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Author Wilkins, E., De Urioste-Stone, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational activities, place attachment, and intended future visitation under climate change conditions Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 360-362  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Climate is changing globally, bringing increasing average temperatures, more precipitation, and more extreme weather events. This is already impacting where visitors’ travel, and will likely continue altering visitors’ destination selection and behavior in the future (Gossling et al. 2012). Previous studies have shown place attachment is an indicator of future visitation to an area (Ednie, Daigle & Leahy 2010). Place attachment describes how bonded people are to a particular location, both emotionally and cognitively (Altman and Low 1992). Additionally, visitor’s attachment to a place can alter their perceptions and behavior, making place attachment important to understand for visitor management (Kyle, Absher&Graefe 2003). This study aims to investigate the relationships between recreational activities participated in, place attachment, and intended future visitation under differing weather and environmental conditions resulting from climate change.  
  Call Number Serial 3973  
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Author Teles da Mota, V.; Pickering, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Mapping visitation across thousands of kilometres of beaches using social media data Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 174-175  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Coastal areas are very popular worldwide, providing a range of important ecosystem services. Tourism and recreation are within those services, with beach tourism popular in a range of areas including the Mediterranean, east and west coast of the USA, Latin America and Australia. Assessing tourists to beaches including who visits, when and where and what they value is important for tourism and coastal managers, including to better allocate facilities and resources and for tourism campaigns. Traditional methods such as direct observations, track counters, and surveys have been used to gather such data, but with some limitations (Veal, 2018). In an attempt to complement traditional methods, metadata of posts on social media platforms have been increasingly used by researchers to assess visitation to natural areas (Ghermandi & Sinclair, 2019; Teles da Mota & Pickering, 2020), as it is often free and easy to use, and provide large amounts of user generated content. Beaches, although very popular for tourism, are only now being assessed using geolocated data from social media. This talk presents preliminary results of a comparison of temporal and spatial patterns of beach use at a regional scale, using Flickr images metadata. Specifically, it assesses: (1) who visits beaches, including locals, other nationals and international tourists, and (2) temporal and (3) spatial patterns of beach use along the whole 2,101 km coastline of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, including Sydney, the largest city in Australia with internationally renowned beaches including Bondi and Manly.  
  Call Number Serial 4278  
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Author Lia, E.; Wood, S.; Winder, S.; Miller, L.; White, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Community science supported recreation data using a SMS chatbot Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 278-278  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Collecting data on visitors demographics, their experiences, and general use patterns at recreation sites, such as trails, requires significant effort and resources. Despite this information being highly valuable to recreation planners for decision-making, there is often a scarcity of data at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales. To address this data gap, we developed a community science method, VisitorsCount!, to engage visitors in the data collection process. Visitors provide information about their recreation trip by interacting with a simple text-messaging chabot. This method allows visitors to submit data on recreation use and visitor experience with no prior training. We tested this method in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington State, USA.  
  Call Number Serial 4324  
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Author Roberts, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title An audience based approach to communication intervention Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 502-504  
  Keywords MMV4, Audience-based communication, Codes of conduct, Recreational impacts  
  Abstract (up) Communication Interventions (CIs) are often used by the environmental and outdoor sectors to try to manage and mitigate the impacts of recreation. This research audited the CIs currently being used in Wales, reviewed the process of creating them and explored the way that audiences gather and responded to advice, instruction and guidance. It found that currently most CIs are too narrow in their delivery and do not consider behaviour change sufficiently, tending to over focus on the message. The study recommends that CIs should utilise a broad range of integrated media, linked, if possible, to direct ‘points of contact’. A guide to creating effective audience based CIs is being developed using the results and recommendations.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1108 Serial 2675  
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Author Hibner, J., Taczanowska, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Segmentation of alpine downhill skiers and snowboarders in mountain protected areas based on motivation factors: a comparison between two skiing areas: Kasprowy Wierch area (TPN, Poland) and Skalnaté Pleso area (TANAP, Slovakia). Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 366-368  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Comprehensive knowledge about visitor socio-demographic characteristics, combined with visitor motivations and preferences is necessary for successful visitor management in recreational and protected areas (Cessford & Muhar 2003). Visitor profiles based on motivational factors may support design of targeted tourist offer and communication between the management of protected areas and tourists (Konu & Kajala 2012). The main aim of this study is to segment downhill skiers and snowboarders of two ski resorts located in the Tatra National Parks (TPN in Poland and TANAP in Slovakia) based on visitor motivations.  
  Call Number Serial 3975  
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Author Claeys, C.; Deldreve, V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Outdoor, Conservation and environmental inequalities Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 2-3  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Concerning this double challenge of nature protection versus social equity, this article proposes an analysis in terms of environmental inequalities. The concept of environmental inequalities gathers different forms of unequal access to resources and natural amenities, exposure to risk, environmental impact, ability to participate in and reap the benefits of environmental policies, and contribution to the effort required by these policies  
  Call Number Serial 4037  
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Author Ziener, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Types of Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 467-473  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation vary in their causes, development and impact as well as in the people or groups involved and finally in the strategies and methods of resolution. They are neither generally avoidable nor can they be solved in an absolute way. However, most of them can be moderated by communication and discussion. The conflicts in national parks or biosphere reserves do not develop independently of each other. Usually several conflicts exist at the same time, in the same region and maybe between the same people. Therefore strategies of park management should be directed not only to an isolated conflict alone but to the entire system of conflicts in the region. Predicting and examining conflicts can help to avoid or reduce severe conflicts. The typifying of conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation in national parks or biosphere reserves can be used to describe relations between conflicts and strategies of solutions.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 565 Serial 2345  
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Author Pesout, P., Soltysova, L., Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature Houses in the Czech Republic Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 214-215  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Conservation of nature and landscape is not possible without support of wide public. Most of large protected areas in the Czech Republic are traditional tourism destinations and are hugely visited. Oversize and just a little regulated tourism causes some negative impacts. Reduction of such impacts is managed through construction of high-quality and targeted visitor infrastructure and services leading to regulation of visitation and building positive relationships between nature conservation and visitors. Construction, running and care of visitor infrastructure and work with visitors directly in the field are ones of the most important ways of public relations (PEŠOUT, ŠULOVÁ & LICEK, 2014). The Nature House programme becomes the most demanding and key part of the visitor infrastructure system. Visitor centres (Nature Houses) and information centres in protected landscape areas are being constructed within the programme. The programme started in 2006 and since then it was designed on principles of PPP projects (Public Private Partnership). It is a partnership programme realised always in co-operation with municipalities, businessmen, NGOs, land owners and other regional stakeholders.  
  Call Number Serial 3926  
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Author Yamaki, K.; Shoji, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Classification of trail settings in an alpine national park using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 318-323  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) Considering trail settings in alpine national parks is important for both conserving nature and maximizing the quality of the experience for visitors. This study examines classifying trails in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from park visitors concerning their preferences for the facility developments, accessibility, and visitor encounters. The responses were classified into four groups according to the preferences expressed for the types of trail settings. The trails were classified according to their characteristics as described by park visitors. The northern part of the park, with easier access and moderate development, was preferred by all groups, and the southern part of the park was preferred only by the those who favored more primitive surroundings.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 314 Serial 2365  
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Author Konu, H.; Tyrvainen, L., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Tourism firms perceptions on payments for ecosystem services model – Case: Landscape and Recreation Value Trade Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 150-151  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Countries with abundant natural environments have recently attracted growing number of tourists motivated mainly by the variety of nature-based activities and attractions. The nature is the core resource in nature-based tourism and hence quality of nature as well as its accessibility are essential for service providers (e.g. Fredman & Tyrväinen, 2010). Although tourism industry benefits directly or indirectly from nature and landscape conservation, it is not usually actively engaged in or contributing to these targets. One reason for this is the lack of diverse incentives and models that enable the contribution easily (Konu & Tyrväinen, 2020). Therefore, new instruments, such as Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) models, are needed in nature-based tourism areas to secure the natural environments and enhance the quality of forest landscapes (e.g. Tyrväinen et al. 2014, Mäntymaa et al., 2019). The PES policies compensate communities or individuals for taking actions that support and increase the provision of ecosystem services (Jack et al., 2008). It is noted that to be efficient and generally accepted a PES scheme should be both socially and environmentally robust and fulfil the needs of stakeholders involved (Reed et al., 2017). Hence the participatory approach and mapping stakeholder perceptions have a central role in developing PES models. This case study introduces a tourism-related PES model that will be funded by tourism sector to support landscape and recreational values of forests in Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area in northern Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 4267  
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Author Williams, S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The impact of Covid 19 on outdoor recreation in the UK: benefits and challenges Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 86-87  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Covid 19 has had a significant impact in the UK and has resulted in substantial changes to participation in outdoor recreation. A sequence of lockdowns where people were limited to stay at home regulations within their local area, followed by the re-opening of travel and activities in the late summer of 2020, have affected the places that people visit and the activities that they can do. In terms of outdoor recreation, Covid 19 restrictions have ranged from being limited to one short walk per day directly from home for the express purpose of exercise, to tourism visits to anywhere in the UK to undertake the full range of possible outdoor activities within larger groups. In between these two opposites has been a variable number of greater or lesser restrictions on outdoor recreation and travel. In order to understand the effect of Covid 19 on participation in outdoor recreation and associated land management issues, a number of robust social surveys and case studies have been undertaken by government agencies and academics across the UK. Many of these have been collecting evidence on a regular basis since the start of the pandemic and they provide a valuable resource to understand the impact of this societal wide change.  
  Call Number Serial 4237  
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Author Bhadury, M.; English, D., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The effect of COVID-19 on visitation to US forest service wilderness Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 96-97  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) COVID-19 affected multiple aspects of human behavior in the United States, including choices for outdoor recreation. State-level stay-at-home orders were enacted across most of the country during spring and early summer of 2020. Access to many indoor leisure activities and settings was restricted; outdoor recreation was promoted as a safer alternative, notably in dispersed forested settings to ensure social distancing.Wilderness may have been perceived as especially safe in that it epitomizes uncrowded and natural outdoor settings. Using data from the Forest Services National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program, we examine the impact of Covid-19 on visitation volume to Forest Service Wilderness.NVUM results estimated about 9 million visits to Wilderness in fiscal year 2019. The estimate for 2020 was just over 16 million visits. Nearly all the increased visitation occurred from May through September, the last 5 months of the fiscal year.  
  Call Number Serial 4242  
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Author Kim, J.; Lee, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Do the participants truly prefer an outdoor education? – A study on indoor forest education online programs in the COVID-19 era Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 44-45  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) COVID-19 pandemic and the Social distancing, there have been inevitable changes in Koreas Forest education program that usually provided face-to-face interaction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in forest education programs during COVID-19 and determine the effectiveness of forest services in the online communication environment, which have not been experienced before. The real-time 2 hours online programs were developed and implemented by nationally certified 30 forest education experts from August 8 to October 31, 2020. Program participants communicated with forest education experts through online screens and chats, and 4202 people in total participated in 100 different programs were surveyed and analyzed. Participants could join in the broadcast with the link sent by the project institute. The programs were classified totally by educational method(Figure 1a), topic(Figure 1b), environmental characteristics of the venue, and geographic location. The forest education experts behavior and participants responses were followed up simultaneously, and the satisfaction levels were analyzed after completion of the programs. According to the study, three types of the method by only voice(58.0%), alone(12.0%), more than one person(30.0%) showed up. With regard to the topic of program development, mainly included somewhat passive programs such as walking(37.6%) and eco-crafts(20.5%). Parks(31.2%) and forests(28.6%) were preferred as venues, and the majority of the programs were conducted at the outskirts of cities(62.9%). The interview for the satisfaction revealed that the forest interpreters were dissatisfied with dealing with excessive amounts of the program running time for 2 hours. The participants were not happy with the quality of the broadcasts image, and the project institute experienced technical issues with the transmission of the broadcast network. However, under the limited conditions because of the COVID-19, the participants were able to experience the natural scenery, and the forest interpreters had the opportunity to proceed online programs were answered positively. In conclusion, the capabilities of forest interpreters and types of program content provided in the offline era have evolved to provide high-quality video and broadcast content in the current era of online communication. It was concluded that changes are essential to meet the increased demand for online forest education programs. Further research in on-line forest programs should develop and confirm these initial findings by revealing the effectiveness of each programs.  
  Call Number Serial 4217  
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Author Ljustina, M., Opacic, B., Vitas, B., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitor Management and Monitoring in Croatian Protected Areas Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 13-15  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Croatian protected areas (PAs), especially national and nature parks are often emphasised as main natural attractions in Croatia. Green Tourism Action Plan sees Croatia as a leader of tourism based on natural heritage and sets several goals for development of sustainable tourist offer within and around PAs (Ministry of tourism, 2016). In addition, different projects on national level have goals to develop tourist offer and marketing of PAs focusing primarily on nature and national parks. In recent years there is also a raise of funds available for PA visitor infrastructure, although many already have educational trails, info centres etc. Even though some PAs have high and some low numbers of visitors, most national parks, with oscillations, show growth (SINP, 2014). Since, there is a growing interest for visiting protected areas globally (IUCN, 2015), we could ask ourselves are we prepared to manage visitation?  
  Call Number Serial 3862  
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Author Kim, H.; Ito, R.; Shoji, Y.; Aikoh, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Evaluation of crowding acceptability in national recreation area using field and web-based surveys: A case study in Shiretoko World Heritage site Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 194-195  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Crowding management is an important issue in the field of natural recreation. Our study site at Shiretoko National Park is one of Japans most popular natural recreation areas, visited by over 1 million visitors every year. Particularly in the summer season, many visitors want to observe bears, causing crowding problems. To solve these crowding issues, it is essential to determine the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas. To this end, investigating visitors crowding perceptions (crowding norms) is necessary. There are various approaches to measuring visitors crowding norms. More recently, visual approaches have been widely applied. This approach enables the identification of respondents crowding norms by asking them to identify the most acceptable level of crowding using photographs or illustrations (Manning & Freimund, 2004). As this approach uses photographs or illustrations, respondents can visibly recognize and recall the places in question (Manning & Freimund, 2004). Many studies investigating visitors crowding norms have been conducted using field and web- based surveys. However, researchers have given limited attention to explaining how crowding norms differ between fields and potential visitors. When determining the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas, it is necessary to consider both visitor types crowding norms; this paper investigates these, providing suggestions for determining the appropriate carrying capacity.  
  Call Number Serial 4287  
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Author Wilkins, E. J.; Chikamoto, Y.; Miller, A. B.; Smith, J. W., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Climate change and the demand for recreational ecosystem services on public lands in the United States Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 366-367  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Cultural ecosystem services represent nonmaterial benefits people derive from the environment; these benefits include outdoor recreation opportunities (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). Changes in climatic conditions are likely to shift the spatial and temporal demand for recreational ecosystem services. Climate change has already expanded the length of the peak visitation season for some public lands (Buckley & Foushee, 2012; Monahan et al., 2016), and is expected to change total visitation at nearly all U.S. National Parks (Fisichelli et al., 2015). However, the effects of climate change on visitation to public lands may vary by season, the location of the public land unit (Hewer & Gough, 2018), and its unique microclimatic conditions (Smith et al., 2018; Wilkins et al., 2021). To date, little is known about the magnitude and spatial variability in these shifts across large geographic extents. Here, our goal is to explore how the seasonal demand for recreational ecosystem services may change across U.S. public lands in the future under different climate change scenarios. Understanding potential future shifts in demand can help land managers plan and prepare for possible regional or seasonal shifts in visitation trends.  
  Call Number Serial 4362  
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Author Parry, R.; Williams, S.; Watkins, J.A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Understanding the recreation preferences and constraints of low participation social groups Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 188-192  
  Keywords MMV4, constraints and preferences, participation, under-representation and exclusion  
  Abstract (up) Current research has indicated that participation in informal outdoor recreation is relatively low among certain groups, such as young people, older people, women, ethnic minority groups and people with disabilities. There is pressure on policy makers and practitioners to address this apparent imbalance. This paper reviews the findings of an international literature review which highlighted that there has been a focus on ëconstraintsí rather than on ëpreferencesí, particularly in relation to participation in outdoor recreation in the UK. It would appear from the literature that there is a presumption that the main reasons for low participation are related to structural barriers (such as lack of transport) rather than a lack of understanding of the recreation preferences of non-traditional participants. This has raised the question of whether it is achievable to change the prevalent attitude amongst the countryside sector from one of ëwe expect people to want what we provideí, to one of ëwe will provide for what people wantí. Would such a paradigm shift be successful in achieving more equitable outdoor recreation participation?  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 970 Serial 2606  
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Author Bergsma, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Customer Journey Mapping for Nature organizations; implications and applicability Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 190-191  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Customer Journey mapping is a tool to analyze the way in which customers engage with an organization, encompassing their entire interaction, and how this influences the visitor experience (Stein & Ramaseshan, 2016). The concept is mostly used in the retail industry and offers valuable insights which are helpful to improve visitor experiences in National Parks.  
  Call Number Serial 4101  
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Author Meçaj, N.; Muharremaj, V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Dajti National Park A Recreational Area for Citizens of Tirana, Albania Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 432-435  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Dajti National Park is one of the 12 National Parks of Albania, declared as a protected area in 1961. From the administrative of view, it is included in the Tirana District. This Park is managed by the general Directorate of Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Food). Total protected area reaches 10,269 ha. It represents an important additional to the presentation of natural wealth Park. The intention of this paper is to provide visitors with the essential information on natural history and cultural importance of Dajti National Park. It should come into hands of every single visitor and draw his attention to numerous attractions of the first Albanian National Park (field trip, visitor observation, interviews etc.). The results showed that various methods allow a thorough analyses of visitor activities as a basis for the ecologically and economically sustainable management of recreation and conservation areas.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 552 Serial 2339  
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Author English, D.; White, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Potential contributions of crowd-sourced data in public lands recreation monitoring systems Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 250-250  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Data on recreation use and visitor patterns are critical for information decisions about recreation management and policy. In the U.S., the recreation monitoring systems used by the federal public land agencies rely almost exclusively on traditional tools and approaches (Leggett et al. 2017). Specifically, U.S. federal agencies commonly combine permanent and temporary traffic counters with on-site visitor surveying to measure the amount of recreation use and visitor characteristics. Of the federal agency recreation monitoring programs, the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Program used by the United States Forest Service is viewed as the most comprehensive. Recreation practitioners and policymakers have raised the potential for using crowd-sourced and online information posted by visitors in place of, or as supplement to, traditional recreation monitoring programs. We have found that crowd-sourced data, including social media posts, are well correlated with official NVUM use estimates across a range of spatial resolutions (Fisher et al. 2018, Wood et al. 2020). Further, Wood et al. found that models could be used to directly estimate the amount of recreation use, even at previously unstudied sites. However, that study also found that models developed using social media data worked best when they incorporated some on-the-ground counts gathered using traditional approaches. In this presentation, we describe opportunities to use crowd sourced data to complement the National Visitor Use Monitoring Program. First, crowd-sourced data offers the ability to infer patterns in recreation use at individual sites. The NVUM sampling program is not designed to provide recreation use estimates for individual sites and crowd sourced data offers promise to fill in this gap. Second, the NVUM program only provides results for individual forests every five years. By identifying relationships between the crowd-sourced data and the NVUM data collected in the on-the-ground sample year, we can develop an estimate of recreation use trends in the years between NVUM sample estimates using crowd-sourced data. Finally, the NVUM sample is drawn from a population of recreation site days characterized by field managers. This characterization can be difficult for managers because it requires knowledge of fine-scale temporal patterns in recreation use at individual sites. We believe that crowd-sourced data can be used to assist in describing those temporal trends, potentially improving the accuracy in characterizing the site day population.    
  Call Number Serial 4312  
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Author Lawson, S.; Manning, R., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Integrating Multiple Wilderness Values into a Decision-Making Model for Denali National Park and Preserve Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 136-142  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Decisions about how to manage wilderness recreation in Denali National Park and Preserve require managers to integrate a diverse set of public values, a process that typically involves balancing tradeoffs among multiple and often competing values. While decisions about how to manage wilderness are often contentious, previous research suggests that if managers are able to predict public support for various management alternatives the decisions become more tractable. This study develops a decision-making model that integrates social, resource, and managerial values associated with the Denali wilderness experience. Specifically, stated choice analysis is used to evaluate the choices overnight wilderness visitors make when faced with hypothetical tradeoffs among the conditions of social, resource, and management attributes of the Denali wilderness. Study findings offer an empirical approach for predicting and evaluating the likelihood of public support for Denali wilderness management alternatives.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 454 Serial 2290  
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Author Dimovic, D., Stefan, A., Ivanic, K.Z, pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Values and Benefits of Protected Areas as Potential for Sustainable Development Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 7-8  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Demographic change is a challenge for many remote regions in Europe when it comes to the development of long term sustainable development strategies. While large scale investments often suggest new jobs and economic growth, the possible impacts of new regional development projects on natural resources and nature conservation are neglected. As a consequence, the opportunities and threats of regional development as well as the role of nature as a capital for local economies are rarely known. On the one hand the decreasing populations offer more potential for extensive agriculture, wilderness or sustainable tourism arising from additional land-use options and on the other hand the regions are facing the challenges to enhance the attractiveness and economic prosperity. This means that innovative solutions are needed to combine sustainable regional development that builds on the potential of nature conservation and natural resource management within sustainable and resilient local economic. In order to better understand the ecologically sustainable territorial developmentthe Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool (PA-BAT) was used to assess the protected areas in the Balkan ecoregion an area with a rich natural and cultural heritage.The PA-BAT is a new tool developed and tested by Equilibrium Research, WWF and partners.It was the biggest ever participatory assessments of protected areas benefits at the regional level, 60 workshops held in protected areas with more than 1,200 participants. This kind of workshops are an effective way of gathering and focusing public input at the early stage of protected area management planning process, but also motivation for their continued involvement in following stages.  
  Call Number Serial 3866  
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Author Kaae, B.C., Olafsson, A.S., Draux, H., Skov-Petersen, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Latent demand and constraints to water-oriented outdoor recreation in Denmark Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 332-334  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Denmark is a small and highly coastal country with 7,300 km of coastlines and over 400 islands as well as many lakes and streams. Consequently, the outdoor recreation patterns are particularly linked to the coastal and marine environments. Based on a national survey, this paper focuses on assessing latent demand and constraints in relation to water-oriented outdoor recreation. The aim of the paper is to analyze latent demand and constraints to participation in water-oriented outdoor recreation among three groups: 1) water-oriented outdoor recreationists, 2) land-oriented outdoor recreationists, and 3) non-recreationists. The study explores the existence of a latent demand even among participants due to constraints reducing their preferred participation.  
  Call Number Serial 3964  
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Author Danelutti C., Santarossa, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Creating a transnational ecotourism offer: The MEET Experience Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 372-374  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Despite the environmental and cultural importance of the Mediterranean, many immediate and long-term threats to biodiversity and local cultures persist, including the region’s reliance on revenue from mass tourism. Ecotourism has been demonstrated to be a form of tourism that is respectful to nature and culture which engages local people and brings significant economic benefits to local communities without the disruptive effects that mass tourism brings in its wake. The Mediterranean Experience of Ecotourism (MEET) is an EU-funded initiative, designed to harness the potential of ecotourism in the region. Having recently completed its three-year project life at the end of 2015, and involved 25 protected areas in 8 countries, MEET’s goal is to continue integrating new protected areas to expand the conservation and economic benefits of sustainable, respectful and nature-oriented tourism across the Mediterranean Basin.  
  Call Number Serial 3977  
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Author Partalidou, M.; Iakovidou, O., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Safeguarding rural tourism experience. Do different quality norms exist? Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 193-197  
  Keywords MMV4, management, quality, norms, rural tourism  
  Abstract (up) Despite the growing body of research on rural tourism in Greece none is focused on managing quality experience. Towards this direction visitors’ norms can be of great importance and a rather useful tool in order to safeguard the overall experience in rural settings and help everyday managers of rural tourism as well as practitioners and policy makers. Whereas developed in sociology and social psychology, norms have been used as an organizing concept in outdoor recreation research and management. In this paper we try to use this concept of visitors’ norms in order to determine what rural tourism should offer for a unique experience. Self administered questionnaires were distributed randomly across seven well known rural tourism destinations of rural Greece. Day trippers were excluded and sample size was set at 339 rural tourists, according to estimations of the proportion of rural tourists to the overall number of visitors at each destination. Personal interview was used and statistical analysis gave answers to a multiple set of research questions.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 972 Serial 2607  
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Author Cessford, G.; Cockburn, S.; Douglas, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Developing New Visitor Counters and their Applications for Management Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 14-20  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Developing visitor flow models for managing visitors to conservation areas is not possible without accurate visitor count data from the field. However, obtaining such counts in a reliable and cost-effective manner has proven to be more difficult than may be expected. Reasons for this are reviewed, and the features that park managers want in their visitor counting tools are discussed. Based on these demands, development of new visitor counters is underway, along with integrated systems for systematic collection and management of the data they provide. However, more effective direction is required from visitor flow models to guide the deployment of these new counter systems. This is an ongoing programme, and the presentation provided here summarises background information and progress to date.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 414 Serial 2270  
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Author Aikoh, T.; Arnberger, A.; Shoji, Y.; Mieno, T., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Comparison of motivations and crowding preferences between Austrian and Japanese urban forest visitors Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-65  
  Keywords MMV4, crowding, motivation, urban forest visitor, choice mode  
  Abstract (up) Do Japanese urban forest visitors have the same crowding perceptions than European visitors? Traditionally, it has been considered that an Asian is more tolerant of congestion compared to Western people, because of their different cultural backgrounds and living conditions. However, in many Asian countries, life style has been rapidly westernized, and many Asian people travel or immigrate to Western countries. Our purpose is to investigate the differences of recreation motives and crowding preferences of urban forest visitors between Austria and Japan. We compared motivations and crowding perceptions of on-site forest visitors using the same questionnaires, asked in 2006. Visitors to the Viennese part of the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria (N = 312) and visitors to the Nopporo Forest Park in Sapporo, Japan (N = 302) were asked to rate 15 motivation items and to choose preferred scenarios of computer-generated choice set images of a discrete choice experiment. Among 15 motivation items, a statistic significant difference was found in 14 items. Both Austrian and Japanese respondents assigned high importance scores to health and nature observation. The Austrians rated highly the motives exercise/sport, quietness and recreation, whereas Japanese visitors placed more importance on experiencing nature and family. We found four motivation factors: Landscape, Solitude, Nature and Health. Results of the choice model showed that Austrian respondents preferred less walkers and dog walkers, whereas Japanese preferred less bikers, joggers and plant pickers. Japanese visitors scored higher on nature observation, and fewer bikers are in this urban forest. Conflicts with dog walkers have been one of the main management issues in the Austrian forest. We found that visitors’ crowding preferences are related to current trail use conditions, and to their motivations. Tourism and recreation become more and more globalized, and this information about differences and similarities of visitor attitudes based on different backgrounds will be helpful for urban forest management.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 906 Serial 2575  
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Author Tverijonaite, E.; Saeporsdottir, A. D.; Olafsdottir, R.; C. Michael Hall, C. M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature-based tourism and renewable energy infrastructure: tourism industrys perceptions of the impact area of power plants on tourism Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 362-363  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Due to its reliance on natural landscapes nature-based tourism is sensitive to other land uses which lead to landscape changes, such as renewable energy harnessing. For identification of locations most suitable for renewable energy infrastructure knowledge regarding the spatial extent of the impacts of such infrastructure on nature-based tourism is highly needed. Estimating the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on nature-based tourism is, however, challenging. Besides taking into consideration the characteristics of the energy infrastructure and of the surrounding landscapes it is important to investigate how power plants change the meanings assigned to the areas by various tourism stakeholders. Moreover, natural areas used for tourism can be defined as places which are constructed via numerous relations and processes going on within these areas and in larger networks (Massey, 2005; Urry & Larsen, 2011). Therefore, it should be taken into consideration how renewable energy infrastructure affects surrounding areas as elements of tourism systems (Leiper, 1979, 1990). This study focuses on the views of the tourism industry in Iceland and aims to i) map the impact area of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism as perceived by the tourism industry; and ii) investigate the factors affecting the size and shape of the perceived impact area. To achieve these aims 49 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the managers of the tourism companies operating near six existing and proposed hydro-, geothermal and wind power projects situated within or at the border of the Icelandic Central Highlands. This area is an important venue for nature-based tourism as well as of high interest for further energy infrastructure development due to abundance of renewable resources. During the interviews, participants were asked to map their perceived impact areas of renewable energy infrastructure on tourism using participatory mapping software and, among other topics, to discuss the reasoning behind their estimated impact areas.  
  Call Number Serial 4360  
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Author Macik, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Renovation of the tourist trails in the Tatra Mountains Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 460  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Due to substantial transformations of the surface within tourist paths in the Western Tatras, the Tatra National Park performs a reclamation of degraded slopes. It is implemented under projects “Reduction of tourist pressure on habitats and species in the area of the Tatras” co-financed by the EU (started in 2013, 2017).  
  Call Number Serial 4194  
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Author Bonnelame, L.K.; Siegrist, D., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Covid-19 as an opportunity to newly discover Switzerlands nature-based cultural landscapes. Qualitative study among German-speaking Swiss holiday guests in Switzerland. Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 94-95  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Due to the corona pandemic, many Swiss people stayed in Switzerland in the summer of 2020. According to a survey (SRG & sotomo 2020), in May 2020, 49% had planned longer holidays abroad for summer 2020 and were then tending to change to excursions and shorter holidays in Switzerland due to the changed situation. What the forecasts predicted actually came true: a large proportion of the Swiss population, including many who otherwise travel abroad, spent their main holidays in a Swiss holiday region. Many hotels in the mountain cantons recorded an increase in bookings. The biggest losers were the cities and destinations with otherwise many international arrivals (Nau 2020). This development was seen in many European countries. Covid has brought about major changes in travel behavior due to closed borders and many people have vacationed in their own country. (YouGov 2020). Due to that, many Swiss might have got to know their country newly in one way or another in summer 2020. The preference for holidays in ones own country suggests the hypothesis that experiences of nature-based and culture-related tourism were given additional importance. Characteristically, this type of holiday experience takes place in natural areas and nature-based cultural landscapes (Siegrist et al. 2019). As part of a qualitative survey the changes in perception of Switzerland as a holiday destination, due to the altered starting position of domestic guests because of the corona pandemic, were analysed and evaluated. The questions asked were whether new holiday qualities in Switzerland were discovered, changes in attitudes and activities occurred (Pine & Gilmore 2013) or how cultural and natural attractions visited were perceived.  
  Call Number Serial 4241  
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Author Wyttenbach, M.; Volpert, F.; Hochreutener, A.; Rupf, R., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Disturbance caused by recreational activities -Case study Regional Nature Parc Beverin (RNPB), Switzerland Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 120-121  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Due to their structural diversity and altitude gradients, mountain regions provide suitable habitats for a diverse range of wildlife and plant species (Ingold, 2005). At the same time, they are important recreational areas for humans. Due to the increase in outdoor activities, negative impacts on nature and wildlife should be counteracted by means of focussed visitor management (Clivaz et al., 2013). The RNPB is visited by tourists all year round, with a greater proportion in the summer season. The landscape consists mainly of forests, alpine areas, extensive meadows, pastures, habitats for pioneer species, and covers an area of 412 km2. The RNPB aims to enable recreationists to experience nature without disturbing it at the same time. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine which types of recreational activities may be practised in the area and how they can be characterised (spatially, temporally, frequency). The aim of this study is to identify areas in summer and winter in which a potential conflict between recreationalists and nature could occur based on a spatial mapping approach.  
  Call Number Serial 4253  
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Author Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Morera, S.; Baric, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring recreational use in protected natural areas. Alt Pirineu Natural Park 2011-2017. Spain Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 53-55  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) During 2011, a technical study was carried out in the Alt Pirineu Natural Park to assess the number, distribution and characterization of visitors (Farías, 2011). Six years later, in 2017, a detailed study was carried out with the following aims: to review the data collected in 2011; 2) to assess the changes related with the use made by the visitors of this area; and 3) to advance in the knowledge of other aspects related to visits to the Park  
  Call Number Serial 4054  
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Author Hornigold, K., Lake, I., Dolman, P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Modelling use of forest recreation routes, an application for woodlark (Lullulaarborea) conservation Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 157-160  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) During the 20th century large parts of the UK were afforested to provide a strategictimber reserve (Peterken, 1993, pg. 85). Afforestation of open habitatsreduced the extent of unimproved grasslands, heathlands and wetlands, with consequent declines in associated species. To mitigate these impacts the UK Forestry Standard (Forestry Commission 2011) recommends a minimum 10% open space. In Thetford Forest (18,730 ha)the Forestry Commission is wideningverges along 278 km oftrackway to increaseopen habitat(current extent 7.1%) and createan ‘Open Habitat Network’ (OHN)to enhance habitat and population connectivity for rare and protected species(Armour-Chelu et al. 2014).In the present study we model recreational flow throughout theThetford Forest trackway networkto estimate DEs h-1on all elements of the proposed OHN. From estimatedthresholdsfor woodlark we quantify the number of trackway elements in the OHN unlikely to be colonised and therefore the potential loss of conservation benefit due to recreation. This tool is then used to assess mitigation through access point closure.  
  Call Number Serial 3908  
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Author Vistad, O.I., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitors and Managers: Differing Evaluations Concerning Recreational Impacts and Preferences for Management Actions? Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 380-383  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) During the summer of 1999 tourists were interviewed along two important scenic roads in Norway. Later on managers in all Norwegian counties were asked some of the same questions. The questionnaire presented twelve photos of trails and paths in different conditions, and twelve potential management actions concerning minimizing or repairing impacts on the ground. The results show significant differences between the two groups in their evaluations of photos with comprehensive impacts and corduroy covered paths. The managers have a lower level of tolerance towards impact, and the visitors are more in favor of using corduroy. Almost all of the proposed management actions were also rated significantly different, but the two groups are still quite consistent in their overall rating patterns: Actions concerning information of visitors or shielding the resource are favored; using fees is unacceptable.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 530 Serial 2328  
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Author Stamenkovic, I., Pantelic, M., Stojanovic, V., Ivkov, M., Lazic, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Attitudes of the Government and Non-Government Sectors Towards Development of Ecotourism in Protected Natural Areas in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia) Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 66-69  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Each country tends to create a tourism policy and thus leads the planning and management of tourism development. Researchers opinion on the economic impact of the global ecotourism economy are different and some of them believe that ecotourism is developing faster than the tourism industry as a whole, and that this proportion is more than 20% of the world tourism market. When it comes to the development of ecotourism most responsible factor is the government that provides the funding and the ability to create favorable circumstances for the control and knowledge of how the private sector could work effectively. The development of ecotourism in Vojvodina should be aligned with the expected results of the Twinning Project SR07-IB-EN-02 – Strengthening the administrative capacity of protected areas in Serbia – Natura 2000. The ultimate goal of the project was to create an ecological network of NATURA 2000 in the Republic of Serbia. That would improve the preservation of endangered species and their habitats and raising awareness on the protection of natural heritage as well as increasing the capacity to implement legal standards for the protection of nature.  
  Call Number Serial 3880  
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Author Bradic, M., Blesic, I., Vukosav, S., Ivkov, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Eco-labels in tourism and hospitality industry Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 216-218  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Ecolabelling is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling that is practised around the world. At the end of the last century only environmentaly oriented tourists could hear or learn something about ecological labels like Green globe or Heritage Environmental Rating Programme. After decades of specific behavior patterns of tourists the current trend is returning from the mass to the individual both environmentally friendly tourism, where new eco-labels come into play.  
  Call Number Serial 3927  
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Author Ghelichipour, Z.; Muhar, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor risk management in core zones of protected areas: First results from a survey of European park administrations Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 107-111  
  Keywords MMV4, Conservation regulations, European Protected Areas, Questionnaire, Visitor Risk Management  
  Abstract (up) Effective visitor risk management practices play an important role in the management of outdoor recreation. Many forms of outdoor recreation have inherent risks associated with them, indeed for many recreational activities risk and challenge are integral components. In many European countries, the administrations of protected areas are legally liable for some kinds of visitors’ injuries, e.g. caused by falling trees or damaged handrails. Sometimes this liability may cause legal problems for the managers, as management measures (e.g. removal of trees) might be in conflict with conservation regulations. These problems are particularly serious in core zones of protected areas, because of their stronger conservation status. In this study, visitor safety management and likely conflicts with conservation regulations in different European protected areas has been surveyed. The findings imply that today visitor risk management is not considered as an important aspect of the management process in core zones of protected areas. This might change in the future: In many core zones of European parks regular forest management for timber production has only recently been discontinued, which will lead to an increased visitor risk when natural processes of ecosystem development take over.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 934 Serial 2589  
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Author Lukic, T., Djercan, B., Bubalo Zivkovic, M., Penjisevic, I., Lalic, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Outdoor education in protected areas from viewpoint of geographic education Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 400-402  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Emel (2015) said that outdoor education helps one to develop environmental awareness, attitude, knowledge, time management, social relationship, success motivation, emotion control of people etc. Fletcher (2015) further explored the role of ecotourism in the neoliberalisation of environmental education. Ewert & Sibthorp (2014) identified two branches of outdoor education: environmental education and adventure education. According to them, outdoor adventure education is a variety of teaching and learning activities and experiences that usually involve a close interaction with an outdoor natural setting and contain elements of real and perceived danger or risk in which the outcome, although uncertain, can be influenced by the action of participants and circumstances. Ting & Siew (2014) found that students develop better in their critical thinking skills and science process skills after undergoing an environment-based education. Probably, Gilbertson (2006) did the most complex study of outdoor education (Figure). Outdoor education is irreplaceable method in geographic explorations, but papers which deal with mentioned topic are rare. This research will try to put in focus outdoor education in protected areas from geographic point of view.  
  Call Number Serial 3987  
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Author Thapa, B.; Confer, J.J.; Mendelsohn, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Trip motivations among water-based recreationists Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 208-212  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) Empirical research has consistently demonstrated that motivations differ based on participation in various activities, as well as due to the significant effect of other variables. Perpetuating this line of research, the purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of select non-motivational variables on motivations among recreationists on the Gallatin River, Montana, USA. A 15-mile stretch of the river was earmarked for data collection (n=321) in June and July 2000 via river exit interviews. Based on the literature, motivation was operationalized into 9-items using a 5-point Likert scale. Some of the findings highlight that rafters emphasized the status motive, while anglers noted relaxation and solitude. Residents were motivated to participate for social and physical aspects, while tourists noted setting and prestige motives. Repeat visitors were more likely to mention solitude, while first time visitors indicated to watch wildlife, and to tell others about it as key motives. Males were more likely to participate for solitude while females noted that they could tell others about it at home. Recreationists have wide sets of motives, and understanding what individuals seek through recreation can provide useful guidance to a variety of planning and management decisions.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 374 Serial 2395  
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Author Blye, C.; Hvenegaard, G.; Halpenny, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Investigating the outcomes of personal interpretation and extending the psychological factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 308-309  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Environmental interpretation can help mitigate the negative impacts of recreation, tourism, and human use of parks and protected areas. Inter-pretation is a mission-based approach to commu-nication aimed at provoking in audiences the discovery of personal meaning and the forging of personal connections with things, places, people, and concepts (Ham, 2016). Personal interpreta-tion enhances enjoyment of visitor experiences (Stern et al., 2011), increase visitors knowledge and understanding of natural and cultural re-sources (Ham, 2016), foster a sense of apprecia-tion toward those resources (Powell et al., 2009), and promotes stewardship behaviors (Ham, 2016). Importantly, interpretation can be an ef-fective management tool for parks to mitigate and influence visitor behaviours (Marion & Reid 2007). This study sought to determine, based on a case study of Albertas Provincial Parks, the out-comes of personal interpretive programs and the factors influencing those outcomes. As a major goal of interpretation is behav-ioural change, this study employed Ajzens (1991; 2011) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) which suggests that behaviour is best predicted by a persons intention to perform a specific behav-iour, and this in turn is explained by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control associated with the behaviour in ques-tion. The TPB performs well in predicting a wide range of behaviours and behavioural intentions including environmental behaviours (Vagias et al., 2014). This study not only investigated the effi-cacy of environmental interpretation on influenc-ing pro-environmental behaviour intentions, but also expanded on the theoretical constructs mak-ing up TPB. As such, motivations, satisfaction of visit, knowledge, and environmental worldview were included. The additional psychological con-structs were included in the proposed theoreti-cal model based on previous studies focused on environmental interpretation and pro-environmental behaviours (Moghimehfar & Hal-penny, 2016; Vagias et al., 2014).This study examined the following hy-potheses: (1) Attending in-person environmental interpretation programs increases park visitors intentions to engage in pro-environmental behav-iours; (2) The TPB variables (e.g., perceived be-havioral control, attitudes, and social norms) help predict park visitors pro-environmental behav-ioural intentions; and (3) Motivations, satisfaction of visit, environmental knowledge, and environ-mental worldview improve the prediction of pro-environmental behaviour intentions (proposed theoretical model, figure 1)  
  Call Number Serial 4337  
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