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Author de Assis, L.; de Souza Pimentel, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Impacts of visitation on a trail evaluated through a combined methodology Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 420-422  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The objective of this article is to present and evaluate the impacts on Bananal Cove Trail (BCT) through different methods that consider its physical characteristics, as well as the visitors perceptions, seeking to identify the physical and social impacts in order to subsidize the management efforts.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4182  
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Author Efthimious, G.; Roussou, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A survey of visiting rat to National Parks of Greece Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 423-425  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Purpose of this research is to become an initial approach of trafficking in National Parks of Greece which are managed by a Management Body (MB). Our research was conducted from May to December 2017, by sending questionnaires to the M.B., to gather information for registered visitors to them for the period 2010-2016.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4183  
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Author Ellis, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Has cruise tourism puhsed marine ecosystems to the “tipping-point” of their physical-ecological carying capacity ? Perceptions of stakeholders Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 426-428  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Researchers have proposed several measures to address problems of this nature however, these studies have focused on developed countries and the approaches used have been specific to the terrestrial environment. Furthermore, environmental and cultural differences limit the applicability of these approaches to other jurisdictions and hence a modified approach adaptable to other environments is warranted. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a “carrying capacity framework” for managing cruise visitors in marine spaces in Small Island developing States (SIDS), where incomparable challenges are faced. This paper specifically presents the findings of the first phase of the research, in which a baseline study was conduct on one of the islands in the Caribbean.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4184  
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Author Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Optimizing the use of the Eco-counters tool. A case of study Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 429-432  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Reliable data on visitor numbers, and particularly how they are distributed in time and space across these areas are key aspects to balancing conservational and recreational use (sporting and tourist use) of protected areas (Cessford & Muhar, 2003). In this sense, the increasingly popular eco-counters are a good management tool. However, the evidence has shown that the correct analysis of the output data is more difficult than is commonly expected. The purpose of this presentation is to address the problems arising from the use of these eco-counters and to discuss a possible methodology to optimize the use of this tool.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4185  
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Author Gloaguen, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Preserve and manage Mercantour National Park using pedestrian data collection Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 433-435  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Mercantour National Park established a count data collection program more than ten years ago. Working with estimates was a first step towards a data-oriented management approach, but the need was bigger and lead to the development of a new count program a year ago. The goal was to be able to compare accurate, objective figures collected from automated counters with subjective user estimates on key trails in the area.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4186  
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Author Gstaettner, A.M.; Weiler, B.; Rodger, K.; Lee, D. pdf  url
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  Title Exploring responsability sharing between visitors and managers: Results of a Delphi study Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 436-439  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The management of visitor safety is multifaceted and complex, and ambiguity often exists in terms of whether and how much individual visitors share responsibility for their safety with park management authorities (Rickard 2012). In an effort to explore the perspectives of protected area managers, a qualitative study has been conducted to explore the concept of responsibility-sharing in recreational and protected areas in Australia. The study sought to answer questions such as: who shares responsibility for visitor safety in protected areas; why are responsibilities shared; and how may responsibility-sharing vary across different visitation contexts at different sites?  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4187  
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Author Ishiuchi, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A Study of Confort Evaluation using Brain Waves and Questionnaire Survey in Green Spaces CG Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 440-442  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Here we quantified the difference between the healing effect and the stress reduction effect due to the difference in green amount in the CG space using an inexpensive electroencephalogram (electroencephalogram or electroencephalogram) device. Our aim was to quantitatively verify the healing and stress-reduction effects of these spaces by using EEG measurement and a psychological analysis performed with a questionnaire survey.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4188  
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Author Kasama, S.; Matstuda, Y. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A study on the patterns of outdoor public spaces in tourist destinations that make the sight attractive Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 443-446  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract We are working on some research and analyses in order to clarify “factors” that make tourist destinations so attractive, from the viewpoint of outdoor public spaces or environments. By applying our future results, we aim at making it possible to analyze the attractiveness of each tourist destination and to propose effective methods to improve the attractiveness of the destination  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4189  
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Author Klein, D.; Turk, S.; Graf, C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Frequency of preschool childrens outdoor physical activity and relation to body mass index and motor performance Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 447-449  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The present study aims at the question, how frequent preschool children are physically active outdoors and if there are relations of the frequency being active outdoors to body mass index and motor performance.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4190  
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Author Kowalski, P.; Zielinski, M.; Pajak; M.; Nowicki, M.; Grzybowski, M.; Halecki, W. pdf  url
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  Title Risk factors associated with practicing mountainbiking on single-use bikepark trails Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 450-452  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The aim of the research is to verify if the long-term impact of MTB related to heavy-metal and hydrocarbons pollution is considerable and may require further investigation. Observing increase in demand for professionally established mountain cycling trails, we’ve asked questions concerning long-term impact of MTB on single-use trails. As most research focuses on macro-scale effects of MTB, such as soil erosion or habitat (plant and animal) disturbance, we decided to verify, if there’s any traits of accumulation of heavy metals from worn brake pads and discs and hydrocarbons from tyre rubber in trail surface.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4191  
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Author Markov, M.; Perisic, A.; Beljo, I.; Mecev, D.; Radic-Lakos, T.; Bracanov, V.; Malenica, I.; Zanze, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Can we predict visitors loyalty in protected areas ? The case of Kornati National Park Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 453-456  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The degree of tourists’ loyalty to a destination is reflected in their intentions to revisit the destination and in their recommendations to others, and thus, information about tourists’ loyalty is important to destination marketers and managers (Yoon and Uysal, 2005). Depending on temporal orientation, loyalty can be measured as past account or future prediction. When measured in future temporal manner, loyalty can be expressed as the likelihood to recommend, the likelihood to repurchase, or depending on the context, the likelihood to visit/repurchase from the retailer again. Understanding how satisfaction during a tourism-related service encounter develops and how it affects behavioural intention to return or to develop positive word of mouth is of substantial interest to managers and researchers  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4192  
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Author Massart, C.; George, E.; Jasse, M.; Bourdeau, P.; Gauchon, C.; Granet-Abisset, A.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title How do global change affect ski resorts and how do ski resorts adapt to global changes? General trends and local responses Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 457-459  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Climate change is now universally accepted. These phenomena could not leave indifferent the laboratory of excellence “Innovation and Mountain Territories” (LabEx ITEM), dedicated to the multidisciplinary study, in human and social sciences, of the issues which characterize the mountain territories. Several members of the LabEx have therefore wished to participate in the understanding of these complex upheavals by the publication of a collective book dedicated to the analysis of the pressures that affect the winter sports resorts and to the adaptation strategies that they deploy for answer to these pressures. This book also aims to fill three gaps identified in the academic production : a focus on climate change at the expense of global changes as a whole; the lack of studies dedicated to the adaptation strategies of ski resorts to global changes; a lack of study on emerging markets  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4193  
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Author Macik, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Renovation of the tourist trails in the Tatra Mountains Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 460  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Due to substantial transformations of the surface within tourist paths in the Western Tatras, the Tatra National Park performs a reclamation of degraded slopes. It is implemented under projects “Reduction of tourist pressure on habitats and species in the area of the Tatras” co-financed by the EU (started in 2013, 2017).  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4194  
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Author de Meira Albach, V.; Cardozo Moreira, J.; Burns, R.C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Methodological proposal for the analysis of the online reputation of protected areas Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 461-462  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract In order to analyze the online reputation of protected areas on the TripAdvisor website, and to identify visitor’s opinions regarding satisfaction, quality and experience, categories of analysis have been defined. Three main categories are suggested: Landscape, Services and Activities. These categories encompass key aspects of analysis, with the use of keywords  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4195  
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Author Peuziat, I.; Le Berre, I.; Minelli, A.; Le Corre, N. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational boating and visitors observations in MPAs: methodological approach and challenges Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 463-466  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The presentation aims (i) to present the main methods implemented for the spatial and dynamic analysis of water-based frequentation in marine protected areas in France, (ii) to share this experience in a critical way in order to improve the methods that allow for a more comprehensive assessment of nautical activities.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4196  
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Author Pinel, R.; Thian-Bo Moral, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Shark problematic issue in La Reunion : A sustainable monitoring of the sea territory? Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 467-469  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The object is to investigate the ecosystem and socio-system co-viability. To that extent, we focus on the monitoring of the coastal territory in La Reunion island, in the west Indian Ocean. In February 2011 began one meaningful environmental conflict in this island : the « shark crisis » (term use by the stakeholder groups). Several shark-human interactions occurred this year and have increased since. The « ordinary risk » of unexpected encounter with a squale has been built and became an « absolute risk » (Thiann-Bo Morel & Duret, 2013). Since, La Reunion island is known worldwide to be a “sharks island”...  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4197  
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Author Reif,U.; Rueede, D.; Petri, S.; Drossler, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Use of Mobile Data Application to Monitor Law Offense Cases at Black Forest National Park Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 470-472  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Here, we present a case study of Black Forest National Park in which we customized the application CyberTracker to collect data on law offense cases. With the rise of applications on mobile devices used by park rangers to track species in a protected area, the possibility arose to use such a tracking application also for visitor monitoring.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4198  
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Author Shimojima, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Estimation of the environmental load of mountaineering activities in the Mt Manaslu region Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 473-475  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract In this research, we aim to develop a system that can combine high resolution imagery and Digital Surface Model (DSM) in the base camp and simple monitoring into one method in order to estimate the environmental burden associated with the climbing activities in the Manaslu Base Camp. We performed aerial photography of the base camp using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) and created DSM from Structure from Motion (SfM) of the obtained images. At the same time, positioning data of the feature was acquired through a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey, and a 3D topographic map was created.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4199  
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Author Slabbert, L.; Moore, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Kruger National Park Bush Braai experiences – critical success factors, visitor preferences and willingness to pay Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 476-477  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract At the time of the research, future plans involved operating such a service from three gates in the south of the Park: Crocodile Bridge, Phabeni and Phalaborwa. A strong and clear market orientation is needed to advance consumer acceptance of a product perceived as ‘new’ by some tourists (Kirca, Jayachandran & Bearden, 2005), which lead the management of SANParks to request research to gauge visitors’ perceptions of an ideal Bush Braai experience to aid the product development and strengthen the existing product offerings run from the rest camps in the Park.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4200  
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Author Peric, B.; Sturm, S.; Cerkvenik, R.; Scuka, S.; Gabrovsek, F.; Sebela, S.; Mulec, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Managing visitor impacts on World Heritage Site Skocjan Caves, Slovenia Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 479-480  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Skocjan Caves is an exceptional natural site on a global scale, which is also used for tourism purposes. A balance between the two can only be provided by good knowledge of the natural characteristics of the cave and by specifying the permissible level of anthropogenic load. Our original interdisciplinary problem-solving approach can potentially influence the addressing of similar issues on a global scale.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4201  
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Author Taczanowska, K; Latosinka, B.; Czachs, C.; Hibner, J.; Muhar, A.; Brandeburg, C.; Rothert, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Toward standards for quantification of recreational use in forest areas – indicators and data collection tools applied by te State Forests National Forest Holding, Poland Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 481-483  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The objective of the study was to create the list of indicators and to define reliable tools that can be utilized for measuring recreation use. The main focus was placed at systematic quantification of visitor loads at recreational trails.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4202  
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Author Ursul, C.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Cahill, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Assessing recreational impact in a protected peri-urban park. The case of Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 484-486  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Using Collserola Natural Park as the study area, this research was set out with the aim of assessing the utility and effectiveness of a trail survey methodology in the evaluation of recreational impact in a peri-urban natural park. Collserola Natural Park is a protected Natura 2000 site covering over 8,000 ha of mostly Mediterranean pine and oak woodlands situated directly beside the city of Barcelona, in the centre of its corresponding metropolitan area with a nearby population of 3.2 million inhabitants, 43% of the population of Catalonia.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4203  
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Author Ruzicka, T.; Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Interpretation plan and visitor management policies in Czech PLAs Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 487  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (“NCA”) administrates 24 Protected Landscape Areas (“PLAs”). Management plans are being compiled for all the PLAs, but it is too large document for detailed planning in visitor management. First of all, interpretation plans were introduced in 2006 in connection to the House of Nature Programme (visitor centres in Czech PLAs, see Pešout et al. 2016). While Houses of Nature are one of measures how to interpret PLAs, PLA Interpretation Plans propose many other measures, e. g. web pages, guide service or another visitor infrastructure.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4204  
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Author Ludwig, T.; Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Interpret Europe – for all who use first-hand experiences to give natural or cultural heritage a deeper meaning Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 488  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Interpret Europe (“IE”) is dedicated to heritage interpretation. It is the most prominent task of heritage interpretation to support people in experiencing deeper meaning in heritage. In Yosemite Valley, nature conservationist John Muir reflected on wild nature. In 1871, he first coined the term ‘interpretation’ for becoming acquainted with natural heritage (Wolfe, 1978). To explain professional heritage interpretation, the interpretive triangle is used and the combination of four qualities is highlighted. The four key parameters: meaning, experience, participation and stewardship, describe what heritage interpretation is aiming for.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4205  
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Author Lehto, C.; Hedblom, M.; Ockinger, E.; Reinus, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title In search of a human habitat: using machine learning to explore the role of landscape characteristics in human outdoor recreation Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 32-33  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract As the importance of outdoor recreation increasingly has been recognized due to its positive effect on human well-being and health there has been a renewed focus on how to ensure that the natural and cultural landscape can produce sufficient recreational opportunities. This is especially true in urban environments, where high land use pressure due to urbanisation often has lead to the loss of green space. To ensure that the managed landscape can supply recreational opportunities requires an understanding of what landscape characteristics (such as type and composition of land cover, topology and heterogeneity) are drivers of different kinds of outdoor recreation. Previous research in the field has to a large degree focused on establishing preferences of different kinds of environments e.g. by showing people photo- graphs and asking questions (Gundersen and Frivold 2008); recently an increasing number of studies have been employing Public Participatory GIS-approaches to collect large amounts of data on human landscape usage (e.g Korpilo, Virtanen, and Lehvävirta (2017)). Still, most such studies are linked to specific areas (e.g. a single national park) or only looking at specific features (e.g. forest type, openness, heterogeneity).  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4211  
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Author Kohori, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Tamashima, Y., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitors awareness and behavior regarding donations for Mount Ibuki conservation: A comparative study between climbers and car users Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 34-35  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Resource managers seek to protect both visitor experiences as well as natural and cultural resources. There are three main categories of income for the management of conservation resources: societal taxes, toll road charges, and donations. However, donations are less contributive in most cases (Eagles, 2009). In Japan, there are a few compulsory collection systems, and most of them are based on voluntary donations. This study investigated the aware- ness and behavior of visitors with respect to donations for Mount Ibuki conservation and compared them between climbers and car users.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4212  
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Author Saga, A.; Aikoh, Y.; Hayasaka, S.; Ito, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Risk communication as a measure to develop adventure tourism in Ja… Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 36-37  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The global market for adventure tourism (AT) was steadily growing before the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020. The market is expected to recover most quickly in the tourism arena because AT is realized as small group tours in amidst nature. Adventure tourism was in fact introduced in Japan several years ago. This study introduces the reason that AT has not been included in commercial tourism and seeks a way to develop AT in Japan. To realize this, risk communication is examined through a case study that focuses on hiking.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4213  
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Author Dehez, J.; Lyser, S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Comparing participation in different invasive aquatic plant management programs among recreational users of freshwater lakes in southwest France Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 38-39  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Alien species can have major ecological and socioec- onomic impacts and so effective management are needed. In this perspective, one increasingly seeks to involve end users, such a recreational users (Shackle- ton, Adriaens et al. 2019). Recreational users may share valuable knowledge about the ecological eco- systems at stake. They have time, materials and money to afford. In the literature, several studies have looked at factors that increase user involve- ment highlighting the effect of variables such as e.g. perceptions, information, or education. Neverthe- less, these behaviors are often studied separately or, conversely, grouped into a single category called “pro-environmental behaviors” (Halpenny 2010). Without excluding the possibility of common factors affecting these behaviors, we consider that behav- iors are not necessarily homogeneous. In particular, the nature of the operations to be carried out may be very important (Niemiec, Ardoin et al. 2017, Pa- gès, Fischer et al. 2019). This is what we study in de- tail in this paper.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4214  
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Author Radakovitz, K.; Taczanowska, K.; Brendenburg, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational use vs nature protection in mountain protected areas – a case study of the Rax area, Vienna Alps, Austria Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 40-40  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The Rax mountain is a popular leisure and recreation area in the eastern part of Austria. In this region mountaineering has a long tradition and the area is used by a lot of visitors for different kinds of leisure time activities during the summer and winter months. The Rax mountain not only has a particular importance to leisure and recreation, due to the advantageous geological conditions it belongs to the watershed of the First Vienna Spring Water Main and therefore the Rax is declared as a water protection area. To enable the interests of leisure and nature conservation equally as well as to ensure the high grade of water quality, profound knowledge of visitors sociodemographic structures, individual behavior and the spatial distribution is crucial.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4215  
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Author Kojima, S.; Kurita, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Management and restoration with visitors on Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 42-42  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Management and conservation of Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths is getting more important in order to restore its historical way of pilgrim on foot as well as the new way of pilgrimage by car or bicycle. Au- thors investigated the present situation of 1,200km- long pilgrimage with 88 temples in Shikoku Island passing through several national parks and protected areas, which is proposed to be listed as an UNESCO World Heritage (cultural heritage) site.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4216  
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Author Kim, J.; Lee, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Do the participants truly prefer an outdoor education? – A study on indoor forest education online programs in the COVID-19 era Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 44-45  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract COVID-19 pandemic and the Social distancing, there have been inevitable changes in Koreas Forest education program that usually provided face-to-face interaction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in forest education programs during COVID-19 and determine the effectiveness of forest services in the online communication environment, which have not been experienced before. The real-time 2 hours online programs were developed and implemented by nationally certified 30 forest education experts from August 8 to October 31, 2020. Program participants communicated with forest education experts through online screens and chats, and 4202 people in total participated in 100 different programs were surveyed and analyzed. Participants could join in the broadcast with the link sent by the project institute. The programs were classified totally by educational method(Figure 1a), topic(Figure 1b), environmental characteristics of the venue, and geographic location. The forest education experts behavior and participants responses were followed up simultaneously, and the satisfaction levels were analyzed after completion of the programs. According to the study, three types of the method by only voice(58.0%), alone(12.0%), more than one person(30.0%) showed up. With regard to the topic of program development, mainly included somewhat passive programs such as walking(37.6%) and eco-crafts(20.5%). Parks(31.2%) and forests(28.6%) were preferred as venues, and the majority of the programs were conducted at the outskirts of cities(62.9%). The interview for the satisfaction revealed that the forest interpreters were dissatisfied with dealing with excessive amounts of the program running time for 2 hours. The participants were not happy with the quality of the broadcasts image, and the project institute experienced technical issues with the transmission of the broadcast network. However, under the limited conditions because of the COVID-19, the participants were able to experience the natural scenery, and the forest interpreters had the opportunity to proceed online programs were answered positively. In conclusion, the capabilities of forest interpreters and types of program content provided in the offline era have evolved to provide high-quality video and broadcast content in the current era of online communication. It was concluded that changes are essential to meet the increased demand for online forest education programs. Further research in on-line forest programs should develop and confirm these initial findings by revealing the effectiveness of each programs.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4217  
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Author Irwin, J.; Morrison, C.; Castley, G.; Pickering, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title People engaging with biodiversity in urban parks: insights from citizen science and social media for birds Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 46-47  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Bird watching, or avitourism, is both a highly popular form of nature-based tourism as well as a recreation activity undertaken by hundreds of thousands of people, including in Australia (Lopez et al., 2020; Steven et al., 2015). Many people engaging in bird watching do so in their local area, and as a result bird watching is a popular pastime in many urban parks and other green spaces in cities. These often smaller and fragmented spaces are (i) easy to access and popular places for people to visit regularly, and (ii) able to support relatively high levels of biodiversity in otherwise low diversity urban landscapes (Catterall et al., 2010). Monitoring where people engage with nature in cities including bird watching can be challenging due to the diversity of locations and multiple ways people access and traverse them. Surveys and other methods have been used to assess the popularity of bird watching and other activities in urban parks and more broadly (Pickering et al., 2020). Recently researchers have started to utilize citizen science and social media records of birds as a way to assess where people engage with nature including in cities (Lopez et al., 2020). Here we compare two sources of data – the popular citizen science app/website iNaturalist, and images posted to the social media platform Flickr to assess how such data could be used to understand where people are bird watching. We use the large subtropical city of Bris- bane, Australia as a case study as it contains high bird diversity, many urban parks, bird watching is popular (Catterall et al., 2010) and there are hundreds of geolocated records associated with images of birds available on the two platforms for the city.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4218  
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Author Schagner, J. P.; Spenceley, A.; Engels, B.; Berkkonen, J.; Job, H.; Kajala, L.; Majewski, L.; Metzler, D.; Mayer, M.; Rylance, A.; Scheder, N.; Smith-Christensen, C.; Souza, T. B.; Thomas, C. C.; Woltering, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A new guideline: “Visitors count! Guidance for protected areas on the economic analysis of visitation” Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 48-49  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract This paper introduces a guideline: “Visitors count! Guidance for protected areas on the economic analysis of visitation”[i] published by by German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) and UNESCO. The guideline aims at providing all knowledge needed for measuring economic impacts of tourism in protected areas (PA). The objectives are to provide essential knowledge about:• How to evaluate economic effects of tourism in PAs;• How to do visitor counting;• How to do visitor surveys;• How economic analysis works, and how to do it;• How to best report and communicate findings and• How to use findings for establishing sustainable PA tourism management strategies.The guideline targets PA managers, their respective natural and cultural heritage agencies, practitioners, academia, consultancies, international stakeholders and donor agencies. It is currently translated into a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Within a series of online webinars over several months participants will acquire all relevant knowledge to conduct PA tourism economic impact assessment and a successful final exam will be certified.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4219  
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Author Sitarz, M.; Krol, M.; Kauzal, P., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring of tourist traffic during the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic in the Tatra Na tional Park, Poland Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 50-51  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The Tatra National Park is the fifth largest national park in Poland with the area of 211 km2. Any kind of human activities is limited to the 275 km of tourist trails and specially designed areas for hiking, skiing or climbing. Over the years the total number of tourist visiting the park has been gradually growing. However in 2020 with the outbreak of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic it might seemed that the total number of tourists could decrease due to the temporary restrictions of traveling to the other cities and closure of hotels, guesthouses and restaurants. The borders were also temporary closed. For short period of time even the Tatra National Park was closed, at the beginning only for tourists outside Zakopane and surrounding villages but later also for local residents. The aim of this research is to present the observation of tourist traffic in 2020 during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic and comparison to the year 2019.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4220  
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Author Kajikawa, M.; Miyasaka, T.; Kubota, Y.; Oba, A.; Miyasaja, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Quantifying nationality bias in data from different social media platforms for visitor monitoring in Nikko National Park, Japan Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 52-53  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Nature-based tourism in protected areas has grown worldwide in recent years, but excessive use of natural areas can result in their degradation or loss. Visitor management should be based on proper monitoring data to achieve quality experiences for visitors without damaging nature resources. Visitor data are typically collected through field surveys, but budget and human resource constraints can limit the spatiotemporal resolution of survey data. Geotagged photos and messages posted on social media by visitors have attracted attention as useful sources of information with high spatiotemporal resolution. Previous studies, however, have raised concerns that biases in social media data arising from the sociodemographic attributes of posters can create challenges in determining who and what the social media data represent, and in interpreting this data in a reliable way. The present study focused on nationality bias, i.e., differences between the nationality of actual visitors versus the nationality of those visitors who post on social media. Nationality bias can arise due to significant differences in the use of social media from country to country (including the proportion of the population using social media). Cultural and values differences between countries can also greatly influence visitor behavior, and these gaps may lead to over- or under-estimation of visitors from specific countries or regions. However, nationality bias is not fully understood because few studies have explicitly considered it until now (e.g., Heikinheimo et al., 2017; Sinclair et al., 2020). In addition, the previous studies were confined to protected areas where the majority of visitors were from Europe.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4221  
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Author Gomes, P.; Moura, M.; Mendes, R. N., Ventura, M. A., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Did low-cost companies in the Azores provided an increase in the practice of recreational activities in nature? – Trail Running and Geocaching in São Miguel Island as a case-study Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 54-55  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Natural landscapes are among the greatest tourist attractions all over the world. Nature is a way to re-gain energies from the stress experienced in urban areas. In the Azores archipelago, the nature-based tourism is one of the main touristic products of the islands, according to the Strategic and Marketing Plan for Tourism in the Azores. The liberalization of the Azorean airspace in 2015 to low-cost airlines, helped to boost the tourism industry in the archipelago, with a focus on nature-based activities such as nature sports and adventure events (e.g. MTB and Trail Running epic races). Other landscape outdoor activities such as Geocaching have also developed, the latter reaching about 2000 geocaches placed in many touristic locations of the islands. Here we analyzed two nature sports, Trail Running, a pedestrian run performed on trails in natural areas, with one of the essential elements of this race being the practitioners approach to nature; and Geocaching, which is a treasure hunt of modern times, practiced all over the world, where all it takes is a spirit of adventure and equipment with a GPS receiver, using the coordinates to provide hidden containers (geocaches) and share the experience of your online adventure.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4222  
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Author Sitarz, M.; Kauzal, P.; Kot, M.; Krol, M.; Matysek, M.; Rabiasz, J.; Zieba, A.; Kozica, T. Z., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Sewage management in remote protected areas: high mountain challenge Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 58-69  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Protected areas around the world have to deal with the problem of tourist pressure. Providing access to the most valuable natural areas has a great impact on the environment. This task is especially difficult in the core zones of the protected areas which are remote and far from the urbanized zones. One of the many identified threats associated with the intense tourist traffic is sewage pollution (Lebersorger et al. 2010, Weissenbacher 2008, Andreottola 2003). In the Tatra National Park the problem of sewage pollution becomes more and more crucial over the years. The reason of that is gradually rising number of tourists (almost 4 million of tourists in 2019 and 2020) who visit not only tourist trails and other specially dedicated areas but also trespassing the fragile natural habitats. In mountain shelters, located in the core zone and mostly in remote areas generally biological wastewater treatment plants are used, which very often hardly deal with the enormous amount of sewage. What is more faecal contamination occurs also nearby the tourist trails. As a result this situation is causing pressure on the nature, including the pollution of streams and ponds. Around the world there are many different solutions regarding the sewage management. The aim of this research is to gather and analyse these solutions in order to recommend the best options for the protected areas, especially remote.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4224  
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Author Bourdeau, P.; Chanteloup, L.; Civiaz, C.; Langenbacj, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Mountain huts as observatories of tourism transition Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 60-61  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract In the face of the cumulative effects of climate and societal changes, mountain touristic development is currently experiencing a strong adaptive injunction of mountain tourism destinations. Alpine tourism development model based on seasonal snow resources and winter sports resorts is subject to uncertainties and weaknesses that brought it to a tipping point (Bourdeau, 2007; Clivaz & al., 2015). These call into question existing economic balances, territorial dynamics and mountain policies. In this tipping phenomenon, climate change acts as an amplifier and accelerator of structural contradictions, especially as its multiple effects combine themselves with societal, socio-cultural and technological changes. In this context, tourism is faced with a major transitional challenge having both spatial and temporal characteristics. This structural redefinition of the foundations of mountain tourism suffers from a major lack of knowledge on the governance and visitor flows of less-developed mountain areas. What is at stake is a transition trajectory based on a territorial rebalancing between less-developed mountain areas and developed mountain areas, which appears particularly strategic on the scale of the Swiss and French Alps. In this presentation we will present a French-Swiss research project called Mountain huts as observatories of the tourism transition. The repositioning of less-developed mountain areas and their related professions in the French-Swiss Alps (HutObsTour).  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4225  
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Author Shimazaki, Y.; Crowley, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title What do website review activities imply about natural park users? Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 62-63  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Information-provision is a low-cost way of potentially affecting levels of park use. Providing information about amenities at various parks, along with information on current conditions can affect users choices of where to visit [Shimazaki and Crowley (2014)]. This is similar to how profit maximizing firms provide information (often as advertisements) to attract consumers. However, this tool may not always be used effectively by non-profit-maximizing park managers. Shimazaki et al. (2017) quantified the amount of information available on Japanese national park web sites created by the government managing authority, and investigated the relationship between information and the degree of national park use. They found that the amount of information posted on the authoritys web site is not related to the park visitation. Some internet services provide a platform to exchange information. Social network services allow users to transmit information not only among people with which the user has an established relationship, but also more widely, among people with no previous contact. Other internet services are specially designed to allow people to post public reviews of what they purchased or experienced.Such information on the internet often reflects peoples preferences, based on what they find worth mentioning, providing an indication of their underlying utility functions. For non-marketed goods like public goods and common resources, uncovering the factors affecting peoples perceived quality of experience is crucial for the management of resources. In this study, we investigate what information are park users are transmitting, focusing on subjective information such as user reviews from internet travel services. We also investigate the correlation between the number of review activities and the official visitor counts of parks to see if review activities can be used for estimating the number of park visits. The results of this study would help park management authorities seeking to optimize park user experiences, for example through information provision.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4226  
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Author Machida, R.; Aikoh, T.; Take, M.; Matsushima, H.; Yasushi, S.; Mikami, N.; Mitarai, Y., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Volunteer activities for semi-natural grassland conservation in Japan and the impact of COVID-19 on these activities Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 64-65  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The changes in the landscape are caused by the economic and social forces of the early 19th century and particularly of the 20th century (Matej M., Frantisek P., 2013). The community of Nezasa (Pleioblastus yoshidake) and Susuki (Miscanthus sinensis) plants forming the typical semi-natural grasslands of Japan used to cover approximately 10% of the land of Japan until the 1930s. The semi-natural grasslands have been managed by local agricultural activities such as controlled burning, mowing and pasturage for over 1000 years, but recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue. In the Second National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan, the Japanese government designated such landscape crisis as Crisis 2, which is “the degradation of Satochi-satoyama (rural landscapes formed by sustainable use of natural resources) due to insufficient level of management”.(Ministry of the Environment, 2012). But recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue.  
  Call Number (up) Serial 4227  
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