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Author Wolf-Watz, D., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The outdoor recreation – environmentalism relationship Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 326-327  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 519 Serial 2963  
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Author Kun, Z.; Van Der Donk, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Pan Parks Sustainable Tourism Strategy as a Tool for Nature-Based Tourism Development in and around Protected Areas Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 228-229  
  Keywords MMV3, sustainable tourism, strategy, development, stakeholders, verification, PAN Parks, protected areas, communities  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 685 Serial 2466  
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Author Haukeland, J.V.; Stokke, K.B. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The participation of tourism and outdoor recreation interests in coastal national park management in Norway – a lack of integration Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 211-213  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The paper addresses the participation of outdoor recreation and tourism stakeholders in the management of two Norwegian coastal national parks. By means of individual interviews, we aim to reveal stakeholders’ roles and functions in the management systems of Ytre Hvaler and Færder national parks.  
  Call Number Serial 4109  
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Author Clivaz, C., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Pfyn-Finges Park (Valais/Switzerland): What Repercussions on the Regional Economy? Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 385-386  
  Keywords MMV3, Regional nature park, economic impacts, regional development, nature tourism, visitor behaviours  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 786 Serial 2516  
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Author Uzun, A.; Yesil, A.; Ozsul, Z., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The Planning of User Flows in Istanbul Groves for Sustainability in Natural Structure Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 290-295  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract The greenness of Istanbul Bosphorus, except its natural vegetation, is gathered in its parks, gardens and groves. The greenness of the Bosphorus identifies itself with the groves that also have great monumental value. Today, in Istanbul, there is a great number of groves that belongs to either governmental or private institutions. Recently, these groves have experienced increasing pressure from the great number of visitors and their potential use. The latest inventories indicate that existing use patterns of the natural resources of groves affect the trees and plant diversity negatively. Overuse of specific sites causes damage to vegetation especially for exotic plant species that are rarely found in Istanbul. This paper is aimed to describe progress on a system that enables optimal dispersion of use patterns and sustainable use of the groves for future protection. The “User Inventory for Istanbul Groves” was developed to include periodic user observation and user survey in order to maintain groves effectively. For this reason, the computer technology is used as an evaluation tool for examining the user survey results and physical data of the groves that concentrate especially on Yildiz Grove. For the purpose of the study, Yildiz Grove is divided into different zones based on the physical conditions and potential use patterns of the grove and a system is developed that depends on sensitivity for usage.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 500 Serial 2313  
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Author Taczanowska, K., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 404-407  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340 Serial 2378  
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Author Robles, N., Corbett, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The Program for Visitor Management at Monte Alban, Mexico: A Strategy for Managing Mass Tourism through Junior Volunteers Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 23-24  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract A common problem among those grand World Heritage Sites such as Angkor, TajMahal, Great Wall of China, or the Roman Coliseum is the unrelenting pressure of mass visitation, a continuing presence regardless of season or circumstance. Site managers and service providers know few respites and must plan their relationship with visitors as of constant demand. Most cultural and natural sites open to the public, however, experience periodic fluctuations in the flow of visitor traffic, i.e., across a year will have peak, moderate, and low seasons, often quite predictable because they coincide with calendars governing visitor mobility such as school calendars or public celebrations. In Latin America peak periods for domestic tourism frequently coincide with major flows of international tourist traffic, confronting sites with dramatic though predictable swings in the volume of visitors within a relatively short time.  
  Call Number Serial 3864  
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Author Colas, S.; Fitton, M.; Thaxter, P., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The progress project: the dynamics of involving the public in managing Peri-Urban Forests Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 165-168  
  Keywords MMV4  
  Abstract The EU Forest Action Plan gives special emphasis to the benefits of Urban and Peri-urban forests for public recreation and as an aid to public understanding of conservation issues. At the same time forest and green recreation is being promoted in national agendas because of perceived therapeutic benefits. This strong promotion of forest recreation has re-kindled the concerns that recreation use would damage the resource and have major detrimental impact on biodiversity. The PROGRESS project, which focussed on two peri-urban forests in England and France, offered the opportunity to review these issues.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 962 Serial 2602  
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Author More, T.A.; Manning, R.E., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Public Functions of Parks and Protected Areas Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 294-298  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Establishing and managing protected areas throughout the world usually have been considered a governmental function. However, recent conservative political thinking in many developed countries has challenged the role of the public sector on all fronts. In Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States, government has been seen as a problem, while private enterprise is presented as the solution. Advocates of privatization argue that park services can be provided more efficiently under private management, and that the areas themselves will be better protected for future generations. Unfortunately, such a policy can foster elitism by preserving the benefits of parks and protected areas for the wealthy while ignoring the growing social inequality in many of these countries. In this paper, I examine the concepts that underlie privatization efforts, particularly economic efficiency. I suggest that there is a need to examine the different functions that parks and protected areas serve, and to ask if each function helps to differentiate between public and private. I argue that, in the final analysis, equality of access is the primary function of public-sector management of parks and that we need to examine our policies and practices to ensure that park benefits are distributed fairly throughout society.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 306 Serial 2361  
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Author Hennig, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The recreation perspective. A recreationalists typology on visitors and their behaviour by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-187  
  Keywords MMV4, visitor characteristics, recreational behaviour, typologies, management, statistical analysis  
  Abstract To perform its tasks management needs information on visitors. They provide insight into the recreational situation of protected areas and support management decisions. Therefor, data on visitor use and visitation behaviour have to be analyzed and mapped. However, information on visitors should not be reduced on singular variables. It is important to combine these different characteristics and build up types of visitors respectively visitor behaviour. In favour of this the approach of recreation perspective is elaborated. The concept takes account of existing typologies on (nature-based) tourism and their attributes (e.g. size, age). Furthermore, visitor behaviour is integrated. Distinguished in macro and micro behaviour it is expressed by choice of activity, destination, type, location and duration of extended stops etc.. Considering these aspects visitors can be categorized into several types. The recreation perspective is worked out and applied to the German Berchtesgaden National Park.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 968 Serial 2605  
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Author Mayer, M., Woltering, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The recreational value of German national parks – consumer surplus analyzed with travel cost models Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 74-76  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract National parks (NLP) provide several ecosystem services like biodiversity and habitat protection, but also regulating and supporting services as well as cultural services like recreation and spiritual functions. Existing research about cultural ecosystem services of German NLP often focus on economic impact studies proving their role as major tourism attractions in rural areas (Job et al. 2016, Mayer & Job 2014, Woltering 2012). However, these studies only offer an incomplete view of the willingness to pay for recreation in NLP as they rely solely on the onsite expenditures of visitors while the travel and time costs to reach the parks are not considered. This paper presents the preliminary results for the recreational value of 14 out of 16 German NLP. The recreational value is determined using travel cost models (TCM). Although well established and criticized for years (Ward & Beal 2000), theseare its first applications to German NLP.  
  Call Number Serial 3882  
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Author Tempesta, T., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The recreational value of urban parks in the Veneto Region (Italy) Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 236-237  
  Keywords MMV5, urban parks, recreation, contingent valuation  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 182 Serial 2784  
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Author Yuan, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The relationship between stated choice for recreation experience preferences and revealed activity choice Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 115-116  
  Keywords MMV5, experience preference, activity participation, revealed choice, rural tourism  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 36 Serial 2729  
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Author McVetty, D.J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Road to a Strategic Typology of Visit Itineraries Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 338-339  
  Keywords MMV3, Transportation, latent class clustering, behaviour patterns, national parks  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 752 Serial 2499  
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Author Rupf, R., Karlen, B., Wyttenbach, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The rocky path – defining a trail and route network for a new national park: Case study Parc Adula, Switzerland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 148-151  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Switzerland has the oldest national park in Central Europe and in the Alps – the Swiss National Park in the Engadin Valley. Established in 1914 and with an area of 170 km2, the park is well known, and has strict but well accepted rules for visitors (Backhaus and Rupf, 2014). The Swiss National Park is not classified as a National Park, but as a Strict Nature Reserve category Ia (IUCN). It only consists of a core area without a buffer zone. In 2007 the legal basis for new protected areas in Switzerland including national parks (IUCN category II) was established. This was the beginning of several initiatives to launch new national park projects. One of them is Parc Adula (see Figure 1), situated in the south eastern part of Switzerland, with a total area of 1,250 km2 and a core zone of 145 km2 (12 %). Parc Adula is part of the territory of two different cantons and authorities (Grison and Ticino). In addition, Parc Adula is home to three different languages and cultures (Italian, Romansh and German), with about 16,000 residents in 17 communities. The land drops from the highest peak, Piz Adula, from 3,402 m to 349 m, and different biogeographical regions are therefore represented.  
  Call Number Serial 3905  
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Author Skov-Petersen, H., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The role of agent-based simulation in recreational management and planning Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 33-39  
  Keywords MMV4, Agent based models, ABM, simulation, recreational management and planning  
  Abstract It is expected that agent-based simulation models will be increasingly implemented during planning and management of visitor landscapes. This expectation is based on a) changes of recreation towards greater visitation levels and more complex settings in terms of stake-holder interests, recreational behavior types and a higher focus on protection of biodiversity, b) technological development of digital equipment, and c) a changing approach to nature planning and management to be more open, inviting and aimed at stake-holder and public participation. Based on these three lines of sight, the paper will discuss future trends in application of ABM’s in recreational management and planning.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 892 Serial 2568  
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Author Beunders, N., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The role of destination management in facing the challenges for protected area tourism development Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 71-71  
  Keywords MMV4, Innovative approach, visitor management, Pan Parks, sustainable tourism management  
  Abstract These are PAN Parks introduced a holistic approach to protected area management, integrating standards for conservation and management practices, visitor management, sustainable tourism strategies and partnerships. It has been field tested successfully in 10 protected areas. Simultaneously tourism in protected areas became the focus of a growing number of publications. Common ground can be identified in a predominance of strategic, process oriented approaches to tourism. Key issues: planning, visitor management, linkages with the tourism industry, community involvement. Results of the first decade: 1. A more structured and focused co-operation between PA and local stakeholders. Research shows positive results in awareness and co-operation 2. Multistakeholder approaches have proven to be effective in formulating tourism strategies 3. Tourism became an integrated part of protected area management, including a more pro-active, strategic approach. 4. The model works in diverse cultural, institutional and political contexts 4. PAN Parks has been a laboratory for sustainable tourism development for protected areas. Five main challenges can be identified: 1. Loading the brand: make value added of PAN Parks tangible for tourist. How can conservation benefits, distinctiveness and quality of the experience be guaranteed? 2. Identify success factors for development, marketing and management of competitive destinations 3. Consequently the brand lacks a decisive impact on the holiday decision making process. Economic stakeholder value is still limited 4. Leverage of local economic activities (synergy with other sectors) 5. Mind shift from process orientation (development) to focus on output (marketing, management). Suggestions for a research agenda for the next decade are listed here: Economic sustainability remains a concern for conservation based tourism development. Local stakeholders, regional economy and tour operators need healthy business perspectives. Eco-tourism markets are highly competitive. Distinctiveness and competitiveness of destinations require market oriented approaches. The positioning of protected areas as (part of) destinations requires research. Expertise must be developed for destination -development and -management. Innovative approaches for local supply chain development should strengthen the role of protected area tourism in regional development. Quality standards for destinations and local providers should be elaborated. Destination management could be the umbrella to integrating these fields of expertise. Probably a “paradigm shift” from sustainable tourism development approaches to a destination perspective is needed.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 912 Serial 2578  
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Author von Lindern, E., Hunziker, M., Frick, J., Bauer, N., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The role of ecological orientation for forest visitors’ visiting motives, environmental preferences and recreation behavior Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 330-331  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 521 Serial 2965  
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Author Tyrvainen, L.; Sepponen, A.; Lankia, T.; Neuvonen, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The role of outdoor recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on recreational behavior and attitudes towards nature in Finland Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 98-99  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The overall participation in outdoor recreation has been high and remained rather stable in 20 years time of outdoor recreation monitoring in Finland. A long-term trend also indicates slight increase in outdoor recreation visits among the Finnish adult population. Moreover, the importance of health and well-being benefits from nature have steadily increased and boosted at least partly by continued urbanization and adoption of modern lifestyles. These health supporting benefits are also more intentionally sought for among recreationists (Neuvonen et al. 2019, Tyrväinen et al. 2019). The outbreak of covid-19 pandemic changed globally dramatically everyday life routines and increased in many countries demand for recreation opportunities particularly in urban areas (e.g. Derks et al 2020). In Finland, there has not been any use restrictions of natural areas during the pandemic. The ongoing national inventory of outdoor recreation (2019-2021) gave a unique opportunity to study effects of pandemic of peoples outdoor recreation behavior on a national level. In order to understand the importance of green spaces in supporting peoples well-being during pandemic, we studied i) how pandemic affects peoples recreation behavior and experiences ii) which population groups rely on nature areas the most  and iii) what kind of impacts pandemic may have on attitudes and values of people towards nature and outdoor recreation.  
  Call Number Serial 4243  
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Author Erkkonen, J.; Kajala, L., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The role of recreation demand and supply information in monitoring outdoor recreation sustainability Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 139-143  
  Keywords MMV4, Database applications, nature tourism, outdoor recreation, sustainability, visitor monitoring  
  Abstract Metsähallitus bears major responsibility for the development of tourism in Finland’s state-owned protected and recreational areas. In order to further develop the existing potential for high-quality recreation and nature tourism in these areas, Metsähallitus is implementing a set of key measures for the development of sustainable nature tourism. The measures are applied through sustainable nature tourism management plans, which are implemented in all areas in which recreation and/or nature tourism exists to a significant degree. An essential aspect of the drafting process of the sustainable nature tourism management plans is the setting of standards, i.e. limits, of acceptable change for selected sustainable recreation and nature tourism criteria by means of participatory planning. Metsähallitus started out with an extensive range of applicable criteria. On the basis of experiences gained from pilot projects and a targeted evaluation and selection process, the number of criteria was subsequently significantly narrowed down to a set of around 20 key criteria. This was found to be a manageable and effective number once the most essential variables had been selected and their measurement standardised. For information management, Metsähallitus uses database applications for the demand and supply data, which can be used to produce reports on current figures and trends, ranging in scale from individual areas to regions and to the national level. This paper describes the development process of the approach and methods applied by Metsähallitus in monitoring the sustainability of outdoor recreation and nature tourism in Finland. In addition, a case study example from Pyhä-Luosto National Park is used to illustrate the system at the park level.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 950 Serial 2596  
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Author Wirth, V.; Pröbstl, U.; Haider, W., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The role of sport activities in Alpine summer tourism Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 94-98  
  Keywords MMV4, Alps, destination choice, discrete choice experiment, sport activities, summer tourism  
  Abstract Throughout the Alps, natural integrity, outstanding landscape beauty, and the opportunity to pursue various sport activities are key elements of the tourism product, and influence the choice of destinations. This paper focuses on the role of sports activities in the choice of Alpine destinations. The data were collected from a representative random sample of German tourists. The core element of the survey is a stated choice survey in which respondents had to make repeated choices between two hypothetical alpine destinations which were disguised as web sites with changing characteristics and landscape features. The results of the discrete choice experiment show that the sport activities contribute significantly to the destination choice, and that the respondents are rather heterogeneous, leading to the identification of different segments in a latent class segmentation. The largest segment is comprised of the social and activity oriented tourists (55%), followed by nature and alpine oriented tourists (31%), and finally by tourists interested predominantly in relaxing (14%). Their divergent preferences and expectations will be described below. The importance of this research is that these segments have been identified directly from the choice responses, instead of from some attitudinal or motivational set of questions. The findings indicate that sport activities play an important role in the destination choice for alpine summer holidays, but their significance differs between segments. For marketing and management purposes these results highlight that the target groups and related marketing campaigns must be adapted to new trends and societal changes. To attract and enlarge the less active tourism segment the Alps should be positioned as silent place where relaxing in a healthy environment and outstanding landscape is possible.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 928 Serial 2586  
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Author Buchecker, M., Degenhardt, B., Kienast, F., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The role of the cultural background for nearby outdoor recreation behavior Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 250-251  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 485 Serial 2929  
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Author Tao, C., Wu, C., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The roles of hardening and separating sites and planting areas in enhancing the carrying capacity in neighborhood parks Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 232-233  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 477 Serial 2921  
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Author Haider, W.; Riley, J.; Mostegl, N., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Sea-to-Sky playground: individual outdoor recreation and commercial recreation on public land in winter Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 277-277  
  Keywords MMV4, Outdoor recreation, winter recreation, landuse  
  Abstract The so-called “Sea-to-Sky Corridor” in British Columbia, Canada, spreads from Vancouver via Squamish beyond Whistler. Its superb scenery nestled between ocean and glaciers attracts residents of Vancouver and international visitors alike. Most of the area is public land, and a major regional landuse plan is just about to be completed. While forestry has been the main traditional use, now summer and winter recreation feature very prominently in these plans. The plans separate much of the motorized and non-motorized activities, but other potential conflicts such as between commercial recreation and independent outdoor recreationists have been addressed to a lesser extent. In order to obtain some insights into the number of visitors and describe some of their characteristics, we undertook an intensive user count at the main staging areas, combined with a short intercept survey about the types of activities pursued, distances travelled, specific locations and expenditures. In the presentation I will elaborate on the method used for estimating site specific and regional user numbers, associated expenditures, and perceived and actual conflict. The presentation will compare motorized and nonmotorized users, as well as clients of commercial operations and independent travelers, and link these findings to the already existing zoning for the region. The presentation will conclude with identifying remaining shortcomings of information for future landuse decisions in light of expected future use increases, as both the demand from the metropolitan Vancouver as well as from the resort community of Whistler will continue to grow  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1012 Serial 2627  
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Author Oian, H.; Ericsson, B.; Selvaag, S.; Breiby, M.; Lerfald, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The second home industry in Norway – management and sustainability Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 162-163  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Norway, like the other Nordic countries, has long holiday-cabin traditions (see e.g. Müller, 2007). Until a few decades ago cabins were built scattered throughout large mountainous areas and were mostly without electricity, water supply, and car road connection. Since the 80s, urbanization, growing average income, increased mobility, flexible working hours, and digitalization have caused an increasing demand for second homes with a standard that roughly equals first homes. This has changed both the landscapes and the ways in which people are using their second homes. The increase in the number of second homes should also be seen in the context of the continuous depopulation of Norways mountain municipalities. The growing tourism industry is often viewed as the lifeline in these communities. This has contributed significantly to the boom in second home industry, especially in areas easily accessible from the metropolitan areas. While offering economic advantages for landowners and developers, local businesses, and municipalities, the second home industry encounters several sustainability challenges, which has resulted in resentments and conflicts among several kinds of stakeholders (Overvåg & Berg, 2011).  
  Call Number Serial 4273  
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Author Farstad, E.; Haukeland, J. V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The sharing economy in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism in Innlandet County, Norway Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 404-405  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The sharing economy (SE) refers to an economic model defined as a peer-to-peer based activity of acquiring, providing, or sharing access to goods and services that is often facilitated by a commu-nity-based on-line platform (Ranjbari et al., 2018). SE is growing rapidly, and it is assumed that both new business models and new products based on digital sharing platforms can provide more efficient resource use through increased competition and innovation (NOU 2017:4). Thus, the paper addresses the future role and poten-tials of SE in the context of outdoor recreation and nature-based regional tourism in Innlandet County, Norway. SE research has so far been mainly concentrated within urban contexts, whereas there is a shortage of apposite studies connected to sparsely populated regions in gen-eral and to outdoor recreation/ nature-based tourism in particular. Opportunities of the SE in rural areas lie in e.g., provision of shared mobili-ty, accommodations, food, specialized tools and equipment, and personal services such as guiding, courses, and other skilled human resources; needed for recreational stays and activities in nature areas; and availing prosumtion of nature-based assets. SE can be particularly viable in na-ture areas where such resources may be scarce, or where traditional commercial establishment may not be sustainable.  
  Call Number Serial 4378  
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Author Cole, D.N., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The significance of recreation impacts: The importance of scale Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 53-53  
  Keywords MMV4, Recreation ecology, special scale, ecological impact  
  Abstract Recreation managers often consider the ecological impacts of recreation to be serious problems that need to be mitigated. Conversely, protected area ecologists often consider such impacts to be trivial. Such differences of opinion result from applying divergent evaluative criteria to assessing the significance of recreation impacts. It reflects lack of attention to questions of significance and, in particular, inadequate exploration of scale issues in recreation ecology. Impacts might be considered significant if they represent a substantial loss of ecological integrity or if they are perceived by recreation users to be highly disagreeable. Although not mutually exclusive, impacts on ecological integrity and human perception provide different criteria for evaluating significance. Cole and Landres [1] propose that the ecological significance of an impact is a function of both impact and attribute characteristics. Significance increases with the areal extent, intensity and longevity of the impact and with the rarity and irreplaceability of the impacted attribute. To be significant, from the perspective of human perception, the impacts have to be noticeable. In addition, the most disagreeable impacts are one’s that result from what is considered inappropriate behavior. Given these relevant criteria, this paper explores research that can help in assessing the significance of ecological impacts and suggests which impacts are likely to be most critically important. In particular, the paper reviews what is known about the spatial scale of impacts, since this is relevant to assessing both the areal extent of impacts and how noticeable impacts are. The impacts that are most significant perceptually are often quite different from the impacts that are ecologically most significant.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 898 Serial 2571  
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Author Kuentzel,W.F.; Daigle, J.J.; Utley, L.; Chase, L.C.; Brown, T.L. pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The social amplification of landowner liability risk in the U.S. Northern Forest Type
  Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 102-103  
  Keywords MMV7  
  Abstract  
  Call Number Serial 3068  
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Author Wachowicz, M.; Orellana, D.; Renso, C.; Muñoz Moraga, E.; Parada, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The spatial knowledge representation of players movement in mobile outdoor gaming Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 456-460  
  Keywords MMV4, Recreation planning, mobile outdoor gaming, spatial knowlegde representation, ontology  
  Abstract This paper describes an innovative approach for developing a spatial knowledge representation based on the existence of multi tier spaces as a mental construction of human movement. The three “spaces” paradigm has been proposed to support the reasoning process in terms of sensing, symbolic, and social spaces. The spatial knowledge representation was implemented as a computational ontology in Protégé, and it has been applied to provide new insight about the actual behavioural patterns of players within a recreation site, accordingly to checkpoints and similar players´ interactions. This first experiment consisted of an educational game in Amsterdam using mobile phones and GPS-technology for 200 students having the age of 12-14. The results demonstrate that different types of inferences play a different role accordingly to what a recreational planner needs to infer, that is, the location of interactions among players and the environment.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1080 Serial 2661  
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Author Margaryan, L.; Fredman, P. pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The supply of nature-based tourism in Sweden. A national inventory of service providers Type
  Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 33-34  
  Keywords MMV7  
  Abstract  
  Call Number Serial 3082  
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Author Jaarsma, R.; De Vries, J.; Beunen, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The surplus-value of a long-standing monitoring program for visitor management in the Meijendel Dunes, a recreation and protected nature area Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 285-287  
  Keywords MMV5, Traffic management, Long-term visitation, Leisure, Parking, Cycling  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 212 Serial 2804  
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Author Takayama, N., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The therapeutic effect of taking in the atmosphere of a forest Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 516-520  
  Keywords MMV4, Profile of mood states, Semantic differential method, Taking in the atmosphere of the forest (Sinrin-yoku), Therapeutic effect  
  Abstract The concept of “Taking in the atmosphere of a Forest” (shinrin-yoku, in Japanese) was proposed in 1982 by the Japanese Forestry Agency to help people to relax and revitalize their body and soul (therapeutic effect). Previously, the therapeutic effect had been based on only empirical evidence. However, thanks to the rapid improvement of measurement technology and equipment, the government has been scientifically examining the therapeutic effect of forests and using the resulting data for the benefit of the public. The effect is thought to differ depending on the kinds of trees, the spatial structure and the specific atmosphere of the forest environment. Therefore, we decided to study the therapeutic effect of two old-growth forests. As a control, we selected a wellmaintained artificial forest. We measured and compared the therapeutic effect on the subjects, paying attention to 1) their impression of the forest space and 2) how their feeling changed after walking through each forest. Consequently, we found that subjects considered the old-growth forests with huge trees as more sacred, more comfortable, more serene and more natural than the control forest. Moreover, in the control forest there was no difference in any of the indicators used in the survey, while in the old-growth forests the therapeutic effect was confirmed by several indicators.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1116 Serial 2679  
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Author Elands, B.; Lengkeek, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The tourist experience of out-there-ness: theory and practice Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 85-86  
  Keywords MMV5, tourist experience, out-there-ness, typology, empirical research  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 58 Serial 2716  
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Author Wirth, V.; Sterl, P.; Pröbstl, U., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The Tourists’ View on Protected Areas Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 273-274  
  Keywords MMV3, Protected areas, tourism, Natura 2000, Alps, destination choice, marketing  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 712 Serial 2479  
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Author Ólafsdóttir, R., Rut, K., Runnström, M., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The Use of GIS in Sustainable Tourism Planning – a case study from Katla Geopark, Iceland Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 354-355  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 532 Serial 2976  
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Author Pouwels, R., van-der-Grift, E., Dirksen, J., Ottburg, F., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The use of wildlife overpasses for outdoor recreation Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 106-107  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 420 Serial 2864  
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Author Boman, M., Ezebilo, E., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) The value of nature close to home for outdoor recreation in Sweden Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 342-343  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 526 Serial 2970  
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Author Haider, W.; Beardmore, B.; Hunt, L., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The view from a canoe: the complexity of route choice behaviour captured in a stated choice survey Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 109-111  
  Keywords MMV5, canoeing, stated choice survey, scenic beauty estimation, campsite choice  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 40 Serial 2727  
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Author Lukac, G., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) The Visitor Flows and the Bird Communities in the Paklenica National Park, Croatia (between 1997-2001) Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 78-83  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract The paper shows the visitor flow in the Great Paklenica canyon, the most visited part of Paklenica National Park. This area is the greatest climbing center in Croatia. About 500-800 visitors reside on average in this area daily from mid-April to the end of October. The maximum number of visitors, 90.000, was reached in 2001. Up until now we have noted more than 200 bird species the National Park area, and between 1997 and 2001 we have recorded 56 species breed in the Velika Paklenica canyon. This most visited canyon, is known as the breedding area of 18 rocky bird species, such as as Peregrine Falcon, Short–toed Eagle, Kestrel, Rock Partridge, Eagle owl, Rock Dove, Alpine swift, Raven, Rock Nuthach, Blue Rock Thrush, Rock Thrush, Crag Martin, House Martin, Red-rumped Swallow, Black Redstart, Black-eared Wheatear. One pair of Golden Eagles moved to an inaccessible area of the Mala Paklenica canyon. The small colonies of Griffon Vultures have ceased to exist in the National Park. The Egyptian Vulture have disappeared from Croatia at the end of the 1980-ties. This paper discusses the influences of visitor flows, climbing and other recreational activites on the breeding bird communities.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 436 Serial 2281  
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Author Pröglhöf, R.; Muhar, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) The visitors’ perspective of visitor monitoring: results from two recreational areas in Eastern Austria Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 294-295  
  Keywords MMV5, visitor monitoring, acceptance, visitor survey  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 204 Serial 2807  
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