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Author Gruas, L.; Cerrin-Malterre, C.; Loison, A., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Wildlife disturbance caused by nature sports: an overview from general to specific Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 118-119  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Mitigating the impact of recreationists has become a major challenge for natural area managers who often express the need to be provided with information about the visitors. Indeed, as managers start to organize and take this emerging issue into consideration, land use restrictions and other awareness raising campaigns flourish in mountain territories. Knowledge of nature sports participants is thus required, not only to make them aware of the issue but also to know which factors influence awareness the most and to get feedback on the way measures are perceived and accepted by visitors. Yet, if much research in the field of ecology has been done to show the existing impacts of recreation on wildlife, little research was led on the perception and acknowledgment of the impacts by recreationists.  
  Call Number Serial 4252  
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Author Wyttenbach, M.; Volpert, F.; Hochreutener, A.; Rupf, R., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Disturbance caused by recreational activities -Case study Regional Nature Parc Beverin (RNPB), Switzerland Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 120-121  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Due to their structural diversity and altitude gradients, mountain regions provide suitable habitats for a diverse range of wildlife and plant species (Ingold, 2005). At the same time, they are important recreational areas for humans. Due to the increase in outdoor activities, negative impacts on nature and wildlife should be counteracted by means of focussed visitor management (Clivaz et al., 2013). The RNPB is visited by tourists all year round, with a greater proportion in the summer season. The landscape consists mainly of forests, alpine areas, extensive meadows, pastures, habitats for pioneer species, and covers an area of 412 km2. The RNPB aims to enable recreationists to experience nature without disturbing it at the same time. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine which types of recreational activities may be practised in the area and how they can be characterised (spatially, temporally, frequency). The aim of this study is to identify areas in summer and winter in which a potential conflict between recreationalists and nature could occur based on a spatial mapping approach.  
  Call Number Serial 4253  
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Author Arnegger, J.; Herz, M.; Campbell, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Media representation of nature, mass ecotourism, and the visitor experience Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 122-123  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The soft or mass ecotourism sub-field makes up a large percentage of the ecotourism sector in many regions worldwide. This sub sector is generally characterized by larger group size, lower environmental commitment, and higher levels of service standards when compared to traditional “hard” ecotourists (Weaver, 2001).It has been argued that this popularity is driven in large part by representations of nature in popular media such as documentaries and magazines (Lemelin, 2006). Generally, any form of media may play a salient role in tourism contexts, i.e. raising expectations toward destinations, trips or tourism experiences, which may not be met in reality (Michalkó et al., 2015). Thus, while media has the potential to positively impact peoples expectations, perspectives and attitudes it also implies the danger of overpromising. Individuals with unrealistic expectations are hence more likely to experience some form of disappointment (Bramwell, 1998).These general notions can be expected to be specifically relevant in nature-based settings, in that tourists expectations may be highly influenced by curated representations of nature and wildlife. In turn, expectations are generally assumed to impact satisfaction which is a main driver for positive behavioral outcomes such as intention to re-visit and positive word-of-mouth (Faerber et al., 2021). When applied to wildlife tourism experiences we assume that the more the held image (shaped by media consumption) differs from objective reality, the greater will be both the tourists expectation and his/her disappointment.The present study examines the relationship between visitors pre-trip expectations and post-trip satisfaction of a mass ecotourism nature experience as a function of previous involvement in nature activities and organizations, and consumption of wildlife and nature-based media.  
  Call Number Serial 4254  
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Author Nygaard, V.J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Staging the wild: Photographers behaviour and attitudes towards the use of bait, hides and landscape modifications in large carnivore photography Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 124-125  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Wildlife photography is a growing phenomenon in Scandinavia. As most forms of wildlife tourism, wildlife photography may have positive and negative effects, on both local communities and wildlife itself. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate tourists ethics in relation to wildlife photography.My work explores photographers perceptions on the phenomena “wildlife/wild animals” and “wilderness”. These perceptions are also linked to the photographers values. Furthermore, I investigate how they reflect upon facilitating or manipulating both the wildlife itself and the wilderness that serves as a backdrop, in wildlife photography.  
  Call Number Serial 4255  
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Author Berge, T.B., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Between a rock and a hard place: How nature guides in Arctic Svalbard navigate conflicting norms Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 126-127  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Human-wildlife interactions in the context of tourism have received significant attention in the academic literature. However, non-consumptive wildlife watching tourism taking place in animals natural habitats has received less attention than hunting and fishing tourism and human interactions with captive wildlife. Meanwhile, increasing global pressure to visit remote places with unique fauna requires an improved focus on wildlife viewing tourism in animals natural habitat. Tourisms interest in exotic and endangered species is growing and poses a considerable challenge, particularly evident in the Arctic. Polar bear tourism exemplifies the paradox where a vulnerable species is synonymous with both attractive tourism experiences as well as being a symbol of climate change (Lemelin & Dyck, 2008). Also, the demand for close interactions with wildlife has been stimulated and reinforced by marketing and behavioral trends, which poses new challenges to the niche. Therefore, wildlife destinations must strive for comprehensive and interdisciplinary management strategies taking into account both conservation and animal welfare concerns (Winter, 2020).  
  Call Number Serial 4256  
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Author Warmouth, J.; Skibins, J.; Schuler, G., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Cold as Ice? Arctic tourists epiphanies and connection to wildlife Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 128-129  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Wildlife tourism is expected to produce conservation benefits for species observed during a trip. This is due, in part, to the unique wildlife encounters that occur during such trips. It is hypothesized that the more unique and rare animal encounters in the wild are, the more likely tourists will be to realize heightened emotional states. Previous studies have explored tourists emotional connection to wildlife (i.e., conservation caring) and environmental epiphanies as two constructs to evaluate the effect of wildlife tourism experiences. Furthermore, these constructs are shown to have a direct positive influence on conservation behaviors. This study investigated tourists conservation caring and environmental epiphany levels during a 10-day wildlife viewing cruise through the Svalbard Islands (Norway).The purpose of this study is to explore 1) if arctic tourism is capable of stimulating an environmental epiphany; 2) the emotional connections (i.e., conservation caring) arctic tourists form with wildlife, and 3) the relationship between environmental epiphanies and conservation caring.  
  Call Number Serial 4257  
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Author Fennell, D.; Moorhouse, T., pdf  url
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  Title Towards a model for the assessment of conservation, welfare, and governance in wildlife tourism attractions Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 130-130  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract In the absence of appropriate standards to regulate wildlife tourism attractions (WTAs), the treatment of animals is morally justifiable on the basis of what tourists find acceptable. Under this model, there is little motivation for operators to improve standards if tourists do not leave reputationally damaging feedback. Given this current state, the objectives of this paper are twofold. First, we wish to highlight and categorise existing systemic barriers that prevent the operation of a green market for WTAs. Second, we combine knowledge of these barriers with a recently published theoretical framework on animal justice to derive an initial, robust set of practical criteria with which non-expert tourists can externally assess – and accurately represent to other tourists – ethical standards at WTAs. These criteria allow tourists to better understand the scope and consequences of the proper and improper use of animals in tourism, which, in turn, will hopefully induce positive change along governance, conservation and animal welfare lines.  
  Call Number Serial 4258  
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Author Miller, A.; Blahna, D.; Leung, Y.; Morse, W.; Rowland, M., pdf  url
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  Title The recreation ecosystem: A social-ecological systems application for recreation ecology highlighting wildlife Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 132-133  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Research outside the recreation ecology field investigates the benefits of natural ecosystems on recreationists, benefits of recreation on the protected ecosystems in which it occurs, and negative impacts of ecosystem components on recreation. Other, less common explorations apply ecological concepts to understand recreation opportunities, activities, and behavior. However, empirical research investigating relationships between social and ecological systems in the recreation context within the same research project (e.g. DAntonio et al. 2013) are sparse. A recent review of the recreation ecology literature revealed this scarcity, with only 3.4% of articles considered interdisciplinary (Sumanapala & Wolf 2019). Interdisciplinary research is critical in understanding how social and ecological systems work together in the outdoor recreation context. This gap could be addressed through development of a framework for interdisciplinary studies in recreation ecology.  
  Call Number Serial 4259  
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Author Mangachena, J.; Pickering, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Why are some species more popular with wildlife tourists: Insights from South Africa. Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 134-135  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Wildlife tourism is popular in many countries and often takes place in protected areas including in developing countries (Higginbottom and Tribe, 2004). Income generated from this type of tourism can contribute to the economy and provide employment in rural areas, including in South Africa (Naidoo et al. 2011). Considering its potential benefits, it is important for those providing wildlife tourism opportunities to know which species are attractive to tourists and why. A common way to obtain this information is by surveying visitors in parks, and this has been done in a range of parks in South Africa, but how do the studies compare, and what species were most popular overall and why? To assess tourists preferences for wildlife tourism in South Africa, we examined data from multiple published surveys in several parks and private game reserves to: 1) examine consistency in species popularity among locations and visitors, and 2) identify species traits that may account for differences in popularity.  
  Call Number Serial 4260  
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Author Godwin, D.; Hughes, M.; Kobryn, H., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Snorkeller attitudes and behaviours at two popular sites in Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, northern Western Australia. Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 138-139  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Globally, coral reefs play various important roles. Despite only occupying ~0.2% of the surface of the ocean, coral reefs are home to diverse species, provide ecosystem services and generate income for millions of people (Cesar et al., 2003). Approximately 18% of all coral reef habitats are in marine protected areas. While marine protected area management commonly seeks to balance conservation and human use, there are ongoing concerns about human activity impacts, including recreational uses like snorkelling. The World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Reef Marine Park, in northern Western Australia, receives approximately 179,000 visitors annually, with snorkelling rated as the most important and popular recreational activity in the Marine Park (Jones et al., 2011). Although snorkelling is generally considered a low-impact activity, growing evidence suggests that certain behaviours, including fin kicks, brushes, grabs, and sitting, standing or kneeling on corals, may damage coral colonies, which are slow to recover (Webler & Jakubowski, 2016). While previous studies looked at how snorkellers impact Ningaloo Reef, few have looked at behavioural drivers to understand why.  
  Call Number Serial 4262  
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Author Dybsand, H.N.H.; Stensland, S., pdf  url
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  Title Centrality to life and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The case of musk ox safaris in Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, Norway Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 140-141  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Ajzens (1985) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most recognized frameworks for understanding wildlife-related behaviors. According to this framework, intentions to perform behaviors can be predicted from attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral intentions are evaluated as how likely a person is to perform a behavior in the future, with these intentions accounting for a considerable amount of variance in actual behavior together with perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991). Involvement is another useful concept when studying behavioral outcomes, as highly involved participants can hold more intense attitudes and emotions, that may in turn influence future behavior (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999). Understanding a possible relationship between involvement and TPB may provide further insight on wildlife-related behaviors, as the literature suggests both concepts have effects on behavioral intentions. However, to the best of the authors knowledge there are no previous studies combining TPB and involvement in a wildlife watching tourism context. Meanwhile, one of wildlife watching tourisms main justifications is its potential to improve participants empathy and actions toward wildlife and the environment (Hughes, 2013). However, some activities are better suited for this purpose than others, and short duration and mass marketed activities oriented toward a single focal species may not have this effect (Curtin, 2013).Our study investigates connections between TPB and centrality to life, a concept that is often used to measure involvement when studying participants degree of recreation specialization (Scott & Shafer, 2001) and enduring involvement (Forgas-Coll et al., 2017). Additionally, we investigated participants intentions to perform three pro-environmental behaviors that benefits wildlife following a wildlife watching experience.  
  Call Number Serial 4263  
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Author Sorakunnas, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The experiential value of national park visits Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 144-145  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The marketing discipline offers suitable and well-established constructs for viewing outdoor recreation from the demand perspective, namely experiential consumption (Holbrook and Hirschman 1982) and consumer value (Woodruff 1997, Holbrook 1999). Although non-commercial, visiting national parks represents consumption in terms of acquiring experiences; visitors immerse themselves in an experiential, nature-based context to derive personal experiences that provide value. The concept of consumer value has been established in marketing for long, but self-organized and independent visits to national parks represent a new area of application. This approach, viewing park visits through the eyes of the visitors, combines the setting attributes and individuals activities to their desired personal outcomes. Thus, it is similar to the Outcomes Focused Management approach (Driver, 2008) as well as the Recreation Preference Scale (Driver, 1983) and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (Clark and Stankey, 1979) frameworks, but provides an integrated outlook by comprising also the underlying universal values unlike conventional outdoor recreation research.  
  Call Number Serial 4264  
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Author Loseth, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Niches in tourism- how do the entrepreneurs learn and interact? Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 146-147  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract While the tourism industry pre-pandemic was steadily growing worldwide, it has often been portrayed as a sector with challenges tied to knowledge development and innovation. This has been explained by the industry being dominated by small and medium sized businesses, high levels of labor turnover, challenges tied to seasonality, rapid changes of ownership and lack of dedicated career ladders (Hjalager, 2002). The nature of the tourism experience makes cooperation necessary in the industry, but the small scale of the businesses means limited resources for network cooperation. The fragmentation of the industry may also halt cooperation, as it consists of entities of different scales from different areas, that hinders communication and knowledge transfer (Czernek, 2017). Instead of trying to cover the whole of a fragmented industry, this research will examine knowledge development in businesses that offers similar products. Aldrich and Fiol (1994) use the concept of organizational populations to describe groups of organizations with similar products and/ or processes. Research on knowledge transfer in tourism indicate that businesses with similar product products has the potential for more specific learning, and more direct imitation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010:610), and that product similarity is positively related to exploitative knowledge transfers resulting in innovation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010; Sørensen, 2007).  
  Call Number Serial 4265  
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Author Livina, A.; Druva-Druvaskalne, I., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Experiences of Co-Designing Tourism Product Strategy for Tourism Destination: Bottom-up approach Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 148-149  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Management issues of tourism destination highlight collaboration among involved stakeholders, their engagement in planning processes, functions and responsibilities, particularly hot item is sales of tourism destination and tourism products (Mariani et al. 2013; Mackay et al. 2020). The purpose of the paper is to show development process of tourism product strategy development initiated by bottom -up approach.  
  Call Number Serial 4266  
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Author Konu, H.; Tyrvainen, L., pdf  url
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  Title Tourism firms perceptions on payments for ecosystem services model – Case: Landscape and Recreation Value Trade Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 150-151  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Countries with abundant natural environments have recently attracted growing number of tourists motivated mainly by the variety of nature-based activities and attractions. The nature is the core resource in nature-based tourism and hence quality of nature as well as its accessibility are essential for service providers (e.g. Fredman & Tyrväinen, 2010). Although tourism industry benefits directly or indirectly from nature and landscape conservation, it is not usually actively engaged in or contributing to these targets. One reason for this is the lack of diverse incentives and models that enable the contribution easily (Konu & Tyrväinen, 2020). Therefore, new instruments, such as Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) models, are needed in nature-based tourism areas to secure the natural environments and enhance the quality of forest landscapes (e.g. Tyrväinen et al. 2014, Mäntymaa et al., 2019). The PES policies compensate communities or individuals for taking actions that support and increase the provision of ecosystem services (Jack et al., 2008). It is noted that to be efficient and generally accepted a PES scheme should be both socially and environmentally robust and fulfil the needs of stakeholders involved (Reed et al., 2017). Hence the participatory approach and mapping stakeholder perceptions have a central role in developing PES models. This case study introduces a tourism-related PES model that will be funded by tourism sector to support landscape and recreational values of forests in Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area in northern Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 4267  
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Author Nowak, M.; Heldt, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Financing recreational trails through donations: Management challenges, visitor experiences and behavioural theory in a mountain biking context Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 152-153  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The demand for outdoor recreation has significantly increased over the last decade, and along with this the pressure on financial resources required to develop recreational infrastructure in nature areas. Fiscal and regulatory policies to generate the necessary funding are often neither ideologically nor legally accepted in countries where the right of public access applies, which is particularly broad in scope in the Nordics. Local stakeholders are thus reliant on voluntary contributions of visitors as one funding source (Sandell & Fredman, 2010). However, since these are often insufficient to cover the costs of infrastructure development, new strategies are called for to realise the benefits of trail-based recreation in the Nordics, without impeding the right to roam and the welfare of the natural environment (Sandell & Fredman, 2010). Soft policy approaches enhanced with insights from behavioural economics may offer such alternatives (Heldt, 2005). Recent research in this field provides strong arguments that consideration of social and psychological factors can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of soft policies (Avineri, 2012; Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). Behavioural theories like the Norm Activation Model (Schwartz, 1977), Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 2012), and Conditional Cooperation (Frey & Meier, 2004) have thus increasingly been used to study different pro-social behaviours and to inform policies accordingly (Testa et al., 2018). Despite their success in various field, behaviourally informed policies are still rare in the management of nature areas.  
  Call Number Serial 4268  
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Author Hartje, V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Funding outdoor recreational opportunities in Germany- conceptual foundations and state of literature and data Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 154-155  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract A lot of the economic research on the management of visitors in recreational and protected areas focuses on the demand side (what makes visitors tick). It asks how management could relate/ react to the needs, interests, behavior of visitors to make the recreational experience worthwhile for these visitors. This is to a large extent due to the methodological advances in valuing recreational decisions. Comparatively, the amount of research on the supply side of recreational opportunities has been rather small. The standard economic analysis of supply of other (e. g. consumer) goods (in economic terms private goods) focuses on the need to make the necessary resources available for the production of these goods, looks at the cost implications and sees how prices develop to cover these costs and how they fund the supply of these goods. This analysis has been applied to recreation as a recreational production process by Loomis & Walsh in their textbook in 1997. Within this approach, a public supply of recreational opportunities is combined with a household production involving time, money skill equipment to generate visitor use of the area (p.14). I would like to propose a differentiation of their model, by pointing out that outdoor recreational opportunities are not managed jointly as a public supply (as in the National Parks in the USA), but that the major inputs to recreational opportunities (land, landscape qualities, water bodies, access, ancillary infrastructure, information about the opportunities and users knowledge for use) are often provided separately, by different providers and funded by varying sources. This is the case in Germany and it can be observed in other countries as well.  
  Call Number Serial 4269  
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Author Burns, G.L.; Haraldsdoottir, L., pdf  url
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  Title Interpretation in Ásbyrgi: communicating with National Park visitors in Iceland Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 136-137  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The tourism industry in Iceland is of significant economic importance to the country and, until global travel restrictions in 2020, the number of visitors to natural areas was continuing to grow. Corresponding with this increase is the need to effectively manage tourists to ensure safe and responsible experiences that are as socially, economically and environmentally sustainable as possible. This management includes decisions about interpretation – what information to provide for tourists and the most effective way to deliver that information to them. This presentation will report on part of a project conducted at Asbyrgi, in the northern section of Icelands Vatnajökull National Park. The parks managers are cognisant that Tourism in national parks is essentially about providing memorable nature-based experiences for visitors (Weiler et al., 2019) and want to provide those experiences without disturbing the plant and animal life in the park. To achieve this, they are keen to implement interpretation that aims to stimulate interest, promote learning, guide visitors in appropriate behaviour for sustainable tourism and encourage enjoyment and satisfaction (Moscardo et al. 2004).  
  Call Number Serial 4261  
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Author Chekalina, T.; Fuchs, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Evaluating the impact of mobile apps on nature-based tourism experiences Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 156-157  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of applications developed for smartphones intended for usage in connection with nature-based tourism (NBT) experience. Outdoor recreationists increasingly use mobile applications to interact with nature by consuming, creating and sharing the content related to NBT experience before, during and after the trip (Wang et al., 2014; Dickinson, Hibbert, and Filimonau, 2016). We argue that both, content and the various elements of mobile apps functionalities show the capacity to enhance major aspects of the NBT experience, such as emotional, social and epistemic experience value, as well as excellence, efficiency and safety (Chekalina, Fuchs, and Lexhagen, 2018). NBT segments utilize various functional elements of mobile apps (either web-based applications or native apps users need to download and install on their smartphones), such as map-based information, weather/avalanche warnings, augmented reality and 360 images, QR-code tags and geocaching, location-based services, near field communication (NFC) and mobile payments, as well as social media integration (Buhalis and Foerste, 2014; Kolas et al., 2015). Prior research identifies various categories of apps, which can enhance the NBT experience (Chekalina, Fossgard, and Fuchs, 2021). Digital reference books replace printed guides of birds, plants, mushrooms and integrate image recognition and augmented reality technology. The categories of “exercise and training” apps and “map and navigation” apps show similarities in terms of content and functionality. However, the former category focuses on performance, such as pace, distance, elevation or calorie consumption, while the focus of apps in the latter category is on tracks, routes and attractions. Other categories of apps include travel guides, weather apps, games, compass apps, flashlight apps, apps for photo and video, as well as niche social media networks (Chekalina et al., 2021).  
  Call Number Serial 4270  
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Author Akurugoda, I.; Karunaratne, M., pdf  url
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  Title Challenges and potentials of sustainable ecotourism management and conservation: A case study of Kanneliya rainforest in Sri Lanka Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 158-159  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Tourism has become a major income source in the Sri Lankan economy. During 1980s, beach tourism was a prominent industry in Sri Lanka. This trend has been changed over time and according to the new world trends. At present, tourism has various sub-divisions such as ecotourism, agro-tourism, adventure tourism and heritage tourism (Fernando & Meedeniya, 2009; SLTDA, 2015). Out of these, ecotourism can be identified as the most popular and fastest growing sub-division of the tourism industry (Donohoe & Needham, 2006; Page & Dowling, 2001; Fennell, 2003). Ecotourism, according to Fenell (2001) is traveling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations (both past and present) found in these areas. Fennell (2001) identifies five of the most frequently cited variables within ecotourism: (1) reference to where ecotourism occurs (natural areas); (2) conservation; (3) reference to culture; (4) benefits to locals; and (5) education. The practice of ecotourism has generated interest of many stakeholders as it attempts to satisfy contrasting conservation and tourism development needs (Donohoe & Needham, 2006). For Das & Chatterjee (2015), proper management of the ecotourism sites at each of economic, social and environmental could help in the long-term conservation.  
  Call Number Serial 4271  
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Author Cajiao, D.; Leung, Y.; Larson, L.; Tejedo, P.; Benayas, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Exploring the association of trip characteristics and motivations with pro-environmental outcomes of Antarctic tourists: An analysis based on PRE and POST surveys. Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 160-161  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Tourism in Antarctica has significantly increased and diversified over the last decades (Carey, 2020). In the 2019-2020 season, the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) reported 74 401 tourists visiting the continent, representing a 134% increase from the 2010-2011 season (IAATO, 2021). While Antarctic tourists are purported to have meaningful interactions with the Antarctic environment, little empirical research exists to understand how motivations and trip characteristics of the Antarctic journey shape tourists experiential outputs, which may in turn influence their pro-environmental outcomes, both core elements of Nature Based Tourism (NBT) experiences.  
  Call Number Serial 4272  
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Author Oian, H.; Ericsson, B.; Selvaag, S.; Breiby, M.; Lerfald, M., pdf  url
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  Title The second home industry in Norway – management and sustainability Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 162-163  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Norway, like the other Nordic countries, has long holiday-cabin traditions (see e.g. Müller, 2007). Until a few decades ago cabins were built scattered throughout large mountainous areas and were mostly without electricity, water supply, and car road connection. Since the 80s, urbanization, growing average income, increased mobility, flexible working hours, and digitalization have caused an increasing demand for second homes with a standard that roughly equals first homes. This has changed both the landscapes and the ways in which people are using their second homes. The increase in the number of second homes should also be seen in the context of the continuous depopulation of Norways mountain municipalities. The growing tourism industry is often viewed as the lifeline in these communities. This has contributed significantly to the boom in second home industry, especially in areas easily accessible from the metropolitan areas. While offering economic advantages for landowners and developers, local businesses, and municipalities, the second home industry encounters several sustainability challenges, which has resulted in resentments and conflicts among several kinds of stakeholders (Overvåg & Berg, 2011).  
  Call Number Serial 4273  
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Author Selin, S.; Valenzuela, F.; Golston, J., pdf  url
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  Title A participatory assessment of the USDA Forest Service Southwestern Regions sustainable recreation strategy Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 164-165  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Public land management agencies, both in the United States and internationally, have been challenged mightily to operationalize sustainable outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism policies and practices at a field level.  Needed are action-oriented and field-based evaluative research focused on “how” sustainable recreation is being operationalized in the field.  The purpose of this research study was to conduct a participatory evaluation of the Southwestern Region (Region 3) Sustainable Recreation Strategy (SRS) after five years of implementation.  Using both outcome-based and process measures, the study evaluated the efficacy of SRS policy/program actions and interventions in progressing towards its original goals and expected outcomes.  In addition, the study also assessed what policy/program adjustments are needed in the SRS to adapt to system and agency change and to strengthen the capacity of Region 3 Recreation Programs across the 11 National Forests.    
  Call Number Serial 4274  
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Author Spernbauer, B.; Monz, C.; Smith, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Impacts and trade-offs of alternative transportation systems in U.S. National Parks Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 166-167  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract As climate change continues to become a serious threat to social and ecological systems, strategies to reduce emissions are becoming increasingly important. Many park and protected area management agencies have begun to seriously consider their role in contributing to, and possibly mitigating, climate change. The US National Park Service, for example, has attempted to reduce the emissions generated as a result of park visitation by implementing alternative transportation systems (ATS) at select national parks across the country. Those most commonly include voluntary or mandatory shuttle systems. Despite their promise of reducing emissions while also alleviating congestion and capacity issues, the implementation of ATS can have other consequences such as negatively affecting visitor experiences, resource conditions at attraction sites, and park budgets (Law- son et al., 2017; Manning et al., 2014). National park managers are consequently placed in the precarious position of having to consider the visitor experience, resource protection, and economic development (National Park Service, 2004). Balancing trade-offs between environmental, social, and economic interests is made more difficult given the lack of research which has taken a comprehensive approach to the implications of ATS. This research begins to fill this gap by systematically examining the primary and secondary impacts of ATS in US National Parks. By doing so, we provide managers and researchers with a holistic view on the topic, and point out the trade-offs that need to be considered when considering implementing or expanding an ATS.  
  Call Number Serial 4275  
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Author Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 168-169  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants.   
  Call Number Serial 4276  
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Author Hansen, A.S.; Glette, V.; Arce, J.F., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Mapping recreational activities in coastal and marine areas – PPGIS findings from western Sweden Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 172-173  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The presentation reports on a study and published paper with a focus on mapping coastal-marine recreation in the Gothenburg region on the west coast of Sweden. In Sweden, outdoor recreation is considered an important land and water use activity, and is associated with key societal aspects, such as increased environmental awareness, public health and local development. For this reason, outdoor recreation has become an important planning topic in the Gothenburg region, which offers many recreational opportunities in the coastal zone (Hansen, 2016).  
  Call Number Serial 4277  
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Author Teles da Mota, V.; Pickering, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Mapping visitation across thousands of kilometres of beaches using social media data Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 174-175  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Coastal areas are very popular worldwide, providing a range of important ecosystem services. Tourism and recreation are within those services, with beach tourism popular in a range of areas including the Mediterranean, east and west coast of the USA, Latin America and Australia. Assessing tourists to beaches including who visits, when and where and what they value is important for tourism and coastal managers, including to better allocate facilities and resources and for tourism campaigns. Traditional methods such as direct observations, track counters, and surveys have been used to gather such data, but with some limitations (Veal, 2018). In an attempt to complement traditional methods, metadata of posts on social media platforms have been increasingly used by researchers to assess visitation to natural areas (Ghermandi & Sinclair, 2019; Teles da Mota & Pickering, 2020), as it is often free and easy to use, and provide large amounts of user generated content. Beaches, although very popular for tourism, are only now being assessed using geolocated data from social media. This talk presents preliminary results of a comparison of temporal and spatial patterns of beach use at a regional scale, using Flickr images metadata. Specifically, it assesses: (1) who visits beaches, including locals, other nationals and international tourists, and (2) temporal and (3) spatial patterns of beach use along the whole 2,101 km coastline of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, including Sydney, the largest city in Australia with internationally renowned beaches including Bondi and Manly.  
  Call Number Serial 4278  
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Author Kaae, B.C.; Olafsson, A.S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Inclusion of coastal and marine recreation in a data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters. Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 176-176  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract This presentation describes how coastal and marine recreation data has been included in a cross-sectoral project ECOMAR: A data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters. This development and demonstration project involves data from a range of marine sectors including coastal and marine recreation and analyses these in an extensive cumulative impact assessment modelling. The presentation will focus on the results linked to the coastal and marine recreation: How other marine sectors have impact on coastal and marine recreation as well as the recreational impacts on some of the sectors. The results, implications and use of coastal and marine recreation data for Maritime Spatial Planning and management are discussed and related to the newly released Danish Maritime Spatial Plan.  
  Call Number Serial 4279  
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Author De Bie, K.; Rose, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Community usage, awareness and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries in Victoria, Australia. Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 178-179  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract National parks and protected areas in Victoria, Australia, are managed by a state government agency, Parks Victoria.Parks Victoria was established in 1998 and are responsible for managing an expanding and diverse estate covering more than 4 million hectares, or about 17 per cent, of the state.In 2002, the Victorian Government established the Marine National Park system, including 13 Marine National Parks (MPAs) and 11 Marine Sanctuaries.MPAs span Victorias five marine bioregions and aim to conserve and protect ecological processes, habitats and associated flora and fauna. With 2022 signalling the 20-year anniversary of the Victorian Marine National Park system, there was a desire to better understand Victorians current awareness, usage and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries.Specific aims of this research include to: Measure recent community visitation to the MNPS Understand community awareness of, and key perceived benefits of the MNPS Identify differences in perceptions, if any, between users, non-users and their respective segments Identify indicators and metrics that could measure the social, ecological and/or economic value provided by the MNPS Understand awareness and reception of current communication tools, and identify avenues to develop and refine communications in general  
  Call Number Serial 4280  
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Author Botelho, A.Z.; Costa, A.C.; Parente, M.I.; Torres, P.; Borges, P.; Nunes, J.C.; Ventura, M.A., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Seascapes in the Azores: from tourist perception to site evaluation Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 180-181  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The Archipelago of the Azores has a high potential for tourism differentiation at an international level due to its distinctive and unique characteristics and natural beauty. Seascapes have high biological diversity, ecological and economic connectivity, and aesthetic and cultural value (Atkinson et al., 2011), although seldom subjected to assessments. Additionally, marine geological heritage has been only occasionally exploited by Azorean companies, mostly because there is a lack of data about underwater geodiversity, geological heritage, and its valuation, for recreational purposes. This study (within the project SCAPETOUR – SeaSCAPEs promotion to diversify TOURistic products) aimed to analyze visitors perception regarding the importance of seascapes features and their value, more specifically: a detailed and full characterization as well as sectorial analyses of selected coastal and underwater trails for tourism and a valuation of seascapes for tourism and conservation purposes, including visitors perception regarding the seascape features. In the context of species conservation and ecosystem protection, it is important to increase users and stakeholders knowledge on the natural value of the assets to promote sustainable use of the ocean and marine life.  
  Call Number Serial 4281  
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Author Mykletun, R.J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Cold water wave surfing and tourism destination developments in Norway Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 184-184  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract With a length of 103,000 km, The Norwegian coastline is the second longest worldwide and offers many places with good wave surfing conditions. At the outset, wave surfing was a warm water leisure activity, but modern wetsuits provide thermal protection for surfers that make cold water surfing possible. Since its onset in 1963, surfing in Norway has grown as leisure, sport, and tourism activities. To date, only two papers have focused surfing in Norway.Langseth focused on the construction of surfer identities in Norway, while Elmahdy, Orams, & Mykletun (2021) studied Norwegian surfers experiences and travel behaviour. No official registration of surfing sites exists, and studies have addressed the localisation and development of surfing destinations and possible consequential environmental issues on the Norwegian coastline, which is the focus of this paper. How and where has surfing developed in Norway, and does it threaten conservation and protection goals?  
  Call Number Serial 4283  
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Author Sidder, S.; D'Antonio, A.; Dinkins, J.; Monz, C.; Wesstrom, S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Exploring landscape-scale social and ecological drivers of backcountry sea kayaker campsite selection in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 186-187  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Researchers and land managers increasingly consider parks and protected areas (PPAs) to be integrated social-ecological systems. To apply social-ecological concepts to recreation research in PPAs, researchers must incorporate both social and ecological factors into research on the drivers of recreation behaviors. This research presents one approach for incorporating social and ecological drivers, at the landscape-scale, into a behavioral analysis by applying movement ecology concepts to understand drivers of campsite selection among backcountry sea kayakers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA).  
  Call Number Serial 4284  
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Author Matsuba, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Differences in the desired environments for marine and coastal recreational spots: an analysis of user valuation at travel- review websites Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 188-189  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Marine and coastal ecosystems have provided us with various recreational services such as beach recreation, recreational fishing, and aesthetic or spiritual spots. These recreational services have attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of improving psychological human well-beings as well as providing economic values through sightseeing and recreation. However, quantitative evaluation of recreational services provided by seascape is not enough. In this research, I constructed the statistical model to reveal the relationship between environments and marine and coastal recreational values evaluated by a user valuation at travel-review websites. Then, I applied this model to future climate and demographic changes to assess future threat to recreation services in Japan.  
  Call Number Serial 4285  
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Author Hochreutener, A.; Pachlatko, J.; Wyttenbach, M.; Boldt, A.; Rupf, R., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Aletsch Forest in the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch: changes of visitor flows and vegetation in the last ten years Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 192-193  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The Aletsch Forest in Switzerland lies within the UNESCO natural World Heritage site Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch and is one of the oldest of its kind. The 410 ha large forest is protected as a cantonal forest and nature reserve as well as a federal wildlife reserve. The private nature conservation organization Pro Natura manages the area on behalf of the canton of Valais. Recreationists greatly value this pristine nature and each summer many people visit the forest. Management of the Aletsch Forest therefore faces the challenge of finding a balance between use and protection. Utmost priority has the undisturbed natural development of the forest. It is prohibited to leave official trails or resting areas. Still, a sustainable recreational use should be possible. To navigate between these demands and to make effective visitor management decisions, the area management needs empirical data to characterise recreationists (Clivaz et al. 2013) as well as the natural setting (Stankey et al. 1985).  
  Call Number Serial 4286  
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Author Kim, H.; Ito, R.; Shoji, Y.; Aikoh, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Evaluation of crowding acceptability in national recreation area using field and web-based surveys: A case study in Shiretoko World Heritage site Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 194-195  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Crowding management is an important issue in the field of natural recreation. Our study site at Shiretoko National Park is one of Japans most popular natural recreation areas, visited by over 1 million visitors every year. Particularly in the summer season, many visitors want to observe bears, causing crowding problems. To solve these crowding issues, it is essential to determine the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas. To this end, investigating visitors crowding perceptions (crowding norms) is necessary. There are various approaches to measuring visitors crowding norms. More recently, visual approaches have been widely applied. This approach enables the identification of respondents crowding norms by asking them to identify the most acceptable level of crowding using photographs or illustrations (Manning & Freimund, 2004). As this approach uses photographs or illustrations, respondents can visibly recognize and recall the places in question (Manning & Freimund, 2004). Many studies investigating visitors crowding norms have been conducted using field and web- based surveys. However, researchers have given limited attention to explaining how crowding norms differ between fields and potential visitors. When determining the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas, it is necessary to consider both visitor types crowding norms; this paper investigates these, providing suggestions for determining the appropriate carrying capacity.  
  Call Number Serial 4287  
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Author Jungmeier, M.; Kovarovics, A.; Leitner, H.; Rossmann, D., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Managing emerging patterns of outdoor recreation – The example of Nockberge Bio-sphere Reserve, Austria Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 198-199  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple aspects of human-nature interactions and relationships. In protected areas, for example, the significantly reduced or altered visitor frequencies of the anthropopause (Rutz et al., 2020, p. 1156) have opened up the possibility of observing the influence of tourism and visitor behaviour on wildlife. Yet, the pandemic has increased the pressure on many natural sites and protected areas. An inquiry on European protected areas identifies overcrowding, a new profile of visitors, problematic behavior, and conflicts between different user groups(McGinlay et al., 2020, p. 1) as corresponding problems. This gives measures for the precautionary proactive management of visitor flows and tourism activities a new relevance.  
  Call Number Serial 4289  
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Author Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera-Carbonell, S.; Dorado-Martinez, V.; Nogueira- Mendes, R.M.; Iturria, D.; Sola, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title How many is too much? A methodological approach to determining climbing carrying capacity. The case of Margalef Site – Serra de Montsant Natural Park – Spain Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 196-197  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Protected areas (PA) are key territories for protecting biodiversity while also providing opportunities for human-environment interactions through recreation and tourism, activities that have generally grown all over the world. Over the last three decades, due to the improvement of materials, techniques, and methods of physical preparation, one of the recreational/sports use that has increased considerably in PA has been Climbing that has reached unpredictable popularity and technical levels, increasing pressure and impacts over natural and fragile environments. The Montsant Natural Park, located in the westernmost of the Catalan Pre-littoral range, within the Priorat region, is a special rocky territory with five differentiated climbing areas among which Margalef stands out by being a well known internationally climbing spot with over 1500 routes. This PA that occupies 9.242 hectares, received nearly 166.000 visits in 2020, of which almost 55% concentrated in Margalef area (Farias, Morera & Dorado, 2019). To manage visitation and nature conservation, several carrying capacity frameworks have been developed over the last decades considering all its environmental, social, and economic factors but only a few attempts have been made to operationalize this concept and to transform it into a management tool (Manning 2002). This paper aims to present an adaptation of Cifuentess Touristic Carrying Capacity (Cifuentes,1992), widely applied in the context of trails, to the climbing routes.  
  Call Number Serial 4288  
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Author Rupf, R.; Pachlatko, J.B.; Wyttenbach, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Backcountry winter recreation in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Engiadina Val Müstair, Switzerland – Developments in the last 10 years Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 200-201  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Engiadina Val Müstair is situated in the easternmost part of Switzerland at the border to Italy. Since 2010, together with the Swiss National Park, it forms Switzerlands first UNESCO biosphere reserve in the alpine region. The biosphere reserve is well known for its wildlife such as the ibex, chamois and red deer as well as grouse such as the black grouse and capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). The latter is a large woodland species with very specialized habitat preferences. Its population has declined in recent decades in Central Europe and therefore the species is classified as endangered EN on the Swiss red list of breeding birds. Due to cold conditions with high snow cover and a lack of feed, capercaillies are very sensitive to disturbance in winter.At the same time, Val Müstair biosphere reserve is a renowned backcountry winter recreation area which attracts many visitors who are passionate about winter sports activities like snowshoeing or ski mountaineering. As a consequence, the issue of conflicts between backcountry activities and conservation has emerged. The situation from 2008 to 2010 was analysed by Rupf et al. (2011). It could be demonstrated that winter recreationists travel quite often through capercaillie core habitats.According to Swiss nationwide representative surveysfrom 2008 to 2020, the number of declared active winter backcountry sports recreationists has increased by 275 % from about 165,000 to 455,000 (Lamprecht et al., 2009, 2015, 2020). Additionally, Haegeli et al. (2019) and Rupf et al. (2019) state that some backcountry visitor groups look to avoid crowds and therefore enter new terrain, even though it would increase their risk of being caught by an avalanche. Based on those findings, there is an implication that the wildlife habitats will continue to subjected to the pressure of recreational backcountry winter sports activities. In this article we will address following research questions:1) Could increased numbers of winter backcountry recreationists also be observed in the countryside, specifically in UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Val Engiadina Val Müstair? – How have the numbers of usage changed in the last ten years?2) What effects did a forest clearance on a ski mountaineering route have for its neighbouring wildlife habitats?  
  Call Number Serial 4290  
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Author Pereira da Silva, C.; Mendes, R.N.; Fonseca, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title 10 years of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas: Challenges and pitfalls Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 202-203  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The protected areas, including UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, have been witnessing an increase in the number of visitors, resulting in periods of human overload, which can compromise the development strategy, conservation objectives, and the quality of the recreational experience. Information about visitors is therefore vital to create new management strategies, which also include education and environmental awareness.Now, that in 2021 we are celebrating the 10th anniversary of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Berlengas (Portugal), it is appropriate to assess the evolution in the last decade, mainly about visitation, and consider the challenges ahead.  
  Call Number Serial 4291  
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Author Arklina, A., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Synergies between youth and biosphere reserve. Case of North Vidzeme Biosphere reserve, Latvia Type
  Year (up) 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 204-205  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic proved that natural areas play an important role in human daily life and even more in their leisure time activities. Managing institutions of specially protected areas are paying more attention to planning tourism infrastructure without harm to the environment and show members of society, especially youth, that these areas are open for people.More and more questions have been raised about young people and their motivation to visit protected natural areas in order to raise awareness and ensure nature protection in the future (Egan, 2016). It is important to understand why travelers go to visit nature tourism attractions and what influences their decision or motivation to go there in order to be able to prepare and offer an appropriate service.  
  Call Number Serial 4292  
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