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	Author	Wirth, V.; Pröbstl, U.; Haider, W.,
	Title	Simulation of tourism strategies for alpine destinations			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	73-75
	Keywords	MMV5, destination choice, Alps, discrete choice, summer tourism, tourism strategies
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 72			Serial	2711
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	Author	Berndsen, M.L.,
	Title	Staatsbosbeheer’s experiences with demand-driven working			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	83-84
	Keywords	MMV5, demand-driven working, motive groups, recreational area analysis, cooperation, quality, diversity
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 60			Serial	2715
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	Author	Henkens, R.; Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Van Marwijk, R.,
	Title	Development of userfriendly decision support tool to support visitor impact management in protected areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	119-120
	Keywords	MMV5, Decision Support Tool, Natura2000, recreation model MASOOR, user interface, disturbance, visitor management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 228			Serial	2731
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	Author	Rodrigues, A.; Rodrigues, Á.,
	Title	Diversification of the tourism offer in rural and natural areas: the implementation of a Dark-Sky Reserve in Portugal			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	234-235
	Keywords	MMV5, Dark-Sky Reserve, Portugal, tourism, light pollution, protected areas
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 184			Serial	2783
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	Author	Absher, J.; English, D.; Burns, R.,
	Title	Customer service metrics as a basis for segmentation of forest recreationists			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	61-62
	Keywords	MMV5, customer service, forest recreation management, visitor segmentation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 264			Serial	2706
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	Author	Mann, C.; Absher, J.,
	Title	An emerging paradigm for sustainably managing conservation areas: examples from Europe and the US			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	262-263
	Keywords	MMV5, conservation areas, planning and management, paradigm shift, participative methods, institutional fit
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 108			Serial	2796
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	Author	Zinn, H.; Mosimane, A.; Morais, D.,
	Title	Wildlife tourism, community-based natural resource management, wildlife value orientations, and quality-of-life indicators in indigenous Namibian villages			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	221-222
	Keywords	MMV5, community-based natural resource management, indigenous peoples, subjective well being, wildlife value orientations
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 246			Serial	2777
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	Author	Healy, N.,
	Title	Mediating the tourist experience and appropriate levels of interpretation– Exploring reaction to the transformation of Irish nature-based tourism			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	76-77
	Keywords	MMV5, commodification, regulation, transforming destinations, visitor experience
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 46			Serial	2712
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	Author	Dehnhardt, A.; Kalisch, D.,
	Title	Visitors’ attitude towards climate change adaptation strategies for ski tourism areas in a German low mountain range – Results from a visitor survey in Oberwiesenthal, Erzgebirge			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	223-224
	Keywords	MMV5, climate change, snow tourism, low mountain range, Germany
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 244			Serial	2778
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	Author	Haider, W.; Beardmore, B.; Hunt, L.,
	Title	The view from a canoe: the complexity of route choice behaviour captured in a stated choice survey			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	109-111
	Keywords	MMV5, canoeing, stated choice survey, scenic beauty estimation, campsite choice
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 40			Serial	2727
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	Author	O’Brien, L.; Ambrose-Oji, B.; Morris, J.,
	Title	What enables or prevents diverse groups, including black and ethnic minorities, from using and enjoying British woodlands?			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	47-48
	Keywords	MMV5, black and minority ethnic groups, diversity, social inclusion, trees, woods
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 94			Serial	2700
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	Author	Lyon, K.; Van Marwijk, R.; Siikamaki, P.; Cottrell, S.,
	Title	Biodiversity hotspots and visitor flows in Oulanka National Park, Finland			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	95-98
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity, nature based tourism, Finland, visitor flows, national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 66			Serial	2721
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	Author	Lupp, G.,
	Title	Green lifestyle or greening lifestyles? The social dimension of halting the loss of biological diversity			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	253-255
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity, lifestyles, ‘in-situ’ vs. ‘ex-xitu’, interview design
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 122			Serial	2792
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	Author	Siikamäki, P.; Kangas, K.; Cottrell, S.; Schroderus, S.,
	Title	Spatial overlap of biodiversity and recreational use in protected areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	25-26
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity, conservation, nature-based tourism, recreation, spatial ecology
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 276			Serial	2689
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	Author	Schops, I.,
	Title	Biodiversity is about life, our life			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	15-17
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity, (re)connection model, National Park, economy, recreation, Belgium
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 218			Serial	2685
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	Author	Cil, A.,
	Title	Biodiversity action plans as a way towards local sustainable development			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	197-198
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity and ecosystem services, local biodiversity action plan (LBAP), eco-tourism, Western Balkans
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 144			Serial	2766
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	Author	Campbell, J.M.,
	Title	Are they listening? Monitoring cottager's compliance in reducing a property's attractiveness to bears in response to a targeted educational campaign			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	211-214
	Keywords	MMV5, Bear Smart, Manitoba, audits
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 254			Serial	2773
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	Author	Lewis, A.,
	Title	To what extent do different management regimes affect environmental impacts along the Ningaloo Coastline, Western Australia?			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	19-21
	Keywords	MMV5, Australia, Ningaloo, coast, impact, environment, management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 282			Serial	2687
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.; Allex, B.; Sterl, P.; Burns, R.C.,
	Title	Exploring relationships between visitor motives, satisfaction, recreation quality and attitudes towards protected area management in the Gesaeuse National Park, Austria			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	63-64
	Keywords	MMV5, attitudes, motives, National Park, visitor survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 80			Serial	2707
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	Author	Landauer, M.; Fredman, P.,
	Title	Nature-based artificial recreation environments: typology, empirical correlates and implications			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	103-104
	Keywords	MMV5, artificial, outdoor recreation, nature tourism, commodification, authenticity
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 52			Serial	2724
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	Author	Rupf, R.; Koechli, D.; Haider, W.; Skov-Petersen, H.; Pröbstl, U.,
	Title	Framework Mafreina: management toolkit recreation and wildlife in the Swiss Alps			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	121-123
	Keywords	MMV5, agent-based model, discrete choice experiment, environmental planning, GPS-logging, recreation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 226			Serial	2732
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	Author	Pouwels, R.; Opdam, P.,
	Title	Uncertainties and new management strategies: solving the recreation- biodiversity conflict with local stakeholders			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	267-269
	Keywords	MMV5, adaptive management, boundary management, incomplete knowledge, unpredictability
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 104			Serial	2798
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	Author	Restad, C.; Aas, Ø.; Wold, L.C.,
	Title	On the stone footpath – Reactions to abrasion reducing measures at Besseggen, Jotunheimen National Park, Norway			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	29-30
	Keywords	MMV5, abrasion reducing measure, visitor survey, user satisfaction
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 278			Serial	2691
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	Author	Goossen, M.; Elands, B.; Van Marwijk, R.,
	Title	Preface – Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	11-12
	Keywords	MMV5
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 284			Serial	2683
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	Author	Schouten, M.,
	Title	Wildlife reserves: sanctuaries, commons or commodities?			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	18-18
	Keywords	MMV5
	Abstract	Nature does not know itself as nature. We perceive it as such. And in that perception we project our images of nature. Such images are social constructs that vary in time and between cultures: nature as the enemy, nature as a resource, nature as an uncorrupted domain…..
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 216			Serial	2686
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	Author	Van Der Donk, M.,
	Title	Ten years of experience in providing wilderness experience opportunities in Europe’s certified PAN Parks			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	77-77
	Keywords	MMV4, Wilderness, network, experiences, Europe, tourism
	Abstract	Today ten years ago, the first steps were taken to realise a marriage between conservation and the tourism industry in the most important wilderness areas of Europe. This initiative awards wilderness areas that meet the highest standards of management for conservation and sustainable tourism development strategies with the PAN Parks quality seal. It can be considered as a gold standard for well- managed protected areas. Based on the PAN Parks principles and criteria and the verification reports, park managers are encouraged to increase the management effectiveness of their protected areas and to plan, provide and maintain high quality recreation opportunities inside the park. Five principles make up the PAN Parks verification scheme, three of which deal with visitor experiences: Visitor management (principle 3), Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy (Principle 4), and Partnerships (Principle 5). Tourism development is used as a means to give economic value to wilderness areas and to create support for conservation. By creating unique and high quality opportunities for wildernessbased recreation, the marriage has proven to be successful as it results in benefits for nature, for communities in and around the protected area and in unique experience opportunities for visitors. This is measured by using mixed methodologies in the Analysis of Perceptions and Attitudes (APA) studies done in 3 of the certified areas. After ten years of working on the development and implementation of the concept in different European countries that cope with different and similar opportunities and obstacles, we can draw interesting lessons learned. Among them: The value of the network and the certificate to the park, local businesses and local people, the principles and criteria as management tools for planning and managing of tourism, providing the (certified) European wilderness experience for different types of tourists, generating revenues through tourism, communication and cooperation with stakeholders
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 916			Serial	2580
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	Author	Zanon, D.; Hall, J.; Shaw, R.,
	Title	Long term benefits of visitor monitoring – An Australian experience			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	148-152
	Keywords	MMV4, Visitor Satisfaction, Visitor Segments, Park Visitors, Structural Equation Model, Park Management Planning
	Abstract	Parks Victoria manages Victoria’s (Australia) national, state and urban parks. These parks make up approximately 17% of the state’s area and annually receive 45.3 million visits. Parks Victoria has been dedicated to the development of scientifically sound methods for monitoring visitors and the community since 1994. The three main ongoing monitoring streams are: visit quantities, community perceptions of management and visitor experience (Visitor Satisfaction Monitor). Accumulated research data from the Visitor Satisfaction Monitor (VSM) has been used to profile and refine the organisation’s understanding of its various park visitors. After 10 years that data has matured to produce a comprehensive visitor-product market segmentation. Over 11,000 interviews at 34 major parks (including 68 visitor sites) between 2000 and 2004 were used to group park visitors into seven segments. The segments are Nature Admirers, Urban Socials Trail Users, Passives and Other Users, Activity Centrics, Access Made Easy and Country Vacationers. Each park visitor segment, or group, had substantial differences from the other groups, while the individuals within each segment had much more in common; Nature Admirers visit in small groups for a short spectacular scenic experience whereas Urban Socials visit in large groups for half-day social interactions such as birthday parties and picnics. Further analyses have been conducted to identify individual sub-segments within each of the major segments. These sub-segments provide detailed information that can be used for the future development of parks and associated services. Subsequent analysis using Structural Equation Modelling provides evidence that the relationships between services and satisfaction are better understood when considering segments. Parks Victoria has been using segments in park management applications such as wild fire recovery plans, tourism strategy formulation, park management planning and visitor risk management. It has proved to be an efficient and effective systematic way of meeting visitor needs.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 954			Serial	2598
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	Author	Pfeifer, J.; Hennig, S.; Opp, C.,
	Title	Analysis of visitor nodes as a tool for visitor management by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	121-126
	Keywords	MMV4, visitor nodes, recreational use, visitor management, infrastructure and statistical analysis
	Abstract	Infrastructural elements in protected areas play an important role for visitors. They provide equipment to visitor activities and their demands. However data on infrastructure is frequently disregarded. Concepts and models to collect and deal with infrastructure data have to be developed. In Berchtesgaden National Park the concept of visitor nodes is used in order to support visitor management. Identification of 81 visitor nodes in this protected area took place. They have been classified into five categories: “place for excursions”, “destination for hiking”, “information”, “resting” and “orientation”. Each category is characterized through a defined standard supply. By using categories, evaluation of each visitor node was done. Deficits as well as satisfying situations became observably.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 942			Serial	2592
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	Author	Muñoz-Santos, M.; Benayas, J.,
	Title	Quality assessment of public use in National Parks. Application to the Spanish National Park System			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	112-115
	Keywords	MMV4, Visitor information and visitor management, Visitor monitoring methods, Public use quality
	Abstract	In recent years, we have observed how, worldwide, the goal of nature preservation has to be developed in a scenario of continuous increment in the number of visitors who are interested in experiencing PA resources, landscapes and stories. Spain is a good example of this process. It’s estimated that the whole Spanish PA receive over 50 million visitors a year, ten of them to the National Park System. The progressive influx of visitors in a short period of time has made administrations and managers to offer and develop a broad network of facilities and programs in order to provide these visitors with information, knowledge and recreation. But, are we doing it in the best way? In this context, this investigation defines an evaluation tool to asses the quality of public use programs developed in National Parks which has been applied to the Spanish National Park System, and could be applied to other parks and systems. It examines different trends and provides with some future recommendations.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 936			Serial	2590
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	Author	Hennig, S.,
	Title	The recreation perspective. A recreationalists typology on visitors and their behaviour by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	183-187
	Keywords	MMV4, visitor characteristics, recreational behaviour, typologies, management, statistical analysis
	Abstract	To perform its tasks management needs information on visitors. They provide insight into the recreational situation of protected areas and support management decisions. Therefor, data on visitor use and visitation behaviour have to be analyzed and mapped. However, information on visitors should not be reduced on singular variables. It is important to combine these different characteristics and build up types of visitors respectively visitor behaviour. In favour of this the approach of recreation perspective is elaborated. The concept takes account of existing typologies on (nature-based) tourism and their attributes (e.g. size, age). Furthermore, visitor behaviour is integrated. Distinguished in macro and micro behaviour it is expressed by choice of activity, destination, type, location and duration of extended stops etc.. Considering these aspects visitors can be categorized into several types. The recreation perspective is worked out and applied to the German Berchtesgaden National Park.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 968			Serial	2605
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	Author	Itami, R.M.,
	Title	Level of sustainable activity: bottom up vessel traffic management			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	155-159
	Keywords	MMV4, Vessel Traffic Management, Level of Sustainable Activity, RBSim, Recreation Behaviour Simulation, Bottom Up Decision Making
	Abstract	This paper presents a decision-making framework called “Level of Sustainable Activity”(LSA) which is a user-based approach to vessel traffic planning and management of high volume multiple use urban waterways. The method is adapted from the US Federal Highway Administrations “Level of Service” for traffic capacity. However the LSA framework links user estimates of traffic density to quality of service objects and a risk management framework to identify social and environmental risk factors. The results of the method are then used to interpret simulations of existing and projected use for making management decisions. The LSA framework was developed to define traffic capacity to urban waterways, however a spinoff of the method has been improved stakeholder buy-in into the process and a much stronger basis for management decision making. This is a direct result of the “bottom up” approach taken to both developing behavioural simulation models and the methods of obtaining information from users for populating and validating the simulation model. This paper advocates the LSA approach for a wider range of management applications by taking a user-based approach for describing existing conditions, projecting future growth, identifying key issues, and developing management actions. A case study of a vessel traffic management plan for Hobson’s Bay in Melbourne, Australia is used to demonstrate the concepts described in this paper.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 956			Serial	2599
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	Author	Türk, S.,
	Title	Urban greens for recreation, outdoor activities and nature experience			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	220-223
	Keywords	MMV4, Urban greens, management concepts, guidelines
	Abstract	A modern management of recreational areas for communities should be understood as a useful planning tool. Only an active management of such natural areas nearby settlements, used for outdoor and recreational sports and nature experiences, will fulfill long-term recreation planning in communities and will yield in an increasing quality of life and environmental issues for its habitants. However an integrated concept is needed, which means all categories of recreational issues have to be brought together throughout all departments in a reasonable way. That accounts for all communities independent of its size and structure. Management of recreational areas is not a further inconvenient development planning tool; it is an effective instrument for advancing natural orientated recreational areas.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 984			Serial	2613
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	Author	Jodlowski, M.; Depta, L.; Wójcik, P.,
	Title	Climbing impact on the relief and vegetation of the Tatra National Park			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	85-85
	Keywords	MMV4, Tatra National Park, climbing impact, relief, vegetation
	Abstract	The Tatra Mts. are the only high-mountain range in Poland, protected as a national park since 1954. The environment of rock cliffs, and especially the vegetation is unique within the mountain ecosystem. However, harsh environmental conditions result in high level of ecosystem vulnerability. In the Tatra National Park climbing activity encompasses all of its disciplines: sport climbing on equipped routes, both short and multi-pitched, traditional climbing as well as the alpine climbing. Recently, new climbing disciplines, such as dry-tooling and bouldering, have also became popular. The climbing impact has been a subject to competitive debate between national park managers, naturalists and climbers, although it has been relatively weakly studied. This study focuses on the landscape changes resulting from climbing activities on the cliff ecosystems located in forest, subalpine and alpine geoecological belts, both on carbonate and crystalline substrate. Within some crags climbing activity is permitted by law, however the others are a subject to illegal exploration. The basis for this study was surveying the existing climbing routes (and state of protection. e.g. bolts and pitons) as well as monitoring of the climbing intensity on specific crags. The landscape changes were identified by geomorphic mapping of cliffs and adjacent slopes as well as botanical studies. Observed landscape changes caused by climbers result mainly in mechanical damage of vegetation, growing instability of slope covers, and micro-relief alteration. The impact significantly differs with reference to climbing disciplines and geological substrate. The largest changes encompassing complete removal of vegetation layer and soil cover result from dry-tooling on limestone cliffs, whereas sport climbing on granite cliffs causes only limited removal of weathered rocks and restraining of lichens succession.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 920			Serial	2582
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	Author	Naviglio, L.,
	Title	The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism (ECST) integrated with other voluntary tools can facilitate a more effective tourism management in Natural Parks			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	212-216
	Keywords	MMV4, sustainable tourism, protected areas, voluntary tools, public/private shared strategies
	Abstract	The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism (ECST), promoted by Europarc in EU protected areas, considers the natural resources conservation as the reason for tourist attractiveness and tourism economy. The main goal is to create a network between public and private subjects in order to individuate and to promote new sustainable tourism offers and to define common, shared, strategies and action plans able to improve local economy preserving natural resources. The ECST implementation can be improved by using procedures and approaches typical of other voluntary tools like ISO 14001/EMAS and Local Agenda 21 (LA21). In particular, the environmental analysis should be more addressed to the existing relationships between pressures produced by tourism and other human activities and the state of the environment (the DPSIR scheme proposed by EEA could be useful for that). A evaluation of criticisms and a rank of priorities should be introduced in the process (as in ISO 14001) and local stakeholders involvement can be referred to LA21. ISO 14001/EMAS should provide references also for monitoring plans and for the management of procedures aimed at using the “park logo” (http://qualitypark. casaccia.enea.it) as award for best practices.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 980			Serial	2611
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	Author	Cottrell, S.P.,
	Title	Perceptions, attitudes and perceived benefits of local residents about tourism development in and around European Protected Area Network Parks			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	72-76
	Keywords	MMV4, Sustainability, tourism, indicators, monitoring
	Abstract	This paper presents the European Protected Area Network (PAN Parks) approach (mixed methods) for monitoring resident beliefs about the benefits of PAN Parks status and satisfaction with tourism development. Comparison of results and lessons learned from studies done in Poland, Bulgaria, and Finland are given. Hypothesizes imply that economic, socio-cultural, ecological, and institutional dimensions of sustainable tourism influence perceived benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development. As residents’ satisfaction with the economic, socio-cultural, institutional and ecological aspects of sustainable tourism increase, so do beliefs about the benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development in the PAN Park regions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 914			Serial	2579
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	Author	Newman, P.; Manning, R.E.; Fristrup, K.,
	Title	Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: an adaptive management approach in Muir Woods National monument, California			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	353-353
	Keywords	MMV4, Soundscapes, visitor-caused noise, adaptive management Muir Woods National Monument, national parks
	Abstract	Research in national parks has begun to address the issue of human-caused noise and its resource and social impacts. This paper reports the results of a study conducted in the summer of 2007 that tested the efficacy and acceptability of management actions designed to reduce visitor-caused noise The study used an experimental or “adaptive” management” approach designed to test the effectiveness of temporal and spatial zoning to protect natural quiet in Muir Woods National Monument, California, an old growth redwood forest. The adaptive management experiment consisted of two treatments and an associated control. During all three periods, visitorcaused noise was recorded at a fixed location in the park and a visitor survey was conducted. The first treatment tested the effectiveness of a spatial zoning approach by establishing a “quiet zone” in Cathedral Grove through a series of park signs. The second treatment tested the effectiveness of a temporal zoning approach by establishing “quiet days” throughout the park through a series of park signs. The control period included neither of these treatments. Study findings indicate that both the “quiet zone” and “quiet day” treatments were effective in lowering the level of visitor-caused noise in the park as measured during the control period, and that visitors were highly supportive of these management actions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1044			Serial	2643
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	Author	Saparbayev, S.K.; Woodward, D.B.,
	Title	Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as an indicator species and increasing recreation loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	511-515
	Keywords	MMV4, Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), Almaty Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan, ecotrail
	Abstract	The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard’s main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1114			Serial	2678
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	Author	Jodlowski, M.,
	Title	Climbing management in protected areas of southern Poland			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	484-484
	Keywords	MMV4, Rock climbing, climbing management, environmental impact, bolts, Southern Poland
	Abstract	Hundreds of rock cliffs and isolated rocks can be found in Southern Poland within upland, mid-mountain or high-mountain landscapes. Most of these sites are, to a various extent, protected by law – within national parks, landscape parks, nature reserves or nature monuments. They are major tourist attractions for visitors of the respective protected areas who generally do not interfere with cliffs ecosystems. This is not the case with climbing activities which remain a subject of an unremitting controversy.This work focuses on the analysis of the climbing management with respect to the assessment of the impact of climbing activities on cliff environment. Polish environmental law does not regulate climbing management, referring it to the competence of protected area managers. However, in the majority of protected areas management consists only in a total closure of some areas to any climbing activities. Trees have been frequently planted in the vicinity of rocks; rock surfaces on which climbing had been curtailed are now overgrown with mosses and herbaceous vegetation, while natural xerophyte and heliophyte communities have been destroyed. Resulting landscape changes largely decreased many geosites’ attractiveness not only for climbing but tourism in general. Only recently in some climbing areas trees and shrubs in the vicinity of cliffs have been cleared, however, frequently such actions are not previously consulted with reserve or national park managers. With the growing popularity of this type of qualified tourism, it is necessary to create a modern system of climbing management, based on environmental conservation. Conservation and management plans for protected areas should contain detailed regulations of access to particular geosites where climbing activities are to be allowed. Such regulations may impose seasonal closure of particular cliffs or parts of cliffs to climbing during bird nesting periods or closures due to protection of cliff plant communities. Specified should be the types of permitted climbing activities together with protection method. Finally, monitoring of climbing intensity and environmental impact should be carried out for sustainable tourism development
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1094			Serial	2668
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	Author	Figueiredo, E.,
	Title	Quiet struggles – conflicts between residents, visitors and protected and recreational areas’ administrations			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	26-32
	Keywords	MMV4, remote rural areas, rural protected and recreational areas, social conflicts, social perceptions
	Abstract	The paper aims to discuss the conflicting situations which can occur between residents, visitors and political and administrative entities in protected and recreational areas, particularly in the ones located in remote rural spaces. Rural areas (both legally protected and without protection status) are increasingly valued in contemporary societies as environmental reserves. Consequently rural areas are progressively perceived as amenities and as objects of consumption mainly by urban or non local populations. The visitors’ demands and consumptions of rural protected and recreational areas tend to prevail over the local populations’ needs and aspirations in terms of socioeconomic development. The non coincidence between the desired and the lived rural environment tends to create a number of conflicts among the various stakeholders. These areas tend to become the scenario for both latent and manifest struggles, considering the contradictory perceptions, needs, interests and desires held by the different social actors. Based on empirical evidence from some Portuguese rural protected and recreational areas we will debate not only the existence of two clearly contrasting visions, but also the consequences these can have in terms of future social and economic development and environmental protection strategies.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 890			Serial	2567
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	Author	Duke, D.; Quinn, M.,
	Title	Methodological considerations for using remote cameras to monitor the ecological effects of trails users: lessons from research in Western Canada			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	441-445
	Keywords	MMV4, Remote cameras, access management, monitoring methods, wildlife
	Abstract	The Livingstone River Area in southwestern Alberta, Canada is an ecologically significant area of public land that provides an important connection between adjacent protected areas. Most of the area is zoned for multiple use; which means the area is available for resource extraction and recreational activity. Recreational use in this area consists primarily of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, random access camping and fly fishing. Recreational use is largely unmanaged and increasing. The proliferation of trails and campsites has become extensive in the past decade. Furthermore, much of this activity is concentrated along critical riparian movement corridors and in sensitive montane, subalpine and alpine environments. Human use and associated linear disturbance is recognized as among the most significant habitat fragmentation factor limiting sensitive wildlife (especially large carnivores) in the region. We have developed a sampling method that employs remote digital infrared cameras on known human trails and wildlife trails. The cameras have proven to be very effective for monitoring all trail use. We provide a review of our methods, report on the effectiveness of the cameras and provide some guidance on the use of cameras based on the lessons we have learned.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1074			Serial	2658
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