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Author Shoji, Y.; Yamaki, K.,
Title Visitor Perceptions of the Inscription on the World Heritage List: The Use of Stated Choice Methods Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 305-310
Keywords MMV2
Abstract This study examines how visitors to Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan perceive its inscription on the World Heritage List by applying stated choice methods. Most visitors regarded the inscription as favourable although their willingness to pay indicated that better visitor control and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking opportunity of the inscription. However, the current situation of World Heritage sites in Japan indicates that the domestic management system of natural resources is inadequate to realize these visitor visions. We conclude that the nomination of Daisetsuzan National Park for the World Heritage List should be reconsidered, but only after the Japanese management system for natural resources has been improved.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 310 Serial (down) 2363
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Author Pflüger, Y.,
Title Value based decision making process for strategic visitor management in the Natura 2000 area Lech River Valley, Tyrol Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 299-304
Keywords MMV2
Abstract The Lech valley with the river Lech and its tributaries is an alpine river valley in Austria with a considerable amount of naturally free flowing stretches. The ecological and scientific significance of the Natura 2000 area lies in its high biodiversity and the occurrence of numerous internationally endangered species within the dynamic braided river stretches. Apart from that the area contains a high number of recreational and educational values as well. The area, which is situated within day travel distance of the cities Innsbruck and Munich, is renowned for its biking and hiking trails and its unique water sport opportunities. Nevertheless, most intense impact occurs from the daily use of the local population in the densely populated Lech valley area nearby. Due to its long and narrow shape the protected area is very vulnerable to impacts and therefore, to avoid negative impacts on natural values from recreational use, not only a management plan, but also a visitor strategy has been developed as part of an extensive European Union LIFE funded project. The decision making process for the establishment of the visitor management concept was based on a GIS supported risk analysis: First current ecological and recreational values have been located and assessed. Subsequently hotspots have been defined in areas, where those contrasting values overlay. These hotspots were defined in areas of high ecological vulnerability and high visitor impact from intense recreational use. This hotspot analysis served as a basis for discussion and co-operation with the local population and stakeholders to agree on management solutions. As a result specific management actions were defined and the allocation of visitor infrastructure was planned accordingly. As a response to the need for more detailed information about recreational uses and users a visitor monitoring concept was included in the visitor strategy as well. This paper describes practical planning policies to highlight the need for strategic planning of recreational use in protected area management based on the comprehensible evaluation of the hazard potential from uses and the vulnerability of ecological values.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 308 Serial (down) 2362
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Author More, T.A.; Manning, R.E.,
Title The Public Functions of Parks and Protected Areas Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 294-298
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Establishing and managing protected areas throughout the world usually have been considered a governmental function. However, recent conservative political thinking in many developed countries has challenged the role of the public sector on all fronts. In Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States, government has been seen as a problem, while private enterprise is presented as the solution. Advocates of privatization argue that park services can be provided more efficiently under private management, and that the areas themselves will be better protected for future generations. Unfortunately, such a policy can foster elitism by preserving the benefits of parks and protected areas for the wealthy while ignoring the growing social inequality in many of these countries. In this paper, I examine the concepts that underlie privatization efforts, particularly economic efficiency. I suggest that there is a need to examine the different functions that parks and protected areas serve, and to ask if each function helps to differentiate between public and private. I argue that, in the final analysis, equality of access is the primary function of public-sector management of parks and that we need to examine our policies and practices to ensure that park benefits are distributed fairly throughout society.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 306 Serial (down) 2361
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Author McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J.,
Title Development of a Values-based Approach to Managing Recreation on Canadian Crown Lands Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 285-293
Keywords MMV2
Abstract A key issue in sustainability is understanding the values of a particular place that are to be conserved. While many of the natural resource values of protected areas are mandated, values associated with public use and recreation are frequently less clearly defined and often hotly contested. Public involvement processes are often used to elicit these values and a number of mostly survey-based approaches have been developed to achieve this. However, theoretical considerations concerning the nature of values and the processes of value formation have brought into question whether survey approaches on their own are the most appropriate way of understanding values. Consideration of public use and recreation values brings into play many of the issues surrounding place attachment and place identification. People value places because they symbolize something, because they have histories and memories associated with them, because they are interwoven in the stories we tell our self and others about who we are, and because they are rhetorical methods of making arguments for managing a place in one way or another. These ideas center on ‘meaning-based” rather than “information processing” models of value formation. In this context, values are seen as discursive constructions, which are continuously being contested and reconstructed through political dialogue. It is argued that a ‘meaning-based’ approach to value formation is better suited to the developing models of collaborative planning than are the expert-driven, rational decision-making models that have dominated natural area planning. This paper describes a planning approach, which seeks to combine both interpretive approaches to data collection (narratives and value mapping) and survey methods in the elicitation of values attached to a working forest. A process will be detailed that links the characteristics of an area with the spatial distribution of values ascribed to the same area utilizing GIS and photo-mosaic representations. The case study area discussed in this paper is the Dog River/Matawin area of North Western Ontario. Application of this approach to forest planning will be discussed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 304 Serial (down) 2360
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Author Grossmann, M.; Klaphake, A.; Meyerhoff, J.,
Title Canoes versus birds or canoeists versus canoeists? Combining interview survey and visitor monitoring to inform visitor management in the Mueritz National Park Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 277-284
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Intensive use of canoeing trails in national parks can impact both wildlife and the satisfaction of paddlers. This paper focuses on paddlers’ perception of congestion in the National Park Mueritz (Germany) and the effectiveness of different management options. Our theoretical discussion is based on the economics of congestion and the social science literature on carrying capacity of recreational resources. For the empirical application, we use interview survey and monitoring data. While our results suggest a high relevance of congestion on canoeists’ satisfaction, the acceptance of a quota system does not exceed 30 percent. We employ a statistical analysis to describe the effect of different use levels on the quality of the paddling experience. We further use the travel cost method for a rough prediction of the effect of pricing strategies (entrance fee) on use levels.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 302 Serial (down) 2359
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Author Gilbertson, K.; Olfelt, D.; Leversedge, P.,
Title Visitor management and revegetation efforts on a degraded Lake Superior cliff edge Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 272-276
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Rock climbing has grown to be a major recreational sport in the United States. Yet, resource degradation caused by recreational rock climbing has become a controversial issue throughout the United States (Access Fund 1999). Some resource agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Land Management are struggling to establish functional management policies that allow appropriate rock climbing practices while protecting the natural resource (Devine 2001). Resource managers tend to favor restriction of climbing activities to protect the resource. Yet, without adequate understanding of rock climbing, this approach can become controversial. A less controversial approach toward rock climbing influences on natural resources can be to include the rock climbing community in management planning. The result can be increased protection of the resource while allowing recreational climbing to continue (Hynek 1999). In an effort to address both public recreational needs and to protect the natural resource of Shovel Point, a popular rock climbing site in Tettegouche State Park on the edge of Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota, USA, a study was conducted during the summer of 1998 to identify types of recreational users, impacts from their use behaviors, and to survey climber attitudes toward a proposed management plan that would influence climbing on the site. The results of this study were implemented into a long range management plan that has resulted in modified climber impact on the environment and allows a rehabilitation of the site that is hoped to preserve the unique natural resource. Innovative vegetative rehabilitation of the climbing site has been successfully implemented. This is an excellent example of positive conflict resolution through research, management through public participation, and resource rehabilitation and protection.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 300 Serial (down) 2358
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Author Eagles, P.F.J.,
Title Trends Affecting Tourism in Protected Areas Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 18-26
Keywords MMV2
Abstract This paper discusses 16 important trends that are predicted to affect the planning and management of parks and protected areas in the medium term. While there are many trends visible, the ones chosen are mostly likely to require a management response. There are both challenges and opportunities for tourism-related benefits in parks and protected areas.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 298 Serial (down) 2357
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Author Cole, D.N.,
Title Monitoring and Management of Recreation in Protected Areas: the Contributions and Limitations of Science Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 10-17
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Scientists assist protected area managers by developing information and knowledge that can be used to better monitor and manage recreation use and its impacts. Most recreation management decisions have both a descriptive and an evaluative component. There is widespread consensus that science is well suited to discovering, synthesizing and applying descriptive information. This paper provides an overview of some of the most significant contributions of science to visitor monitoring and management. It covers the related scientific purposes of explanation, causation, prediction and assessment. As scientific enquiry moves from description to evaluation, from facts to values, from providing statements of “what is” to providing statements of “what ought to be”, it ventures into more contested territory. While some advocate a substantial role for science in the establishment of normative standards about what ought to be, others believe science should be very cautious in this arena. Recreation examples, largely drawn from wilderness management in the United States, are provided.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 296 Serial (down) 2356
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Author Takahashi, M.,
Title Actual condition and problem of visitor use in Jozankei National Forest, Japan Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-68
Keywords MMV2
Abstract Jozankei National Forest, a part of the Shikotsu Toya National Park, is located in a mountainous area about 30 km south of central Sapporo. The forest is managed by selective cutting based on highdensity forest road network. Because of the roads, visitor access is easier than it is in other surrounding forests. From spring to autumn in 2003, visitor flows were monitored at two entrances of the forest road network using Trail Traffic Counter. There was a remarkable visitor concentration in spring and the behaviour of visitor varied at each season. It was considered that the reason for the difference could be the different purposes of visits to the park as well as the characteristics of the forests visited.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 294 Serial (down) 2355
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.; Jensen, F.S.,
Title Assessing recreation in the Danish nature – present experiences, towards a future monitoring system Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 58-64
Keywords MMV2, Outdoor recreation, recreational use estimates, forest preferences, general public, questionnaire, Denmark
Abstract Research on Danish forest recreation reaches back to the mid-seventies. Two major surveys have been conducted: The Forest and Folk in 1975 and the Outdoor Life ’95-‘98 project. The latter was, in terms of overall objective and chosen methodology, a repetition of the first. Both surveys aimed at collection of base-line information about the recreational life and preferences of Danes and the pattern of use in the Danish nature. Both used a combination of household questionnaires – combined with verbalstatement-cards and photographs – and counting of cars combined with handing out questionnaires at parking-lots in the nature. The present paper presents and discusses the projects and campaigns of the past and looks forward, providing an outline of a future setting of a system for collection of statistical information regarding recreational use of the nature.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 292 Serial (down) 2354
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Author Passold, A.J.; Magro, T.C.; Do Couto, H.T.Z.,
Title Comparing Indicator Effectiveness for Monitoring Visitor Impact at Intervales State Park, Brazil: Park Ranger-Measured Versus Specialist-Measured Experience Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 52-57
Keywords MMV2
Abstract This study was conducted to aid administrators in overcoming some barriers to implementation and maintenance of programs for monitoring visitor impact to Brazilian protected areas. One of the problems refers to continuity in collecting field data due in part to lack of institutional commitment. In order to verify the effectiveness of surveys carried out by park employees, the difference between data collected by park rangers and those collected by specialists was studied so that simple and dependable indicators could be selected. 26 indicators of physical attributes were analyzed for four intensive-use trails at Intervales State Park through systematic sampling of points. Results indicate that the group of rangers produced more homogeneous data than the group of specialists did. Significant differences were more frequent among quantitative indicators. Indicators chosen according to their dependability criterion were: bird sighting and hearing, vandalism to park facilities, rock graffiti, number of damaged or carved trees, number of perceptions of vehicle noise, number of exposed rocks, visible erosion, trail depth, traces of fauna and trash litter.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 290 Serial (down) 2353
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Author Fredman, P.,
Title National Park Designation – Visitor Flows and Tourism Impact Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 369-375
Keywords MMV2
Abstract National parks around the world are increasingly attracting visitors to experience pristine and unique natural environments. While increases in national park tourism provides business opportunities both in the parks and in adjacent communities, there are several economic, social and ecological aspects that need to be monitored in order to sustain high quality visitor experiences. Increases in visitation may cause negative impacts on the environment, conflicts between different user groups or within groups. At the same time, data on visitor numbers, distribution and attitudes is needed in order to design efficient management strategies and provide appropriate recreation opportunities. This paper reports preliminary findings from two different surveys of visitors to Fulufjället National Park in Sweden – one year before and one year after national park designation respectively. Both surveys used on site counters and self registration boxes to collect visitor data. Follow-up mail questionnaires were sent to a sample of Swedish and German visitors. The survey of 2001 (one year before national park designation) collected data on visitor numbers, nationalities, demographics, trip characteristics, crowding, willingness to pay, attitudes towards management actions and tourism development etc. The purpose of the 2003 survey (one year after national park designation) was to monitor possible short term changes in some of these parameters as a consequence of the national park designation in 2002. In addition, the 2003 survey was designed to estimate the regional economic impact of the park. Data from the two surveys are compared and the results are discussed from both a methodological and an impact perspective.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 288 Serial (down) 2352
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Author Arnberger, A.; Haider, W.; Muhar, A.,
Title Social Carrying Capacity of an Urban Park in Vienna Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 361-368
Keywords MMV2
Abstract The goal of this research was to investigate the social carrying capacity of an urban park in Vienna, Austria. We used a stated choice approach, combined with a referendum style conjoint model. Based on the hypothesis that the perception of crowding is influenced by several factors, digitally calibrated images were generated to depict in a systematic and rigorous manner different visitor numbers, user types, group sizes, the placement of visitors within the scene, numbers of dogs on or off leash, and the direction of visitor movement. The social carrying capacity was measured by asking each respondent whether the presented scenario was acceptable or not. Overall, visitor numbers, the placement of visitors within the image, and dogs being on or off a leash influenced the visitors’ decisions the most. The results of the binomial logit model can be used to simulate and calculate the visitor norms for many different situations; in other words, the referendum style conjoint approach delivers recreation norms within a truly multivariate investigative framework.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 286 Serial (down) 2351
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Author Raitio, H.,
Title Opening address Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 4-4
Keywords MMV2
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 8 Serial (down) 2350
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Author Sievänen, T.; Tuulentie, S.,
Title Preface Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 3-3
Keywords MMV2
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 82 Serial (down) 2349
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Author Ivy, M.I.,
Title Video Monitoring Visitors as a Management Tool: Identifying the Issues Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 483-483
Keywords MMV1
Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 572 Serial (down) 2348
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Author Cole, D.N.,
Title Simulation of Recreational Use in Backcountry Settings: an Aid to Management Planning Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 478-482
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Simulation models of recreation use patterns can be a valuable tool to managers of backcountry areas, such as wilderness areas and national parks. They can help fine-tune existing management programs, particularly in places that ration recreation use or that require the use of designated campsites. They can assist managers in evaluating the likely effects of increasing recreation use and the implementation of new management programs. They also can be used as a monitoring tool, being particularly helpful in predicting encounter levels in the interior as a function of easily measured counts of recreationists entering the area. The first backcountry travel simulation models were developed in the 1970s. They were never widely used, however, primarily because simulation runs were costly and difficult. Recent improvements in computer technology have ushered in a new era of travel simulation modeling.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 570 Serial (down) 2347
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Author Coch, T.,
Title Observing visitors behaviour as a methodical alternative to questionnaires – a proposal Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 474-477
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Basing on case studies in South-West- and North-East-Germany techniques of hidden observation such as observing visitors behaviour with binoculars from far distance are discussed. Their origin in ethological field studies is reflected, ethical aspects are mentioned and the conditions to produce valid data are qualified. Especially in case of analysing non-legal behaviours direct questionnaires are often not be able to clear whether serious damages in the protection areas are resulting or not. Also the intentions of “breaking the rules” cannot be reflected totally by socio-empiric methods. On the other hand behaviour observations require a lot of time and energy and should be limited on serious indications because of ethical aspects. So it is necessary to describe conditions and cases, where observing techniques can be implemented successfully.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 568 Serial (down) 2346
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Author Ziener, K.,
Title Types of Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 467-473
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation vary in their causes, development and impact as well as in the people or groups involved and finally in the strategies and methods of resolution. They are neither generally avoidable nor can they be solved in an absolute way. However, most of them can be moderated by communication and discussion. The conflicts in national parks or biosphere reserves do not develop independently of each other. Usually several conflicts exist at the same time, in the same region and maybe between the same people. Therefore strategies of park management should be directed not only to an isolated conflict alone but to the entire system of conflicts in the region. Predicting and examining conflicts can help to avoid or reduce severe conflicts. The typifying of conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation in national parks or biosphere reserves can be used to describe relations between conflicts and strategies of solutions.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 565 Serial (down) 2345
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A.,
Title Water Sports Activities and their Effects on the Avifauna of the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria – First Results Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 460-466
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Sustainable management of protected areas requires combining standardized ecological observations with quantitative data about the number of visitors and their behavior. Austria's Danube Floodplains National Park is a prime example for the importance of accommodating a high volume of recreational use with concerns about ecological integrity. Wetland ecology is of particular concern to park management. Within the scope of this study, boaters in the old branches of the Danube were observed en route and questioned when leaving the area. These observations provided quantitative data, such as the number of boaters, their spatio-temporal distribution and their behavior. At the same time, disturbances to water birds were inventoried using standardized ecological observation techniques. These observations were interlinked with visitor use data provided by a constant video recording of the recreational activity at the main entry point. Thus, data on the number and the temporal distribution of the boaters for the overall observation period was made available. The result of this study was, that through the simultaneous presence of different user groups, there is a permanent burden placed on the old branches by boaters, which scarcely permits rest for the avifauna.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 562 Serial (down) 2344
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Author Shalovenkov, N.,
Title Interaction of Land and Water Ecosystems in Recreational and Protected Areas Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 452-459
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The experience of monitoring and management of visitor flows is stored enough large for land ecosystems in recreational and protected areas. An estimation of influence of visiting flows and choice of optimum loadings for water ecosystems are connected to some difficulties. This difficulty is predetermined, first of all, by complexity of interaction of land and water ecosystems and by complexity of performance of monitoring of environment for such ecosystems. Interaction of water and land ecosystems we will consider on an example of the Dniester River Basin and coast of the Black Sea, which are popular recreational and protected areas.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 560 Serial (down) 2343
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Author Nodilo, M.,
Title Nature Protection in the Service of the Visitors who visit National Park Mljet Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 444-451
Keywords MMV1
Abstract National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt.National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 558 Serial (down) 2342
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Author Muharremaj, V.,
Title Conflicts of Interest on National Parks and Protected Areas during the Transition Period in Albania Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 439-443
Keywords MMV1
Abstract National Parks of Albania are the most frequented by visitors, because patches of virgin forests, high biodiversity, landscape beauties and nature monuments are present within their areas. During the hard transition period some conflicts of interest have risen on parks and protected areas, which delay their proper management and in a certain degree they affect the flow flux of visitors. The rural appraisal method was mainly used for identification of conflicts. The analyses of factors and causes of these conflicts allow to give some recommendations for their solution, which will influence, in parallel with other measures, on the sustainable management of parks and protected areas, evaluation of their multiple values by the society, and increasing the income of the local communities.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 556 Serial (down) 2341
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Author Mowen, A.J.,
Title Estimating Visitor Occasions and Recreational Visits at an Urban Park District Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 436-438
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The need for a committed system to monitor and track visitation over time is increasingly recognized by agencies that are responsive to staffing, budgeting, and public relations. This paper highlights a process that a metropolitan park agency uses to monitor visitation within its jurisdiction. The importance of a long-term and regular counting effort is highlighted as well as a brief discussion of trade-offs made between validity and reliability in the formative years of establishing a new use estimation system. The paper concludes by identifying some of the advantages and limitations inherent when estimating urban park visitation with inductive loop counters.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 554 Serial (down) 2340
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Author Meçaj, N.; Muharremaj, V.,
Title Dajti National Park A Recreational Area for Citizens of Tirana, Albania Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 432-435
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Dajti National Park is one of the 12 National Parks of Albania, declared as a protected area in 1961. From the administrative of view, it is included in the Tirana District. This Park is managed by the general Directorate of Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Food). Total protected area reaches 10,269 ha. It represents an important additional to the presentation of natural wealth Park. The intention of this paper is to provide visitors with the essential information on natural history and cultural importance of Dajti National Park. It should come into hands of every single visitor and draw his attention to numerous attractions of the first Albanian National Park (field trip, visitor observation, interviews etc.). The results showed that various methods allow a thorough analyses of visitor activities as a basis for the ecologically and economically sustainable management of recreation and conservation areas.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 552 Serial (down) 2339
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Author McKenzie, J.; Katic, E.,
Title Recreational Use and Wildlife Movement near Mountain Park Communities: Integrating Social and Ecological Management Objectives in Banff National Park Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 429-431
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The proximity and easy access to recreational areas are special features of communities in parks and protected areas. In Canada’s Mountain National Parks, communities are often located in valley bottoms that are important habitat for a wide range of terrestrial wildlife. Managing the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational users near park communities presents a challenge for managers faced with the conflicting objectives of providing recreational opportunities while maintaining the quality of habitat for wildlife. To address land use issues between recreational users and wildlife, we develop management objectives that integrate recreational opportunities with wildlife habitat requirements. We outline methods to collect baseline recreation and wildlife data for an integrated land use plan and describe subsequent steps in the planning process.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 550 Serial (down) 2338
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Author Kun, Z.,
Title Managing Visitors Through Certification of Protected Areas’ Business Partners – A Practical Application in Bialowieza National Park, Poland Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 423-428
Keywords MMV1
Abstract WWF and its business partner, the Molecaten groep Bv initiated PAN Parks concept in 1997 to develop third party verification for measuring management effectiveness of protected areas. PAN Parks wishes to introduce a marriage between nature conservation and sustainable tourism. Business partners have an important role in the project as service and facility provider for visitors. The implementation of the concept of building cooperation between the management and local entrepreneurs started in Bialowieza National Park in 1998. 30 local entrepreneurs signed a letter of intent to work as candidate PAN Parks’ business partners. The concept is that guests visiting these entrepreneurs can get extra information about the Bialowieza National Park, and also about the events in the region. Local entrepreneurs can join if they pay an annual fee, and if they fulfil certain criteria.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 548 Serial (down) 2337
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Author Karácsonyi, Z.; Aradi, C.; Lisztes, L.,
Title From the Beginning Until the World Heritage Title: The Tendencies and Management of Visitor Flows at the Hortobágy National Park Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 421-422
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The Hortobágy was always in the center of interest because of its special natural values and its characteristic landscape. Even since 1973, when the Hortobágy National Park was established (as the first national park in Hungary) the visitor flows has been significant. However, this mainly meant a 1 or 2 days mass visits. The successive management plans paid increased attention to the problems and issues related to the visitor flows and the possible solutions. The developed zoning-system and the management regulations based on this deal with the tourism. The recently built Epona Rider Village and then the private tourism organizations appeared in increasingly large numbers, and require a new management approach. The important developments of the recent years (educational center, museums, demonstrational centers) also had a great influence on visitor flow management. The practice applied in each stage of the development process, their modifications and further developments, which is to meet the requirements of the World Heritage title, will be introduced.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 546 Serial (down) 2336
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Author Blazejczyk, A.,
Title Some Problems of Tourist Activity in the Tatra National Park Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 417-420
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Tatra Mts. is an unique alpine ridge in Poland.. The whole Polish part of Tatra is a protected area as a national park (Tatry National Park – TNP). Its area is 21,164 ha. Every year 2.5 millions of tourists visit TNP. Tourist activity is one of the factor of nature degradation in Tatras. The most transformed are the areas with the greatest tourist penetration: Morskie Oko lake, Kasprowy Wierch Mt. and Koscieliska valley. The paper presents preliminary results of the studies dealing with the problems of tourist penetration in the Morskie Oko (MO) and Kasprowy Wierch (KW) regions. In the MO area needs and desires of tourists, time budget during stay at the place and tourists’ evaluation of infrastructure were studied with the use of special questionnaires. At Kasprowy Wierch the streams of tourists were observed. The number of tourists on each tourist track crossing KW was accounted. The results of the studies point to great diversity of tourist activity in TNP (making pictures, enjoying nature, walking in the surroundings, climbing, relax). The results can be useful for managing of tourist activity, for making corrections in TNP protection system and for establishing the methods minimising degradation of tourist tracks and its surroundings.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 544 Serial (down) 2335
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Author Yovel, E.; Hersperger, A.M.,
Title Reasonable Illusions: Participatory Planning and Protected Areas Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 412-416
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Popular images of protected areas are among the best known images in the world. They are composed in equal part of myth, hype and rare glimpses into incredible places. These images, of peaceful unchanging areas, disguise the bitter debate over the real purpose of protected areas, and our continually changing relationship with nature and wild places. The use of participatory approaches to plan and manage land, water, and conservation-based interventions is now well established. Today, few projects in natural resource management are funded unless they contain substantial components of community involvement. This is especially true in protected area development where participatory approaches form the entry point for working with local communities and user groups. Despite the increasing numbers of participatory initiatives, few initiatives remain uncontested or non-controversial. This paper offers seeks to suggest why the popular image, a reflection of social values and influences, is important to visitor management in protected areas as a unifying factor.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 542 Serial (down) 2334
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Author Weissen, A.; Götz, A.,
Title The Contribution of the Alpine Convention to Nature Conservation and Visitor Flows Management Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 407-411
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The Alpine Convention, entered into force in March 1995, is an international treaty that obliges eight countries and the European Community to undertake specific measures for the protection of the natural and cultural heritage and for the sustainable development of the Alps, the largest and highest mountain region in Central Europe. One of the twelve Protocols for the implementation of the Convention is dedicated to “nature protection and countryside conservation”. It highlights the importance of protected areas and the necessity to manage human activities in order to reduce negative impacts and to guarantee biodiversity and natural processes.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 540 Serial (down) 2333
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Author Prokic, S.,
Title Visitor Flows in National Parks and other Protected Areas of Serbia: Case Studies of Proper and Improper Practices Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 402-406
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The principles of management in the protected natural areas of Serbia are defined by the Environment Protection and National Parks Acts of the Republic of Serbia. Even though these laws were adopted by the Parliament as early as 1991 and 1993, respectively, their implementation is not performed in an equal manner in all the protected areas. According to these laws, the tourism in such areas is not primarily considered as an activity of economic/commercial character, but as one of the environmental principles. It is supposed to contribute to the protection and development of the national parks and nature reserves by promotion and presentation of the natural and cultural values. The role of such tourism in the environmental education of the general public is also of paramount importance. The Ministries of the Environment and Tourism of the Republic of Serbia have brought in 1998 the Action Plan for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Protected Natural Areas. On this basis, the Minstry of the Environment has also brought the Action Plan for Sustainable Management of Hunting Grounds and Game Fauna in the Protected Natural Areas. In addition to a brief survey of the above legislation, some case studies are presented of both positive and negative practice in performing the management of the protected natural areas in this respect. The case studies relate to the Nature Reserve „Begej – Carska Bara“ and the National Park „Kopaonik“ as the two extreme examples of the corresponding approaches.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 538 Serial (down) 2332
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Author Petrova, E.,
Title Problems of Recreational Use of the World Natural Heritage Territories (Ubsunur Hollow Example) Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 397-401
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Six Russian territories are included already into UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Several more territories have to be included into the List in the near future. The Ubsunuur Hollow that is situated in the very center of Asia on a border between Russian Republic of Tyva and Mongolia will be among them. This place is probably the only one in the world where almost all the Earth nature zones (including the northernmost deserts and southernmost tundra) are met on a relatively small by size territory. Besides one can meet here the unique historical monuments – numerous burial-mounds and stone steles from 2–1 Millenniums B.C. The traditional nomad stockbreeding as well as ecological tourism can develop on this territory as main types of nature use. The tourists could visit the Reserve cluster plots where they could acquaint themselves with the popular traditions and enjoy the nature. Unlike the homelike European regions the nature of the Ubsunuur Hollow has been preserved for the present in practically untouched condition. The remoteness and hard accessibility of this territory don’t contribute to the mass tourist flows attraction. In the future it is planned to organize here the recreational use by small tourist groups that will observe the strict rules of behavior. Large hotels and other massive constructions of the tourist infrastructure won’t be built here. The tourists will move mainly by horses or by feet using the existing roads and paths and will live in tents and yurts. The definite flow of the financial sources will be possible together with the pure educational effect.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 536 Serial (down) 2331
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Author Mast, U.,
Title Towards Quality Rural Tourism in Alpine Recreational Areas in Europe: Integrated Quality Management of Rural Tourist Destinations & Presentation of a Case Study in Bregenzerwald, Austria Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 390-396
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The rural recreation areas of Europe provide a wide variety of experiences and attractions for the visitor. Domestic and international visitor flows mostly from conurbations are turning to countryside destinations for holidays in increasing numbers. There are changes in the length and type of visits sought and there is a rapid growth in alternative recreational outdoor activities world wide and thus the alpine rural areas have to be ever more competitive and have to concentrate on sustainable development. At the same time there is an increasing need to be sensitive to both the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the economy, the environment and the local communities. Integrated quality management is an approach to focus on quality by putting suitable management in place, to ensure that visitors have a special experience, meeting or exceeding their expectations while maximising the benefit to the destination and while managing visitor flows. This approach is explored here and the main issues that are discussed, are based on a case study in the Bregenzerwald, Vorarlberg.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 534 Serial (down) 2330
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Author Arzac, S.,
Title Environment and Rural Tourism in Bustamante, Mexico Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 384-389
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The community is Bustamante, population 3,501, in Nuevo Leon state, Mexico. It is a privileged rural landscape, made fertile in the middle of a semi-desert by springs that flow year-round. And in the vicinity of the oasis lie the internationally known caverns known locally as Grutas de Palmito. The problem are the pressures of recreation on the environment: day excursionists who come in great numbers are causing erosion near the water, both around the springs and along the river that flows from them. The waters that used to be clear are now murky because of the soil deposition. And in the cave, the visitors walk freely in the gallery spaces and trample on the formations. But because the local tourism industry is nature-based, it is imperative to conserve the natural resources that make it possible. This research considers the potential of what has come to be known as sustainable tourism to promote economic development in Bustamante and possibly in similar communities, not by replacing the agricultural base but by complementing it. Data were obtained from observations, interviews, survey questionnaires, from the Mexican census, from the regional newspaper, and from the literatures on sustainable tourism and history of the region. The study proposes that the natural and cultural resources of Bustamante had been largely conserved until recently, and that the present accelerated degradation of these resources can be reversed through approaches to sustainability that are related to tourism, so that Bustamante’s people meet their present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, measured against the standard of living currently enjoyed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 532 Serial (down) 2329
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Author Vistad, O.I.,
Title Visitors and Managers: Differing Evaluations Concerning Recreational Impacts and Preferences for Management Actions? Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 380-383
Keywords MMV1
Abstract During the summer of 1999 tourists were interviewed along two important scenic roads in Norway. Later on managers in all Norwegian counties were asked some of the same questions. The questionnaire presented twelve photos of trails and paths in different conditions, and twelve potential management actions concerning minimizing or repairing impacts on the ground. The results show significant differences between the two groups in their evaluations of photos with comprehensive impacts and corduroy covered paths. The managers have a lower level of tolerance towards impact, and the visitors are more in favor of using corduroy. Almost all of the proposed management actions were also rated significantly different, but the two groups are still quite consistent in their overall rating patterns: Actions concerning information of visitors or shielding the resource are favored; using fees is unacceptable.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 530 Serial (down) 2328
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Author Tempesta, T.; Visintin, F.; Marangon, F.,
Title Ecotourism demand in North-East Italy Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 373-379
Keywords MMV1
Abstract There are three regions in North-East Italy: Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige. These regions have highly differentiated environmental and natural features. In fact, in this small area we can find the biomes of the main European temperate zones. The environment is important because there are a large number of National and Regional Natural Parks, as well as small protected areas that many people visit every year. Since the nineties, the authors have been involved in research to examine and analyse ecotourism in North-East Italy. The main objectives were to: a) define a methodology that would quantify the recreational flow from the results of phone and in-person interviews, b) analyse ecotourism demand, socioeconomic visitor features, tourist facilities and economic flow. The statistical models study the number of visits through a travel cost method, and willingness to pay by means of contingent valuation methods. The findings have allowed us to fill the considerable information gap regarding ecotourism and the recreational use of the landscape. From the survey we have collected precise data on the economic and social importance of ecotourism, such as recreational benefit and expense flow.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 528 Serial (down) 2327
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Author Tarbaeva, V.; Fomichyova, T.,
Title Development of Ecotourism in the Largest National Park “Yugyd va” Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 371-372
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The National Park “Yugyd va”, Komi, Russia is used predominantly by the Russian population for summer and winter recreation purposes. The National Park (NP) organizes, plans and controls visitor flows. Management of visitor flows is directly and indirectly realized by the NP. The direct management includes functional zone division, normalizing recreation loads, law-enforcement activity. The indirect management includes regulation of visitors access in determined places of the NP because of complex and dangerous routes or specific objects organization of tourist infrastructure. Monitoring of visitor activities in the National Park is realized by short-term visitor observation and route registration. Organization of visitor flow is realized on the basis of agreement between the NP and tour operators. The NP regulates of tourism and recreation by restriction of moving the visitors on the NP area on the basis of permissible recreation loads.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 526 Serial (down) 2326
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Author Stursa, J.,
Title Impacts of Tourism Load on the Mountain Environment (A Case Study of the Krkonoše Mountains National Park – the Czech Republic) Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 364-370
Keywords MMV1
Abstract Krkonose Mountains (the Giant Mountains in Czech) as the highest mountains of the Czech Republic belong to the most visited middle-european mountains as they are well facilitated for both summer and winter outdoor recreation. More than 8 million visitors within a year means very serious tourism load on the mountain landscape and ecosystems. Primary impacts (e.g. disturbing plants and animals by trampling and noise, soil erosion or cummulation of rubish) together with secondary impacts of tourism development (a.g. arrising of accomodation capacity, impact on traditional landscape infrastructure by reebuilding of original small mountain chalets, nonsufficient disposal of waste, transport of allochtone organisms) create very cotraversional background for sustainable use of the mountains which are the oldest national park of the Czech Republic. Paper describes these impacts and suggests some forms of conflict solution between tourism development and statutes of the national park.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 524 Serial (down) 2325
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Author Schneider, P.; Pröbstl, U.; Fürnrohr, G.,
Title Visitor Management and Ecological Monitoring in Austrian, Italian and Bavarian Skiing Resorts by Adapting the EU-Eco-Audit Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 359-363
Keywords MMV1
Abstract The problems in skiing resorts caused by winter sports and agriculture and summer touristic land use are well known. They mostly found upon sensitive ecological conditions, building measures, deficiencies in visitor management and an overlapping land use during summer. A new possibility to face and to decrease these problems will be presented within this article by the EU-Eco-Audit. Examples from Italy, Germany and Austria show starting points for valuation, deduction of objects for environmental development and suggestions for an environmental management system. A future-development should be influenced by an auditing process which is supported by the enterprise and to environmental concerns set up in business, what should be further developed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 522 Serial (down) 2324
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