|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Itami, R.; Raulings, R.; MacLaren, G.; Hirst, K.; Gimblett, R.; Zanon, D.; Chladek, P., |
|
|
Title |
RBSim 2: Simulating the Complex Interactions between Human Movement and the Outdoor Recreation Environment |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
191-198 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
This paper describes advancements in recreation management using new technology that couples Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Intelligent Agents to simulate recreation behaviour in real world settings. RBSim 2 (Recreation Behaviour Simulator) is a computer simulation program that enables recreation managers to explore the consequences of change to any one or more variables so that the goal of accommodating increasing visitor use is achieved while maintaining the quality of visitor experience. RBSim provides both a qualitative understanding of management scenarios by the use of map graphics from a GIS as well as a quantitative understanding of management consequences by generating statistics during the simulation. Managers are able to identify points of over crowding, bottlenecks in circulation systems, and conflicts between different user groups. RBSim 2 is a tool designed specifically for the purposes of simulating human recreation behaviour in outdoor environments. The software is designed to allow recreation researchers and managers to simulate any recreation environment where visitors are restricted to movement on a network (roads, trails, rivers, etc.). The software architecture is comprised of the following components: • GIS module to enter travel network, facilities, and elevation data • Agent module to specify tourist personality types, travel modes, and agent rules • Typical Trip planner to specify trips as an aggregation of entry/exit nodes, arrival curves, destinations and agents • Scenario designer to specify combinations of travel networks, and typical trip plans • Statistical module to specify outputs and summarize simulation results. This paper describes the RBSim software architecture with specific reference to the trip planning algorithms used by the recreation agents. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 470 |
Serial |
2298 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Ivy, M.I., |
|
|
Title |
Video Monitoring Visitors as a Management Tool: Identifying the Issues |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
483-483 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 572 |
Serial |
2348 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Jackson, S.; Haider, W.; Elliot, T., |
|
|
Title |
Resolving Inter-Group Conflict in Winter Recreation: Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, British Columbia |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
109-114 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, in British Columbia, Canada, is wellknown for its summer historic gold rush hiking route, and is popular in the winter with local residents for skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Park managers implemented a strategy of temporal segregation to mitigate known conflicts between motorised and nonmotorised winter users. This study evaluated the effectiveness of separating users, by monitoring visitor satisfaction and support for the management strategy, and assessing the key differences between user groups within the theory of asymmetrical conflict. The results show that separating users does increase satisfaction for non-motorised users; however, support for controlled access is moderate to low among all users. This study alerts park managers using direct tools such as controlled access, in that dissatisfaction may shift from those who were most affected by the inter-group conflict (non-motorised users) to the motorised group, who are dissatisfied with increased access limitations and loss of freedom. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 446 |
Serial |
2286 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Karácsonyi, Z.; Aradi, C.; Lisztes, L., |
|
|
Title |
From the Beginning Until the World Heritage Title: The Tendencies and Management of Visitor Flows at the Hortobágy National Park |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
421-422 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The Hortobágy was always in the center of interest because of its special natural values and its characteristic landscape. Even since 1973, when the Hortobágy National Park was established (as the first national park in Hungary) the visitor flows has been significant. However, this mainly meant a 1 or 2 days mass visits. The successive management plans paid increased attention to the problems and issues related to the visitor flows and the possible solutions. The developed zoning-system and the management regulations based on this deal with the tourism. The recently built Epona Rider Village and then the private tourism organizations appeared in increasingly large numbers, and require a new management approach. The important developments of the recent years (educational center, museums, demonstrational centers) also had a great influence on visitor flow management. The practice applied in each stage of the development process, their modifications and further developments, which is to meet the requirements of the World Heritage title, will be introduced. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 546 |
Serial |
2336 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Keirle, I., |
|
|
Title |
Observation as a Technique for Establishing the Use made of the Wider Countryside: a Welsh Case Study |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
40-45 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Surveying the use made of the wider countryside for recreation is problematic due to the scale of the area to be covered. In particular the distribution, numbers and activities of countryside visitors are difficult to ascertain using conventional methodologies such as questionnaires and counters. This paper describes an observational methodology that has been used investigate recreational activity in a 466 square kilometre area of Mid Wales. The results illustrate the countryside resources that are being utilised, the activities undertaken and the number of people involved. It is concluded that observation is a valuable tool in understanding the nature of recreation in the wider countryside. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 422 |
Serial |
2274 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Keßel, A.; Klüpfel, H.; Meyer-König, T.; Schreckenberg, M., |
|
|
Title |
A Concept for Coupling Empirical Data and Microscopic Simulation of Pedestrian Flows |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
199-204 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In this paper we present a concept for coupling empirical data and a microscopic simulation of pedestrian motion. Since there is no automatic detection method available for this task up to now the main focus is on developing such a system. A review of the different detection methods is presented and the requirements are given an automatic system has to fulfil. Additionally, a possible realisation of such a detector is described. Experiences with such a system for vehicular traffic are reviewed. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 472 |
Serial |
2299 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Krämer, A.; Roth, R., |
|
|
Title |
Spatial Requirements of Outdoor Sports in the Nature Park Southern Blackforest – GIS-based Conflict Analysis and Solutions for Visitor Flow Management |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
33-39 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 420 |
Serial |
2273 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Kubícková, S.; Grega, L., |
|
|
Title |
Willingness to Pay for Rural Landscape Preservation |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
335-339 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In this paper we present welfare estimates from a contingent valuation (CV) study, which investigates the potential benefits derived by tourists from the implementation of a programme aimed at preserving the traditional agricultural landscape in the Protected Landscape Area Bílé Karpaty. This area belongs to the most species-rich of the Central Europe. Since 1996 Bílé Karpary has been a biosphere reserve. Our hypothesis is that the agricultural working landscape is a visual resource that is an important attraction to tourists. Here due to the current market conditions arises a danger, that farming activities will be gradually abandoned. The supply of traditional agricultural landscape, which is characteristic for this area, generates economic benefits for which farmers receive little if any remuneration. Any policy aimed at correcting this market failure and providing a socially optimal level of landscape supply needs to be informed about the social demand for this peculiar public good. In this study we estimate the value of rural landscape in the area of Bílé Karpaty for tourism. The magnitude of this form of social benefits turns out to be sizeable and would probably justify – at least in part – a conservation policy aimed at correcting current market tendencies which cause the abandonment of traditional farming practices. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 514 |
Serial |
2320 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Kun, Z., |
|
|
Title |
Managing Visitors Through Certification of Protected Areas’ Business Partners – A Practical Application in Bialowieza National Park, Poland |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
423-428 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
WWF and its business partner, the Molecaten groep Bv initiated PAN Parks concept in 1997 to develop third party verification for measuring management effectiveness of protected areas. PAN Parks wishes to introduce a marriage between nature conservation and sustainable tourism. Business partners have an important role in the project as service and facility provider for visitors. The implementation of the concept of building cooperation between the management and local entrepreneurs started in Bialowieza National Park in 1998. 30 local entrepreneurs signed a letter of intent to work as candidate PAN Parks’ business partners. The concept is that guests visiting these entrepreneurs can get extra information about the Bialowieza National Park, and also about the events in the region. Local entrepreneurs can join if they pay an annual fee, and if they fulfil certain criteria. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 548 |
Serial |
2337 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lawson, S.; Manning, R., |
|
|
Title |
Integrating Multiple Wilderness Values into a Decision-Making Model for Denali National Park and Preserve |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
136-142 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Decisions about how to manage wilderness recreation in Denali National Park and Preserve require managers to integrate a diverse set of public values, a process that typically involves balancing tradeoffs among multiple and often competing values. While decisions about how to manage wilderness are often contentious, previous research suggests that if managers are able to predict public support for various management alternatives the decisions become more tractable. This study develops a decision-making model that integrates social, resource, and managerial values associated with the Denali wilderness experience. Specifically, stated choice analysis is used to evaluate the choices overnight wilderness visitors make when faced with hypothetical tradeoffs among the conditions of social, resource, and management attributes of the Denali wilderness. Study findings offer an empirical approach for predicting and evaluating the likelihood of public support for Denali wilderness management alternatives. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 454 |
Serial |
2290 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lawson, S.; Manning, R.; Valliere, W.; Wang, B.; Budruk, M., |
|
|
Title |
Using Simulation Modeling to Facilitate Proactive Monitoring and Adaptive Management of Social Carrying Capacity in Arches National Park, Utah, USA |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
205-210 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Recent research and management experience has led to several frameworks for defining and managing carrying capacity of national parks and protected areas. The process outlined in contemporary carrying capacity frameworks embodies the principles of adaptive management. That is, management decisions are guided and adapted within these frameworks by monitoring indicator variables to ensure that standards of quality are maintained. The objective of this study was to develop a computer simulation model to estimate the relationships between total park use and the condition of indicator variables. In this way, simulation modeling might facilitate proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity of parks and protected areas. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 474 |
Serial |
2300 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Liebel, G., |
|
|
Title |
Opening Address |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
III-III |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 408 |
Serial |
2267 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lovén, L., |
|
|
Title |
Customer Satisfaction as an Indicator of Social Carrying Capacity – Case Heritage Centre Ukko in Koli National Park, Finland |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
340-345 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The systematic and spontaneous customer feedback from nature tourism customers is studied in the context of social capital created by social welfare services within the national park, especially the visitor centre services. The feedback is considered as an indicator of social carrying capacity. A model has been developed for assessing the impact of different options for developing services in the visitor centre or giving priority to them. The reliability of the model is studied in relation to different customer profiles. As a special case we study on site the customer’s reactions and attitudes about a key responsibility issue in nature tourism development– responsibility of resources. A ”Partnership in Management” experiment was created in Koli National Park, in Finland, where a local supporting association (NGO) produced 18 months visitor services in visitor centre in co-operation with the official park management organisation. According to the customer feedback the majority of visitors considered this arrangement as a very positive idea. They were also willing to pay the marginal costs, which they have caused, when using the services of the association. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 516 |
Serial |
2321 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lukac, G., |
|
|
Title |
The Visitor Flows and the Bird Communities in the Paklenica National Park, Croatia (between 1997-2001) |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
78-83 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The paper shows the visitor flow in the Great Paklenica canyon, the most visited part of Paklenica National Park. This area is the greatest climbing center in Croatia. About 500-800 visitors reside on average in this area daily from mid-April to the end of October. The maximum number of visitors, 90.000, was reached in 2001. Up until now we have noted more than 200 bird species the National Park area, and between 1997 and 2001 we have recorded 56 species breed in the Velika Paklenica canyon. This most visited canyon, is known as the breedding area of 18 rocky bird species, such as as Peregrine Falcon, Short–toed Eagle, Kestrel, Rock Partridge, Eagle owl, Rock Dove, Alpine swift, Raven, Rock Nuthach, Blue Rock Thrush, Rock Thrush, Crag Martin, House Martin, Red-rumped Swallow, Black Redstart, Black-eared Wheatear. One pair of Golden Eagles moved to an inaccessible area of the Mala Paklenica canyon. The small colonies of Griffon Vultures have ceased to exist in the National Park. The Egyptian Vulture have disappeared from Croatia at the end of the 1980-ties. This paper discusses the influences of visitor flows, climbing and other recreational activites on the breeding bird communities. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 436 |
Serial |
2281 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lynch, J., |
|
|
Title |
A Spatial Model of Overnight Visitor Behavior in a Wilderness Area in Eastern Sierra Nevada |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
211-217 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
This paper documents an attempt to simulate spatially the behavior of a group of sampled overnight visitors in a dispersed recreation setting – the Humphrey’s Basin region of the John Muir Wilderness in the eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains. This study utilizes spatial data depicting the behavior of backcountry visitors in Humphrey’s Basin to formulate a model based on cost surface techniques in a geographic information system (GIS) to develop a measure of visitor effort expenditure as a way of describing factors influencing spatial distribution of camping behavior. This hiking effort index model (HEI) measures the accumulative cost hikers expended to traverse varying distances between campsite locations in the study area. The cost grid input for the HEI model consisted of a) a slope factor derived from digital elevation models (DEM), b) the measured hiking times of backpackers at various slopes, and c) the relative cost of traveling either on or off trail. The model measures relative travel cost in units of hiking minutes. The model was tested using a subsample of the actual spatial data of visitor behavior not used in the running of the HEI model. Results indicate that the HEI model does accurately simulate the spatial distribution of visitors. This study thus suggests that human behavior in a dispersed recreation setting can be successfully modeled as well as pointing to ways of further improving simulation techniques |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 476 |
Serial |
2301 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Manning, R.E., |
|
|
Title |
How Much is Too Much? Carrying Capacity of National Parks and Protected Areas |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
306-313 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Increasing recreational use of national parks and protected areas can impact natural and cultural resources and the quality of the visitor experience. Determining how much recreational use can ultimately be accommodated in a park or protected area is often addressed through the concept of carrying capacity. Contemporary approaches to carrying capacity – including the Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) framework developed by the U.S. National Park Service – rely on formulation of indicators and standards of quality of natural/cultural resources and the visitor experience. This paper describes the VERP framework and its application in the U.S. national park system, including a program of research designed to help formulate indicators and standards of quality. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 506 |
Serial |
2316 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Mast, U., |
|
|
Title |
Towards Quality Rural Tourism in Alpine Recreational Areas in Europe: Integrated Quality Management of Rural Tourist Destinations & Presentation of a Case Study in Bregenzerwald, Austria |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
390-396 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The rural recreation areas of Europe provide a wide variety of experiences and attractions for the visitor. Domestic and international visitor flows mostly from conurbations are turning to countryside destinations for holidays in increasing numbers. There are changes in the length and type of visits sought and there is a rapid growth in alternative recreational outdoor activities world wide and thus the alpine rural areas have to be ever more competitive and have to concentrate on sustainable development. At the same time there is an increasing need to be sensitive to both the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the economy, the environment and the local communities. Integrated quality management is an approach to focus on quality by putting suitable management in place, to ensure that visitors have a special experience, meeting or exceeding their expectations while maximising the benefit to the destination and while managing visitor flows. This approach is explored here and the main issues that are discussed, are based on a case study in the Bregenzerwald, Vorarlberg. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 534 |
Serial |
2330 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
McKenzie, J.; Katic, E., |
|
|
Title |
Recreational Use and Wildlife Movement near Mountain Park Communities: Integrating Social and Ecological Management Objectives in Banff National Park |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
429-431 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The proximity and easy access to recreational areas are special features of communities in parks and protected areas. In Canada’s Mountain National Parks, communities are often located in valley bottoms that are important habitat for a wide range of terrestrial wildlife. Managing the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational users near park communities presents a challenge for managers faced with the conflicting objectives of providing recreational opportunities while maintaining the quality of habitat for wildlife. To address land use issues between recreational users and wildlife, we develop management objectives that integrate recreational opportunities with wildlife habitat requirements. We outline methods to collect baseline recreation and wildlife data for an integrated land use plan and describe subsequent steps in the planning process. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 550 |
Serial |
2338 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
McVetty, D., |
|
|
Title |
Understanding Visitor Flows in Canada's National Parks: the Patterns of Visitor Use Study in Banff, Kootenay, and Yoho National Parks |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
46-52 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Parks Canada and its stakeholders are seeking to better understand visitors’ movements, behaviour, and motives to support ecological integrity and sustainable tourism. Traditional market research describes these dimensions one at a time, but few studies have focused on the segmentation needed to addresses all three dimensions together. This study develops a complex visit typology and compares its practical value to a more common segmentation approach: visitor origin. Results suggest that both approaches have practical value, but that the post hoc visit type approach is more useful as a management tool for describing visitor movements. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 424 |
Serial |
2275 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Meçaj, N.; Muharremaj, V., |
|
|
Title |
Dajti National Park A Recreational Area for Citizens of Tirana, Albania |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
432-435 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Dajti National Park is one of the 12 National Parks of Albania, declared as a protected area in 1961. From the administrative of view, it is included in the Tirana District. This Park is managed by the general Directorate of Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Food). Total protected area reaches 10,269 ha. It represents an important additional to the presentation of natural wealth Park. The intention of this paper is to provide visitors with the essential information on natural history and cultural importance of Dajti National Park. It should come into hands of every single visitor and draw his attention to numerous attractions of the first Albanian National Park (field trip, visitor observation, interviews etc.). The results showed that various methods allow a thorough analyses of visitor activities as a basis for the ecologically and economically sustainable management of recreation and conservation areas. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 552 |
Serial |
2339 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Moder, F.; Hellmuth, E., |
|
|
Title |
Objectives and Basis of Management of Visitor Flows in the Biosphere Reserve Vessertal/Thuringia Germany |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
346-352 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The biosphere reserve Vessertal (Biosphärenreservat Vessertal) is one of the two oldest biosphere reserves in Germany and represents a characteristic part of the central European highlands. It is part of the Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald). In this region nature based tourism is very traditional. Since 1999 the increase of touristic offers in combination with the development of more touristic infrastructure caused a variety of activities in visitor management. A first step was the definition of the aims of visitor management. The discussion showed soon that visitor management in the Vessertal should include more aspects than the protection of species and biotops. Nevertheless the survey of sensitive habitats and species is an important basis for all further steps towards a concept of sustainable development. Finally, the first results of a project of reducing the present network of touristic trails are presented. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 518 |
Serial |
2322 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Mowen, A.J., |
|
|
Title |
Estimating Visitor Occasions and Recreational Visits at an Urban Park District |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
436-438 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The need for a committed system to monitor and track visitation over time is increasingly recognized by agencies that are responsive to staffing, budgeting, and public relations. This paper highlights a process that a metropolitan park agency uses to monitor visitation within its jurisdiction. The importance of a long-term and regular counting effort is highlighted as well as a brief discussion of trade-offs made between validity and reliability in the formative years of establishing a new use estimation system. The paper concludes by identifying some of the advantages and limitations inherent when estimating urban park visitation with inductive loop counters. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 554 |
Serial |
2340 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Muhar, A.; Arnberger, A.; Brandenburg, C., |
|
|
Title |
Methods for Visitor Monitoring in Recreational and Protected Areas: An Overview |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-6 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The objective of this paper is to present a systematic overview on methods used for visitor monitoring in recreational areas. Emphasis is given on quantitative methods such as direct observation, video observation, counting devices and registration books. The various approaches are discussed with regard to practical, legal and organisational aspects, such as costs, maintenance requirements, dependence on infrastructure (e.g. electricity), risk of vandalism or suitability for remote and ecologically sensitive locations. For the design of a visitor monitoring scheme in a specific recreational area it is necessary to determine the best combination of devices and methods, depending on the objectives of the monitoring program. This relates also to the temporal resolution of monitoring activities (permanent, periodic, selective). In areas where the recreational use is largely depending on external factors such as weather, daytime and season, the representativity of a sampling scheme becomes crucial for the statistic validity of the obtained data. As visitor monitoring can also be regarded as an interference with the privacy of the persons being monitored, ethic aspects of the application of the various methods must also be addressed. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 410 |
Serial |
2268 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Muharremaj, V., |
|
|
Title |
Conflicts of Interest on National Parks and Protected Areas during the Transition Period in Albania |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
439-443 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
National Parks of Albania are the most frequented by visitors, because patches of virgin forests, high biodiversity, landscape beauties and nature monuments are present within their areas. During the hard transition period some conflicts of interest have risen on parks and protected areas, which delay their proper management and in a certain degree they affect the flow flux of visitors. The rural appraisal method was mainly used for identification of conflicts. The analyses of factors and causes of these conflicts allow to give some recommendations for their solution, which will influence, in parallel with other measures, on the sustainable management of parks and protected areas, evaluation of their multiple values by the society, and increasing the income of the local communities. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 556 |
Serial |
2341 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Mutz, R.; Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G., |
|
|
Title |
Cyclical Visitor-Behavior Patterns of Urban Forest Recreation Environments and their Determinants – A Statistical View |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
218-224 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Urban forest recreation environments have their particular rhythms, not only natural periodicities, but also periodicites of their human members (vistors, rangers,...). A human forest ecosystem as a basic unit of analysis can be defined as an interaction between the population, the organization of forest and the technology in response to the environment. In order to manage such forest ecosystems information about the recreation demand of visitors is needed, particularly about the rhythms of the visitor flow. A scientific project in Stuttgart, a town in South-Germay, provides for an example. The central objective of this paper is to detect periodicities in a time series of frequencies of certain groups of visitors, observed by a fix video camera over one year (March 1999-March 2000) (n=1421 measurements). A not widespreaded statistical method, the spectral analysis, will be applied on the data. Certain periodicities can be found, especially a day-cycle, week-cycles and year-cycles for the various groups of visitors. Impacts of weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) and weekday (weekend or not) have significant influence on the visitor flow. A simulation illustrates the shape of the cycles, which are detected. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 478 |
Serial |
2302 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Nagy, K., |
|
|
Title |
Public Use of the Public Parks and Protected Areas of Budapest |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
271-276 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Based on the series of studies investigating the public uses of various public parks and nature conservation areas of Budapest, a comparative evaluation was prepared which allowed us to quantify the actual recreational role of these two types of green areas in the green area system of large cities. The approach involved on-site interviews with questionnaires and on-site monitoring, with additional urban planning analyses. The results provided direct help in the development of green area management guidelines for cities and in the preparation of future management plans for protected areas. In addition, the results allowed us to develop planning guidelines and a basis for developing new means of environmental awareness raising and education. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 492 |
Serial |
2309 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Nodilo, M., |
|
|
Title |
Nature Protection in the Service of the Visitors who visit National Park Mljet |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
444-451 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt.National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 558 |
Serial |
2342 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Pekny, R.; Leditznig, C., |
|
|
Title |
Visitor Management in the Wilderness Area Dürrenstein, Lower Austrian Kalkalpen |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
84-88 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
With its approx. 2.400 ha, the wilderness area Dürrenstein lies in the south-western part of Lower Austria in the northern Kalkalpen. The primary objective of this protected area, which is aiming at being recognised as Category I of the IUCN guidelines (Eastern part: Ia – strict nature reserve and Western part: Ib – wilderness area), is the sustainable protection of this region. However, as according to the said guidelines, human disturbance in the wilderness area must be minimised, yet educational opportunities (for Ia) and the well-being of visitors (for Ib) are part of the criteria for the mentioned categories, there could be potential conflicts between nature protection objectives and the activities resulting from an educational and recreational obligation (visitor management and guidance). As part of the LIFE project carried out for the establishment of the wilderness area, visitor surveys were made. They showed that the area around the Dürrenstein was mostly a regional recreation area. The number of visitors has remained widely the same in the last 50 years despite slight fluctuations. An increase in the level of popularity of the protected area, following the Category I recognition, could alter the situation. A possible consequence of a larger number of visitors would be the effect on habitats i.e. a disturbance of the wild animals living in the wilderness area. In particular hoofed game, red deer, deer and chamois but also rare birds such as capercaillie or black grouse could be affected. The result of increased disturbance is species extinction or in the case of hoofed game (forest)ecological damage, which cannot be tolerated in such a small wilderness area. In order to counteract the negative effects of a positive visitor development in the wilderness area, appropriate standards must be set for visitor management. For this, measures for visitor guidance should not only be applied inside the wilderness area, but also partly in its forefield. Only thus may the demands of nature protection on an effective visitor management be met. Therefore, basic – from the point of view of the protected area management, very moderate – principles were fixed for the wilderness area itself: • Visitor information on the protection objective • Monitoring of the development of the recreational use • Gentle guidance instead of orders (marked trails) • Discussion of arising utilisation conflicts with all parties concerned. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 438 |
Serial |
2282 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Petrova, E., |
|
|
Title |
Problems of Recreational Use of the World Natural Heritage Territories (Ubsunur Hollow Example) |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
397-401 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Six Russian territories are included already into UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Several more territories have to be included into the List in the near future. The Ubsunuur Hollow that is situated in the very center of Asia on a border between Russian Republic of Tyva and Mongolia will be among them. This place is probably the only one in the world where almost all the Earth nature zones (including the northernmost deserts and southernmost tundra) are met on a relatively small by size territory. Besides one can meet here the unique historical monuments – numerous burial-mounds and stone steles from 2–1 Millenniums B.C. The traditional nomad stockbreeding as well as ecological tourism can develop on this territory as main types of nature use. The tourists could visit the Reserve cluster plots where they could acquaint themselves with the popular traditions and enjoy the nature. Unlike the homelike European regions the nature of the Ubsunuur Hollow has been preserved for the present in practically untouched condition. The remoteness and hard accessibility of this territory don’t contribute to the mass tourist flows attraction. In the future it is planned to organize here the recreational use by small tourist groups that will observe the strict rules of behavior. Large hotels and other massive constructions of the tourist infrastructure won’t be built here. The tourists will move mainly by horses or by feet using the existing roads and paths and will live in tents and yurts. The definite flow of the financial sources will be possible together with the pure educational effect. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 536 |
Serial |
2331 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Ploner, A.; Brandenburg, C., |
|
|
Title |
Modelling the Dependency between Visitor Numbers and Meteorological Variables via Regression Trees |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
225-232 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
We propose using regression trees as a flexible and intuitive tool for modelling the relationship between weather conditions and day to day changes of the visitor load in outdoor recreation areas. Regression trees offer a number of advantages when compared e.g. to linear models, specifically by outlining different seasonal and meteorological scenarios. When applied to video monitoring data from the Lobau, an Austrian nature conservation area, good regression tree models for the total number of visitors and the counts for some visitor categories (bikers, hikers, swimmers) were found, while other categories could not be adequately represented (dog walkers, joggers). The regression trees indicate a strong relationship between weather and total visitor numbers, as well as weather and the number of bikes and swimmers, respectively. The relationship to weather was found to be only slight for hikers and dog walkers, and completely absent for joggers. In general, the use of derived meteorological quantities in form of thermic comfort indices for characterizing weather conditions results in better models than the use of directly observable meteorological quantities. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 480 |
Serial |
2303 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Prokic, S., |
|
|
Title |
Visitor Flows in National Parks and other Protected Areas of Serbia: Case Studies of Proper and Improper Practices |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
402-406 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The principles of management in the protected natural areas of Serbia are defined by the Environment Protection and National Parks Acts of the Republic of Serbia. Even though these laws were adopted by the Parliament as early as 1991 and 1993, respectively, their implementation is not performed in an equal manner in all the protected areas. According to these laws, the tourism in such areas is not primarily considered as an activity of economic/commercial character, but as one of the environmental principles. It is supposed to contribute to the protection and development of the national parks and nature reserves by promotion and presentation of the natural and cultural values. The role of such tourism in the environmental education of the general public is also of paramount importance. The Ministries of the Environment and Tourism of the Republic of Serbia have brought in 1998 the Action Plan for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Protected Natural Areas. On this basis, the Minstry of the Environment has also brought the Action Plan for Sustainable Management of Hunting Grounds and Game Fauna in the Protected Natural Areas. In addition to a brief survey of the above legislation, some case studies are presented of both positive and negative practice in performing the management of the protected natural areas in this respect. The case studies relate to the Nature Reserve „Begej – Carska Bara“ and the National Park „Kopaonik“ as the two extreme examples of the corresponding approaches. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 538 |
Serial |
2332 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Pröbstl, U., |
|
|
Title |
NATURA 2000 – The Influence of the European Directives on the Development of Nature-based Sport in Mountain Areas |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
353-358 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In the counties of the European Community the influence of European directives is increasing. Especially the directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (European Council Directive 92/43 EEC from 1992) and the directive on the conservation of wild birds (European Council directive 79/409 EEC from 1979) are expected to have an influence on the development of nature-based sport. Most of the sport organizations in Germany are expecting negative consequences for their future development concerning nature-based sport in mountain areas. Based on a study of the German sport association possible consequences are analyzed and discussed. This project gives guidelines for the application and interpretation of these directives, the practicable use and management. The study shows that concerning a possible deterioration three types of sport and recreational activities have to be differentiated. Further more sport events must be evaluated in the future. At least the role and task of the management plan for NATURA 2000 areas is discussed. The management plan helps to choose suitable measures, helps to solve conflicts and to rise the acceptance and transparency for the public. It is demonstrated that the consultation and participation of local people including members of sport and recreational organisations is necessary to reach the best result for the nature conservation and conservation of endangered habitats or species. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 520 |
Serial |
2323 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Rauhala, J.; Erkkonen, J.; Iisalo, H., |
|
|
Title |
Standardisation of Visitor Counting– Experiences from Finland |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
258-263 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In 2000 we started to test visitor counters for the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland, in the Teijo Hiking Area. At the same time we tested both an appropriate method for visitor counting and counting equipment. Encouraged by this experience, we started systematic visitor counting in nine southern national parks in 2001. Traditional everyman's rights (right of public access) guarantee all people – Finnish or otherwise – free access to Finland's forests, whether the forests be privately or publicly owned. This makes reliable visitor counting difficult, but at the same time extremely challenging. The main reason for visitor counting is the fact that the total number of visitors is not known well enough in protected and recreational areas. We also need to have comparable and reliable visitor information from different types of area and in the long run we need to know the trends as regards the number of visitors. Besides being very important for Metsahallitus itself, the reliable estimates we are able to produce are also of great regional significance. Visitors can be counted by electronic and mechanical counters of different kinds. We have four types of counter in use. Three electronic types can be used in trail and traffic counting and also indoors. In addition there is one mechanical type which can be used indoors, for example. At the moment the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland have about 40 counters in use. Each counter calculates visitors somewhat differently, depending on the installation of the counter, its placement and the quality of the counter. Also, different weather conditions may affect the counters. For these reasons, each counter must be calibrated independently, after which each counter has its own coefficient. After calibration one can calculate the counter’s final result. Thereafter it is possible to calculate the estimated total number of visitors in a specific area. Metsahallitus also carries out visitor counting in other parts of Finland, but not yet as systematically as in southern Finland. Naturally there is a connection between visitor surveys and visitor counting, as both qualitative and quantitative information is important in planning and management processes. This paper presents practical experiences of visitor counting from the Finnish perspective. The presentation deals with the process of planning visitor counting, the special equipment needed in counting and ways of transforming the figures from the calculators into estimates of the number of visits in a specific area. In addition, the results of a pilot study from the Teijo Hiking Area are presented as a case. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 490 |
Serial |
2308 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Roovers, P.; Hermy, M.; Gulinck, H., |
|
|
Title |
A Survey of Recreation Interests in Urban Forests, the Influence of Travel Distance |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
277-283 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The forest complex of Heverlee-Meerdaal, which consists of two forest parts, is located on a gradient from a rural region to an expanding urban area. By means of counts an interpretation on congestion and on spreading of visitors in time and space in the area was made. On the basis of these counts questionnaires were carried out in the forest throughout the whole year and among all activity groups. The questionnaires dealt with socio-demographical characteristics of the visitors, preferences and perceptions of the respective activity groups and their interpretation of the forest area concerning structure and infrastructure. According to this study, the geographical distribution of the visitors in the forest is highly determined by the position of the forest along a gradient relative to the conurbation. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 496 |
Serial |
2311 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Rudolphi, W.; Haider, W., |
|
|
Title |
Visitor Management and Ecological Integrity: One Example of an Integrated Management Approach Using Decision Analysis |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
143-149 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In this paper we argue in favor of using a decision analysis framework for more integrated decision-making when managing protected areas. Such an approach will enable agencies to balance between the frequently conflicting goals of visitor management and ecological integrity. We present a case study from the West Coast Trail in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, BC, Canada, in which we use ELECTRE and AHP to establish a ranking of several management options. We conclude by suggesting that such a more formal framework constitutes a more objective decision support tool, assists in framing relevant management questions and tradeoffs, and at the same time provides guidance for data collection. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 456 |
Serial |
2291 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Rundle, S., |
|
|
Title |
Monitoring Low Volume Walker Use of a Remote Mountain Range: a Case Study of the Arthur Range, Tasmania, Australia |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
53-58 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
Registration data are the major source of information about bushwalker (hiker, tramper, rambler) volumes and basic characteristics in the Arthur Range within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. This paper describes the problems encountered with the existing registration system and the simple and practical solutions adopted to address them. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 426 |
Serial |
2276 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Schneider, P.; Pröbstl, U.; Fürnrohr, G., |
|
|
Title |
Visitor Management and Ecological Monitoring in Austrian, Italian and Bavarian Skiing Resorts by Adapting the EU-Eco-Audit |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
359-363 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The problems in skiing resorts caused by winter sports and agriculture and summer touristic land use are well known. They mostly found upon sensitive ecological conditions, building measures, deficiencies in visitor management and an overlapping land use during summer. A new possibility to face and to decrease these problems will be presented within this article by the EU-Eco-Audit. Examples from Italy, Germany and Austria show starting points for valuation, deduction of objects for environmental development and suggestions for an environmental management system. A future-development should be influenced by an auditing process which is supported by the enterprise and to environmental concerns set up in business, what should be further developed. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 522 |
Serial |
2324 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Shalovenkov, N., |
|
|
Title |
Interaction of Land and Water Ecosystems in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
452-459 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The experience of monitoring and management of visitor flows is stored enough large for land ecosystems in recreational and protected areas. An estimation of influence of visiting flows and choice of optimum loadings for water ecosystems are connected to some difficulties. This difficulty is predetermined, first of all, by complexity of interaction of land and water ecosystems and by complexity of performance of monitoring of environment for such ecosystems. Interaction of water and land ecosystems we will consider on an example of the Dniester River Basin and coast of the Black Sea, which are popular recreational and protected areas. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 560 |
Serial |
2343 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Shapochkin, M.; Kiseleva, V., |
|
|
Title |
Monitoring of Recreation-Affected Forest Stands in the National Park Losiny Ostrov |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
59-64 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
The effect of recreation on the forests of National Park Losiny Ostrov located within the boundaries of Moscow is examined. The methods of monitoring of recreation-affected forest stands are represented, and the preliminary results of their application for the revealing of the most damaged forest areas are discussed. Some practical measures are suggested in order to redistribute visitor flows across the territory of the most visited part of the national park. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 428 |
Serial |
2277 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Simma, A.; Schlich, R.; Axhausen, K.W., |
|
|
Title |
Destination Choice Modelling of Leisure Trips: The Case of Switzerland |
Type |
|
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
150-158 |
|
|
Keywords |
MMV1 |
|
|
Abstract |
In this paper the destination choice of Swiss within Switzerland is analysed. Information about variables influencing destination choice for different activity should be the result of the modelling process. The analyses are based on three pillars. A detailed database for all Swiss municipalities is the first pillar, nation wide demand data the second pillar. Additionally a suitable method is necessary. Because destination choice is a choice between discrete alternatives, Multi-nominal Logit models are used. Models for three different activity types – skiing, climbing and hiking respectively walking and swimming are estimated. In all models the importance of the distance between origin and destination becomes visible. |
|
|
Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 458 |
Serial |
2292 |
|
Permanent link to this record |