussion. The fragile balance between welcoming the public and preserving natural areas has always been at the heart of decisions, sometimes difficult to make, by natural area managers.The current health context reinforces these tensions, with the increased importance of natural spaces, between periods of lockdown and the human need for outdoor spaces for exercise and leisure.In sensitive natural areas, and particularly in areas with high tourist pressure, the management of overcrowding has become a major topic, in the light of the COVID-19 crisis.Two specific topics have come to the fore: on one hand, health constraints may now require a specific threshold not to be exceeded, and on the other hand, the overall visitor experience and the preservation of sites, which requires measuring the number of visitors to avoid trampling and natural site degradation, whether they are natural parks, beaches but even periurban spaces.
Call Number Serial 4231
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Author Kojima, S.; Kurita, K.,
Title (down) Management and restoration with visitors on Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 42-42
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Management and conservation of Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths is getting more important in order to restore its historical way of pilgrim on foot as well as the new way of pilgrimage by car or bicycle. Au- thors investigated the present situation of 1,200km- long pilgrimage with 88 temples in Shikoku Island passing through several national parks and protected areas, which is proposed to be listed as an UNESCO World Heritage (cultural heritage) site.
Call Number Serial 4216
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Author Stokke, K. B.; Clemetsen, M.,
Title (down) Local spatial planning as tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 396-397
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism is to a large extent based on different types of protected areas, adjacent landscapes and communities. In this paper we explore how municipal spatial planning may serve as a tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development. In Norway, visitor strategies are introduced for national parks and other large protected areas. These strategies are based on the planning system inside protected areas, regulated by the Nature Diversity Act. The research question is: How can local spatial planning support integrated visitor strategies and community development? Norway has two different institutional systems for spatial planning within and outside protected areas.
Call Number Serial 4375
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Author Pickering, C.; Norman, P.,
Title (down) Listening to public debate on Twitter about parks and other natural areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 244-245
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Increasingly those monitoring and managing natural areas are interested to know what people talk about in relation to these landscapes and tourism and recreation activities within them. But obtaining such data can be challenging with methods such as surveys, focus groups, interviews and others limited in scale and time due to logistical and financial constraints. With increasing debate occurring online about a wide range of issues, it is increasingly possible to listen into such discussions to monitor who talks about what places and issues and how they feel about them, as well as monitor responses to specific events (Norman, 2020). Park agencies, governments and tourism operators are already using popular social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, to communicate with visitors and others about issues relating to visitation such as natural disasters, social unrest, the closure of parks, trails, roads or other facilities, as well as the promotion of specific events and activities. Some platforms, such as Twitter, also provide the opportunity to not only listen to peoples responses to what organizations post, but also monitor more general conversations about a wide range of relevant issues in the form of 280 character tweets posted to the platform (Norman, 2020; Teles da Mota and Pickering, 2020). Here we review some of the benefits and limitations when using Twitter to monitor public debate about natural landscapes and visitation highlighted in a range of recent papers and projects. 
Call Number Serial 4309
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Author Wood, S.; Lee, H.; Lia, E.; Miller, L.; Seo, B.; White, E.; Winder, S.,
Title (down) Landscape-scale insights into recreational activities derived from social media content Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 246-246
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Volunteered geographic information, such as social media and online trip reports, are a promising source of data on the amount and character of recreational use in parks and protected areas.  The volume of data is often correlated with on-site measures of park visitation, and the content contains rich descriptions of visitors experiences.  This study presents a novel and generalizable model of public land visitation based on posts to three online social media platforms and two trip reporting platforms from National Forests in Washington, USA.  Then, we introduce and apply a convolutional neural network model for accurately classifying these visitors activities, based on the content of the social media.  We find that social media can substantially improve estimates of visitation to public lands.  Furthermore, there is also a strong correlation between the number of survey respondents reporting their participation in 14 common recreational activities and the number of social media posts classified as pertaining to the same activity.  The models perform nearly as well in novel locations as in the primary location, suggesting that the approaches are broadly applicable, though performance varies by activity.  By comparing our maps of recreational participation to the underlying landscape, we find that natural features (such as rivers, lakes, and higher elevations) and some built infrastructure (campgrounds, trails, roads) support a greater diversity of activities, while visitors are less sensitive to features such as picnic areas and wilderness designation.  Even while respecting the limitations of the volunteered data and models, these results provide actionable information to land managers by illuminating how recreation varies spatially and according to the recreational activities that are provided.
Call Number Serial 4310
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Author Vrsaljko, A.,
Title (down) Krka National Parks biodiversity as basis for wildlife tourism development Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 68-69
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Krka National Park, a karst hydrological pearl of the Croatian coast with its distinctive geological, geo- morphological, hydrological and biological richness, was declared a National Park in 1985. The geomorphological playfulness of the river Krka with the karst canyon along with 7 magnificent waterfalls with numerous lakes, rapids and cascades create an unreal and unique landscape pearl which generates a rich biological diversity. However, the tourist offer of the park does not differentiate or implement specific forms of tourism such as wildlife tourism, which is why the paper investigates the perception of visitors about the valorization of the parks biodiversity as a paradigm for the development of wildlife tourism; especially since the park is filled with a number of valuable, rare and endemic species. The research maps out the species habitats and proposes a unique programme for the visitors which prefer the wildlife tourism.
Call Number Serial 4229
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Author Blye, C.; Hvenegaard, G.; Halpenny, E.,
Title (down) Investigating the outcomes of personal interpretation and extending the psychological factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 308-309
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Environmental interpretation can help mitigate the negative impacts of recreation, tourism, and human use of parks and protected areas. Inter-pretation is a mission-based approach to commu-nication aimed at provoking in audiences the discovery of personal meaning and the forging of personal connections with things, places, people, and concepts (Ham, 2016). Personal interpreta-tion enhances enjoyment of visitor experiences (Stern et al., 2011), increase visitors knowledge and understanding of natural and cultural re-sources (Ham, 2016), foster a sense of apprecia-tion toward those resources (Powell et al., 2009), and promotes stewardship behaviors (Ham, 2016). Importantly, interpretation can be an ef-fective management tool for parks to mitigate and influence visitor behaviours (Marion & Reid 2007). This study sought to determine, based on a case study of Albertas Provincial Parks, the out-comes of personal interpretive programs and the factors influencing those outcomes. As a major goal of interpretation is behav-ioural change, this study employed Ajzens (1991; 2011) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) which suggests that behaviour is best predicted by a persons intention to perform a specific behav-iour, and this in turn is explained by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control associated with the behaviour in ques-tion. The TPB performs well in predicting a wide range of behaviours and behavioural intentions including environmental behaviours (Vagias et al., 2014). This study not only investigated the effi-cacy of environmental interpretation on influenc-ing pro-environmental behaviour intentions, but also expanded on the theoretical constructs mak-ing up TPB. As such, motivations, satisfaction of visit, knowledge, and environmental worldview were included. The additional psychological con-structs were included in the proposed theoreti-cal model based on previous studies focused on environmental interpretation and pro-environmental behaviours (Moghimehfar & Hal-penny, 2016; Vagias et al., 2014).This study examined the following hy-potheses: (1) Attending in-person environmental interpretation programs increases park visitors intentions to engage in pro-environmental behav-iours; (2) The TPB variables (e.g., perceived be-havioral control, attitudes, and social norms) help predict park visitors pro-environmental behav-ioural intentions; and (3) Motivations, satisfaction of visit, environmental knowledge, and environ-mental worldview improve the prediction of pro-environmental behaviour intentions (proposed theoretical model, figure 1)
Call Number Serial 4337
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Author Burns, G.L.; Haraldsdoottir, L.,
Title (down) Interpretation in Ásbyrgi: communicating with National Park visitors in Iceland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 136-137
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The tourism industry in Iceland is of significant economic importance to the country and, until global travel restrictions in 2020, the number of visitors to natural areas was continuing to grow. Corresponding with this increase is the need to effectively manage tourists to ensure safe and responsible experiences that are as socially, economically and environmentally sustainable as possible. This management includes decisions about interpretation – what information to provide for tourists and the most effective way to deliver that information to them. This presentation will report on part of a project conducted at Asbyrgi, in the northern section of Icelands Vatnajökull National Park. The parks managers are cognisant that Tourism in national parks is essentially about providing memorable nature-based experiences for visitors (Weiler et al., 2019) and want to provide those experiences without disturbing the plant and animal life in the park. To achieve this, they are keen to implement interpretation that aims to stimulate interest, promote learning, guide visitors in appropriate behaviour for sustainable tourism and encourage enjoyment and satisfaction (Moscardo et al. 2004).
Call Number Serial 4261
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Author Liu, Y.; Olafsson, A. S.,
Title (down) Intentional and incidental nature experiences in urban nature Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 388-389
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The importance of urban nature has been empha-sized alongside the concept of sustainable city and urban livability. Urban nature can refer to all kinds of green spaces, such as lawns, community gardens, urban parks, urban forests and urban cemeteries. It is known that urban nature deliv-ers the cultural ecosystem services that largely link to human well-being. Hence, many scholars focus on multi-functionality of urban nature (Fagerholm et al., 2019; Hansen et al., 2019), and try to find the link between motives and experi-ences (Vierikko et al., 2020) in order to have a broad understanding of the day to day practice of urban nature. However, due to the extinction of the experiences and loss of human-nature inter-actions, more research should pay attention to nature experiences in order to develop sustaina-ble urban recreational destinations with high citizens experiential values.The built environment with access to in-frastructure and green spaces are preferred dur-ing the lockdown (Amerio et al., 2020). The hu-man-nature interaction is greatly motivated by intentional uses of urban nature provided by in-frastructures, and the fact urban nature can pro-vide spaces for social activities and so on. Yet, little is focus on how restorative experiences, emotions, surprises and sensory experiences can encourage urban dwellers a close contact with nature. Does the increasing recreational use of urban nature at this special moment indicate an increasing need of restorative benefits and better well-being from the urban nature? And is the intentional recreational use of urban nature gen-erated by any incidental experiences gained from urban nature or indirect use of urban nature, due to the fact that well-practiced behaviors are gen-erated by incidental experience? This study cate-gorizes nature experiences into intentional na-ture experiences and incidental nature experi-ences, and aims to answer the following ques-tions (1) what is intentional and incidental nature experience and what are the most common mapped activities in terms of the intentional and incidental use of urban nature (2) which type of urban nature and which landscape feature(s) can provide more intentional or incidental nature experiences (3) what is the relationship between these two kinds of nature experiences?
Call Number Serial 4371
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Author Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K.,
Title (down) Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 394-395
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas.
Call Number Serial 4374
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Author Kaae, B.C.; Olafsson, A.S.,
Title (down) Inclusion of coastal and marine recreation in a data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 176-176
Keywords MMV10
Abstract This presentation describes how coastal and marine recreation data has been included in a cross-sectoral project ECOMAR: A data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters. This development and demonstration project involves data from a range of marine sectors including coastal and marine recreation and analyses these in an extensive cumulative impact assessment modelling. The presentation will focus on the results linked to the coastal and marine recreation: How other marine sectors have impact on coastal and marine recreation as well as the recreational impacts on some of the sectors. The results, implications and use of coastal and marine recreation data for Maritime Spatial Planning and management are discussed and related to the newly released Danish Maritime Spatial Plan.
Call Number Serial 4279
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Author Lehto, C.; Hedblom, M.; Ockinger, E.; Reinus, T.,
Title (down) In search of a human habitat: using machine learning to explore the role of landscape characteristics in human outdoor recreation Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 32-33
Keywords MMV10
Abstract As the importance of outdoor recreation increasingly has been recognized due to its positive effect on human well-being and health there has been a renewed focus on how to ensure that the natural and cultural landscape can produce sufficient recreational opportunities. This is especially true in urban environments, where high land use pressure due to urbanisation often has lead to the loss of green space. To ensure that the managed landscape can supply recreational opportunities requires an understanding of what landscape characteristics (such as type and composition of land cover, topology and heterogeneity) are drivers of different kinds of outdoor recreation. Previous research in the field has to a large degree focused on establishing preferences of different kinds of environments e.g. by showing people photo- graphs and asking questions (Gundersen and Frivold 2008); recently an increasing number of studies have been employing Public Participatory GIS-approaches to collect large amounts of data on human landscape usage (e.g Korpilo, Virtanen, and Lehvävirta (2017)). Still, most such studies are linked to specific areas (e.g. a single national park) or only looking at specific features (e.g. forest type, openness, heterogeneity).
Call Number Serial 4211
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Author Gunter de Queiroz, L.; Lindenkamp, T.C.M.,
Title (down) Impacts of lockdown on the management of Brazilian National Parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 108-109
Keywords MMV10
Abstract What did the current pandemic represent for park managers in Brazil? This pandemic certainly created negative consequences for costumers (visitors). But does this mean as well for conservation? Based on interviews sent to the 74 managers, we present an overview of the impact of Covid-19 at management of Brazilian National Parks.
Call Number Serial 4248
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Author Spernbauer, B.; Monz, C.; Smith, J.,
Title (down) Impacts and trade-offs of alternative transportation systems in U.S. National Parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 166-167
Keywords MMV10
Abstract As climate change continues to become a serious threat to social and ecological systems, strategies to reduce emissions are becoming increasingly important. Many park and protected area management agencies have begun to seriously consider their role in contributing to, and possibly mitigating, climate change. The US National Park Service, for example, has attempted to reduce the emissions generated as a result of park visitation by implementing alternative transportation systems (ATS) at select national parks across the country. Those most commonly include voluntary or mandatory shuttle systems. Despite their promise of reducing emissions while also alleviating congestion and capacity issues, the implementation of ATS can have other consequences such as negatively affecting visitor experiences, resource conditions at attraction sites, and park budgets (Law- son et al., 2017; Manning et al., 2014). National park managers are consequently placed in the precarious position of having to consider the visitor experience, resource protection, and economic development (National Park Service, 2004). Balancing trade-offs between environmental, social, and economic interests is made more difficult given the lack of research which has taken a comprehensive approach to the implications of ATS. This research begins to fill this gap by systematically examining the primary and secondary impacts of ATS in US National Parks. By doing so, we provide managers and researchers with a holistic view on the topic, and point out the trade-offs that need to be considered when considering implementing or expanding an ATS.
Call Number Serial 4275
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Author Wunderlich, A. C.; Salak, B.; Hunziker, M.; Hegetschweiler, T.; Bauer, N.,
Title (down) Impact of COVID-19 on forest visits in the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Switzerland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 82-83
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Many surveys were conducted in the beginning of the lockdown to analyze changed behavior of respondents. So far, no study was able to analyze the behavior of the same cohort of respondents before the lockdown and during the lockdown. We profit from a unique data set: In March – right before the COVID-19 induced lockdown – a Swiss wide online survey on forest visits and attitudes towards forests was conducted (n = 8064 respondents). This survey ended on March 9th 2020. On the 17th of March, the Swiss government implemented the lockdown due to increasing COVID-19 cases. To study the impacts of the lockdown, a second wave of the survey with 1085 respondents was held from March 2nd 2020 to April 9th 2020. Therefore, we are able to study the impacts of the policy induced lockdown and its implication on the working environment (such as home office and short-time work) and rising COVID-19 incidences on forest visits within the same cohort.
Call Number Serial 4235
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Author Fredman, P.; Wolf-Watz, D.,
Title (down) Impact from Covid-19 on outdoor recreation in Sweden Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 84-85
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The Covid-19 outbreak has brought about radical changes for societies, individuals as well as the environment. Concerns about the infection and strategies to deal with it, including restrictions on travel and social interaction, have dramatically altered many peoples lives. This includes also recreation in the outdoors as well as environmental impacts, following from crowding, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the unique situation following the Covid-19 outbreak, it is of interest to study how outdoor recreation has changed and reflect upon possible environmental effects these changes may bring. We do this by asking the following questions; 1. Has participation in outdoor sports changed during the pandemic and why? 2. How has participation changed with respect to; transport and mobility, use of land and water, use of material and equipment, involvement in events, social values, motivation and meaning? 3. What are the potential environmental consequences, and opportunities, following the pan- demic? The study focuses on outdoor recreation participation in Sweden during the first months of the pandemic.
Call Number Serial 4236
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Author Gundersen, V.,
Title (down) Human-wildlife interactions: The challenge of monitoring socio-ecological dimensions in Norwegian National Parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 18-19
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation are the principal threats to biodiversity worldwide. In addition to the direct changes to the habitat caused by human activity, the mere presence of humans can prevent wildlife from accessing otherwise intact patches of habitat. This is exemplified by a wideranging species, wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. During winter, reindeer rely on lichens that are both vulnerable for wear and slow to regenerate. In summer months, the reindeer follow the retreat-ing snowpack as they seek greener vegetation and insectfree calving pastures. The wild reindeer is a challenging species to manage. It is adapted to survive in a mountain environment with extremely variable foraging conditions that require extensive seasonal movements. Human development of different kind of infrastructure, combined with increased human presence in their environment, mainly for for recreational purposes, have created an ever-changing disturbance regime. To monitor the human use component in this context, include the metrics of visitors spatial extent, temporal extent and variability, volume, type of activity and characteristics.Marked trails between tourist cabins are the most common infrastructure within wild reindeer ranges, and trail systems often transect large remote areas in such a way that that wild reindeer herds are forced to cross marked trails frequently. The key question is: what level of human disturbance can reindeer herds tolerate, in terms of user numbers per unit of time, before the reindeer movements are either severely hampered or cease altogether? The human use of trails within a wild reindeer range inevitably varies considerably during the summer peak tourist season. Some trail segments see as few as 1 person/day, while other segments have more than 500 person/day. The intensity of use can also vary considerably between different types of trails or paths and the terrain they cross. NINA uses several different methods to collect data on the spatiotemporal pattern of human presence in large mountain areas where use is widely dispersed: automatic counters (TrafX, EcoCounter), GPS surveys (Trackstics), asking visitors to draw their trips on a map, systematic moment observations, mobility bigdata (e.g. the Strava training smartphone app), and different kinds of secondary data. This talk will address these methods and give examples of potential methodological biases.
Call Number Serial 4381
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Author Taczanowska, K.; Mazur, A.; Brandenburg, C.; Czachs, C.; Latosinska, B.; Hibner, J.; Garcia-Masso, X.; Pardo, A.; Gonzalez, L.,
Title (down) Human mobility patterns in outdoor recreational areas based on GPS-tracking data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 342-343
Keywords MMV10
Abstract New trends in leisure and outdoor recreation show an increased penetration of remote areas and the development of spatially unconstrained outdoor recreational activities (Bielanski et al, 20218; DAntonio & Monz, 2016; Meijles et al, 2014; Taczanowska et al, 2014; Taczanowska et al, 2008). Here we present the application of GPS tracking to monitor visitor behaviour in a popular nearby recreation destination located in the Kozienicka Primeval Forest, Poland. Particular focus of the study was investigation of the spatial and temporal behaviour of hikers in the forest, detection of resting locations as well as use of recreational infrastructure grouped by visitor profile.
Call Number Serial 4352
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Author Praestholm, S.; Andkjaer, S.,
Title (down) How to survey on the “Last child in the woods” – Danish experiences with who and how to ask about childrens use of nature Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 268-268
Keywords MMV10
Abstract This paper compares and discusses pro and cons regarding choice of different survey methods based on recent surveys about childrens use of nature and green spaces in Denmark (data collected 2015-2019). The paper focus on differences between asking the children or the parents. The primary data origins from a survey with two thousand children aging 10-15 years (Andkjær et al. 2016). Children in 5th and 8th degree answered a digital questionnaire during school time under technical supervision by their teacher. The secondary data comprises parents responses from a national survey with responses about more than four thousand children aging 1 through 15 years (Præstholm et al. 2020). Responses regarding the same age groups as the primary data were retrieved.
Call Number Serial 4319
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Author Karlsdottir, B.; O'Brien, L.,
Title (down) How mobile apps can draw families to the forest Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 324-325
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Forestry England has a history of producing chil-drens activity trails at their forest sites based on popular media characters such as Zog and Stick-man. The aim of these trails is to engage children and families with the forest through forest-based activities with stories which are meaningful to children. For a recent trail based on Shaun the Sheep (an animated film by Aardman Animations), Forestry England partnered with Sport England to also encourage increased physical activity. Some of the trails have been app-based, using technology to provide visitors with chal-lenges and fun interactive and augmented reality elements. Activity packs are sold on site with stickers and activity booklets linked with the apps which are free. Signposts or statues of characters provide clues along the trails. Previous surveys have shown that the trails, especially the Gruffalo Spotters in 2017, have brought a high number of visitors to the forest. Encouraging increased visits to forest sites and other natural environments brings multiple, phys-ical, psychological and social benefits to visi-tors (OBrien et al., 2011; Houlden et al., 2018; Twohig-Bennett and Jones, 2018). Further bene-fits can be gained from undertaking physical activ-ity in forest settings (OBrien, 2019).The Forestry England trails are targeted at younger age-groups, usually ranging somewhere between 3-12 years. With mental disorders among children and young people on the rise (NHS, 2018), coupled with concerns about childrens lack of engagement with nature, it is important to design interventions for children that provide opportunities for nature-based social interactions, physical activities and cognitive res-toration. The Forestry England trails provide such opportunities through designing attractive mo-bile apps based on much loved childrens charac-ters. Time used by children on electronic media is negatively correlated with time spent in nature and connectedness to nature, and can lead to physical and psychological health prob-lems (Larson et al., 2019). However, the two are not mutually exclusive and Human-Computer Interactions (HCI) technology can improve both time spent in nature and connectedness to na-ture. Exploratory technology such as the Forestry England apps help “encourage children to ex-plore outdoors in nature” (Anggarendra and Brereton, 2016)
Call Number Serial 4344
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Author Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera-Carbonell, S.; Dorado-Martinez, V.; Nogueira- Mendes, R.M.; Iturria, D.; Sola, M.,
Title (down) How many is too much? A methodological approach to determining climbing carrying capacity. The case of Margalef Site – Serra de Montsant Natural Park – Spain Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 196-197
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Protected areas (PA) are key territories for protecting biodiversity while also providing opportunities for human-environment interactions through recreation and tourism, activities that have generally grown all over the world. Over the last three decades, due to the improvement of materials, techniques, and methods of physical preparation, one of the recreational/sports use that has increased considerably in PA has been Climbing that has reached unpredictable popularity and technical levels, increasing pressure and impacts over natural and fragile environments. The Montsant Natural Park, located in the westernmost of the Catalan Pre-littoral range, within the Priorat region, is a special rocky territory with five differentiated climbing areas among which Margalef stands out by being a well known internationally climbing spot with over 1500 routes. This PA that occupies 9.242 hectares, received nearly 166.000 visits in 2020, of which almost 55% concentrated in Margalef area (Farias, Morera & Dorado, 2019). To manage visitation and nature conservation, several carrying capacity frameworks have been developed over the last decades considering all its environmental, social, and economic factors but only a few attempts have been made to operationalize this concept and to transform it into a management tool (Manning 2002). This paper aims to present an adaptation of Cifuentess Touristic Carrying Capacity (Cifuentes,1992), widely applied in the context of trails, to the climbing routes.
Call Number Serial 4288
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Author Bussard, J.,
Title (down) Heritage value and stakeholders perception of four geomorphological landscapes in Southern Iceland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 222-223
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Geomorphological heritage and landscapes have one common characteristic: their existence de-pends on a certain socio-cultural context and on the subjective view of different observers. In-deed, considering landforms or portions of land as heritage results from a process of “heritage making” (“patrimonialisation”, Di Méo 2008): an object is considered as heritage when the values assigned by society or by some actors are suffi-ciently important to justify its preservation and transmission to future generations. From the per-spective of geomorphologists, the central value of a landform is its geoscientific interest (Grandgirard 1997; Reynard 2004), i.e. its interest in understanding geomorphological processes, reconstructing the formation and the evolution of a landform, etc. The values that justify the her-itage recognition of a landform may also be relat-ed to its beauty (aesthetic value), its cultural in-terest or its ecological value. A geomorphological landscape refers to a landscape whose geomorphological component is of heritage interest. Some landscapes have gained international recognition for their geosci-entific value, particularly the 93 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List that meet crite-rion viii – “to be outstanding examples repre-senting major stages of earths history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic fea-tures”. Obviously besides their scientific interest, most of these sites are also landscapes of particu-larly high aesthetic value. As part a PhD thesis in progress (Bussard, in prep.), we first assessed the heritage value of four geomorphological landscapes in southern Iceland from a geomorphological perspective and, then, we conducted a series of interviews to see to what extent the heritage values assigned by different local stakeholders overlap with this assessment. The four geomorphological land-scapes are Skaftafell Glacier, Laki craters, Torfa-jökull caldera in the vicinity of Landmannalaugar and Breiðamerkur Glacier and its proglacial mar-gin, including Jökulsárlón.
Call Number Serial 4300
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Author Hartje, V.,
Title (down) Funding outdoor recreational opportunities in Germany- conceptual foundations and state of literature and data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 154-155
Keywords MMV10
Abstract A lot of the economic research on the management of visitors in recreational and protected areas focuses on the demand side (what makes visitors tick). It asks how management could relate/ react to the needs, interests, behavior of visitors to make the recreational experience worthwhile for these visitors. This is to a large extent due to the methodological advances in valuing recreational decisions. Comparatively, the amount of research on the supply side of recreational opportunities has been rather small. The standard economic analysis of supply of other (e. g. consumer) goods (in economic terms private goods) focuses on the need to make the necessary resources available for the production of these goods, looks at the cost implications and sees how prices develop to cover these costs and how they fund the supply of these goods. This analysis has been applied to recreation as a recreational production process by Loomis & Walsh in their textbook in 1997. Within this approach, a public supply of recreational opportunities is combined with a household production involving time, money skill equipment to generate visitor use of the area (p.14). I would like to propose a differentiation of their model, by pointing out that outdoor recreational opportunities are not managed jointly as a public supply (as in the National Parks in the USA), but that the major inputs to recreational opportunities (land, landscape qualities, water bodies, access, ancillary infrastructure, information about the opportunities and users knowledge for use) are often provided separately, by different providers and funded by varying sources. This is the case in Germany and it can be observed in other countries as well.
Call Number Serial 4269
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Author Fredman, P.; Haukeland, J. V.; Dybedal, P.; Stokke, K. B.; Forbord, M.,
Title (down) From place-based resources to value-added experiences: Future perspectives on Nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 348-349
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature based tourism is framed and flavored not only by the socio economic conditions of the region where it occurs, but just as much by natural resources and opportunities to make use of them in a tourism context. This session summarizes five years of research on nature based tourism in the BIOTOUR project and discuss future prospect of this sector in the light of a greener economy, more robust communities and sustainable practices. It will also present key content from the recently published book “Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. From place-based resources to value-added experiences”, edited by professors Peter Fredman and Jan Vidar Haukeland.
Call Number Serial 4354
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Author Gentin, S.; Praestholm, S.,
Title (down) From idea to practice: potentials and obstacles in engaging volunteers and refugees in nature based integration in five Danish municipalities. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 330-331
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The European Commission has promoted revisiting and developing approaches for the successful integration of migrants all over Europe. One possible response to address this challenge is using nature as an arena for social integration of newcomers, as discussed by Gentin et al (2019). The aim of the project – “Nature friend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” was to enroll new volunteers and test new approaches in integration of refugees and newly arrived asylum seekers through nature based activities. Local groups of the Danish Refugee council in five different municipalities in Denmark participated in the project. The theoretical point of departure was Essers (1999) four basic forms of social integration: structural, cultural, interactive and identificational integration. Based on Esser (1999) the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of: 1) Structural integration describing access to common resources and main institutions of society, 2) cultural integration with aquisition of knowledge and competences, cultural aspects, common practices, general rules of behaviour, 3) interactive integration describing friendships and social interactions, 4) identificational integration with emotional bonds to other groups and places.In this relation, “Naturefriend – integration through outdoor recreation and nature activities” focused on social interactions and language learning (interactive integration), as well as getting to know near-by nature (identificational integration). Further, the work by Rishbeth and Finney (2006) and their focus on novelty and nostalgia was found in the refugees thoughts about the nature-based activities inspired the theoretical understanding of the refugee perspective of this project.
Call Number Serial 4347
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