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Author Puustinen, J.; Pouta, E.; Neuvonen, M.; Sievänen, T.,
Title National Park Characteristics, Regional Setting and Visitor Flows Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 78-79
Keywords MMV3, Recreation, national parks, visitor flows, regression analysis, classification
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 604 Serial (up) 2426
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Author Vistad, O.I.,
Title Visitor Monitoring in Norwegian National Parks? If so: How Will it Find a Position in the Present Situation with Low Funding, Biological Hegemony, Expanding User Interests and Indistinct Management Priorities? Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 80-81
Keywords MMV3, Social monitoring, ecological monitoring, national park management, tourism, rural development
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 606 Serial (up) 2427
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Author Buckley, R.; Pickering, C.; Castley, G.; Growcock, A.,
Title Recent Recreation Ecology Research in Australia Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 84-88
Keywords MMV3, Recreation, ecology, Australia, impacts
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 608 Serial (up) 2428
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Author Cole, D.N.,
Title Recreation Ecology: Learning from the Past Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 89-90
Keywords MMV3, Recreation ecology, visitor impacts
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 610 Serial (up) 2429
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Author Leung, Y.-F.,
Title Recreation Ecology in East Asia: Redefining Impacts? Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 91-92
Keywords MMV3, Recreation ecology, visitor impacts, impact monitoring, impact management, trampling, trails, recreation sites, protected areas, East Asia
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 612 Serial (up) 2430
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Author Marion, J.L.,
Title Recreation Ecology Research in the Americas Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 93-97
Keywords MMV3, Recreation ecology, visitor impacts
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 614 Serial (up) 2431
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Author Monz, C.,
Title Recreation Ecology and Visitor Impact Research: Past, Present and Future Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 98-99
Keywords MMV3, Recreation ecology, visitor impacts
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 616 Serial (up) 2432
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Author Barros, M.I.A.; Magro, T.C.,
Title Visitors to the Highlands of Itatiaia National Park, Brazil, and their Perceptions of Visitor Impacts Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 102-106
Keywords MMV3, Visitor characteristics, recreation impact, visitor’s perceptions, Brazilian National Parks
Abstract The goal of this research was to characterize the visit and visitors to the highlands of Itatiaia National Park (PNI), located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and, based on that information, to explore the guidelines of a visitor education program designed to encompass minimum impact techniques that would help minimize management problems. A questionnaire was applied to 605 people from February to August 2002 in order to collect information about visits and visitors. Among the information collected were group size, activities carried out by visitors, duration of visit, and educational level of visitors, their previous experience and perceptions of the impacts caused by visitors.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 618 Serial (up) 2433
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Author Growcock, A.J.; Pickering, C.M.; Johnston, S.W.,
Title Trampling after Landscape Level Disturbance: Impacts on Subalpine Vegetation and Soils in the Australian Alps Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 107-108
Keywords MMV3, Trampling, subalpine, bushfires, recovery, visitation, protected areas, sustainability, Australia
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 620 Serial (up) 2434
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Author Murai, M.; Hirobayashi, T.; Yamanaka, R.; Inoue, Y.,
Title A Prediction of a Human Action on Seashell-Digging at a Seaside Park Based on a Multi-Agent Simulation Model Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 109-111
Keywords MMV3, Seashell-digging, seaside-park, multi-agent-model, human action, human impact
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 622 Serial (up) 2435
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Author Siikamäki, P.; Törn, A.; Tolvanen, A.,
Title Environmental Impacts of Recreational Horse Riding in Protected Areas Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 112-114
Keywords MMV3, Introduced species, erosion, disturbance, horse manure, recreational horse riding, soil, vegetation, visitor impact
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 624 Serial (up) 2436
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.,
Title Genesis of Trails in Nature: Monitoring of Visitors’ Effect on Nature Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 115-116
Keywords MMV3, Trampling, trails, nature regeneration, mountain bikes, running, walking, vegetation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 626 Serial (up) 2437
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Author Talora, D.C.; Magro, T.C.; Schilling, A.C.,
Title Trampling Impacts on Coastal Sand Dune Vegetation in Southeastern Brazil Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 117-122
Keywords MMV3, Trampling impacts on vegetation, recreation ecology, protected areas, coastal sand dunes
Abstract Experimental trampling was conducted in a coastal sand dune community located in a State Park in Southeastern, Brazil. To evaluate the effects it was used 5 permanent plots. The trampling intensities were 25, 75, 200, 500 and 1,000 passes and each plot had a control area. Response to trampling was assessed by determining species composition, vegetation cover and height evaluation, right after trampling, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after trampling. The same parameters were evaluated just before trampling. Although there was a substantial loss of vegetation cover on 500 and 1,000 treatment plots, the study area was recovered in a few months. Reductions in height occurred with less impact: 200 passes. The 500 and 1,000 pass interference didn’t show statistical difference for cover and 200, 500 or 1,000 passes were statistically similar for the community, suggesting weak linearity between impact and amount of use. The results show that this community has a good resilience; probably in response to the natural stress the vegetation suffers continuously. The vegetation’s changes in species composition seem to be more accurate; especially the extinction of rare species and the introduction of alien ones.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 628 Serial (up) 2438
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Author Bay-Larsen, I.; Bjøru, R.; Eilertsen, S.M.; Fedreheim, G.E.,
Title Integrated Conservation Processes – A Tool for Reducing Conflicts in Area Conservation Processes Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 124-128
Keywords MMV3, Integrated conservation process, use – protection conflicts, use – use conflicts, stakeholders, business development local participation
Abstract Experimental trampling was conducted in a coastal sand dune community located in a State Park in Southeastern, Brazil. To evaluate the effects it was used 5 permanent plots. The trampling intensities were 25, 75, 200, 500 and 1,000 passes and each plot had a control area. Response to trampling was assessed by determining species composition, vegetation cover and height evaluation, right after trampling, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year after trampling. The same parameters were evaluated just before trampling. Although there was a substantial loss of vegetation cover on 500 and 1,000 treatment plots, the study area was recovered in a few months. Reductions in height occurred with less impact: 200 passes. The 500 and 1,000 pass interference didn’t show statistical difference for cover and 200, 500 or 1,000 passes were statistically similar for the community, suggesting weak linearity between impact and amount of use. The results show that this community has a good resilience; probably in response to the natural stress the vegetation suffers continuously. The vegetation’s changes in species composition seem to be more accurate; especially the extinction of rare species and the introduction of alien ones.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 630 Serial (up) 2439
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Author Beunders, N.M.A.,
Title Visitor Management and Destination Management as Tools for Sustainable Regional Development Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 129-134
Keywords MMV3, Visitor management, local community, sustainable regional development, sustainable tourism development, destination management, supply chains, biodiversity, conservation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 632 Serial (up) 2440
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Author Cottrell, S.P.; Raadik, J.,
Title Socio-Cultural Benefits of Pan Parks: Case Study at Bieszscady National Park, Poland Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 135-136
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable development, dimensions, prism of sustainability, protected areas, PAN Parks
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 634 Serial (up) 2441
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Author Carabias-Hütter, V.; Kümin, D.; Siegrist, D.,
Title Fostering Sustainable Regional Development with Indicator Based Certification Procedures Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 137-139
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable regional development, indicators, certification procedure, Label region, check lists, Swiss Regional Dashboard
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 636 Serial (up) 2442
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Author Job, H.; Metzler, D.; Woltering, M.,
Title Large Scale Protected Areas + Tourism = Regional Development? Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 140-144
Keywords MMV3, Large Scale Protected Areas, regional economic impacts, value-added analysis
Abstract The results of this research clearly indicate that tourism in Large Scale Protected Areas can generate considerable benefits for the regional economy, especially in peripheral and structurally disadvantaged regions. For instance, in Mueritz National Park it is estimated that guests whose key motivation for visiting was the brand ‘National Park’ (a share of nearly 44% of all 390 000 visitors in 2004) created the equivalent of 261 full time job equivalents. In Berchtesgaden National Park only about 10% of 1.13 million visitors in 2002 have been attracted by the Protected Area brand, generating about 206 jobs. In the regions of Hoher Flaeming and Altmuehltal 211 respectively 483 jobs were created by Nature Park related tourism. But in the latter cases these impacts are largely not ascribable to the status as a Protected Area. As indicated by this research, more importance should be attached to the issue of tourism in Large Scale Protected Areas. Financial benefits of tourism in National Parks and Nature Parks may contribute to increasing acceptance of nature conservation. Therefore decision-making processes in nature protection and regional tourism policy need to more fully incorporate aspects of durable economic development. Therefore decision-making processes concerning nature protection and tourism policy need to more fully incorporate the concept of sustainability, whether with regard to nature- based and ecotourism in Protected Areas in general, or with specific regard to Nature Parks and conservation as well as development of cultural landscapes therein.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 639 Serial (up) 2443
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Author Lintzmeyer, F.; Siegrist, D.; Hass, S.,
Title Key Success Factors for Nature-Based Tourism in Protected Areas of the Alps Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 145-146
Keywords MMV3, Protected areas, park management, nature-based tourism, Delphi survey, Alpine Convention
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 641 Serial (up) 2444
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Author Mignotte, A.,
Title Walking towards Concerted Management of Hiking-Path Networks: A Well Engaged but Tricky Challenge for French Alpine Protected Areas Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 147-148
Keywords MMV3, Hiking paths, mountain protected areas, management, co-operation, stakeholders
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 643 Serial (up) 2445
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Author Mose, I.; Weixlbaumer, N.,
Title Protected Areas as a Tool for Regional Development? Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 149-154
Keywords MMV3, Protected areas, paradigm shift, integrated nature conservation, regional development
Abstract The last decades have witnessed significant changes in protected area policies in Europe as well as throughout the world. As a result, the total area set aside has more than quadrupled, and today almost 14 percent of the world‘s ecosystems are protected compared with only about 3 percent in 1970. In Europe, first and foremost, large protected areas with an integrative character gain importance increasingly. Based against this background, this paper on the one hand deals with the multifunctionality of post modern large protected areas as well as with the paradigm shift in protected area policies in Europe. On the other hand this paper analyses the advancement and future perspectives of these policies, and reflects upon the current use of protected areas as tools for a sustainable regional development.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 645 Serial (up) 2446
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Author Voth, A.,
Title Overcoming National Park Conflicts by Regional Development: Experiences from the Doñana Area in Southern Spain Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 155-160
Keywords MMV3, Land use conflicts, regional development, Doñana National Park, Spain
Abstract The number of protected areas in Spain has increased considerably in the last two decades. The country’s membership in the European Union favoured an important economic growth and social change and was also fundamental for the evolution of environmental policies and the exchange of management concepts for protected areas. The intensive use of natural resources was followed by a growing awareness of land use conflicts and the necessity of nature conservation. The area around the National Park of Doñana in Andalusia, presented in this contribution, is an outstanding example of a long history of competing land use interests and recent efforts to overcome conflicts introducing new concepts of regional development based on the principals of sustainability and participation. A regional label highlights the national park image to stimulate environmental sensibility and marketing. The local population increasingly perceives a new consciousness of their common problems, opportunities and responsibility.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 647 Serial (up) 2447
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Author Gertsch, F.; Jager, E.,
Title Parks Canada’s Framework for Recreational Activities Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 163-164
Keywords MMV3, Recreational activities, assessment, national parks, integration, involvement
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 649 Serial (up) 2448
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Author Lipton, D.,
Title Healthy Parks for People Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 165-166
Keywords MMV3, National parks, visitor experience, health, sustainability, community involvement
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 651 Serial (up) 2449
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Author Sheedy, C.,
Title Memorable Visitor Experiences Lead to Relevance and Sustainibility Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 167-169
Keywords MMV3, Relevance, visitor experience, national parks, connection, sense of place
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 653 Serial (up) 2450
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Author Whittingham, S.,
Title Integration – Resource Protection and Memorable Visitor Experiences in the Lake Louise Community of Banff National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 170-171
Keywords MMV3, Integration, protection, visitor experience, management plan, community plan
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 655 Serial (up) 2451
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Author O’Connor Gotra, S.H.; Boyle, K.E.,
Title Sustainable Trail Management, Definitions and a Management Model Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 173-178
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable Trail Management, Indicators, Integrated Planning Frameworks, Local Community Participation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 657 Serial (up) 2452
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Author Chuo, H.-Y.,
Title The Adoption of Social Carrying Capacity for the Management of Theme Park Settings Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 179-182
Keywords MMV3, Crowding norms, theme parks, Taiwan
Abstract In order to manage the quality of visitor experience, social carrying capacity has been prevailingly applied to the planning of contemporary parks and natural environments. The common underlying logic of the applications is that carrying capacity can be determined through the identification of management objectives and associated indicators and standards of quality. Indicators can be monitored over time and carrying capacity is reached once standards have been reached. In this study, visitors’ “reported queuing time” for using their favorite facilities in theme parks was adopted as the indicator. Accordingly, visitors’ crowding norms, the queuing-norm-crowding relationship, and the applicability of social carrying capacity to the management of theme park settings were analyzed and discussed respectively.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 659 Serial (up) 2453
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Author Emphandhu, D.; Yemin, T.; Pattanakiat, S.; Tantasirin, C.; Ruschano, R.; Chettamart, S.; Nasa, M.,
Title Recreation Carrying Capacity Analysis at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park, Thailand Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-190
Keywords MMV3, Recreation carrying capacity (RCC), impact, national park, Thailand
Abstract The objective of this research was to determine recreation capacity at Khao Leam Ya – Mu Ko Samed National Park (LY-KS NP). The study investigated the existing capacity of recreation resources by analyzing four capacity types: ecological (ECC), physical (PCC), facility (FCC), and social (SCC). This paper presented the findings on 3 main islands: Ko Samed, Ko Kudee, Ko Talu, and some snorkeling sites. The results found the ECC, PCC, and FCC exceeded at Ko Samed. At Ko Kudee, found the exceeded PCC while at Ko Talu found the exceeded PCC and FCC. One snorkeling site found FCC exceeded. The maximum carrying capacity at Ko Samed and Ko Kodee was 4,100 and 168 people per night respectively. Most ecological carrying capacities, however, have not yet determined since long term monitoring is needed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 661 Serial (up) 2454
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Author Hausser, Y.; Travis, T.; Finger-Stich, A.,
Title Beyond Carrying Capacity in Recreation Management: In Search of Alternatives Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 191-192
Keywords MMV3, Camping capacity, concept, management tools, ecology
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 663 Serial (up) 2455
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Author Itami, R.M.,
Title Level of Sustainable Activity: Moving Visitor Simulation from Description to Management Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 193-195
Keywords MMV3, River traffic simulation, river traffic management, level of sustainable activity, RBSim, pattern of use simulation
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 665 Serial (up) 2456
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Author Kobayashi, A.; Aikoh, T.; Yamaki, K.,
Title A Study on Procedures to Establish Standards Concerning Trail Management in Sub-Alpine Zones of Protected Areas Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 196-197
Keywords MMV3, Trail, management, procedure, protected area, sub-alpine, Japan, ecological, visual, Daisetsuzan
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 667 Serial (up) 2457
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Author Newman, P.; Manning, R.E.; Pilcher, E.; Trevino, K.; Savidge, M.,
Title Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 1- Indicators of Quality Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 198-200
Keywords MMV3, Natural sounds, perceptions, national parks, visitor experience
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 669 Serial (up) 2458
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Author Manning, R.E.; Newman, P.; Pilcher, E.; Hallo, J.; Valliere, W.; Savidge, M.; Dugan, D.,
Title Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 2 – Standards of Quality Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 201-202
Keywords MMV3, Soundscapes, standards of quality, norms, park management, national parks
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 671 Serial (up) 2459
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Author Lawson, S.R.; Plotkin, K.,
Title Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 3 – Computer Simulation Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 203-204
Keywords MMV3, Soundscapes, computer simulation, monitoring, park management, national parks
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 673 Serial (up) 2460
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Author Kanoje, R.S.,
Title Managing Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Van Vihar National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 205-210
Keywords MMV3, Sustainable eco-tourism, tourism carrying capacity, physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, effective carrying capacity, management capacity
Abstract Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 675 Serial (up) 2461
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Author Sayan, S.; Ortaçesme, V.,
Title Recreational Carrying Capacity Assessment in a Turkish National Park Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 211-216
Keywords MMV3, Recreational carrying capacity, social carrying capacity, Termessos National Park, Antalya, Turkey, protected areas
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 677 Serial (up) 2462
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Author Drexler, D.; Bihunová, M.; Mariotti, B.,
Title Comparison of Forest Recreation and Nature Tourism in Hungary, Italy and Slovakia Based on the First Outputs of the COST E33 Action Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 219-222
Keywords MMV3, COST E33, forest recreation, nature tourism, regional comparison
Abstract Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 679 Serial (up) 2463
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Author Gokhelashvili, R.; Azniashvili, L.,
Title Birdwatching and Protected Areas of Georgia Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 223-225
Keywords MMV3, Georgia, birdwatching, protected areas, assessment, nature resources management
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 681 Serial (up) 2464
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Author Kretschmer, H.,
Title Nature-Based Activities on Urban – Green Requirements of Nature-Based Activities in an Urban Environment Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 226-227
Keywords MMV3, Sport, nature sports, urban green, visitor employed photography
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 683 Serial (up) 2465
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