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	Author	Radivojevic, G., Tesanovic, D., Banjac, M., Tomic, N.
	Title	Nature park ‘’sargan – Mokra gora’’ as a major hot spot for promoting Serbian gastronomy			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	501-502
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The goal of this paper is to determine the structure of the gastronomic offer in restaurants which are located in the area of Šargan-Mokra Gora Nature Park and to investigate which national dishes are included in the offer and promoted as representative dishes of Serbian gastronomy. The Nature Park is located between the Tara and Zlatibor Mountains in Western Serbia. When it comes to gastronomy, what makes it unique and diverse is its favorable geographical location. This area is well known for livestock farming which is the dominant economic activity in the area. Therefore, meat and other products of animal origin, accompanied by mountain cereal and fruit represent basic ingredients used by local people for preparing meals.
	Call Number				Serial	4017
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	Author	Barros, M.I.A.; Magro, T.C.,
	Title	Visitors to the Highlands of Itatiaia National Park, Brazil, and their Perceptions of Visitor Impacts			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	102-106
	Keywords	MMV3, Visitor characteristics, recreation impact, visitor’s perceptions, Brazilian National Parks
	Abstract	The goal of this research was to characterize the visit and visitors to the highlands of Itatiaia National Park (PNI), located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and, based on that information, to explore the guidelines of a visitor education program designed to encompass minimum impact techniques that would help minimize management problems. A questionnaire was applied to 605 people from February to August 2002 in order to collect information about visits and visitors. Among the information collected were group size, activities carried out by visitors, duration of visit, and educational level of visitors, their previous experience and perceptions of the impacts caused by visitors.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 618			Serial	2433
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Haider, W.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Social Carrying Capacity of an Urban Park in Vienna			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	361-368
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The goal of this research was to investigate the social carrying capacity of an urban park in Vienna, Austria. We used a stated choice approach, combined with a referendum style conjoint model. Based on the hypothesis that the perception of crowding is influenced by several factors, digitally calibrated images were generated to depict in a systematic and rigorous manner different visitor numbers, user types, group sizes, the placement of visitors within the scene, numbers of dogs on or off leash, and the direction of visitor movement. The social carrying capacity was measured by asking each respondent whether the presented scenario was acceptable or not. Overall, visitor numbers, the placement of visitors within the image, and dogs being on or off a leash influenced the visitors’ decisions the most. The results of the binomial logit model can be used to simulate and calculate the visitor norms for many different situations; in other words, the referendum style conjoint approach delivers recreation norms within a truly multivariate investigative framework.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 286			Serial	2351
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	Author	Uzun, A.; Yesil, A.; Ozsul, Z.,
	Title	The Planning of User Flows in Istanbul Groves for Sustainability in Natural Structure			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	290-295
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The greenness of Istanbul Bosphorus, except its natural vegetation, is gathered in its parks, gardens and groves. The greenness of the Bosphorus identifies itself with the groves that also have great monumental value. Today, in Istanbul, there is a great number of groves that belongs to either governmental or private institutions. Recently, these groves have experienced increasing pressure from the great number of visitors and their potential use. The latest inventories indicate that existing use patterns of the natural resources of groves affect the trees and plant diversity negatively. Overuse of specific sites causes damage to vegetation especially for exotic plant species that are rarely found in Istanbul. This paper is aimed to describe progress on a system that enables optimal dispersion of use patterns and sustainable use of the groves for future protection. The “User Inventory for Istanbul Groves” was developed to include periodic user observation and user survey in order to maintain groves effectively. For this reason, the computer technology is used as an evaluation tool for examining the user survey results and physical data of the groves that concentrate especially on Yildiz Grove. For the purpose of the study, Yildiz Grove is divided into different zones based on the physical conditions and potential use patterns of the grove and a system is developed that depends on sensitivity for usage.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 500			Serial	2313
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	Author	Karácsonyi, Z.; Aradi, C.; Lisztes, L.,
	Title	From the Beginning Until the World Heritage Title: The Tendencies and Management of Visitor Flows at the Hortobágy National Park			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	421-422
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Hortobágy was always in the center of interest because of its special natural values and its characteristic landscape. Even since 1973, when the Hortobágy National Park was established (as the first national park in Hungary) the visitor flows has been significant. However, this mainly meant a 1 or 2 days mass visits. The successive management plans paid increased attention to the problems and issues related to the visitor flows and the possible solutions. The developed zoning-system and the management regulations based on this deal with the tourism. The recently built Epona Rider Village and then the private tourism organizations appeared in increasingly large numbers, and require a new management approach. The important developments of the recent years (educational center, museums, demonstrational centers) also had a great influence on visitor flow management. The practice applied in each stage of the development process, their modifications and further developments, which is to meet the requirements of the World Heritage title, will be introduced.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 546			Serial	2336
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	Author	Bishop, M.
	Title	Outdoor recreation and protection of Iceland’s Central Highland: conditions for a consensus among domestic users			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	338-340
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Icelandic Central Highland cover about 40% of the country, gathering a wide range of landscapes combining large glaciers, vast black sand desert, powerful geothermal areas and rivers, rough lava fields and important wetlands. As a result from such a diversity, the area as a whole consist of an outstanding venue for nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation. Other natural resources are also found in the area, as it has been used since historical times for hunting, fishing or as summer pasture or more recently to produce electricity from renewable sources. Similar to any other use of the natural resource, perspectives of development of the area for nature-based activities are raising serious issues as such highly sensitive environments may be irreversibly impacted by human activities. The establishment of protected areas is presented by various stakeholders as a potential solution to address the issues induced by the exponential growth of tourism. This study aimed to approach the attitudes of outdoor recreationist to the Central Highland and land-use management issues related to its protection. While there seems to be a certain consensus regarding the need to address issues related to the development of tourism in the Central Highland, views gets very polarized when it comes to the idea of a National Park, with a striking gap between opinions expressed by users of motorized and non-motorized activities.
	Call Number				Serial	3966
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	Author	Milentijevic, N., Valjarevic, A., Vukoicic, D., Cimbaljevic, M.
	Title	GIS Technology and Spatial Analysis of Geo-cultural heritage in the Municipality of Prokuplje (Serbia)			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	111-112
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The idea to protect the geo-cultural heritage of Serbia dates its institutional beginnings in the 1950s. In the middle of nineties, start systematic valorization of cultural heritage and Natural objects. The special place of conservation and geo-cultural protection belongs to the municipality of Prokuplje. The municipality of Prokuplje situated in the south region of Central Serbia, surrounding by mountains of Jastrebac, Radan and part of Kopaonik. Populations, manufacturing capacity and communications are concentrated in the valley of Toplica (in the town of Prokuplje), but mountain hinterland still lost demographic potential. These are the main reasons of not enough affirmation in the area of a municipality. The surface area of the municipality of Prokuplje is 759 km², which is only 0,8 % of the total area of Serbia. In this paper were marked most important geo-sites (epigeny of river Toplica, pseudo-cave Pasjacko kale) and objects of cultural heritage (Church St. Prokopije, Latin Church, and the medieval upper town Hameum). With using GIS technology we determined the dispersion of cultural objects on the territory of the municipality. The special view can be in creating virtual web map of geo-space. The analysed results represent a quality basis for data storage in digital form which in significance and more detailed touristic valorization of the geo-cultural potentials of the municipality in the future period.
	Call Number				Serial	3894
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	Author	Marangon, F.; Spoto, M.; Visintin, F.,
	Title	Assigning economic value to natural protected areas: an environmental accounting model			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	232-236
	Keywords	MMV4, Ecosystem functions, environmental accounting, Long Term Financial Plan, natural marine reserve
	Abstract	The implementation of environmental accounting in Natural Reserves produced some significant results in terms of restrictions. First of all, environmental accounting introduced a limitation in scale, which was inapplicable on a micro scale. A second restriction concerned the physical unit measure that was used instead of a monetary unit measure. Finally, a third limitation was due to the fact that environmental accounting takes into account only costs, not environmental benefits. These three limitations led us to develop an environmental accounting model that considered resources in the Natural Reserve, both consumed and produced. The model applied to Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (Italy) aimed to supplement monetary accounting based on cost and revenue with environmental accounting which reflects not only environmental cost but also environmental revenues, i.e. environmental benefits. Environmental cost took into account anthropic presence, raw materials use, consumption of fuel for motor vehicles and heating fuel, consumption of electricity, water consumption, and administration expenses. Environmental benefits assessed ecosystem functions: gas regulation, nutrient cycling, biological control, food production, recreation, and culture. The difference between costs and benefits, both economic and environmental, represented the value produced or consumed by the Natural Reserve. The model demonstrated that the net benefit for the Reserve was approximately €654,000 covering the amount of public transfer (about €610,000) completely.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 990			Serial	2616
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	Author	Liu, Y.; Olafsson, A. S.,
	Title	Intentional and incidental nature experiences in urban nature			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	388-389
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The importance of urban nature has been empha-sized alongside the concept of sustainable city and urban livability. Urban nature can refer to all kinds of green spaces, such as lawns, community gardens, urban parks, urban forests and urban cemeteries. It is known that urban nature deliv-ers the cultural ecosystem services that largely link to human well-being. Hence, many scholars focus on multi-functionality of urban nature (Fagerholm et al., 2019; Hansen et al., 2019), and try to find the link between motives and experi-ences (Vierikko et al., 2020) in order to have a broad understanding of the day to day practice of urban nature. However, due to the extinction of the experiences and loss of human-nature inter-actions, more research should pay attention to nature experiences in order to develop sustaina-ble urban recreational destinations with high citizens experiential values.The built environment with access to in-frastructure and green spaces are preferred dur-ing the lockdown (Amerio et al., 2020). The hu-man-nature interaction is greatly motivated by intentional uses of urban nature provided by in-frastructures, and the fact urban nature can pro-vide spaces for social activities and so on. Yet, little is focus on how restorative experiences, emotions, surprises and sensory experiences can encourage urban dwellers a close contact with nature. Does the increasing recreational use of urban nature at this special moment indicate an increasing need of restorative benefits and better well-being from the urban nature? And is the intentional recreational use of urban nature gen-erated by any incidental experiences gained from urban nature or indirect use of urban nature, due to the fact that well-practiced behaviors are gen-erated by incidental experience? This study cate-gorizes nature experiences into intentional na-ture experiences and incidental nature experi-ences, and aims to answer the following ques-tions (1) what is intentional and incidental nature experience and what are the most common mapped activities in terms of the intentional and incidental use of urban nature (2) which type of urban nature and which landscape feature(s) can provide more intentional or incidental nature experiences (3) what is the relationship between these two kinds of nature experiences?
	Call Number				Serial	4371
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	Author	Czegledi, O.; Garcia-Arjona, N.; Paget, E.; Rech, Y.; Gourin, L.
	Title	The impact of hiking on visitors consumer behavior in the French shores			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	135-137
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The interdisciplinary perspective of the project provides a cross-understanding of coastal pedestrian leisure activities by adopting different, yet interrelated scientific approaches, such as historical, sociological, geographical, legal, political and artistic perspectives. In this context, the present communication focuses on the analysis of hiking’s consequences on the leisure consumer behavior at coastal sites
	Call Number				Serial	4082
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	Author	Zega, M., Dakskobler, P.
	Title	MTB Soca Outdoor (Slovenia) – A good case scenario			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	377-378
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The interest in extreme or adventurous sports has grown rapidly in the last decade. Activities such as skydiving, paragliding, zip lining, canyoning, swinging bungie etc. are experiencing a burst out in number of enthusiasts and challenge audacity. A huge progress has been made also in the corresponding technical equipment. Among mentionedadventuroussports, perhaps the most popularis mountain biking. Since most of these activities happen outdoor, preferably in nature or even better in preserved and remote corners of nature, they inevitably have a significant impact on other usersand inhabitants within these places, e.g. animals and their habitats, hikers, farmers, villagers, foresters, land owners, nature conservationists etc., who have been sharing the placemore or less reconciled with each other since a long time. Now, this new presence has become an everyday reality andit brings a conflict between ‘old and new users’, which cannot be ignored. Therefore, these activitiesneed to be properly integrated into thenatural environment and into the legal system, whichis easy to say, but much more demanding to accomplish.
	Call Number				Serial	3979
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	Author	Goldstein, S.; Surki, S.; Koriyat, E.; Nemtzov; S.
	Title	Collaboration with communities living next to protected areas, for the conservation of biodiversity, landscape and heritage in Israel			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	223-225
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The Israel Nature and Parks Authority (INPA) is Israels government agency in charge of all legally protected areas (Nature Reserves and National Parks). The INPA has been working for many years in collaboration with local communities. This connection between the INPAs Nature Reserves and National Parks, and the local communities that live next to them, is a longstanding association with mutual implications. Over the years we have experienced a rise in the publics impact upon the environment. In order to protect biodiversity, landscapes and heritage over the long term, the INPA realizes that we must have the public as a cooperative partner.
	Call Number				Serial	4113
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	Author	Markovic, I., Sever, I., Pejnovic, D.
	Title	Impact factors on protected areas and management policies on a global scale			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	469-471
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The issue of sustainability of protected areas has been, up to twenty years ago, on the margins of scientific research due to common perception that the protected natural areas are sustainable by their very existence. Tourism in general, including tourism in protected areas, which often has a prefix eco, inevitably changes and disturbs state of the environment by its existence in a certain area. The main impact of tourism is created by attracting tourists and their concentration on specific particularly attractive area, which brings consequences that signify the usual environmental pressures, such as: waste, wastewater, traffic and others (Growcock, Pickering, 2011). Infrastructure required for tourist activity irreversibly alters the natural, and social environments. Contact with tourism affects the way of life of the local population, socio-cultural identity and brings new structure of the local economy, which substituted the traditional activities. Accordingly, the question arises is tourism in the protected areas possibility or a challenge, at a time when modern trends of world tourism indicate growing interest in protected areas, which not only favours the development of a relatively undeveloped areas, but also generate considerable economic benefits (Dowling et al., 2013). Therefore, this paper examines the issues of sustainable development and management policies on the example of selected natural areas in the world.
	Call Number				Serial	4008
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	Author	Nakajima, Y.; Izu, N.
	Title	Complex surveys for monitoring climbers in Mt.Fuji, Japan			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	118-119
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The Japanese government listened to the advice and decided to lay out Visitor Management Strategy that includes the process of determining carrying capacities for the upper access routes that will help realizing the desirable style of Mt Fuji accents. In order to do that, the government needs to investigate and research the current state of the mountain by collecting and analyzing objective data. This research was conducted in order to collect and analyze necessary data for strategy mentioned above
	Call Number				Serial	4077
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	Author	Markov, M., Radic-Lakos, T., Perisic, A., Bracanov, V.
	Title	Profile characteristics and satisfaction of Kornati National Park visitors			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	323-325
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Kornati Archipelago is situated in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches over an area of 320 km2 and includes 149 island, isles and reefs. Part of the Archipelago encompassing 89 land units and adjacent marine area with total 217 m2 was proclaimed National Park in 1980 due to exceptional geomorphological features, anthropogenic terrestrial vegetation, rich marine biodiversity and oceanographic specificities. Tourism was gradually introduced in the Kornati Archipelago in the 1970s. This was the period of the major changes in the lives of the local people up to that time, which had a strong impact on the overall appearance of the Archipelago. The development of tourism activities was made possible with the appearance of fast-motorized boats, making the Archipelago more accessible. The local people turned to tourism and adapted their small houses for tourist accommodation and opened taverns and restaurants.
	Call Number				Serial	3961
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	Author	Stastna, P., Pacak, J., Kala, L., Nejedly, O.
	Title	First Experience with Automated Counting System in the Krkonose Mts. National Park			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	286-287
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Krkonoše Mts. (Giant Mts.) are situated on the north border of the Czech Republic. Even the mountains are not too high (the highest top called Snezka Mt. isonly 1603 m a. s. l.) the locality forms a first barrier in the south and eastdirectionfrom sea for the prevailing winds.The climate there is therefore very oceanic, characterizedby humid and foggy weather,rich in precipitations. In the winter is the surface of protuberant objects in upper parts is often covered by thick layer of ice because of the humid winds.We have started counting with automated counters at 27 localities since the year 2012. 22 of themhas been situated at the entrances of the most protected area of the national park (the first zone), which is predominantly situated in the upper part of mountains, close or above the tree line.The movement of visitors is regulated there becausethese parts are higly visited. 4 of these counting point has been also combined for counting of cyclists or motor vehicles.
	Call Number				Serial	3948
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	Author	Draux, H., Olafsson, A.S., Kaae, B.C., Skov-Petersen, H.
	Title	Online participatory GIS mapping of marine recreation in Denmark: contrasting crowdsourced and representative survey approaches			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	248-251
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The lack of spatial information is a challenge to create a balanced and coherent planning and management of the sea, as framed in marine conservation planning andMarine Spatial Planning, MSP (Douvere & Ehler, 2009, Mazor et al 2014). The limited availability and quality of data on recreational marine uses is as an obstacle for implementing EU policy (EEA 2015).Innovative ways for documenting and mapping the missing ‘social landscape’ of the marine environment in terms of spatial attributes of recreational use are needed (Martin & Hall-Arber 2008). To find out the extent of use of the Danish waters for marine recreation activities, our research aimed to collect the spatial extent, diversity, and intensityof these activities.Here, we discuss the quality of the data collected through two sampling strategies: an online crowdsourcedsurvey and a commercial representative panel survey.
	Call Number				Serial	3937
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	Author	Mose, I.; Weixlbaumer, N.,
	Title	Protected Areas as a Tool for Regional Development?			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	149-154
	Keywords	MMV3, Protected areas, paradigm shift, integrated nature conservation, regional development
	Abstract	The last decades have witnessed significant changes in protected area policies in Europe as well as throughout the world. As a result, the total area set aside has more than quadrupled, and today almost 14 percent of the world‘s ecosystems are protected compared with only about 3 percent in 1970. In Europe, first and foremost, large protected areas with an integrative character gain importance increasingly. Based against this background, this paper on the one hand deals with the multifunctionality of post modern large protected areas as well as with the paradigm shift in protected area policies in Europe. On the other hand this paper analyses the advancement and future perspectives of these policies, and reflects upon the current use of protected areas as tools for a sustainable regional development.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 645			Serial	2446
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	Author	Pflüger, Y.,
	Title	Value based decision making process for strategic visitor management in the Natura 2000 area Lech River Valley, Tyrol			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	299-304
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The Lech valley with the river Lech and its tributaries is an alpine river valley in Austria with a considerable amount of naturally free flowing stretches. The ecological and scientific significance of the Natura 2000 area lies in its high biodiversity and the occurrence of numerous internationally endangered species within the dynamic braided river stretches. Apart from that the area contains a high number of recreational and educational values as well. The area, which is situated within day travel distance of the cities Innsbruck and Munich, is renowned for its biking and hiking trails and its unique water sport opportunities. Nevertheless, most intense impact occurs from the daily use of the local population in the densely populated Lech valley area nearby. Due to its long and narrow shape the protected area is very vulnerable to impacts and therefore, to avoid negative impacts on natural values from recreational use, not only a management plan, but also a visitor strategy has been developed as part of an extensive European Union LIFE funded project. The decision making process for the establishment of the visitor management concept was based on a GIS supported risk analysis: First current ecological and recreational values have been located and assessed. Subsequently hotspots have been defined in areas, where those contrasting values overlay. These hotspots were defined in areas of high ecological vulnerability and high visitor impact from intense recreational use. This hotspot analysis served as a basis for discussion and co-operation with the local population and stakeholders to agree on management solutions. As a result specific management actions were defined and the allocation of visitor infrastructure was planned accordingly. As a response to the need for more detailed information about recreational uses and users a visitor monitoring concept was included in the visitor strategy as well. This paper describes practical planning policies to highlight the need for strategic planning of recreational use in protected area management based on the comprehensible evaluation of the hazard potential from uses and the vulnerability of ecological values.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 308			Serial	2362
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	Author	Duke, D.; Quinn, M.,
	Title	Methodological considerations for using remote cameras to monitor the ecological effects of trails users: lessons from research in Western Canada			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	441-445
	Keywords	MMV4, Remote cameras, access management, monitoring methods, wildlife
	Abstract	The Livingstone River Area in southwestern Alberta, Canada is an ecologically significant area of public land that provides an important connection between adjacent protected areas. Most of the area is zoned for multiple use; which means the area is available for resource extraction and recreational activity. Recreational use in this area consists primarily of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, random access camping and fly fishing. Recreational use is largely unmanaged and increasing. The proliferation of trails and campsites has become extensive in the past decade. Furthermore, much of this activity is concentrated along critical riparian movement corridors and in sensitive montane, subalpine and alpine environments. Human use and associated linear disturbance is recognized as among the most significant habitat fragmentation factor limiting sensitive wildlife (especially large carnivores) in the region. We have developed a sampling method that employs remote digital infrared cameras on known human trails and wildlife trails. The cameras have proven to be very effective for monitoring all trail use. We provide a review of our methods, report on the effectiveness of the cameras and provide some guidance on the use of cameras based on the lessons we have learned.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1074			Serial	2658
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	Author	Gstaettner, A.M.; Weiler, B.; Rodger, K.; Lee, D.
	Title	Exploring responsability sharing between visitors and managers: Results of a Delphi study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-439
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The management of visitor safety is multifaceted and complex, and ambiguity often exists in terms of whether and how much individual visitors share responsibility for their safety with park management authorities (Rickard 2012). In an effort to explore the perspectives of protected area managers, a qualitative study has been conducted to explore the concept of responsibility-sharing in recreational and protected areas in Australia. The study sought to answer questions such as: who shares responsibility for visitor safety in protected areas; why are responsibilities shared; and how may responsibility-sharing vary across different visitation contexts at different sites?
	Call Number				Serial	4187
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	Author	Sorakunnas, E.,
	Title	The experiential value of national park visits			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	144-145
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The marketing discipline offers suitable and well-established constructs for viewing outdoor recreation from the demand perspective, namely experiential consumption (Holbrook and Hirschman 1982) and consumer value (Woodruff 1997, Holbrook 1999). Although non-commercial, visiting national parks represents consumption in terms of acquiring experiences; visitors immerse themselves in an experiential, nature-based context to derive personal experiences that provide value. The concept of consumer value has been established in marketing for long, but self-organized and independent visits to national parks represent a new area of application. This approach, viewing park visits through the eyes of the visitors, combines the setting attributes and individuals activities to their desired personal outcomes. Thus, it is similar to the Outcomes Focused Management approach (Driver, 2008) as well as the Recreation Preference Scale (Driver, 1983) and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (Clark and Stankey, 1979) frameworks, but provides an integrated outlook by comprising also the underlying universal values unlike conventional outdoor recreation research.
	Call Number				Serial	4264
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	Author	Toivonen, T.; Heikinheimo, V.,
	Title	Using Mobile Big Data to assess visits to national parks before and during COVID- 19			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	78-79
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the biggest disruption to individual mobilities in modern times. The crisis is clearly spatial in nature, and examining the geographical aspect is important in understanding the broad implications of the pandemic (Oliver et al. 2020). Visitations to national parks or other natural areas have experienced a tremendous change during the pandemic. In some areas, like in Finland, visitors seeking for experiences or less crowded places have crowded national parks. This has caused a need for national park managers to add services to the parks. In other places attracting high numbers of international tourists, like Madagascar, the visitor numbers have dropped drastically leading to problems of local livelihoods and even pressure to use land for alternative purposes like food production (Eklund et al. 2020).To understand these changes and their impact, there is a need to monitor how and where people use natural areas. Mobile big data (data collected by mobile phone operators or various apps) has been considered valuable for conservation already for some time (Di Minin et al. 2015; Tenkanen et al. 2017; Toivonen et al. 2019). The pandemic has highlighted the high potential of mobile big data even further (Poom et al. 2020). Mobile Big Data makes it possible to study the spatial effects of the crisis with spatiotemporal detail at the national and global scales. The data is being collected continuously, allowing monitoring change over time. The importance has not been left unnoticed: Some companies, like Google and Apple, have shared previously inaccessible information about peoples mobility patterns openly online, allowing, for a limited time period, new analyses also about visits to nature.
	Call Number				Serial	4233
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	Author	Bandeira Diniz, F.K., de Souza Pimentel, D.
	Title	Social Carrying Capacity at a Brazilian Protected Area			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	39-41
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The modern societies reencounter the nature’s social representation in protected areas. Thus, there is a new enchantment with natural environments and concepts’ redefinition (Borrie 2012). According to this social archetype, the protected areas assume this main goal of biological diversity protection and ecosystems process maintenance (Dudley 2008). But even the most conscious visitors leave marks of their presence. A possible management action to protect resources and improve the visitor experience is to limit the number of visitors by calculating the social carrying capacity. This concept it refers to the number of visitors that can be accommodated in a protected area at the same time ensuring a satisfactory experience (Boullon 1997). The objective of this paper is to present the social carrying capacity of a high visited site in a Brazilian Park.
	Call Number				Serial	3872
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	Author	Schulz, L.; Price, M.,
	Title	Mapping the distribution of outdoor activities to assess their impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) – Evidence from user-generated geographic information			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	114-115
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The most severe effects of outdoor tourism orrecreation (OTR) are habitat fragmentation, modification, and loss, which affect animal behaviour, survivorship, distribution, and reproduction (e.g.: Karlson & Mörtberg, 2015; Monz, Pickering, & Hadwen, 2017). A highly used path can create a barrier and lead animals to avoid a much wider area through trail-edge effects (Monz et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2014). Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) respond differently to different OTR activities, e.g., they avoid mountain-bike trails up to 1091.5m and winter infrastructure up to 327.1m (Coppes et al., 2017). Along multiuse tracks, capercaillie use trees closer to tracks in less visited woodland than in highly visited woodland, with tree use asymptotes of 197m and 291m, respectively (Summers et al., 2007). The present study assessed 1) patterns of recreational uses, 2) functional habitat loss of capercaillie due to trail-edge effects, 3) the impacts of OTR on lek site selection, and 4) the potential for capercaillie refuges.
	Call Number				Serial	4250
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	Author	Verreault, C; Spence, C.;
	Title	Unplanned trail creation in Gatineau Park, Canada: engaging users in finding a sustainable solution			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	301
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The National Capital Commission, the federal Crown corporation managing Gatineau Park, has initiated a series of consultations with over eighty user groups and adjacent communities to engage them in finding a sustainable solution. Awareness of the negative environmental and public safety impacts caused by unofficial trails was enhanced among user groups and solutions to reduce these impacts were found collaboratively and are now being implemented.
	Call Number				Serial	4143
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	Author	Tarbaeva, V.; Fomichyova, T.,
	Title	Development of Ecotourism in the Largest National Park “Yugyd va”			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	371-372
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The National Park “Yugyd va”, Komi, Russia is used predominantly by the Russian population for summer and winter recreation purposes. The National Park (NP) organizes, plans and controls visitor flows. Management of visitor flows is directly and indirectly realized by the NP. The direct management includes functional zone division, normalizing recreation loads, law-enforcement activity. The indirect management includes regulation of visitors access in determined places of the NP because of complex and dangerous routes or specific objects organization of tourist infrastructure. Monitoring of visitor activities in the National Park is realized by short-term visitor observation and route registration. Organization of visitor flow is realized on the basis of agreement between the NP and tour operators. The NP regulates of tourism and recreation by restriction of moving the visitors on the NP area on the basis of permissible recreation loads.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 526			Serial	2326
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	Author	Goossen, M.; Uphus, L.
	Title	Visitors counting combining new technologies; PIR and LoRa with Arduino			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	116-117
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The nature area ‘Het Renkums Beekdal’ in the Netherlands consists of a linear north-south valley with fringing forest on the hills to its East and West. They don’t have the financial resources to be able to use most of the currently available methods, so they therefore need new cost-effective technology that can count the visitors effectively and accurately. We therefore searched for open source methods and new techniques.
	Call Number				Serial	4076
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	Author	Vitek, O.
	Title	Methodological questions raised from visitor monitoring in the Czech Republic			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	283-285
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (NCA) manages 25 protected landscape areas and the most of national nature reserves and monuments. Visitor monitoring using modern automated counters began in 2009 and has developed so far into a centrally controlled system. In 2016 there are more than 100 permanently monitored profiles. Data and its evaluation is outsourced, two companies have been successful in the contract competition. Basic methodology is given in contracts, but the companies differ from each other in detail. Similar visitor monitoring is realised in four Czech National Parks as well, know-how is shared between NCA and NP authorities. Adjustment of new contracts rises several methodological questions discussed in the contribution. The aim is to share the best practice and notify scientists about questions to be solved by applied research.
	Call Number				Serial	3947
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	Author	Mowen, A.J.,
	Title	Estimating Visitor Occasions and Recreational Visits at an Urban Park District			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-438
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The need for a committed system to monitor and track visitation over time is increasingly recognized by agencies that are responsive to staffing, budgeting, and public relations. This paper highlights a process that a metropolitan park agency uses to monitor visitation within its jurisdiction. The importance of a long-term and regular counting effort is highlighted as well as a brief discussion of trade-offs made between validity and reliability in the formative years of establishing a new use estimation system. The paper concludes by identifying some of the advantages and limitations inherent when estimating urban park visitation with inductive loop counters.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 554			Serial	2340
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	Author	De Vries, S.; Jellema, A.; Goossen, M.,
	Title	FORVISITS: modelling visitor flows at a regional level			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	78-84
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) is trying to develop a coherent set of indicators to monitor nature areas in the Netherlands. One of the proposed indicators is the recreational use of nature areas. Besides indicating the social value of a specific area, recreational use may be also be used as input for modelling habitat quality, another MNP-indicator. Recreational use itself is likely to depend on the attractiveness of the area, such as its scenic beauty. This attractiveness is yet another MNPindicator. Because the MNP wants a national overview of the recreation use of all nature areas, on-site monitoring is not a feasible option. Therefore we have started to develop a model to predict the number of recreational visits to forests and nature areas: FORVISITS. Although the model is still in its early stages, a first nation-wide application has taken place and will be presented.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 358			Serial	2387
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	Author	Van den Berg, J.
	Title	Online visitor monitoring in Dutch nature reserves and National Parks			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	130-133
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Netherlands is a delta area and is a haven for a large share of the European habitats. Out of roughly 200 European habitattypes the Netherlands houses almost 50 habitattypes on just a very small part of Europe that is densely populated. Staatsbosbeheer – commissioned by the government – manages a considerable share of all nature reserves and National Parks in the Netherlands. Staatsbosbeheer is promoting outdoor-recreation at as many sites as possible. We had to collect – in a very short time – data regarding our visitors per site. As we are provincial organised the data had to be collected likewise. We wanted to do this for a great number of the most visited sites per province. The collection of the data had to be uniform and without any effort for our local rangers. So we decided to perform online visitor research.The data we wanted to collect should be usuable in ranking our most visited sites and had to increase our knowledge of visitors as well. The key performance indicators we decided to collect regarding each individual nature site were meant to form an objective set of data leading to insights that informs our decision-making.
	Call Number				Serial	3900
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	Author	Steiner, W.; Parz-Gollner, R.,
	Title	Actual Numbers and Effects of Recreational Disturbance on the Distribution and Behaviour of Greylag Geese (Anser Anser) in the “Neusiedler See – Seewinkel” Nationalpark Area			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	89-94
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Neusiedler See – Seewinkel National Park area is confronted with a remarkable increase in tourism and recreational activities during the last years. The „Koppel“ area, situated on the eastern shore of the lake, is one of the most important breeding sites for Greylag Geese. Behaviour and distribution of the geese on the breeding site as well as touristic activities on the adjacent road leading along the „Koppel“ were examined to investigate relations and interactions between the Greylag Goose population and tourism. Taking into account the excellent weather and breeding conditions in the year 2000 the results of the survey indicate a stable or even rising Greylag population, increasing numbers of visitors and high disturbance frequencies in the vicinity of the study area. The number of disturbances on the adjacent road seems to affect the suitability of the site in general, leading to a specific temporal and spatial distribution of the birds, whereas different disturbance qualities result in changes of the birds behaviour.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 440			Serial	2283
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	Author	Solvang, D. T.,
	Title	“Friluftsliv” (outdoor life): Sustainability, trust and social inclusion			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	26-27
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The Norwegian Trekking Association (DNT) aims to act as a responsible organization that carefully addresses key challenges for social and environmental sustainability in outdoor recreation though our strategic plan. This lecture will discuss and present approaches to key challenges for DNT and likely also for similar NGOs across the globe.
	Call Number				Serial	4385
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	Author	Gudmundsson, R.
	Title	Analyses of overseas tourists in Vatnajokull National Park, Iceland 2010-2015			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	303-304
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The number of overseas tourists visiting Iceland has grown from 500.000 in the year 2010 to nearly 1.300.000 in the year 2015, which means a 160% growth in five years. In 2010 52% of the tourists came to Iceland in the three summer months (June, July, August) but 48% the other nine months of the year (off season). In 2015 only 41% came in the summer months but 59% outside the summer season.
	Call Number				Serial	3954
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	Author	Voth, A.,
	Title	Overcoming National Park Conflicts by Regional Development: Experiences from the Doñana Area in Southern Spain			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	155-160
	Keywords	MMV3, Land use conflicts, regional development, Doñana National Park, Spain
	Abstract	The number of protected areas in Spain has increased considerably in the last two decades. The country’s membership in the European Union favoured an important economic growth and social change and was also fundamental for the evolution of environmental policies and the exchange of management concepts for protected areas. The intensive use of natural resources was followed by a growing awareness of land use conflicts and the necessity of nature conservation. The area around the National Park of Doñana in Andalusia, presented in this contribution, is an outstanding example of a long history of competing land use interests and recent efforts to overcome conflicts introducing new concepts of regional development based on the principals of sustainability and participation. A regional label highlights the national park image to stimulate environmental sensibility and marketing. The local population increasingly perceives a new consciousness of their common problems, opportunities and responsibility.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 647			Serial	2447
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	Author	Pinel, R.; Thian-Bo Moral, M.
	Title	Shark problematic issue in La Reunion : A sustainable monitoring of the sea territory?			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	467-469
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The object is to investigate the ecosystem and socio-system co-viability. To that extent, we focus on the monitoring of the coastal territory in La Reunion island, in the west Indian Ocean. In February 2011 began one meaningful environmental conflict in this island : the « shark crisis » (term use by the stakeholder groups). Several shark-human interactions occurred this year and have increased since. The « ordinary risk » of unexpected encounter with a squale has been built and became an « absolute risk » (Thiann-Bo Morel & Duret, 2013). Since, La Reunion island is known worldwide to be a “sharks island”...
	Call Number				Serial	4197
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	Author	Taczanowska, K; Latosinka, B.; Czachs, C.; Hibner, J.; Muhar, A.; Brandeburg, C.; Rothert, M.
	Title	Toward standards for quantification of recreational use in forest areas – indicators and data collection tools applied by te State Forests National Forest Holding, Poland			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	481-483
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of the study was to create the list of indicators and to define reliable tools that can be utilized for measuring recreation use. The main focus was placed at systematic quantification of visitor loads at recreational trails.
	Call Number				Serial	4202
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	Author	de Assis, L.; de Souza Pimentel, D.
	Title	Impacts of visitation on a trail evaluated through a combined methodology			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	420-422
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of this article is to present and evaluate the impacts on Bananal Cove Trail (BCT) through different methods that consider its physical characteristics, as well as the visitors perceptions, seeking to identify the physical and social impacts in order to subsidize the management efforts.
	Call Number				Serial	4182
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	Author	Nogueira Mendes, R.; Perreira da Silva, C.
	Title	Looking back at recreational activities in protected areas using VGI from web-share services			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	138-140
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The objective of this paper is to explore if datasets from web-share services collected today can also reflect past changes in trails’ use within R&PA providing a new added value to these data sources – the ability to look back in time
	Call Number				Serial	4083
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