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Author Kubo, T., Mameno, K., Tsuge, T. pdf  url
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  Title Which local policies increase revisit intention to Amami Oshima Island, Japan? Using Best–Worst scaling methodology Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 225-228  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recently, many studies have increasingly used and discussed the concept of revisit intentions. For example, Baker and Crompton (2000) have examined the relationship between revisit intentions and their satisfaction with travel. Chen and Gursoy (2001) have revealed the influence of past vacation experience on their revisit intentions. However, our previous studies conducted in Japanese recreational sites have shown that most tourists have expressed high revisit intentions. It seems difficult to identify which local polices increase revisit intentions of tourists using general questions (e.g., 5-point Likert scale questions). Based on the above backgrounds, the present study used Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) methodology to examine which local policies encourage tourists to revisit the destination. The advantage of BWS over general rating questions is to easily elicit relative importance of items such as policies for respondents because they choose one most and one least preferred item in each choice set. This advantage can give decision makers facing budget constraints useful information about local policy priorities for sustainable tourism.  
  Call Number Serial 3930  
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Author Rajkovic, Z., Sijan, M., Petesic, V., Matokovic, J., Ramov, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature Conservation for Local Community: Sustainable Tourism Planning Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 222-224  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Two Sustainable Tourism Management Plans (STMPs) were developed within the framework of the “SEA-Med project: Development of Sustainable Economic Activities in Marine Protected Areas”. STMPs are strategic documents for nature conservation and tourism sectors. They were initiated and developed by the nature conservation sector, although tourism sector was included in its development. One STMP was developed for Lastovo Archipelago Nature Park (Marine Protected Area (MPA)), which administratively covers the same territory as Lastovo Municipality. Lastovo is one of the most remote inhabited islands and located in southern Adriatic. The other STMP was develop for whole Dugi Otok, which Telascica Nature Park (MPA) is part of. Dugi Otok is located at the border between northern and central Adriatic.  
  Call Number Serial 3929  
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Author De Bie, K. pdf  url
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  Title Understanding and fostering local community support for protected areas engulfed by urban sprawl Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 220-221  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract This study examined the awareness and perceptions of the conservation values of a local community living in newly developed suburbs on the southwestern urban fringe of Melbourne, Australia. The suburbsborder a series of Ramsar listed wetlands, a coastal park and foreshore reserves managed by the Victorian protected area management authority. The wetlands and coastal park in the study area have high biodiversity values, provide important habitat for a variety of fauna species, including migrating birds and support a number of different vegetation communities. Previous studies have shown that increasing urbanization has resulted in a more visitors and a subsequent rise in unauthorized activities and potentially harmful use (Antos et al., 2007).The primary aims of this study were to 1) to explorethe local communities awareness, perception, attitudes and usage of the local parksand 2) identify potential compelling messages and triggers that can influence local resident attitudes and behavior.  
  Call Number Serial 3928  
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Author Bradic, M., Blesic, I., Vukosav, S., Ivkov, M. pdf  url
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  Title Eco-labels in tourism and hospitality industry Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 216-218  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Ecolabelling is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling that is practised around the world. At the end of the last century only environmentaly oriented tourists could hear or learn something about ecological labels like Green globe or Heritage Environmental Rating Programme. After decades of specific behavior patterns of tourists the current trend is returning from the mass to the individual both environmentally friendly tourism, where new eco-labels come into play.  
  Call Number Serial 3927  
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Author Pesout, P., Soltysova, L., Vitek, O. pdf  url
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  Title Nature Houses in the Czech Republic Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 214-215  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Conservation of nature and landscape is not possible without support of wide public. Most of large protected areas in the Czech Republic are traditional tourism destinations and are hugely visited. Oversize and just a little regulated tourism causes some negative impacts. Reduction of such impacts is managed through construction of high-quality and targeted visitor infrastructure and services leading to regulation of visitation and building positive relationships between nature conservation and visitors. Construction, running and care of visitor infrastructure and work with visitors directly in the field are ones of the most important ways of public relations (PEŠOUT, ŠULOVÁ & LICEK, 2014). The Nature House programme becomes the most demanding and key part of the visitor infrastructure system. Visitor centres (Nature Houses) and information centres in protected landscape areas are being constructed within the programme. The programme started in 2006 and since then it was designed on principles of PPP projects (Public Private Partnership). It is a partnership programme realised always in co-operation with municipalities, businessmen, NGOs, land owners and other regional stakeholders.  
  Call Number Serial 3926  
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Author Turk, S., Wolfle, F. pdf  url
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  Title Barrier-free nature experience in national parks – Evaluation of visitor guidance through experience engineering Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 212-213  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The purpose of the study has been to discover the actual accessibility and usability for all people, either handicappedor not, to proof the attractiveness of each station to the visitors and to find out whether the measures of experience engineeringcan take over the tasks of visitor guidance effectively. 137 people, aged from 6 to 82 (49% female, 51% male), have taken part in the evaluation of the Wild Kermeter in the period of 07.2015 to 10.2015. Half of the sample was physically and/or mentally handicapped. The evaluation of the barrier-free utilization possibilities in the investigation area is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative researching methods. Paper-pencil surveys, participatory observations and anadjusted Visitor Employed Photographyhave been applied.  
  Call Number Serial 3925  
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Author Derriks, T., Pluijgers, I. pdf  url
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  Title Meaningful knowledge for coastal city RV park creation: Understanding RV camping in practice Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 206-208  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract RV camping remains a popular type of self-drive tourism in Europe. Freedom and comfort are reasons why tourists chose to travel by RV from place to place. By facilitating RV campgrounds, or so-called RV parks, a coastal destination such as Vlissingen could improve its image and develop its brand.  
  Call Number Serial 3923  
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Author Stojanovic, V., Djokovic, F. pdf  url
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  Title May the concept of ecolodge and ecohotel enhance the development of ecotourism in national parks of Serbia? Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 209-211  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Tourism development in national parks should follow the sustainable development criteria and enhance positive effects of this sector impact (Jovicic, 1997), but also to create prerequisites for ecotourism development in concordance with its principles. For instance: (1) activity that is based upon natural values and their protection, (2) philosophy of nature, people and local culture respect, (3) strategy that offers solutions for nature protection, (4) marketing that promotes nature protection, (5) principles that insist on joint efforts of tourism and environment (Walderback, 1995). Each of the principles may find its place in hospitality which is also important in sustainable tourism development, with regard to the increasing number of protected areas (Damnjanovic, Djokovic, Petrovic-Petronic, 2016). Ecolodges are basic accommodation type in ecotourism in national parks. Tourism development through building ecolodges where philosophy meets ecotourism principles may essentially enhance nature protection in national parks and act as ecotourism generator.  
  Call Number Serial 3924  
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Author Hennig, S., Wasserburger, W.W. pdf  url
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  Title Natural areas for everyone – What infrastructure do people with disabilities require? Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 202-205  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities in the outdoors have increased remarkably. Being in nature is ever more popular in society as a whole. This also includes disabled people for whom the positive impact of outdoor recreation on well-being and quality of life is even more important than for not handicapped people. But, what kind of infrastructure is needed by disabled people to allow them accessing natural areas? How should elements be designed to be in line with disabled people’s demands? These questions are investigated in the senTour project.  
  Call Number Serial 3922  
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Author Kadijk, H., Bergsma, M. pdf  url
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  Title The Dutch and German Waddencoast: Similar but different. An entrepreneurial context Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 199-200  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Dutch and German Waddencoast belong to the international Waddensea area, which was assigned the status of World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2009. Cross-border comparison shows both areas have similar natural resources, however show different developments where tourism is concerned. While along the German coast artificial beaches, marinas and campsites are represented, these tourism assets are less matured along the Dutch Waddencoast. Empirical evidence shows that the natural and cultural resources of a destination constitute only a comparative advantage of a tourist area: they are a necessity but not a sufficient condition for being competitive (Cracolici & Nijkamp, 2009). Hence, if these resources do not provide an answer in explaining the difference in tourism development between Germany and the Netherlands, explanations should be sought elsewhere. Moscardo (2014) emphasized on the complex pattern of governments, entrepreneurs and other actors within the process of community development and called for a need to understand the interplay between tourism and other community activities. This research paper focuses on the interplay between tourism entrepreneurs and their environment. The purpose is to understand the difference in tourism development along the Dutch and German Waddencoast by exploring the meanings, feelings and beliefs German and Dutch tourism entrepreneurs attach to their environment.  
  Call Number Serial 3921  
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Author Siegrist, D., Ketterer Bonnelame, L., Sijtsma, F. pdf  url
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  Title R-Types – Development of a typology of recreationists as a base for planning and design of nature-based recreation areas Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 195-198  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreation planning is an important aspect of landscape planning. The population of densely populated urban and peri-urban areas relies on the presence of attractive nature-based landscapes close to nature and open spaces. A central aspect in the planning and design of recreation areas is the inclusion of the needs of the population. Against this background, the aim of the project “R-Types” is to assist landscape architects in planning and designing attractive recreational landscapes. First, a visitor survey will be carried out in five selected test areas in Switzerland. In parallel, an online survey will take place. Secondly, a classification of recreational areas in Switzerland is created on a qualitative basis. This enables to assign specific recreation types to each class of recreational areas. Based on this, type-specific measures to protect sensitive natural areas are developed.  
  Call Number Serial 3920  
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Author Arnberger, A., Schneider, I.E., Cottrell, S., Ebenberger, M., Schlueter, A., Eder, R., Von Ruschkowski, E., Venette, R.C., Snyder, S., Gobster, P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitors’ trade-offs between physical and social factors of bark beetle impacted recreational forests Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 192-194  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract This study used a stated preference approach to explore visitor perceptions of bark beetle outbreaks at two state parks in the USA and a national park in Germany. A visual discrete choice experiment (DCE) employed digitally calibrated images (Arnberger & Eder, 2011) to simulate forest stands with varying levels of bark beetle outbreaks, different management practices, and varying visitor uses. Translated and back-translated on-site surveys were conducted in summer 2014 with convenience samples of visitors at State Forest State Park (n=200) in Colorado, USA, Bemidji State Park (n=228) in Minnesota, USA, and Harz National Park in Germany (n=208). Each site has a history of bark beetle infestation with varying management approaches.  
  Call Number Serial 3919  
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Author Asan, K., Emeksiz, M. pdf  url
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  Title Breeding racing pigeons: The serious leisure perspective Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 187-189  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Pigeon racing is based on the remarkable homing instinct of pigeons, which enables their return to their loft, usually many hundred miles away. It offers not only the thrills and excitement of racing, but also the more sedate and intellectual rewards of breeding and rearing the birds (Jones, 2015). The history of breeding and racing pigeon is somewhat ancient. Pigeon homing was immensely popular during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Nowadays, pigeon breeding continues in many countries, especially through pigeon clubs or associations. These communities primarily aim to train and race homing pigeons. Apart from this, secondary objectives relevant to sustainability are also stated, including careful breeding, and taking measures to counter the poaching of birds (Baker, 2013).  
  Call Number Serial 3918  
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Author Pickering, C., Barros, A., Dario Rossi, S., Hernando, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title What have we learned in the past 12 years about Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas? Current knowledge and future research directions. Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-186  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Visitation to recreational and protected areas continues to increase and diversify. This creates both challenges and opportunities for those who engage in these activities and for those who managethe destinations. With increased visitation there can be increasing environmental impacts and potential for social conflict unless appropriately managed. Recognizing the importance of these issues a group of scholars came together in 2002 to provide opportunities for academics and practitioners to exchange information by running multidisciplinary conferences every two years on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in recreational and protected areas (MMV conferences). The first conference was in Vienna, Austria in2002 Vienna, with subsequent conferences in Rovaniemi, Finland in 2004, Rapperswil, Switzerland in 2006, Montecatini Terme, Italy in 2008, Wageningen, The Netherlands in 2010, Stockholm, Sweden in 2012,Tallinn, Estonia in 2014, and here in Novid Sad, Serbia in 2016 (Figure 1).  
  Call Number Serial 3917  
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Author Viken, A., Svensson, G., Itkonen, P., Benonisen, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Borders of outdoor recreation Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 182  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract This paper focuses on the establishment of a bilateral and transboundary management of the Halti mountain area. The area is located on the border between Finland and Norway The region holds a special place in many different aspects. For Finns in general and many tourists Halti holds a national symbolic value as it is the highest mountain in the country. The pristine nature is also attracting many tourists annually, but mainly on the Finnish side of the border. On the Norwegian, just like on the Finnish side, outdoor recreation, hunting, angling and reindeer husbandry are the prominent activities. Reindeer husbandry and cultural heritage are also important attributes that characterize the region. The area is also recognized for its biodiversity as an alpine landscape that connects the coast and boreal taiga forest. As an important wilderness area in Scandinavia that covers this diverse landscape, biology and history on both sides of the border there is a common interest and expressed need to secure a sustainable development for the region. By establishing a lasting cooperative organization – Halti landscape area cooperative board – one will work to secure a holistic management of the area that enhances the regions unique value in terms of cultural heritage, biology and landscape qualities which makes it attractive for recreational use. Through forming a common body of management one overcome some of the challenges that borders represents as the region share many interests, tasks and obligations to the preservation and development of the area.  
  Call Number Serial 3916  
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Author Percy, M., Paczkowski, J. pdf  url
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  Title Monitoring Human Use around Wildlife Movement Corridors in the Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 179-181  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Canadian Rocky Mountains are home to a diversity of large, terrestrial mammals including carnivores (wolf (Canis lupus), cougar (Felis concolor), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Ursus americanus), lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and wolverine (Gulo gulo)), and herbivores (elk (Cervus elaphus), deer (Odocoileus sp.), moose (Alces alces), bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)). As human use of the Rocky Mountain landscape increases in both space and intensity, the effects of natural topographic fragmentation are exacerbated by human infrastructure, compromising wildlife movement and habitat use. While formal protection of these landscapes may exclude industrial disturbance, impacts from recreation and related infrastructure (trails, campgrounds, picnic sites, day-use facilities) may still represent a significant challenge to wildlife, particularly more wary species.  
  Call Number Serial 3915  
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Author Neuvonen, M., Nummelin, T., Sievanen, T., Tuulentie, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Future prospects of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 176-178  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recent changes in tourism and recreation have been driven by socio-demographic shifts, increases in disposable time and incomes, technological changes, transport developments, and emerging systems of policy and governance (Williams & Shaw 2009). In addition, population growth, urbanization and decreasing environmental quality have been identified as megatrends in tourism, recreation and leisure (Gartner & Lime 2000). The aim of this study was to identify societal driving forces and trends ofoutdoor recreation,and to capture the insights and understandingof alternative futures among the actors working in research and practice in the field of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 3914  
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Author Sievanen, T., Fredman, P., Søndergaard Jensen, F., Lexhagen, M., Lundberg, C., Sandell, K., Wall Reinius, S., Wolf-Watz, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Foresight Outdoor Recreation – A discussion based on monitoring experiences in the Nordic context Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 173-175  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Foresight outdoor recreation in the future is inherent important to inform policy makers and make the appropriate management decisions. It is also an essential tool to cope with changes. Participation in outdoor recreation in the Nordic countries has a long tradition and has been closely related to wellbeing, social welfare and cultural values. More recently, however, social, economic and environmental changes challenge the traditional view on outdoor recreation. This include, for example, urbanization, increased mobility, improved economy, cultural diversity, aging populations, new technology, climate change, competing leisure activities and time constraints.  
  Call Number Serial 3913  
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Author Fredman, P., Sandell, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Predicting Outdoor Recreation – Experts vs. the Public Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 170-172  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Future participation in outdoor recreation is of interest to authorities as well as tourism and outdoor recreation organizations, but at the same time difficult to give an accurate answer for. It is not possible to study the future as such, since there is no empirical data to be analyzed which measures the time ahead of us. But the future is nevertheless a very important field of research because predicting the future is inherent important to make the right management decisions, improve adaptation, inform policy makers and ultimately support a more sustainable development. Alm et al. (2012:7) argue that “...we can use our knowledge about history and about the current situation for a discussion that also involves our values. The basic idea is that we can better shape our future in the way we want if we do this on an educated basis”. Elements in building this educated basis with regard to social science is for example information about changes over time for activities and attitudes, as well as presumptions concerning the future expressed by different groups. Hence, among the techniques that can be used to get a better basis for speculations about the future are predictions by experts and surveys among potential participants.  
  Call Number Serial 3912  
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Author Pickering, C., Leung, Y-F. pdf  url
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  Title What’s the latest research on mountain biking in protected areas?: Results from the special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 168-169  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Public use of protected areas is changing, with declines in activities such as horse riding and hunting in some locations, while others such as mountain bike riding are increasing. Mountain biking riding is popular now in a wide range of protected areas from urban parks to wilderness areas and in many countries. Such popularity energizes the discourse about how mountain biking can contribute to protected area objectives, and at what cost. There is also an increasing focus on research on social and environmental aspects of mountain biking. This interest was reflected in numerous talks on the challenges of managing and monitoring mountain biking at MMV7 (Reimann et al. 2014). Inspired by this emphasis, a special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism was set aside to showcase the latest research on mountain biking (Pickering and Leung, 2016).  
  Call Number Serial 3911  
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Author Bihunova, M., Kutny, L. pdf  url
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  Title Arboretum Mlynany (Slovakia) – what can we learn and experience more? Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 164-166  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities are connected with the leisure time of human. They have passive or active form, individual or social mode, organised/regular or occasional way and could be realised in urban, periurban or rural environment. Rural recreation and rural tourism are important for the economic growth of rural areas and contributes to the protection and improvement of environmental values. It is based on the attractiveness of the environment and landscape. It can develop and protect cultural, historical and natural heredity of the site (Flekalová, 2015). In Slovakia, the recreational activities in the protected areas is regulated by The Act. No. 543/2002 on Nature and Landscape Protection. According to the degree of the protection, different activities could be provided on the site. Arboretum Mlynany belongs to the fourth level of Nature Protection (there is a five degree scale of Nature and Landscape Protection in Slovakia) (Štepánková et al, 2012). Signs, trails and wayside exhibits are connectors between the site and visitors. They give meaning to the experience of the moment. Effective trails and interpretative sites are important components for telling the story of a site (Gross et al, 2006).  
  Call Number Serial 3910  
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Author Preisel, H., Arnberger, A., Brenner, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Spatio-temporal Patterns of Mountain Bikers in the UNESCO Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 161-163  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Sincemany years, mountain biking has become a popular activity. In the late 1990s, more than 800 km of mountainbike trails werelaid in theWienerwald, Lower Austria and Vienna. Since then the demands of mountainbikers have changed, because besideshardtail mountainbikes, downhillbikes and fullsuspensionbikeshave also gained importance. In the last few years various non-designated single trails in and around Viennahave become popular and many off-trail areas (areas with illegally built ramps and jumps by the users themselves)have developed.Interviews (e.g.Reimoseret al., 2008),observations (Arnberger and Eder, 2007) and analysisof available online GPS-user data (e.g. heat maps) show that non-designated trailsare sought out by mountainbikers.  
  Call Number Serial 3909  
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Author Kobayashi, A., Jones, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Investigating the Incident Profile of Vulnerable Climber Segments: Older Climbers in the North Japan Alps Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 154-156  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational mountain climbing in Japan has some of the highest-participation rates in the world, but there has been a recent increase in climbing-related incidents and fatalities (OSC, 2016). From 2004 to 2013 the number of incidents across the country increased by 64%, and fatalities by 20% (Kobayashi & Jones, 2015). 47% of all incidents involved climbers aged over 60 years, with many due to falls confirming the heightened risk faced by older (non-climber) citizens (Curl et al, 2016). This paper aims to investigate these trends, and offer implications for improving risk management, by using prefectural police incident reports to examine climbers’ profile in the North Japan Alps.  
  Call Number Serial 3907  
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Author Hornigold, K., Lake, I., Dolman, P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Modelling use of forest recreation routes, an application for woodlark (Lullulaarborea) conservation Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 157-160  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract During the 20th century large parts of the UK were afforested to provide a strategictimber reserve (Peterken, 1993, pg. 85). Afforestation of open habitatsreduced the extent of unimproved grasslands, heathlands and wetlands, with consequent declines in associated species. To mitigate these impacts the UK Forestry Standard (Forestry Commission 2011) recommends a minimum 10% open space. In Thetford Forest (18,730 ha)the Forestry Commission is wideningverges along 278 km oftrackway to increaseopen habitat(current extent 7.1%) and createan ‘Open Habitat Network’ (OHN)to enhance habitat and population connectivity for rare and protected species(Armour-Chelu et al. 2014).In the present study we model recreational flow throughout theThetford Forest trackway networkto estimate DEs h-1on all elements of the proposed OHN. From estimatedthresholdsfor woodlark we quantify the number of trackway elements in the OHN unlikely to be colonised and therefore the potential loss of conservation benefit due to recreation. This tool is then used to assess mitigation through access point closure.  
  Call Number Serial 3908  
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Author Graefe, A., Blair, J.C.E., Ferguson, M., Mowen, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using Photo Elicitation to Understand Hiker Perceptions of Energy and Communication Related Development Along the Appalachian Trail Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 152-153  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract As a result of a growing population, the demand for energy and communication related development has increased. Development needs inadvertently fall within boundaries or cut-through protected areas (i.e., national park units). Understanding impacts resulting from energy and communication related infrastructure development on an individual’s recreational experience is important to resource management agencies such as the National Park Service (NPS). Specifically, with eight power-lines stretching over 2,000 miles through six states associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), understanding the impact of energy and communication related development is of increased concern. The purpose of this presentation is to provide results of a photo-elicitation study conducted with AT users in conjunction with the NPS and Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) to determine hiker perceptions towards various energy and communication related infrastructure.  
  Call Number Serial 3906  
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Author Rupf, R., Karlen, B., Wyttenbach, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The rocky path – defining a trail and route network for a new national park: Case study Parc Adula, Switzerland Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 148-151  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Switzerland has the oldest national park in Central Europe and in the Alps – the Swiss National Park in the Engadin Valley. Established in 1914 and with an area of 170 km2, the park is well known, and has strict but well accepted rules for visitors (Backhaus and Rupf, 2014). The Swiss National Park is not classified as a National Park, but as a Strict Nature Reserve category Ia (IUCN). It only consists of a core area without a buffer zone. In 2007 the legal basis for new protected areas in Switzerland including national parks (IUCN category II) was established. This was the beginning of several initiatives to launch new national park projects. One of them is Parc Adula (see Figure 1), situated in the south eastern part of Switzerland, with a total area of 1,250 km2 and a core zone of 145 km2 (12 %). Parc Adula is part of the territory of two different cantons and authorities (Grison and Ticino). In addition, Parc Adula is home to three different languages and cultures (Italian, Romansh and German), with about 16,000 residents in 17 communities. The land drops from the highest peak, Piz Adula, from 3,402 m to 349 m, and different biogeographical regions are therefore represented.  
  Call Number Serial 3905  
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Author Bizarro, S., Nogueira Mendes, R.M., Santos, T., Juliao, R.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring Outdoor recreation in Serra da Estrela Natural Park, Portugal Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 140-142  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Using the information made available by new technologies and social networks specialized in this segment, the study proposes, based on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI), the development of planning tools for an efficient characterization of this reality. The methodology intends to study, through an analysis of the available voluntary information, the users’ preferences towards the trail system of Serra da Estrela Natural Park (PNSE). The study results will contribute to the definition of standard criteria used in the design of a trail network, optimized according to the users’ profile and preferences.  
  Call Number Serial 3903  
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Author Hupka, J., Czachs, C., Hruby, S., Brandenburg, C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Gathering information about leisure and recreational activities in an open landscape setting Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 143-145  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract A non-profit organisation, which is responsible for the conservation of a protected area, has commissioned the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna with the collection of data about visitor activities in an area, which is particularly valuable in terms of nature conservation. The data collection should take place within the framework of several master’s theses. Information about visitor numbers as well as the different types and intensities of recreational activities the visitors practice on the semi-aridgrassland had been the main focus of the monitoring. Besides the allowed leisure and recreational activities, also the prohibited practices and behaviours, such as driving on the semi-aridgrassland by bike or walking dogs without a leash, should be captured.  
  Call Number Serial 3904  
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Author Skriver Hansen, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Introducing visitor produced pictures as a strategy for studying and monitoring visitor experiences in outdoor recreation management Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 137-139  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Visitor monitoring is an invaluable tool and source of information in recreation planning and management (Kajala et al. 2007). Traditionally, monitoring activitiesinvolve investigations on visitor numbers, profiles and spatial behavior, which is used for overview and information purposes. Unfortunately,monitoring activities that involve acquiring information about visitor experiencesare rarely prioritized by managers (Elands & Marwijk 2008). This is problematic, especially because recreation management “includes managing both material and symbolic […] landscapes” (Hall et al. 2013, p. 122). This is also emphasized by McCool (2006), who states that the state-of-art in visitor experience management needs improvement and that studying visitor experiences can be a way for managers to go beyond what he calls ‘superficial’ monitoring, which is monitoring efforts with a focus on visitor statistics only. Consequently, it is important thatvisitor monitoring efforts are not narrowed down to numbers and figures only, but also include detailed information about the details and specifics of various visitor experiences (McCool 2006). Indeed, it is an essential part of what has been referred to as experienced-based management, where securing and monitoring of high quality experience opportunities is put forward as a crucial part of area planning and management processes (Bushell& Griffin 2006).  
  Call Number Serial 3902  
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Author Kajala, L., Karoles-Viia, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Long term visitor monitoring in protected and recreational areas – results from Finland and Estonia Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 134-136  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Parks & Wildlife Finland (P&WF) is a unit of Metsahallitus that manages Finland’s national parks and other state-owned protected and recreational areas. Estonian State Management Centre (SFMC) is responsible for managing the Estonian state forests and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in state forests and protected areas. Both agencies have monitored protected and recreational area visitors with similar methodology for more than ten years, P&WF Finland since year 2000 and SFMC since year 2002 (Metsahallitus 2016a, Metsahallitus 2016b, Karoles & Maran 2014). When visitor information is gathered with uniform and systematic visitor monitoring methods across areas and time, it provides invaluable possibilities for comparisons (Hornback & Eagles 1999, Kajala et al. 2007). This paper examines international visitor information, comparing national level visitor monitoring statistics from Estonia and Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 3901  
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Author Van den Berg, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Online visitor monitoring in Dutch nature reserves and National Parks Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 130-133  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Netherlands is a delta area and is a haven for a large share of the European habitats. Out of roughly 200 European habitattypes the Netherlands houses almost 50 habitattypes on just a very small part of Europe that is densely populated. Staatsbosbeheer – commissioned by the government – manages a considerable share of all nature reserves and National Parks in the Netherlands. Staatsbosbeheer is promoting outdoor-recreation at as many sites as possible. We had to collect – in a very short time – data regarding our visitors per site. As we are provincial organised the data had to be collected likewise. We wanted to do this for a great number of the most visited sites per province. The collection of the data had to be uniform and without any effort for our local rangers. So we decided to perform online visitor research.The data we wanted to collect should be usuable in ranking our most visited sites and had to increase our knowledge of visitors as well. The key performance indicators we decided to collect regarding each individual nature site were meant to form an objective set of data leading to insights that informs our decision-making.  
  Call Number Serial 3900  
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Author Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 126-129  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.  
  Call Number Serial 3899  
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Author Nogueira Mendes, R.M., da Silva, C.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Organized mountain biking events within peri-urban protected areas. How many are too many? Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 120-122  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities within Protected Areas (PA) are growing in use intensity and diversity with special emphasis in does close to metropolitan areas. This fact is related not only by the increasing numbers of practitioners but also due to modern life-styles were out-doors activities are, among others, almost synonymous of healthy lifestyles. In this paper we discuss some of the aspects that could be take into account in order to deal with such events, with special emphasis on extra use intensity that this races can represent taking as an example the development of an organized MTB event that involved 750 participants and over 150 staff members.  
  Call Number Serial 3897  
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Author Hegetschweiler, T., Plum, C., Brandli, U.-B., Fischer, C., Ginzler, C., Hunziker, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Physical and social aspects of forest recreation – approaches to a comprehensive monitoring Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 124-125  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Forest monitoring normally either focuses on physical aspects such as tree species, stand structure, vegetation cover, etc. or on social aspects, namely forest recreation and the relationship of people with the forest. However, especially regarding forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest in which recreation takes place as well as the social aspects such as visitor preferences and behaviour play an important role. A clearer understanding of the interactions of society and forest and in particular better knowledge of the interrelation of physical forest characteristics and forest recreation would allow better managing of the forest with regard to societal needs. Physical forest characteristics are often assessed by forest inventories, for which data is normally collected from sample plots on a systematic grid across the country (Tomppo et al., 2010). In order to assess the social dimension of forest recreation, nationwide surveys are conducted in several countries on a regular basis to provide valuable information about the relationship of the population with the forest, usage patterns, motivations for forest recreation, etc. (Sievanen et al., 2008). However, there is no spatially explicit link to the physical forest, or forest characteristics are dealt with in a minor way, e.g. by using photographs without underlying physical forest data. The question arises whether National Forest Inventories (NFIs) and socio-cultural forest monitoring (usually nationwide questionnaire surveys) could be combined to explain and possibly even predict forest recreation patterns from forest-related and visitor-related data.  
  Call Number Serial 3898  
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Author Jakovic, B., Tubic, D., Baklan, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Touristic events as generators of visitations increase and tourism sustainability of Nature parks Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 117-119  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Increased demand and interest in outdoor recreation is an ideal opportunity for tourism development in protected areas, but also and challenge for park management to attract more visitors, meettheir needs andexpectations. Satisfying the needs as well and the expectations of the visitors, mostly lead to achieving a higher level of touristic experience which brings multiple benefits for the visited protected areas, such as increased spending, longer stay, return, recommendation etc.Seeing that the revenues from traditional government sources decreasing, tourism provides a vital source of revenues for park agencies. It also provides a key means for protected area agencies to realize their objectives relating to visitor appreciation and enjoyment (Bushell, Eagles, 2006). Anyway, the tourism development in protected areas brings not only benefits, but also the expenses, from the ecological, economical and sociocultural point of view.Ensuring that tourism contributes to the sustainable management of protected areas, it will require enhanced cooperation and partnerships among the tourism industry, governments at all levels, local communities, protected area managers and planners (Eagles et al., 2002).  
  Call Number Serial 3896  
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Author Bartoletti, C.T., Magro, T.C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational use in Natural Protected Areas: Adventure Races Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 114-116  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract This research aimed to analyse Adventure Races’ rules as well as to interview races’ organizers and athletes in search of trends in Adventure Races’ organization in Brazil. It also sought whether or not, and to which extent these organizers and adventure sports’ consumers took into consideration environmental issues and not only logistical and financial factors when choosing the location, date and rules for a race. Finally, national park managers were too questioned about their professional perceptions towards the positive and negative impacts that Adventure Races had or may have on their work areas. Based on the information gathered from these tree stakeholders the final goal was to aid the establishment of better management actions focused on developing Adventure Races so that they will better meet the demands in public use and the objectives of conservation in natural protected areas.  
  Call Number Serial 3895  
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Author Milentijevic, N., Valjarevic, A., Vukoicic, D., Cimbaljevic, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title GIS Technology and Spatial Analysis of Geo-cultural heritage in the Municipality of Prokuplje (Serbia) Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 111-112  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The idea to protect the geo-cultural heritage of Serbia dates its institutional beginnings in the 1950s. In the middle of nineties, start systematic valorization of cultural heritage and Natural objects. The special place of conservation and geo-cultural protection belongs to the municipality of Prokuplje. The municipality of Prokuplje situated in the south region of Central Serbia, surrounding by mountains of Jastrebac, Radan and part of Kopaonik. Populations, manufacturing capacity and communications are concentrated in the valley of Toplica (in the town of Prokuplje), but mountain hinterland still lost demographic potential. These are the main reasons of not enough affirmation in the area of a municipality. The surface area of the municipality of Prokuplje is 759 km², which is only 0,8 % of the total area of Serbia. In this paper were marked most important geo-sites (epigeny of river Toplica, pseudo-cave Pasjacko kale) and objects of cultural heritage (Church St. Prokopije, Latin Church, and the medieval upper town Hameum). With using GIS technology we determined the dispersion of cultural objects on the territory of the municipality. The special view can be in creating virtual web map of geo-space. The analysed results represent a quality basis for data storage in digital form which in significance and more detailed touristic valorization of the geo-cultural potentials of the municipality in the future period.  
  Call Number Serial 3894  
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Author McArdle, K., Walden-Schreiner, C., Edwards, M.B., Leung, Y-F., Seekamp, E., Duerden, M., Blank North, G. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Evaluating Youth Conservation Corps Trail Improvement Projects: Sampling & Data Collection Protocols Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 108-110  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract This poster highlights the project’s first phase: development and implementation of a standardized trail assessment. This tool employs accessible measures appropriate for participants who may have limited data collection experience, is applicable to a diversity of landscapes worldwide, and is adaptable to other types of programs besides conservation. The tools developed through this collaboration are being implemented by corps members and staff during and after improvement projects. Using a comprehensive and standard methodology, the evaluation will provide corps and their partners with valuable information to use in communicating their outcomes, identifying opportunities for program growth and improvement.  
  Call Number Serial 3893  
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Author Folmer, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Wildlife and flora and the valuation of green places: a comparison between local and national green places in the Netherlands Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 104-107  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract In my study, wildlife and flora were defined as all species that can be encountered in the Netherlands. From another version of the Hotspotmonitor (version 1.9, in Folmer, Haartsen, Daams and Huigen, in press), it was found that locally, relatively common animal species are found attractive (e.g. Highland cattle, deer, waders, hedgehogs, ducks, frogs, dragonflies, rabbits, fish), whereas nationally, charismatic, and large wildlife are mentioned most often (e.g. wild boars, foxes, seals, and badgers). With regard to flora in local and national green places, the differences are less profound, locally, trees are mentioned most frequently, whereas nationally, heather is on first position. For both green places at local and national level, plants, flora, flowers, and more specifically orchids, are also mentioned as reason for attractiveness (Folmer et al.,in press).  
  Call Number Serial 3892  
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Author Marinoski, N., Nestoroska, I. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Spatial-planning aspects of tourism development in the protected area Jasen Type
  Year (up) 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 102-103  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the spatial-planning aspects for tourism development of protected area Jasen, that is multipurpose area, and has potentials different tourism types, through identifying the following: specific characteristics of tourism and geographical position of Jasen as a tourist value, and as a factor of tourism development, differentiation of locations with specific developmental resources that can be included successfully in the tourist offer, place and role of Jasen in tourism development of Republic of Macedonia, interactive connection of Jasen with other tourist area on national and international level, principles, criteria and indicators of sustainable development of tourism, and differentiation of different types of tourism and activities that can be developed in relation to the spatial and functional characteristics of Jasen and its differentiated localities.  
  Call Number Serial 3891  
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