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Author Grinfelde, I., Livina, A.
Title Enhancing vitality of young students by integrated experience-based outdoor education methods Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 489-492
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) In the present study the particular case of Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Tourism and Leisure studies (founded in 1996, Valmiera, Latvia) will be used to present the experience of integration of outdoor physical activities in the study program with a focus on development of skills knowledge and reduction of institutional barriers for physical activities. Despite the fact that a good physical condition is not only a personal issue, but also a professional precondition in case of tourism, the research of Grinberga (2016) reveals that 70% of students identify their lifestyle as sedentary and inactive (11% with 0 activity), 45% of respondents said that they do some outdoor activities because of the added value of natural surroundings. The most common problems related to physical inactivity that students mentioned is back pain, decrease of physical fitness, (difficulty to move, muscle weakness etc.), also weight gain, poor immunity and sickness, pain in the neck, apathy. In their comments about the reasons for inactivity students mention lack of time due to the intensive lecture schedule which could be interpreted as an organizational barrier.
Call Number Serial 4014
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Author Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B.,
Title Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 168-169
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants. 
Call Number Serial 4276
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Author White, E.; Winder, S.; Wood, S.,
Title The influence of wildfire and smoke on recreation visitation and behavior Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 360-360
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) In the U.S. West, the area burned in wildfires has been increasing in recent years leading to a greater number of burned recreation destinations. In addition, prolonged periods of dense smoke have inundated both recreation destinations and urban settings. As climate change progresses and the frequency and severity of natural disturbances, such as wildfire, floods, and windstorms, increases we need to improve our understanding of how wildfire, smoke, and burned landscapes influence recreation behavior. In this presentation, we briefly synthesize the current literature on how recreation behavior is influenced by burned landscapes and discuss findings from our recent efforts, using traditional and crowd-sourced approaches, to understand the response of recreationists to wildfire and smoke. The research literature exploring how burned landscapes influences recreation use levels in the U.S. West is limited (McCaffrey et al 2013). Stated-preference studies exploring the welfare implications for recreationists from hypothetical burned landscapes account for much of the literature (Bawa 2017). Fewer studies have been completed on actual burned landscapes. In general, research conducted in-situ has found that any reductions in recreation visitation in recently burned landscapes is short-lived and modest and visitor satisfaction is largely unchanged (e.g., Brown et al. 2008, Love and Watson 1992).
Call Number Serial 4359
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Author Lawson, S.; Itami, B.; Gimblett, R.; Manning, R.,
Title Monitoring and Managing Recreational Use in Backcountry Landscapes Using Computer-Based Simulation Modeling Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 107-113
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) In the United States, legislation dictates that wilderness areas should be managed to, among other things, provide recreational visitors with opportunities for solitude. The growing popularity of outdoor recreation in backcountry settings presents managers with challenges in their efforts to achieve this objective. Recent research suggests that computer-based simulation modeling is an effective tool for helping to address the challenges associated with managing visitor use in backcountry and wilderness settings. This paper describes the development and application of a computer-based simulation model of recreational use in the John Muir Wilderness Area in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. The results of the study demonstrate how simulation modeling can be used as a tool for understanding existing visitor use patterns within the John Muir Wilderness Areas and estimating the effects of alternative management practices on visitor flows and visitor use conditions.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 399 Serial 2407
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Author Kyle, G.,
Title Shifting setting densities and normative evaluations of crowding over time Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 228-229
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) In the United States, population growth and domestic migration is placing increasing pressure on natural landscapes and the array of ecosystem services they afford. The growth has given rise to the paradox of resource depletion through fragmentation and development while at the same time increasing the demand and need for these resources. In the context of publicly available nature-based recreation opportunities (e.g., protected areas, preserves, parks, lakes, rivers) lying near growing urban centers, the pressure can be particularly acute. Increased demand for these resources has led to ecological and social impacts. The diminished service quality increases human exposure to pollutants (e.g., water, air, noise), and stressors (e.g., conflict, crowding) within these environs. Given the array of psycho-social and physical benefits afforded by nature-based recreation opportunities, the depletion in service quality has potentially troubling implications for human wellbeing. In the context of aquatic opportunities (e.g., rivers, lakes) concern is exacerbated by both the limited availability of accessible resource substitutes and limited capacity to acquire or develop additional resources. Vaske and Shelbys (2008) meta-analysis of social carrying capacity research conducted in the context of nature-based recreation resources illustrated that for boating as a general participation category, of the 66 investigations conducted in the 30 years leading up to their analyses, 20 percent of respondents considered the condition encountered “greatly over capacity” of the resources ability to accommodate demand. When broken down into more specific aquatic categories, such as canoeing, those considering the resource demand “greatly over capacity” jumps to 50 percent. In this investigation, we document residents perceptions of shifting use patterns of an aquatic nature-based resource situated within the Austin MSA – Lake Travis – over an eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. Specifically, we examine the drivers of residents perceptions of setting density on the lake along with the cognitive and behavioral coping strategies they employ to maintain psychological homeostasis in conditions of rapid social and ecological change.
Call Number Serial 4302
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Author Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G.,
Title Recreation in Urban Forests: Monitoring Specific User Groups and Identifying their Needs with Video and GIS-support Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 296-301
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) In the urban forest of Stuttgart the forest roads are used by a growing number of people looking for recreation for their leisure activities. To manage and channel the different user groups within an optimized forest road network needs a lot of information: Number and composition of visitors, demands of different user groups concerning standard of roads and trails they use for their activities, conflicts that may rise between different users using the same road at the same time, dedication of roads to special activities (e.g. fitness trail, hiking trail...). Personal interviews with “experts” were made to obtain information about the specific demands of the different user groups, a new method of video monitoring was used to collect longtime information about number and composition of visitors, and analysis of road network was done with the help of GIS. The results show that these tools complement one another quite well and the combination of obtained data may help to channel visitor flows and to minimize conflicts between different user groups
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 502 Serial 2314
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Author Simma, A.; Schlich, R.; Axhausen, K.W.,
Title Destination Choice Modelling of Leisure Trips: The Case of Switzerland Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 150-158
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) In this paper the destination choice of Swiss within Switzerland is analysed. Information about variables influencing destination choice for different activity should be the result of the modelling process. The analyses are based on three pillars. A detailed database for all Swiss municipalities is the first pillar, nation wide demand data the second pillar. Additionally a suitable method is necessary. Because destination choice is a choice between discrete alternatives, Multi-nominal Logit models are used. Models for three different activity types – skiing, climbing and hiking respectively walking and swimming are estimated. In all models the importance of the distance between origin and destination becomes visible.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 458 Serial 2292
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Author Rudolphi, W.; Haider, W.,
Title Visitor Management and Ecological Integrity: One Example of an Integrated Management Approach Using Decision Analysis Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 143-149
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) In this paper we argue in favor of using a decision analysis framework for more integrated decision-making when managing protected areas. Such an approach will enable agencies to balance between the frequently conflicting goals of visitor management and ecological integrity. We present a case study from the West Coast Trail in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, BC, Canada, in which we use ELECTRE and AHP to establish a ranking of several management options. We conclude by suggesting that such a more formal framework constitutes a more objective decision support tool, assists in framing relevant management questions and tradeoffs, and at the same time provides guidance for data collection.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 456 Serial 2291
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Author Keßel, A.; Klüpfel, H.; Meyer-König, T.; Schreckenberg, M.,
Title A Concept for Coupling Empirical Data and Microscopic Simulation of Pedestrian Flows Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 199-204
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) In this paper we present a concept for coupling empirical data and a microscopic simulation of pedestrian motion. Since there is no automatic detection method available for this task up to now the main focus is on developing such a system. A review of the different detection methods is presented and the requirements are given an automatic system has to fulfil. Additionally, a possible realisation of such a detector is described. Experiences with such a system for vehicular traffic are reviewed.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 472 Serial 2299
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Author Kubícková, S.; Grega, L.,
Title Willingness to Pay for Rural Landscape Preservation Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 335-339
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) In this paper we present welfare estimates from a contingent valuation (CV) study, which investigates the potential benefits derived by tourists from the implementation of a programme aimed at preserving the traditional agricultural landscape in the Protected Landscape Area Bílé Karpaty. This area belongs to the most species-rich of the Central Europe. Since 1996 Bílé Karpary has been a biosphere reserve. Our hypothesis is that the agricultural working landscape is a visual resource that is an important attraction to tourists. Here due to the current market conditions arises a danger, that farming activities will be gradually abandoned. The supply of traditional agricultural landscape, which is characteristic for this area, generates economic benefits for which farmers receive little if any remuneration. Any policy aimed at correcting this market failure and providing a socially optimal level of landscape supply needs to be informed about the social demand for this peculiar public good. In this study we estimate the value of rural landscape in the area of Bílé Karpaty for tourism. The magnitude of this form of social benefits turns out to be sizeable and would probably justify – at least in part – a conservation policy aimed at correcting current market tendencies which cause the abandonment of traditional farming practices.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 514 Serial 2320
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Author Stokke, K.B.,
Title Visitor management for nature-based tourism and community development: Participation across protected area borders Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 27-29
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this paper, we discuss the role of the regional parks as a bridge-builder among the environmental conservation authority, municipalities and other actors in order to create sustainable synergies between tourism and community development
Call Number Serial 4046
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Author Dehez, J.; Lyser, S.; Kuentz, V., Ben Hadj Abdallah, K.
Title Place-based approach to outdoor recreation economics: empirical analysis of recreational deman in forests Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 394-396
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this paper, we take a first step towards the introduction of more place-based perspectives into the field of outdoor recreation economics. We examine the possibility of coupling two conceptual traditions, as synthesized by a dual definition of “proximity”.
Call Number Serial 4172
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Author Clemetsen, M.; Barane, J.,
Title Storytelling as an intermediary between local communities and visitors in nature-based tourism Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 36-38
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this paper, we will present and discuss methods to identify and activate potential resources for integrated tourism and community development and wellbeing, particularly using storytelling as a way to reveal resources and to focus on integrity and the ethical aspects of NBT
Call Number Serial 4049
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Author Shimojima, H.
Title Estimation of the environmental load of mountaineering activities in the Mt Manaslu region Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 473-475
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this research, we aim to develop a system that can combine high resolution imagery and Digital Surface Model (DSM) in the base camp and simple monitoring into one method in order to estimate the environmental burden associated with the climbing activities in the Manaslu Base Camp. We performed aerial photography of the base camp using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) and created DSM from Structure from Motion (SfM) of the obtained images. At the same time, positioning data of the feature was acquired through a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey, and a 3D topographic map was created.
Call Number Serial 4199
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Author Pouta, E.; Sievanen, T.; Neuvonene, M.
Title Accounting for cultural ecosystem services: a case of recreation services in Finland Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 260-261
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this study of cultural ecosystem service accounting the aim was to assess nature-based recreation in Finland by applying both physical and monetary measures. This presentation describes the methods and data sets used in analyses of indicators, thoughts of advantages and shortcomings, and identification of the gaps in data and methods. The presentation also discusses the opportunities to use the approach in broader European context.
Call Number Serial 4126
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Author Melichar, J., Kaprova, K.
Title Measuring recreation benefits of forest quality change with contingent behavior model Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 319-322
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) In this study, a single site travel cost model is applied to infer recreational values placed by visitors on Jizerské hory Mountains (JH), one of the oldest landscape protected areas in the Czech Republic. Observed and stated behavior of recreationists are analyzed and used to estimate welfare changes associated with four hypothetical programs that improve or degrade the environmental quality in the area. The hypothetical scenarios are (i) decline of the forest quality of the existing spruce wood in the near future because of continuing air pollution (70% of spruce forest destroyed), (ii) change of forestry composition to 80% of broad-leaved trees which are more resistant to air pollution than spruce wood, (iii) the designation of the bird area as a Natura 2000 network which will cover 40% of the area and increases the number of birds, and (iv) charging an entrance fee into the bird area of 30 CZK.
Call Number Serial 3960
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Author Pietila, M.; Fagerholm, N.,
Title A management perspective on using Public Participation GIS to monitor visitors Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 70-72
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) In this study, we assess the potential of PPGIS approaches from managers’ perspectives in the context of visitor use planning in national parks. The aim is to increase the understanding of how the PPGIS method could aid the planning for visitor use in parks and related recreation areas.
Call Number Serial 4059
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Author Gecek, S., Klanjscek, J., Marn, N., Legovic, T., Klanjscek, T.
Title Estimating benefits of nature conservation: ecosystem service valuation in Krka National Park (Croatia) Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 462-464
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) In this study, we estimate the benefits of ES in Krka National Park (Croatia) – to the local population and to the Park visitors. We develop new methodology to estimate indirect monetary benefits of nature-based tourism to local population (i.e. local economy), and non-monetary benefits of nature-based tourism to Park visitors. Additionally, using existing approaches (CICES), we estimate monetary benefits of provisional and regulating ecosystem services (ES), and direct monetary benefits of nature-based tourism (cultural ES).
Call Number Serial 4006
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Author Jakovic, B., Tubic, D., Baklan, R.
Title Touristic events as generators of visitations increase and tourism sustainability of Nature parks Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 117-119
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Increased demand and interest in outdoor recreation is an ideal opportunity for tourism development in protected areas, but also and challenge for park management to attract more visitors, meettheir needs andexpectations. Satisfying the needs as well and the expectations of the visitors, mostly lead to achieving a higher level of touristic experience which brings multiple benefits for the visited protected areas, such as increased spending, longer stay, return, recommendation etc.Seeing that the revenues from traditional government sources decreasing, tourism provides a vital source of revenues for park agencies. It also provides a key means for protected area agencies to realize their objectives relating to visitor appreciation and enjoyment (Bushell, Eagles, 2006). Anyway, the tourism development in protected areas brings not only benefits, but also the expenses, from the ecological, economical and sociocultural point of view.Ensuring that tourism contributes to the sustainable management of protected areas, it will require enhanced cooperation and partnerships among the tourism industry, governments at all levels, local communities, protected area managers and planners (Eagles et al., 2002).
Call Number Serial 3896
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Author Sisneros-Kidd, A.; D'Antonio, A.; Monz, C.; Mitrovich, M.,
Title Motivations and spatial behaviors of urban-proximate park visitors: Complexities and interactions Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 338-339
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Increases in visitor use of parks and protected areas (PPAs) worldwide are challenging managers ability to provide for a quality visitor experience while also maintaining the integrity of natural resources (Geng et al., 2021). In urban PPAs, high levels of use by a diverse population of recrea-tionists are often observed year-round. Further, these areas often serve larger conservation pur-poses, such as protecting wildlife habitat, and tend to be understudied compared to larger PPAs situated in more rural areas (Hockett, Marion, & Leung, 2017; Wolch, Bryne, & Newell, 2014). Understanding visitor motivations and spatial behaviors are important for effective manage-ment of PPA resources and providing quality visi-tor experiences. However, visitor motivations and spatial behaviors are often studied separate-ly, with visitor motivations studied via visitor surveys and GPS-based tracking methods utilized to examine visitor spatial behavior patterns. Pre-vious efforts to link this data to examine differ-ences in spatial patterns as a result of visitor mo-tivations have proven inconclusive (e.g., Newton 2016 and Beeco et al., 2013) or focused on a single user type (Frey et al., 2018). Further, pre-vious research examining visitor motivations and spatial behaviors has focused on a single activity type in a small sections or areas of larger, often rural, PPAs.This study examined differences in visitor spatial behavior patterns for bikers and pedestri-ans as a function of differences in visitor motiva-tion type across several interconnected, urban-proximate PPAs in Orange County, California, USA. The study area provided visitors a wide array of highly accessible destinations to engage in multi-ple recreation activities, including mountain bik-ing, hiking/walking, running, and equestrian use. A paired visitor survey and GPS-based tracking effort was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and spatial behaviors. Spatial data was collected using GPS-based tracking methods, and motivation type was derived from multivari-ate statistical analysis of a 36-item visitor motiva-tion scale that appeared on a paired survey in-strument. The motivation scale consisted of 36 Likert-style questions derived from the Recrea-tion Experience Preference (REP) scale widely used to understand visitor motivations on public lands in the United States. Visitors to six different recreation areas in Orange County, CA, USA were randomly selected to participate in the research during the months of May and October, 2021. Each recreation area was sampled for three non-consecutive days between the hours of 7am and 7pm, stratified to include both weekend and weekday days. Visitors were asked to carry a GPS unit with them while recreating, and complete a survey upon the completion of their visit.
Call Number Serial 4350
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A.,
Title Social Carrying Capacity of Canoeists in Austria´s Danube Floodplains National Park Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 256-263
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Increasing recreational activities in National Parks affect natural resources as well as the recreational quality. In the Danube Floodplains National Park, stagnant waters, such as the Stopfenreuter and Spittelauer Arm, are a crucial component for ecological integrity, and at the same time constitute a main visitor attraction. In the summers of 2002 and 2003 a visitor survey investigated the perceived crowding of canoeists and whether the social carrying capacity is exceeded. Results of this study are that the social carrying capacity of this area has obviously been reached at certain times.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 350 Serial 2383
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Author Manning, R.E.,
Title How Much is Too Much? Carrying Capacity of National Parks and Protected Areas Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 306-313
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) Increasing recreational use of national parks and protected areas can impact natural and cultural resources and the quality of the visitor experience. Determining how much recreational use can ultimately be accommodated in a park or protected area is often addressed through the concept of carrying capacity. Contemporary approaches to carrying capacity – including the Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) framework developed by the U.S. National Park Service – rely on formulation of indicators and standards of quality of natural/cultural resources and the visitor experience. This paper describes the VERP framework and its application in the U.S. national park system, including a program of research designed to help formulate indicators and standards of quality.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 506 Serial 2316
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Author Pickering, C.; Norman, P.,
Title Listening to public debate on Twitter about parks and other natural areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 244-245
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Increasingly those monitoring and managing natural areas are interested to know what people talk about in relation to these landscapes and tourism and recreation activities within them. But obtaining such data can be challenging with methods such as surveys, focus groups, interviews and others limited in scale and time due to logistical and financial constraints. With increasing debate occurring online about a wide range of issues, it is increasingly possible to listen into such discussions to monitor who talks about what places and issues and how they feel about them, as well as monitor responses to specific events (Norman, 2020). Park agencies, governments and tourism operators are already using popular social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, to communicate with visitors and others about issues relating to visitation such as natural disasters, social unrest, the closure of parks, trails, roads or other facilities, as well as the promotion of specific events and activities. Some platforms, such as Twitter, also provide the opportunity to not only listen to peoples responses to what organizations post, but also monitor more general conversations about a wide range of relevant issues in the form of 280 character tweets posted to the platform (Norman, 2020; Teles da Mota and Pickering, 2020). Here we review some of the benefits and limitations when using Twitter to monitor public debate about natural landscapes and visitation highlighted in a range of recent papers and projects. 
Call Number Serial 4309
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Author Griffin, T.; Moore, S.A.; Darcy, S.; Crilley, G.,
Title Developing a national approach to visitor data collection, management and use for protected areas: thoughts from Australian research and practice Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 305-309
Keywords MMV4, Benchmarking, national approach, performance indicators, protected area management, visitor data
Abstract (up) Information on visitor numbers, activities, expectations and satisfaction is vital for protected areas managers on two counts: to assist in the provision of the services and facilities that visitors need and want; and to determine if managers have been efficient and effective in meeting these demands. This paper builds on a recently completed national study in Australia of visitor data collection and usage, and the future visitor data needs, of protected area management agencies. Australia is a federation of states and provides a challenging backdrop for developing a national approach as most responsibilities for protected areas rest with the states rather than the national government. Thus, the success of such an approach rests on cooperation rather than an overarching national regulatory responsibility. The study found that all protected area agencies collected visitor data, however, their approaches were highly variable in what was measured, how the measurements were applied and how data were managed and used. This variability was problematic because it becomes very difficult to determine issues of general importance for protected area management or to benchmark performance across areas. Based on these findings and knowledge of the institutional settings for protected area management in Australia, this paper poses some ideas for progressing a national approach for standardising the measures and measurement of key variables so that comparisons and benchmarking become possible and reliable. Core and supplementary visitor data variables can be identified, with the former being of national interest and hence requiring collection and storage under national coordination and guidance. Implementing such an approach will require working creatively and collaboratively within the current institutional settings.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1024 Serial 2633
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Author Shimazaki, Y.; Crowley, C.,
Title What do website review activities imply about natural park users? Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 62-63
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Information-provision is a low-cost way of potentially affecting levels of park use. Providing information about amenities at various parks, along with information on current conditions can affect users choices of where to visit [Shimazaki and Crowley (2014)]. This is similar to how profit maximizing firms provide information (often as advertisements) to attract consumers. However, this tool may not always be used effectively by non-profit-maximizing park managers. Shimazaki et al. (2017) quantified the amount of information available on Japanese national park web sites created by the government managing authority, and investigated the relationship between information and the degree of national park use. They found that the amount of information posted on the authoritys web site is not related to the park visitation. Some internet services provide a platform to exchange information. Social network services allow users to transmit information not only among people with which the user has an established relationship, but also more widely, among people with no previous contact. Other internet services are specially designed to allow people to post public reviews of what they purchased or experienced.Such information on the internet often reflects peoples preferences, based on what they find worth mentioning, providing an indication of their underlying utility functions. For non-marketed goods like public goods and common resources, uncovering the factors affecting peoples perceived quality of experience is crucial for the management of resources. In this study, we investigate what information are park users are transmitting, focusing on subjective information such as user reviews from internet travel services. We also investigate the correlation between the number of review activities and the official visitor counts of parks to see if review activities can be used for estimating the number of park visits. The results of this study would help park management authorities seeking to optimize park user experiences, for example through information provision.
Call Number Serial 4226
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Author Pfeifer, J.; Hennig, S.; Opp, C.,
Title Analysis of visitor nodes as a tool for visitor management by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 121-126
Keywords MMV4, visitor nodes, recreational use, visitor management, infrastructure and statistical analysis
Abstract (up) Infrastructural elements in protected areas play an important role for visitors. They provide equipment to visitor activities and their demands. However data on infrastructure is frequently disregarded. Concepts and models to collect and deal with infrastructure data have to be developed. In Berchtesgaden National Park the concept of visitor nodes is used in order to support visitor management. Identification of 81 visitor nodes in this protected area took place. They have been classified into five categories: “place for excursions”, “destination for hiking”, “information”, “resting” and “orientation”. Each category is characterized through a defined standard supply. By using categories, evaluation of each visitor node was done. Deficits as well as satisfying situations became observably.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 942 Serial 2592
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Author Blye, C.-J., Halpenny, E.
Title Do Canadian’s Leave No Trace? A study examining the pro-environmental behaviours of front-country and back-country overnight park visitors Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 454-457
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Inherent in the term outdoor recreation is the interaction between humans and the natural environment. However, this interaction creates inevitable impacts on the natural environment, such as soil compaction and habitat fragmentation(Hammitt, Cole, & Monz, 2015). Some research has been done to investigate how back-country (BC) overnight visitors mitigate these negative impacts through low-impact camping practices, however little has been done on the millions of front-country (FC) overnight visitors. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of engagement in pro-environmental behviours of Canadian provincial parks users and compare those practices of FC and BC overnight visitors. Park visitors’ knowledge of, intent to engage in and actual practice of Leave No Trace (LNT) practices were measured. Guided by value beliefs norm theory and the theory of planned behavior, additional factors that influence these visitors’ engagement in pro-environmental practice were also measured(Ajzen, 1991, Stern, Dietz, Abel, Guagnano, & Kalof, 1999).
Call Number Serial 4004
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Author Beunen, R.
Title Innovation in Protected Area Governance: Competing Models and Their Impact in Different Places Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 5-6
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Innovation has become a key topic in the ongoing search for more effective, efficient and legitimate forms of protected area governance. In response to changing circumstances, new management challenges, and failed policies, managers of protected areas are continuously rethinking and adapting their policies and practices and exploring new ones. Over the years it has become clear that the sustainable management of protected areas remains a difficult challenge. The huge diversity of practices shows that protected areas can be governed in many different ways and that approaches should be dynamic. Management practices regularly need to be revised in order to adapt to changing social and ecological circumstances. Managers for example need to deal with increasing visitor numbers, changing visitor’ demands, environmental pressures due to recreational activities, budget cuts, or changing organizational beliefs. To some extend such changes reflect wider societal developments, such as emerging trends in outdoor activities, a changing political landscape, or economic ups and downs.
Call Number Serial 3860
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Author Grossmann, M.; Klaphake, A.; Meyerhoff, J.,
Title Canoes versus birds or canoeists versus canoeists? Combining interview survey and visitor monitoring to inform visitor management in the Mueritz National Park Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 277-284
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Intensive use of canoeing trails in national parks can impact both wildlife and the satisfaction of paddlers. This paper focuses on paddlers’ perception of congestion in the National Park Mueritz (Germany) and the effectiveness of different management options. Our theoretical discussion is based on the economics of congestion and the social science literature on carrying capacity of recreational resources. For the empirical application, we use interview survey and monitoring data. While our results suggest a high relevance of congestion on canoeists’ satisfaction, the acceptance of a quota system does not exceed 30 percent. We employ a statistical analysis to describe the effect of different use levels on the quality of the paddling experience. We further use the travel cost method for a rough prediction of the effect of pricing strategies (entrance fee) on use levels.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 302 Serial 2359
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Author Thapa, K.
Title Assessing economic impact of national park visitation in Nepal Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 439-441
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorized Protected Areas into six categories depending on management objectives. National park (IUCN category II) is the large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities (Dudley, 2008). Thus, national park provides opportunities for recreation and tourism besides conservation of biodiversity and ecological processes. . Tourism and Recreation which forms part of the cultural ecosystem services provide benefits to local, regional and international community in the form of nature visit, wilderness experience and economic contribution.
Call Number Serial 4000
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Author Ludwig, T.; Vitek, O.
Title Interpret Europe – for all who use first-hand experiences to give natural or cultural heritage a deeper meaning Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 488
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Interpret Europe (“IE”) is dedicated to heritage interpretation. It is the most prominent task of heritage interpretation to support people in experiencing deeper meaning in heritage. In Yosemite Valley, nature conservationist John Muir reflected on wild nature. In 1871, he first coined the term ‘interpretation’ for becoming acquainted with natural heritage (Wolfe, 1978). To explain professional heritage interpretation, the interpretive triangle is used and the combination of four qualities is highlighted. The four key parameters: meaning, experience, participation and stewardship, describe what heritage interpretation is aiming for.
Call Number Serial 4205
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Author Helgadottir, G.; Sigurdardottir, I.
Title Riding Horses in protected areas – heritage and/or harm ? Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 92-94
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Is a trail a scar on the face of earth? This paper explores these and other positions through the case of horse riding in Icelandic national parks. The attitude and experiences of managers, horse owners, conservationists, other residents as well as domestic and international riders towards horse-tourism, natural and cultural heritage conservation and the different kinds of riding trails were investigated
Call Number Serial 4067
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Author Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E.,
Title Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 114-119
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401 Serial 2408
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Author Melville, S.J.,
Title Visitor Satisfaction Surveys and the Development of Access Standards for National Nature Reserves in England Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 64-71
Keywords MMV3, Qualitative monitoring, work planning, access standards, visitor satisfaction
Abstract (up) It is estimated that National Nature Reserves in England receive around 15 million visitors each year, and this number is increasing. Since the mid 1990s English Nature has undertaken a series of visitor satisfaction surveys on a number of the National Nature Reserves in England. The purpose of the initial studies was to establish the visitors’ understanding of National Nature Reserves and what it was that those visitors wanted by way of facilities to improve the experience of their visit. The results of the surveys influenced the development of ‘access standards’ for use in work planning and financial resource allocation across the suite of 160 National Nature Reserves managed by English Nature. Following major investment between 2002-2004, a further round of visitor satisfaction surveys has been completed and this paper discusses the results of these and the implications for future access improvement funding and works.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 600 Serial 2424
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.,
Title The role of agent-based simulation in recreational management and planning Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 33-39
Keywords MMV4, Agent based models, ABM, simulation, recreational management and planning
Abstract (up) It is expected that agent-based simulation models will be increasingly implemented during planning and management of visitor landscapes. This expectation is based on a) changes of recreation towards greater visitation levels and more complex settings in terms of stake-holder interests, recreational behavior types and a higher focus on protection of biodiversity, b) technological development of digital equipment, and c) a changing approach to nature planning and management to be more open, inviting and aimed at stake-holder and public participation. Based on these three lines of sight, the paper will discuss future trends in application of ABM’s in recreational management and planning.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 892 Serial 2568
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Author Absher, J.D.; Graefe, A.R.; Kyle, G.T.,
Title A reassessment of the encounter – norm – crowding relationship for reservoir-based recreation Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 101-101
Keywords MMV4, Carrying capacity, recreational capacity management, reservoir-based recreation
Abstract (up) It is generally accepted that recreation capacity decisions rely heavily on an evaluative component, especially those related to crowding. However, there are many unresolved issues in measurement and recreational capacity management arising from such an approach (e.g., Vaske & Donnelley, 2002; Manning, et al., 1999). This paper reviews the research that supports a normative approach and analyzes data from seven reservoirs in the US (California, Arizona, Nevada and Texas; n= 4,682). For each lake similar preference, expectation, and evaluative measurements were obtained. The seven lakes serve a variety of boating interests including daily launch (trailer access), marina slip, and rental boating. For this analysis we compare expectations-based norms and differences in evaluative standards and effect size indicators that are appropriate to boating recreation on these lakes. Separately we also address type of access, craft, and setting specific crowding indicators (e.g. at launch site, on open water). Crowding is measured using the now standard 9-point scale (Vaske & Shelby, 2008). Analyses rely on simple comparative tests: t-test, effect size and ANOVA. Overall, the results show that for reservoir boating there is evidence for a generalized encounter-norm relationship and further demonstrate that self reports of crowding are useful to gauge variation attributable to particular uses and settings. The paper concludes with implications for further development of the notion of carrying capacity and its reliance on crowding measures as robust social indicators useful to boating management decisions
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 930 Serial 2587
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Author Keirle, I.,
Title An importance-performance study of visitor opinions concerning access into the countryside of Ceredigion Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 252-255
Keywords MMV4, Access, Importance-Performance Analysis, infrastructure, service quality
Abstract (up) It is important that countryside resource managers gain a full understanding of visitor needs and develop suitable facilities and infrastructure to respond to them. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is a simple and effective technique that can be used to identify those attributes of a product or service that visitors consider to be important and to gain responses on how these attributes are performing. This study based in the county of Ceredigion in Wales, used IPA to find the relationship between importance and performance for a range of attributes relating to the management of access into the countryside, covering the areas of infrastructure, information and product acceptability. The results indicated that attributes relating to infrastructure such as signposting and stiles were not performing to visitor expectations and issues relating to dog mess caused visitors the greatest concern. When sub-divided by user type the results showed a clear segregation as to what different user types considered important and their perception of performance.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1000 Serial 2621
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Author Deng, J.,
Title Estimating visit volume at the county level: An application of a variant form of the Lincoln Index method Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 66-67
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) It is important to have an accurate estimate of visit volume to a destination. While this may be easily done for a place with controlled gates and/or with ticket sales, it is a major challenge for a destination (e.g., a county) without gate counts. This study uses a variant form of the Lincoln Index method to estimate visit volume for Garrett County, Maryland based on data collected from two survey periods: 2008-2009 and 2019-2020.
Call Number Serial 4228
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Author Dalley, J.
Title Tranquility mapping: A tool for the equitable allocation of soundscapes in protected areas Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 451-453
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) It is well recognised that advanced industrialised societies have become progressively ‘noisy’ over time. This has led to the health and wellbeing benefits of tranquil spaces becoming increasingly recognised – and valued – around the world. Indeed, the search for tranquil environments is often the chief reason people give for escaping urban settings for ‘natural’ environments. Tranquillity in natural environments is a combination of both ‘natural’ landscapes – and ‘natural’ soundscapes. The preservation and conservation of natural environments therefore requires the management of not just natural landscapes and ecosystems, but also their associated soundscapes. Natural soundscapes are finite: at any place and time the soundscape is 100% ‘natural’ unless affected by ‘unnatural’ human-caused sounds. Therefore, the primary challenge to preserving and conserving natural soundscapes in protected areas is the management of unwanted human-caused sound – or ‘anthropogenic noise’.
Call Number Serial 4003
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Author Delphine, L.; Morales, E.; Theriault, W.; Tang, B.; Routhier, F.; Mortenson, W. B.; Prescott, M.,
Title “Inclusive Parks”: A scoping review of accessibility standards for people with disabili-ties Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 314-315
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) It is well recognized that access to green and blue spaces have physical, social, psychological and health benefits for people with and without disabilities (Gascon et al., 2017; Labbé et al., 2019; Markevych et al., 2017; Merrick et al., 2020; Rugel et al., 2019, Zhang et al, 2019.). However, many people with disabilities are still excluded from these spaces because of accessibility issues (Burns et al., 2009). The federal government has determined that accessibility for people with disabilities in Canadas world-renowned national parks should be addressed (Marcastel, 2019). Historically, standards have focused on promoting access for people with physical disabilities; however, existing accessibility standards are relatively dated and have had less emphasis on people who experience cognitive or sensory challenges (i.e., visual or auditory) (Parks Canada, 1994). For example, wayfinding is emerging as a critical topic for different disabilities to identify accessible routes for planning purposes and enable real-time navigation. Moreover, environmental features intended for one group (e.g., tactile sidewalk sections for people with vision problems) may make it challenging for people from another group (e.g., those who use mobility devices like wheelchairs) (Ormerod et al., 2015). It is thus important to avoid developing standards in a siloed manner (i.e., with only one disability group in mind). This scoping review is part of the project Providing Accessible ReCreation Outdoors: User-driven Research on Standards (PARCOURS) which overarching goal is to improve the Canadian accessibility standards for national parks funded by the Canadian Accessibility Standards Development Organization. The first phase of this project was to conduct a scoping review to compare and contrast existing international and national standards and novel research evidence to inform the development of revised standards.  The question guiding the search for relevant studies was “What are the current accessibility standards in terms of outdoor spaces, including parks to allow people with disabilities to enjoy the natural environments in their community?”
Call Number Serial 4339
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