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Author Simma, A.; Schlich, R.; Axhausen, K.W.,
Title Destination Choice Modelling of Leisure Trips: The Case of Switzerland Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 150-158
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract In this paper the destination choice of Swiss within Switzerland is analysed. Information about variables influencing destination choice for different activity should be the result of the modelling process. The analyses are based on three pillars. A detailed database for all Swiss municipalities is the first pillar, nation wide demand data the second pillar. Additionally a suitable method is necessary. Because destination choice is a choice between discrete alternatives, Multi-nominal Logit models are used. Models for three different activity types – skiing, climbing and hiking respectively walking and swimming are estimated. In all models the importance of the distance between origin and destination becomes visible.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 458 Serial 2292
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.,
Title GIS-based modeling of car-borne visits to Danish Forests Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 233-239
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Abstract Vector-based GIS is used as a basic for building a predictive model of car-borne recreational activities in Danish nature areas. Special attention is paid to the forests. The model takes its point of departure from frequencies of forest visits considering type of starting point (dwelling, summer house etc.), travel cost (into four time-bands) and three different nature types (forest, beach, and the remainder landscape). By means of linear regression statistics the model results are correlated with registered activities (number of cars in an extensive selection of parking lots in the nature). Further the effect of various local amenities – distance to the coasts, terrain form etc. – are evaluated. The work is part of the authors Ph.D.-thesis (Skov- Petersen, 2002).
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 482 Serial 2304
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Author Steiner, W.; Parz-Gollner, R.,
Title Actual Numbers and Effects of Recreational Disturbance on the Distribution and Behaviour of Greylag Geese (Anser Anser) in the “Neusiedler See – Seewinkel” Nationalpark Area Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 89-94
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract The Neusiedler See – Seewinkel National Park area is confronted with a remarkable increase in tourism and recreational activities during the last years. The „Koppel“ area, situated on the eastern shore of the lake, is one of the most important breeding sites for Greylag Geese. Behaviour and distribution of the geese on the breeding site as well as touristic activities on the adjacent road leading along the „Koppel“ were examined to investigate relations and interactions between the Greylag Goose population and tourism. Taking into account the excellent weather and breeding conditions in the year 2000 the results of the survey indicate a stable or even rising Greylag population, increasing numbers of visitors and high disturbance frequencies in the vicinity of the study area. The number of disturbances on the adjacent road seems to affect the suitability of the site in general, leading to a specific temporal and spatial distribution of the birds, whereas different disturbance qualities result in changes of the birds behaviour.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 440 Serial 2283
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A.,
Title Water Sports Activities and their Effects on the Avifauna of the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria – First Results Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 460-466
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Abstract Sustainable management of protected areas requires combining standardized ecological observations with quantitative data about the number of visitors and their behavior. Austria's Danube Floodplains National Park is a prime example for the importance of accommodating a high volume of recreational use with concerns about ecological integrity. Wetland ecology is of particular concern to park management. Within the scope of this study, boaters in the old branches of the Danube were observed en route and questioned when leaving the area. These observations provided quantitative data, such as the number of boaters, their spatio-temporal distribution and their behavior. At the same time, disturbances to water birds were inventoried using standardized ecological observation techniques. These observations were interlinked with visitor use data provided by a constant video recording of the recreational activity at the main entry point. Thus, data on the number and the temporal distribution of the boaters for the overall observation period was made available. The result of this study was, that through the simultaneous presence of different user groups, there is a permanent burden placed on the old branches by boaters, which scarcely permits rest for the avifauna.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 562 Serial 2344
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Author Stursa, J.,
Title Impacts of Tourism Load on the Mountain Environment (A Case Study of the Krkonoše Mountains National Park – the Czech Republic) Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 364-370
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract Krkonose Mountains (the Giant Mountains in Czech) as the highest mountains of the Czech Republic belong to the most visited middle-european mountains as they are well facilitated for both summer and winter outdoor recreation. More than 8 million visitors within a year means very serious tourism load on the mountain landscape and ecosystems. Primary impacts (e.g. disturbing plants and animals by trampling and noise, soil erosion or cummulation of rubish) together with secondary impacts of tourism development (a.g. arrising of accomodation capacity, impact on traditional landscape infrastructure by reebuilding of original small mountain chalets, nonsufficient disposal of waste, transport of allochtone organisms) create very cotraversional background for sustainable use of the mountains which are the oldest national park of the Czech Republic. Paper describes these impacts and suggests some forms of conflict solution between tourism development and statutes of the national park.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 524 Serial 2325
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Author Suchant, R.; Schäfer, A.,
Title Integrating Tourism and Grouse Habitat Protection in the Black Forest Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 95-101
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract This project illustrates methods for combining tourism and conservation. The project area of 8.000 hectares is a popular central European tourist attraction. It is also NATURA 2000 area and habitat of the hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia L.) and capercaille (Tetrao urogallus L.). Grouse species are used as indicators for environmental features such as diversity, natural character and beauty of the landscape. A catalogue of integrated actions was coordinated in a two-phase method based on detailed inventories of the landscape ecology, tourist use, the habitat and distribution of grouse species: The first step was to tune the measures for habitat improvement within a spatial concept with rest zones for wildlife in which silvicultural measures should improve habitat structures. The second step was coordination with local authorities and NGO’s to concentrate and improve the tourist infrastructure outside these rest zones. The result of the project (begun in 1998) has been a win-win-situation: improvement of habitat structures as well as improved offer for tourism. Conservation and the utilization of nature are no longer regarded as contradictory. The dynamic of a spatial concept based on scientific results allows all the various interest parties to work together. The project is supported by EU’s “LIFE-Nature” programme.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 442 Serial 2284
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Author Sumiyoshi, Y.; Uchiyama, K.,
Title Recent Trends of Park Use at Tokyo Metropolitan Area Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 284-289
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract Tokyo Metropolitan Government has studying its urban parks since 1982. Several parks are selected in each year, and the parks under study are increasing. The cost has already amounted more than 10 million yen. At 69 parks, the government counted the visitors’ number of the monitoring day and interviewed age of visitors, their way of access, purposes of visit, their impressions of the parks and the requirements of the park management. The results were totaled at each park category. The categories were: A, famous park well facilitated; B, city park with wide. grassy open space; C, sports parks; D, natural forest parks in hilly area; E, historic garden parks with admission; and F, small parks. The density of visitors ranged from 1-200 persons per hectare, and 80% of parks had a density below 50 persons per hectare. The inducement sphere, 80% of visitors accessible, was ranged from 1-50km; the widest radius was observed at the parks with admission and the park at the city center. A frequent arrival of the visitors was observed 1-2 p.m. and the exit was 2-3 p.m. at the historical gardens (E type). The parks, less than 20 hectare, showed the increase in visitor numbers in proportion to the park area. B type park showed the increase of residence time in relation to the park area. Congestion had a bipolar effect on visitors’ satisfaction: each park has its own comfortable visitor density.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 498 Serial 2312
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Author Tarbaeva, V.; Fomichyova, T.,
Title Development of Ecotourism in the Largest National Park “Yugyd va” Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 371-372
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract The National Park “Yugyd va”, Komi, Russia is used predominantly by the Russian population for summer and winter recreation purposes. The National Park (NP) organizes, plans and controls visitor flows. Management of visitor flows is directly and indirectly realized by the NP. The direct management includes functional zone division, normalizing recreation loads, law-enforcement activity. The indirect management includes regulation of visitors access in determined places of the NP because of complex and dangerous routes or specific objects organization of tourist infrastructure. Monitoring of visitor activities in the National Park is realized by short-term visitor observation and route registration. Organization of visitor flow is realized on the basis of agreement between the NP and tour operators. The NP regulates of tourism and recreation by restriction of moving the visitors on the NP area on the basis of permissible recreation loads.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 526 Serial 2326
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Author Tempesta, T.; Visintin, F.; Marangon, F.,
Title Ecotourism demand in North-East Italy Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 373-379
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract There are three regions in North-East Italy: Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige. These regions have highly differentiated environmental and natural features. In fact, in this small area we can find the biomes of the main European temperate zones. The environment is important because there are a large number of National and Regional Natural Parks, as well as small protected areas that many people visit every year. Since the nineties, the authors have been involved in research to examine and analyse ecotourism in North-East Italy. The main objectives were to: a) define a methodology that would quantify the recreational flow from the results of phone and in-person interviews, b) analyse ecotourism demand, socioeconomic visitor features, tourist facilities and economic flow. The statistical models study the number of visits through a travel cost method, and willingness to pay by means of contingent valuation methods. The findings have allowed us to fill the considerable information gap regarding ecotourism and the recreational use of the landscape. From the survey we have collected precise data on the economic and social importance of ecotourism, such as recreational benefit and expense flow.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 528 Serial 2327
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Author Uzun, A.; Yesil, A.; Ozsul, Z.,
Title The Planning of User Flows in Istanbul Groves for Sustainability in Natural Structure Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 290-295
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Abstract The greenness of Istanbul Bosphorus, except its natural vegetation, is gathered in its parks, gardens and groves. The greenness of the Bosphorus identifies itself with the groves that also have great monumental value. Today, in Istanbul, there is a great number of groves that belongs to either governmental or private institutions. Recently, these groves have experienced increasing pressure from the great number of visitors and their potential use. The latest inventories indicate that existing use patterns of the natural resources of groves affect the trees and plant diversity negatively. Overuse of specific sites causes damage to vegetation especially for exotic plant species that are rarely found in Istanbul. This paper is aimed to describe progress on a system that enables optimal dispersion of use patterns and sustainable use of the groves for future protection. The “User Inventory for Istanbul Groves” was developed to include periodic user observation and user survey in order to maintain groves effectively. For this reason, the computer technology is used as an evaluation tool for examining the user survey results and physical data of the groves that concentrate especially on Yildiz Grove. For the purpose of the study, Yildiz Grove is divided into different zones based on the physical conditions and potential use patterns of the grove and a system is developed that depends on sensitivity for usage.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 500 Serial 2313
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Author Van Der Donk, M.; Cottrell, S.,
Title Developing a Visitor Management Framework for WWF’s PAN Parks Project – Case Study of a National Park in France Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 320-327
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Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the visitor management planning process in progress at the Parc National du Mercantour in France. Park administration wishes to achieve World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s (WWF) designation as a PAN Park. Details concerning the development of a visitor management framework for WWF’s PAN Parks project will be given. Results will reflect practical aspects of Visitor Management Planning
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 510 Serial 2318
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Author Visschedijk, P.A.M.; Henkens, R.J.H.G.,
Title Recreation Monitoring at the Dutch Forest Service Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-67
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract In 1996 the former Institute for Forestry and Nature Research (now Alterra) started to develop a system to monitor the recreational use of forests and other grounds owned by the Dutch forest service. The aim was to determine the number of visitors, their activities and the percepted quality. This information provides a valuable management tool for targeting of resources. The system uses three methods to gather the information: 1. Monitoring vehicle and bicycle use at the sites by using traffic counters with induction loops installed in the road (all year round). 2. Visual counting of visitors at all entrances (on 12 days during the year). 3. Survey of visitors (on 12 days during the year). When the system is fully implemented their will be a network of 48 sites. All of these will be monitored by using this method once in every 10 years, on average 5 sites a year.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 430 Serial 2278
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Author Vistad, O.I.,
Title Visitors and Managers: Differing Evaluations Concerning Recreational Impacts and Preferences for Management Actions? Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 380-383
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract During the summer of 1999 tourists were interviewed along two important scenic roads in Norway. Later on managers in all Norwegian counties were asked some of the same questions. The questionnaire presented twelve photos of trails and paths in different conditions, and twelve potential management actions concerning minimizing or repairing impacts on the ground. The results show significant differences between the two groups in their evaluations of photos with comprehensive impacts and corduroy covered paths. The managers have a lower level of tolerance towards impact, and the visitors are more in favor of using corduroy. Almost all of the proposed management actions were also rated significantly different, but the two groups are still quite consistent in their overall rating patterns: Actions concerning information of visitors or shielding the resource are favored; using fees is unacceptable.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 530 Serial 2328
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Author Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G.,
Title Recreation in Urban Forests: Monitoring Specific User Groups and Identifying their Needs with Video and GIS-support Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 296-301
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract In the urban forest of Stuttgart the forest roads are used by a growing number of people looking for recreation for their leisure activities. To manage and channel the different user groups within an optimized forest road network needs a lot of information: Number and composition of visitors, demands of different user groups concerning standard of roads and trails they use for their activities, conflicts that may rise between different users using the same road at the same time, dedication of roads to special activities (e.g. fitness trail, hiking trail...). Personal interviews with “experts” were made to obtain information about the specific demands of the different user groups, a new method of video monitoring was used to collect longtime information about number and composition of visitors, and analysis of road network was done with the help of GIS. The results show that these tools complement one another quite well and the combination of obtained data may help to channel visitor flows and to minimize conflicts between different user groups
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 502 Serial 2314
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Author Weidinger, H.,
Title Recreational Forest Management: Sustainably Protecting and Improving the Recreational Function of the Vienna Woods Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 302-305
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Abstract
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 504 Serial 2315
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Author Weissen, A.; Götz, A.,
Title The Contribution of the Alpine Convention to Nature Conservation and Visitor Flows Management Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 407-411
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract The Alpine Convention, entered into force in March 1995, is an international treaty that obliges eight countries and the European Community to undertake specific measures for the protection of the natural and cultural heritage and for the sustainable development of the Alps, the largest and highest mountain region in Central Europe. One of the twelve Protocols for the implementation of the Convention is dedicated to “nature protection and countryside conservation”. It highlights the importance of protected areas and the necessity to manage human activities in order to reduce negative impacts and to guarantee biodiversity and natural processes.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 540 Serial 2333
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Author Yovel, E.; Hersperger, A.M.,
Title Reasonable Illusions: Participatory Planning and Protected Areas Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 412-416
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Abstract Popular images of protected areas are among the best known images in the world. They are composed in equal part of myth, hype and rare glimpses into incredible places. These images, of peaceful unchanging areas, disguise the bitter debate over the real purpose of protected areas, and our continually changing relationship with nature and wild places. The use of participatory approaches to plan and manage land, water, and conservation-based interventions is now well established. Today, few projects in natural resource management are funded unless they contain substantial components of community involvement. This is especially true in protected area development where participatory approaches form the entry point for working with local communities and user groups. Despite the increasing numbers of participatory initiatives, few initiatives remain uncontested or non-controversial. This paper offers seeks to suggest why the popular image, a reflection of social values and influences, is important to visitor management in protected areas as a unifying factor.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 542 Serial 2334
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Author Ziener, K.,
Title Types of Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 467-473
Keywords (down) MMV1
Abstract Conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation vary in their causes, development and impact as well as in the people or groups involved and finally in the strategies and methods of resolution. They are neither generally avoidable nor can they be solved in an absolute way. However, most of them can be moderated by communication and discussion. The conflicts in national parks or biosphere reserves do not develop independently of each other. Usually several conflicts exist at the same time, in the same region and maybe between the same people. Therefore strategies of park management should be directed not only to an isolated conflict alone but to the entire system of conflicts in the region. Predicting and examining conflicts can help to avoid or reduce severe conflicts. The typifying of conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation in national parks or biosphere reserves can be used to describe relations between conflicts and strategies of solutions.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 565 Serial 2345
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