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Author Burns, R.C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Use of various of data in decision making: A transportation case study in Seattle, Washington, USA Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 269-270  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Access to outdoor recreation settings can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, including access through transportation methods that enable people to visit recreation areas. This roundtable discussion paper focuses on understanding residents’ preferences for a potential transportation method from a major urban setting (the Seattle-Metro area) to the western, more accessible fringes of the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (MBS), in the US state of Washington. The study involved a series of quantitative studies, focusing on MBS users and non-users.  
  Call Number Serial 4129  
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Author Keirle, I.; Stephens, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Do walkers stay on footpaths? An observational study of Cwm Idwal in the Snowdonia National Park Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 143-148  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) Access to the countryside of England and Wales is at present being extended through new powers created by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000). This has for the first time introduced a statutory right of open access to areas designated on maps as mountain (land situated above 600m), moor, heath, down or registered common land. This paper considers the behaviour of visitors in relation to whether they choose to exert their ‘right to roam’ at Cwm Idwal, a popular mountain area located within the Snowdonia National Park in north Wales where access to open countryside is de facto (through custom). The study used an observational technique to establish the distribution and group size of visitors over a pre-defined observation area. The results showed that visitors predominantly stayed on paths with only 9.5% of groups of size twelve deviating from linear access routes.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 389 Serial 2402  
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Author Arnegger, J., Schaaff, C., Gokhelashvili, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Supporting Georgia’s Protected Areas: Linking Conservation and Local Development Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 61-63  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) According to Aichi target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the global network of protected areas (PAs) shall be extended to cover 17% of all terrestrial areas by 2020. Internationally, progress has been achieved, with PAs now covering 12.5% of all terrestrial land. Challenges remain: Notably developing countries still lack both capacity and financial resources to adequately set up and manage PA systems, a gap that requires continuous commitment of international donors (di Minin & Toivonen, 2015). In this regard, approaches that aim to reconcile conservation and poverty reduction have been increasingly common in recent years: Between 1980 and 2008, almost three quarters of the total international aid allocated for biodiversity conservation was targeting “mixed” projects that explicitly addressed both ecological and economic objectives (Miller, 2014). This contribution presents one such project, the Support Programme for Protected Areas in Georgia (SPPA), and introduces the local context and existing challenges.  
  Call Number Serial 3878  
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Author Pouwels, R.; Van Eupen, M.; Walvoort, D.; Jochem, R., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using GPS monitoring to develop tools for managers to assess the impact of management interventions on visitor densities and bird populations Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 336-337  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Achieving objectives for outdoor recreation as well as nature conservation in protected areas is a challenge as outdoor recreation can have nega-tive impacts on nature (Larson et al. 2016). To manage the potential conflict between outdoor recreation and nature conservation, managers often need to intervene. One of the most com-mon interventions is restricting visitors access (Hammitt et al. 2015). Although the necessity for such restrictions is easy to explain, managers need information on the effectiveness of these interventions. As visitor densities vary across pro-tected areas and the combined impact of all visi-tors is difficult to assess, managers often lack this information. Here we present an approach based on GPS-tracking and bird monitoring, managers can use to assess the impact of different access scenarios for the New Forest, UK. For most part the approach and results have been describe in Pouwels et al. (2020).  
  Call Number Serial 4349  
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Author Walden-Schreiner, C., Leung, Y.-F. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Incorporating the digital footprints of visitors in protected area use and impact monitoring: Case studies from the USA and Australia Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 274-276  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Advances in mobile and internet-based technologies haveencouraged examinations of non-traditional spatial data products and innovative data collection methods for research in a variety of disciplines. User-generated spatial content (UGSC) is increasingly leveraged to help address questions involving human-environment interactions (Sui, Elwood, & Goodchild, 2013). Protected areas (PAs) are an especially relevant context in which to explore the capacity of UGSC given the central role PAs represent in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provisioning, including recreation and tourism. To fulfill management objectives designed to minimize use-related impacts to natural resources, while providing opportunities for visitors, managers require timely and accurate data on not only the extent of different resource impacts, but also the precipitating or contributing factors such as visitor use activities, densities, and distribution (Hammitt, Cole, &Monz, 2015).  
  Call Number Serial 3944  
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Author Kobayashi, A., Jones, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Back to the North Japan Alps: A comparative Investigation of Incident Causes and Risks Profiles of Different Alpine Areas Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 356-359  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Against a backdrop of increasing incidents and rescues across Japan’s mountains, Kobayashi and Jones (2016) investigated the profile of vulnerable segments, especially older climbers, via the case study of the North Japan Alps. This paper revisits the same site: known as the birth-place of modern mountaineering in Japan, trends in this national park have national relevance (Murakoshi, 2010). Drawing on a longitudinally expanded database extracted from police reports, this paper extends previous research by comparing incident cause factors and risk profiles of different Alpine areas.  
  Call Number Serial 4160  
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Author Dybsand, H.N.H.; Stensland, S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Centrality to life and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The case of musk ox safaris in Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, Norway Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 140-141  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Ajzens (1985) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most recognized frameworks for understanding wildlife-related behaviors. According to this framework, intentions to perform behaviors can be predicted from attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral intentions are evaluated as how likely a person is to perform a behavior in the future, with these intentions accounting for a considerable amount of variance in actual behavior together with perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991). Involvement is another useful concept when studying behavioral outcomes, as highly involved participants can hold more intense attitudes and emotions, that may in turn influence future behavior (Burke & Stets, 1999; Havitz & Dimanche, 1999). Understanding a possible relationship between involvement and TPB may provide further insight on wildlife-related behaviors, as the literature suggests both concepts have effects on behavioral intentions. However, to the best of the authors knowledge there are no previous studies combining TPB and involvement in a wildlife watching tourism context. Meanwhile, one of wildlife watching tourisms main justifications is its potential to improve participants empathy and actions toward wildlife and the environment (Hughes, 2013). However, some activities are better suited for this purpose than others, and short duration and mass marketed activities oriented toward a single focal species may not have this effect (Curtin, 2013).Our study investigates connections between TPB and centrality to life, a concept that is often used to measure involvement when studying participants degree of recreation specialization (Scott & Shafer, 2001) and enduring involvement (Forgas-Coll et al., 2017). Additionally, we investigated participants intentions to perform three pro-environmental behaviors that benefits wildlife following a wildlife watching experience.  
  Call Number Serial 4263  
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Author Dehez, J.; Lyser, S., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Comparing participation in different invasive aquatic plant management programs among recreational users of freshwater lakes in southwest France Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 38-39  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Alien species can have major ecological and socioec- onomic impacts and so effective management are needed. In this perspective, one increasingly seeks to involve end users, such a recreational users (Shackle- ton, Adriaens et al. 2019). Recreational users may share valuable knowledge about the ecological eco- systems at stake. They have time, materials and money to afford. In the literature, several studies have looked at factors that increase user involve- ment highlighting the effect of variables such as e.g. perceptions, information, or education. Neverthe- less, these behaviors are often studied separately or, conversely, grouped into a single category called “pro-environmental behaviors” (Halpenny 2010). Without excluding the possibility of common factors affecting these behaviors, we consider that behav- iors are not necessarily homogeneous. In particular, the nature of the operations to be carried out may be very important (Niemiec, Ardoin et al. 2017, Pa- gès, Fischer et al. 2019). This is what we study in de- tail in this paper.  
  Call Number Serial 4214  
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Author Prescott, M.; Robillard, J.; Grandisson, M.; Mahmood, A.; Francois, R.; Best, K.L.; Labbe, D.; Mostafavi, M. A.; Miller, W. C.; Morales, E.; Sawatzky, B.; Bulk, L.; Aguilar-Carrasco, M. J.; Borisoff, J.; Mortenson, W. B., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Providing accessible recreation outdoors: User-driven research on standards (PARCOURS) – Research protocol Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 316-317  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Although people with disabilities desire outdoor park experiences similar to other visitors, getting around parks and enjoying their features can be a challenge. There are environmental obstacles and hazards that affect the accessibility and enjoyment of parks (i.e., wayfaring) as well as difficulties maintaining orientation and direction (i.e., wayfinding) that can result in anxiety. These conditions can diminish the many benefits attributable to park participation. In Canada, federal parks have a duty to accommodate, as best they can, the diverse needs and preferences of people with disabilities who make up 22.3% of the population. In response to this imperative, Canada is in the process of developing accessibility standards to ensure universal access. The overarching purpose of this study, funded by Accessible Standards Canada (ASC), is to inform these standards through the lived experiences of people with disabilities. The objectives are to identify and prioritize the impact environmental factors have on the ability of individuals to gain access to and enjoyment of all aspects of the park experience, document the range of these requirements, and develop and prioritize standards that can be used by parks to promote accessibility in parks. The following describes the proposed protocol for the study.  
  Call Number Serial 4340  
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Author Zega, M., Grmovsek, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Protecting & Evaluating Geoheritagein Slovenia – Today’s Issues & Challenges Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 412-412  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Although Slovenia is a small country, it boasts with well-preserved diversity in natural and cultural resources.Many merits go to the first conscious and forward-looking individuals, which at the end of 19th century came up with theideaof protecting the worthiest parts of nature, one example isThe proposition for protection of the Triglav lakes valley, handed by A. Belar in 1908 to Austro-Hungarian government. Today, the worthiest parts of nature on the territory of Slovenia are protected under the Nature Conservation Act (NCA)and other accompanying regulations.NCA acknowledges two pillars of nature conservation: (1) natural valuable features protection preservation,and (2) biodiversity. Preservation of biodiversity is mostly provided through Natura 2000network and analogous approaches, while protection of natural valuable features covers the entire natural heritage in Slovenia. In nature these represent: palaeontological sites, karstic and glacier phenomena, waterfalls, lakes, forests, botanic parks… By the NCA they are sorted indifferent categories: geological, geomorphological, hydrological, dendrological, zoological, botanical, ecosystemic, designed and valuable landscape, minerals and fossils.  
  Call Number Serial 3990  
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Author Barbirato, A.; Favaretto, F.; Bottazzo, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Peregrine Falcon at Rocca Pendice: a difficult but possible relationship Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 472-474  
  Keywords MMV4, Protection, Peregrine falcon, alpine climbers  
  Abstract (up) Among the family of Falconidae, Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is considered to be the most beautiful and fascinating member of its family. The history and fame of this family dates back to ancient times and the frequent crisis that this species underwent in the years triggered preservation actions that often dealt with climbing and nesting of this bird. The discover in 2001 of a couple of Peregrine falcon that nested on the Eastern cliff of Rocca Pendice brought up the problem of overlapping between the two species (falcon and man) forcing the management of the Colli Euganei Park to assess the situation with LIPU and CAI in order to find a common strategy to solve the problem. From 2001 to nowadays several limitation strategies have been applied with different results depending upon the protected area along with the protection period. The action plans that are hereafter described have proved a positive effect on nesting of the bird. Although climbers have undergone disadvantages because of these decisions we have recorded an increased sensibility in the problem by them that led to a respectful use of the cliff. The encouraging results show how a good collaboration is possible to establish a peaceful cohabitation between sport tourism and endangered species in protected areas.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1086 Serial 2664  
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Author Michot, T.; Fuchs, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature sports and environmental impacts: what do participants think ? Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 95-96  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) An online questionnaire survey was conducted as part of a work with master students, teaching support on the theme “sport and sustainable development” (November 2016). This survey was constructed on the basis of respondents actual sports practices, their opinions of their relationship to the environment, their perception of a few practices considered as « nature », and 5 motivations that pushed them to practice.  
  Call Number Serial 4068  
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Author Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 100-105  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364 Serial 2390  
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Author Marandola, D.; Raschi, A.; Tognetti, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Are Natura2000 SPAs and SACs perceived by local communities like important elements for local development? The case study of Fortore-Alto Tammaro, a rural area on the mid-southern Apennines Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 492-493  
  Keywords MMV4, Natural resources, eco-agri-tourism, rural development  
  Abstract (up) Apenninic areas cover a wide part of the italian surface and represent an important element of conservation for cultural, biological, economical and social diversity. Many difficulties, however, expose these internal areas to high risks of abandonment and loss of diversity. A long-run research project aims to calibrate action models for sustainable rural development based on eco-agri-tourism, also to promote conservation and knowledge of local natural resources.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1102 Serial 2672  
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Author Hunziker, M.; Kleiner, A.; Freuler, B.; Arnberger, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Experimental long term evaluation of measures to reduce bikers-hikers conflicts – an example of an urban forest in Switzerland Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 336-338  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) As a measure to deal with the conflict, the City of Zürich 2005 built a bike trail to keep the bikers on a separate route. In addition, an accompanying information campaign was launched, and the transport of bikes on the train up to the Uetliberg mountain, where the trail starts, was banned. The aim of our study was to evaluate these management measures. To reach this aim, the following research questions had to be answered: 1. How was the acceptance of the management measures (trail, communication, bike-transport ban) taken by the authorities? 2. What was the actual effect (short and long-term) of the management measures regarding resolution of conflicts between hikers and bikers?  
  Call Number Serial 4155  
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Author Roovers, P.; Dumont, B.; Gulinck, H.; Hermy, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visual obstruction of herb vegetation, defining standards for natural barriers Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 400-403  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) As a result of increasing impact of recreation on natural resources and visitor experiences, wilderness managers often want to control recreational use. However, most of the attempts to alter wilderness recreational use patterns, suffer from a lack of knowledge of visitors’ behaviour they seek to influence. This study concentrated on the effects of ground vegetation on perceived obstruction to recreationists. The aim was to define marginal values for the structure of natural barriers. Ratings by participants (n= 131) on a five-point scale, measured perceived obstruction. These ratings were linked to vertical cover of the vegetation. Analyses indicated a significant exponential relationship between vertical cover and perceived obstruction. A marginal vegetation height of about 54 cm could be identified as having obstructive features. Also the condition of the soil and the presence of irritating species seemed to influence visitors’ judgement. It was concluded that a more intensive use of natural barriers to control recreational use, is a functional alternative with economical and aesthetical advantages.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 338 Serial 2377  
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Author Puhakka, R.; Cottrell, S.P.; Siikamäki, P., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Role of Oulanka PAN Park in Local Community Development in Northeastern Finland Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 78-82  
  Keywords MMV4, certification, national parks, PAN Parks, sustainable tourism  
  Abstract (up) As a result of the growth of nature-based tourism, national parks have become important tourist attractions in Finland, and they have an increasing role as tools for regional development especially in the northern peripheries of the country. Meanwhile, new international initiatives to develop sustainable nature-based tourism have been introduced in Finland. PAN (Protected Area Network) Parks Foundation is a non-profit organization aimed to balance the needs of wilderness protection and community development by facilitating sustainable tourism development in European parks. This study examines the socio-cultural sustainability of tourism in Oulanka National Park perceived by local stakeholders. The central question concerns the role of PAN Parks certification in community and tourism development. Does it benefit socio-cultural development in the region, and does it have some disadvantages from the perspective of local people? The study is based on a mixed methods approach including a questionnaire (n=314) and semi-structured interviews (n=40) conducted in Oulanka region in 2007 for representatives of NGOs, tourism and other businesses, municipalities and public sector, and local residents. Findings show that most of the stakeholders have a positive attitude towards tourism development in Oulanka. The economic benefits of PAN Parks status have not yet been realized, but locals expect the benefits will grow while tourists’ familiarity with PAN Parks increases. Local residents’ knowledge of PAN Parks is still weak. Although nature-based tourism benefits community in various ways, locals also perceive disadvantages caused by the park. The biggest problems identified in the study are related to participation possibilities and contradictions with traditional subsistence economies (e.g., fishing, hunting and reindeer herding). Thus, it is essential to pay attention to the distribution of benefits and burdens of the park development – also to those which are not related to monetary interests. Increasing co-operation with local stakeholders could improve the mutual relations.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 918 Serial 2581  
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Author Spernbauer, B.; Monz, C.; Smith, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Impacts and trade-offs of alternative transportation systems in U.S. National Parks Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 166-167  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) As climate change continues to become a serious threat to social and ecological systems, strategies to reduce emissions are becoming increasingly important. Many park and protected area management agencies have begun to seriously consider their role in contributing to, and possibly mitigating, climate change. The US National Park Service, for example, has attempted to reduce the emissions generated as a result of park visitation by implementing alternative transportation systems (ATS) at select national parks across the country. Those most commonly include voluntary or mandatory shuttle systems. Despite their promise of reducing emissions while also alleviating congestion and capacity issues, the implementation of ATS can have other consequences such as negatively affecting visitor experiences, resource conditions at attraction sites, and park budgets (Law- son et al., 2017; Manning et al., 2014). National park managers are consequently placed in the precarious position of having to consider the visitor experience, resource protection, and economic development (National Park Service, 2004). Balancing trade-offs between environmental, social, and economic interests is made more difficult given the lack of research which has taken a comprehensive approach to the implications of ATS. This research begins to fill this gap by systematically examining the primary and secondary impacts of ATS in US National Parks. By doing so, we provide managers and researchers with a holistic view on the topic, and point out the trade-offs that need to be considered when considering implementing or expanding an ATS.  
  Call Number Serial 4275  
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Author Mayer, M.; Sinclair, M.; Woltering, M.; Ghermandi, A., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Opportunities and limits of social media data for monitoring and valuing visitation in protected areas – evidence from the German national parks Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 286-287  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) As exemplified by the recent review articles by Ghermandi and Sinclair (2019) and Teles de la Mota and Pickering (2020), social media as data source for environmental sciences, nature-based tourism and visitor monitoring is a highly dynamic field. However, what is missing despite many promising results are validations of the results of social media analyses against those obtained with “traditional” onsite visitor monitoring approaches. Therefore, we compare in this contribution social media data (Sinclair et al. 2020a,b) and onsite survey results (e.g. Job et al. 2016) in nearly all German national parks with respect to visitor provenance, visitor type (local, day-tripper, vacationists) and recreational value of national park visits (consumer surplus). Furthermore, we estimate visitation numbers based on social media data for protected areas without systematic visitor counting and provide information about the spatio-temporal visitor behavior in the protected areas.  
  Call Number Serial 4327  
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Author Riseth, J.Å., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Parks for whom? A Norwegian policy dilemma: recreation vs indigenous interests Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 384-389  
  Keywords MMV4, Commercial tourism, convention on biological diversity, indigenous interests, IUCN category VI Yellowstone model  
  Abstract (up) As most countries, Norway has adopted the Yellowstone model for nature protection; limiting humans’ role to be guests in nature. The country established its first national park in 1962. In 2008, 14.3 % of the mainland is formally protected; including 29 national parks, many established newly. Recent decades’ growing concern of the insufficiency of this protection model includes the lack of seeing conservation as a social issue, not only a biological one, was confirmed by the Vth World Park Conference in 2003. The same year the Norwegian government advanced a new policy for increased use of national parks for commercial tourism, named the “Mountain Text”. The fact not addressed is that 18 of 29 parks are situated in Sámi reindeer pasture areas. The contemporary policy has revealed an unexpected conflict of objectives. Whereas the Mountain Text strengthen the goal of recreation, affected Sámi herders fear that parks instead of protection for them will mean increased disturbance of vulnerable animals and areas and accordingly have changed their basic attitudes from being positive to becoming ambiguous towards new parks and park extensions. This is a problem both in equity as well as efficiency perspective and also a source of new conflicts. Norway currently reforms its conservation legislation to reinforce biodiversity protection. Though indigenous interests have not so far become a core issue in this process; this process and the international process under the Convention on Biological Diversity together create a window of opportunities for reconciling conflicting objectives. One of the relevant instruments is the IUCN Category VI, available from 1994, which juxtaposes biodiversity protection and sustainable use.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1056 Serial 2649  
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Author Stones, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title UK National Marine Parks: Managing Tourism and Recreation Through A Paradigm Shift of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 206-207  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) As Stones (2018) states, ‘with so many demands on humanity to overcome social injustice and environmental degradation it does seem absurd to rely on a ‘relative’ model to progress sustainable outcomes from tourism and recreation management strategies. So, with an entirely new model of national park being proposed in the UK, how will a National Marine Park look to progress sustainable outcomes from tourism and recreational use? Will it be through a similar principle of responsibility or will it endorse a paradigm shift and look to progress a new model of responsibility? The character and style of this presentation will use the presenter’s extensive expertise in national park and tourism management to provide a conceptual framework addressing this new model of management.  
  Call Number Serial 4107  
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Author Derek, M.; Kulczyk, S.; Wozniak, E.; Grzyb, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Where green is greener? Multi-data approach for typology of urban green spaces Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 386-387  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) As the global level of urbanization is rising, with 74% of Europeans living in urban areas (United Nations, 2018), public green spaces located with-in urban and peri-urban zone remain the most accessible (and sometimes unique) option of di-rect contact with nature. Such a contact can pro-vide a variety of immaterial benefits for humans, identified as Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES). Like other Ecosystem Services (ES), CES are vul-nerable to external impacts, such as urbanization processes. However, unlike other types of ES, cultural values of ecosystems or landscapes are irreplaceable: once destroyed, cannot be resti-tuted (Plieninger et al., 2013). Therefore, their proper management is the issue of a great im-portance. CES are co-production of environmen-tal features and cultural practices, what results in a constant need for new methodological solu-tions based on interdisciplinary approaches. Un-derstanding patterns of CES flow is recognized as crucial for effective landscape management and policy development (van Zanten et al., 2016).Hegetschweiler et al. (2017) found out that studies which had examined CES in urban areas tend to focus on supply or demand factors, but rarely establish links between one another. The need of further research on linkages be-tween different types of green infrastructure, a variety of forms of their use as well as on gained benefits is also underlined by OBrien et al. (2017). Such an approach requires combining natural and social data together. In this study we address this challenge. The aim of the research is to develop a typology of public green spaces (hereinafter PGS) in an urban zone, basing on the character of CES flow. As this flow can be influenced by manage-ment, it is important to propose an approach which will include a variety of data reflecting natural features of PGS as well as preferences and behaviours of its visitors. A typology of urban green areas can help in successful management especially on the urban zone level, where a more holistic and integrated approach is needed.  
  Call Number Serial 4370  
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Author Lehto, C.; Hedblom, M.; Ockinger, E.; Reinus, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title In search of a human habitat: using machine learning to explore the role of landscape characteristics in human outdoor recreation Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 32-33  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) As the importance of outdoor recreation increasingly has been recognized due to its positive effect on human well-being and health there has been a renewed focus on how to ensure that the natural and cultural landscape can produce sufficient recreational opportunities. This is especially true in urban environments, where high land use pressure due to urbanisation often has lead to the loss of green space. To ensure that the managed landscape can supply recreational opportunities requires an understanding of what landscape characteristics (such as type and composition of land cover, topology and heterogeneity) are drivers of different kinds of outdoor recreation. Previous research in the field has to a large degree focused on establishing preferences of different kinds of environments e.g. by showing people photo- graphs and asking questions (Gundersen and Frivold 2008); recently an increasing number of studies have been employing Public Participatory GIS-approaches to collect large amounts of data on human landscape usage (e.g Korpilo, Virtanen, and Lehvävirta (2017)). Still, most such studies are linked to specific areas (e.g. a single national park) or only looking at specific features (e.g. forest type, openness, heterogeneity).  
  Call Number Serial 4211  
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Author Skibins, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The infinite visit: A unifying temporal/spatial framework for visitor management Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 274-275  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) As they are currently conceived, visitor use management frameworks for parks and protected areas (PPAs) are built upon false dichotomies and artificial constraints which preclude them from reaching their objectives. Current frameworks create artificial constraints around the discrete on-site visit rather than considering it part of a broader temporal-spatial recreation experience, which most recreation theories advocate. Failing to temporally-spatially contextualize beyond the on-site visit artificially constrains visitor engagement and relegates visitors to being viewed as a resource to be managed rather than as partners in mission. This creates false dichotomies around the questions of when a visit begins and ends, as well as the role of a visitor.  
  Call Number Serial 4322  
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Author Slabbert, L.; Moore, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Kruger National Park Bush Braai experiences – critical success factors, visitor preferences and willingness to pay Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 476-477  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) At the time of the research, future plans involved operating such a service from three gates in the south of the Park: Crocodile Bridge, Phabeni and Phalaborwa. A strong and clear market orientation is needed to advance consumer acceptance of a product perceived as ‘new’ by some tourists (Kirca, Jayachandran & Bearden, 2005), which lead the management of SANParks to request research to gauge visitors’ perceptions of an ideal Bush Braai experience to aid the product development and strengthen the existing product offerings run from the rest camps in the Park.  
  Call Number Serial 4200  
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Author Stensland, S., Aas, O., Mehmetoglu, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Constraints and Facilitators to Salmon Angling Participation Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 335-337  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Atlantic salmon sport fisheries have declined remarkably in many countries and participation seems to correlate with salmon abundance. We investigated angling participation in the Atlantic salmon sport fishery in Norwegian rivers by incorporating facilitators for participation in a constraint-negotiation model. We specifically look at how resource changes influence the negotiation process and participation. New insight about which factors constrain or facilitate participation, and which negotiation strategies anglers use to overcome them, provides managers and tourism stakeholders with information on how to increase participation and maximize benefits to anglers and local economies.  
  Call Number Serial 3965  
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Author Kopek, A., Jozsa, E. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Ecotourism in Balaton Uplands National Park Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 382-384  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Balaton Uplands National Park, founded in 1997 on 57 000 hectars, is a diverse, mosaic-like array of habitats, consisting of 6 adjoining previous landscape protection areas. Due to the diversity of geological and geomorphological features and the local climate, wildlife and landscape are exceptionally appealing to tourists and researchers alike. The national park stretches along the north shore of Lake Balaton, which is the largest shallow-water lake in Central Europe, encompassed by hills, grasslands, lovely villages, vineyards. The once active, huge volcanic field of Balaton Uplands is a wonderland of unique geological heritage. The natural treasures of the Tihany Peninsula – part of the national park – were acknowledged by the European Diploma granted by the Council of Europe in 2003. Lake Balaton is the second most popular tourism destination in Hungary, with only the capital Budapest surpassing it. Regarding domestic tourism it is the most visited region in the country. The lake and the natural wonders of the national park enhance each other’s attractiveness, thereby raising the touristic value of the region. The operational area of the Balaton Uplands National Park Directorate includes the national park and several other protected areas as well (3 landscape protection areas, 27 nature conservation areas and numerous ex lege protected objects, e.g. caves). The Bakony–Balaton Geopark – managed also by the Directorate – is member of the European and of the Global Geoparks Network, assisted by UNESCO. The key tasks of the national park directorate are to protect and interpret the natural values.  
  Call Number Serial 3981  
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Author Nagy, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Public Use of the Public Parks and Protected Areas of Budapest Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 271-276  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Based on the series of studies investigating the public uses of various public parks and nature conservation areas of Budapest, a comparative evaluation was prepared which allowed us to quantify the actual recreational role of these two types of green areas in the green area system of large cities. The approach involved on-site interviews with questionnaires and on-site monitoring, with additional urban planning analyses. The results provided direct help in the development of green area management guidelines for cities and in the preparation of future management plans for protected areas. In addition, the results allowed us to develop planning guidelines and a basis for developing new means of environmental awareness raising and education.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 492 Serial 2309  
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Author Bourdeau, P.; Corneloup, J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational Transition and management of protected areas. The Cultural turn Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 4  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Based on various illustrations drawn from observations and research programs conducted in different tourist configurations in the French Alps, the key-note will define recreational transition as a set of processes, approaches and actions by which tourism practices and policies are transformed into becoming coherent and resilient with change in fields such as climate, energy, culture, and the economy. We’ll examine the contradictory processes, ambivalences and conditions in which the sustainable recreational transition is and is not being operated  
  Call Number Serial 4038  
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Author Coch, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Observing visitors behaviour as a methodical alternative to questionnaires – a proposal Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 474-477  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract (up) Basing on case studies in South-West- and North-East-Germany techniques of hidden observation such as observing visitors behaviour with binoculars from far distance are discussed. Their origin in ethological field studies is reflected, ethical aspects are mentioned and the conditions to produce valid data are qualified. Especially in case of analysing non-legal behaviours direct questionnaires are often not be able to clear whether serious damages in the protection areas are resulting or not. Also the intentions of “breaking the rules” cannot be reflected totally by socio-empiric methods. On the other hand behaviour observations require a lot of time and energy and should be limited on serious indications because of ethical aspects. So it is necessary to describe conditions and cases, where observing techniques can be implemented successfully.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 568 Serial 2346  
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Author Reimann, M., Kerge, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Trail use and willingness to participate in trail management by local community of the Neeruti protected area, Estonia Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 232-234  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Beside the visitor studies in protected areas local community studies are becoming more and more relevant in the perspective of locals’ participation in trail use as well as in involvement in the management (Hughey et al 2015, Buta et al 2014, Reimann et al 2014). Neeruti Landscape Conservation area is established in 1957 with some restructuring in 1999 its area is 1313 hectars. The protected area is established to conserve unique postglacial landforms as well as forests, lakes and mires in the area. Neeruti is also included in the list of Natura 2000 areas. The area is also known as an action place of Estonian national epic, there Estonian national hero Kalevipoeg used to plow with a horse and formed the current landforms. Neeruti used to be a popular recreational area already 100 years ago when it had weekend recreation from Tallinn because of the good railway connection. In 1960s the first official nature trail in Soviet Estonia was established here. Today more marketed national parks and other protected areas have stronger popularity in Estonia and Neeruti has mainly regional importance for Laane-Viru county inhabitants. The purpose of the current study was to find out the usage and importance of the hiking trails for the local community and their willingness to contribute to the trail and visitor management processes.  
  Call Number Serial 3932  
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Author Kopperoinen, L.; Shemeikka, P.J.; Lindblom, V., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Environmental GIS in the management of visitor flows Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 393-396  
  Keywords MMV2, GIS, outdoor recreation, environmental data, land use  
  Abstract (up) Besides monitoring visitor numbers and activities, spatial data on borders, restrictions, and environmental and natural characteristics is needed to manage visitor flows in recreation and protected areas. The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) compiles and provides data on the state of the environment and environmental trends, and acts as a national environmental information center; collecting, formulating and disseminating data to various interest groups. This data, including GIS databases and registers, consists of natural environment data (monitoring, modeling and inventories etc.) and also land use and planning data. Wide variety of data can be used through GIS methods to reduce negative ecological impacts and conflicts between different user groups in recreation and protected areas. Our poster will present a cross-section of the characteristics of some of the most useful GIS data supporting management of visitor flows. Closer look will be given on the GIS databases on land and water traffic restrictions and the GIS database on outdoor recreation opportunities (VIRGIS).  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 334 Serial 2375  
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Author Rueede, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Approval of Black Forest National Park by local companies Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 105-107  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Besides their character as nature protection sites, National Parks are often expected to have positive outcomes on the economic development of the region they are situated in. Another major concern of nature protection sites is the approval by the local community. Here, the main research is concerned with the degree of approval by the local community and possible explanations for variations in such evaluations as well as managerial implications to shape these evaluations  
  Call Number Serial 4072  
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Author Stokowski, P.A., Derrien, M.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Environmental Interpretation and Forests: Perspectives of Managers and Agencies Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 390-392  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Beyond their ecological and commodity functions, forests are naturalsettings of scenic beauty, recreational activity and symbolic meaning. Peoples’ attachments to forest settings and landscapes are fostered– discursively, and experientially – by resource management agencies, communities, non-profit organizations, business entrepreneurs, and others.Within these contexts, the services of environmental interpretation have been used to enhance personal and collective experiences of forest places. Environmental interpretation is a termthat refers to avariety of mediated and personal communicative servicesprovided by resource managers to “reveal meanings and relationships of our natural and cultural heritage to various publics” (Tilden 1977). Agencies offer interpretation services and programs to educate and entertain visitors, accomplish management goals, and promote positive images. More than just information presentation or educational techniques, environmental interpretation personalizes meaning using stories, revelation, provocation, examples, imagery, and other linguistic and visual devices. Interpretive presentations are found in brochures, museum exhibits, guided and self-guided tours, on-site signage, and other personal and mediated communications.  
  Call Number Serial 3984  
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Author Pröbstl, U., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Monitoring as a prerequisite of assessments in Natura 2000 sites Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 248-255  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract (up) Biodiversity is increasingly recognized as an invaluable element of the European heritage. Across Europe, the NATURA 2000 ecological network has been established under the European Community’s `habitats` directive and the `bird` directive. The goal of this network is to provide a strong protection for Europe’s most valuable wildlife areas. If development plans or projects threaten to deteriorate this network or its favourable conservation status, a special assessment is required (see Art.6 of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat directive, called FFH-assessment). When planning a new foot-bridge in a NATURA 2000 site, it became obvious that an evaluation of the possible ecological deterioration is only possible when detailed information about the current and the potential future recreational use is included in the assessment. It will be suggested that visitor monitoring and visitor surveys collect essential background information for the FFH-assessment process evaluating the possible impacts on NATURA 2000 sites. Without such data it would be impossible to determine the potential effects of changes to the recreational infrastructure and its associated uses on protected areas. Therefore, a curriculum for protected area planning that strives to accommodate the legal requirements of the European Community should also include recreation research techniques.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 348 Serial 2382  
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Author Irwin, J.; Morrison, C.; Castley, G.; Pickering, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title People engaging with biodiversity in urban parks: insights from citizen science and social media for birds Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 46-47  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Bird watching, or avitourism, is both a highly popular form of nature-based tourism as well as a recreation activity undertaken by hundreds of thousands of people, including in Australia (Lopez et al., 2020; Steven et al., 2015). Many people engaging in bird watching do so in their local area, and as a result bird watching is a popular pastime in many urban parks and other green spaces in cities. These often smaller and fragmented spaces are (i) easy to access and popular places for people to visit regularly, and (ii) able to support relatively high levels of biodiversity in otherwise low diversity urban landscapes (Catterall et al., 2010). Monitoring where people engage with nature in cities including bird watching can be challenging due to the diversity of locations and multiple ways people access and traverse them. Surveys and other methods have been used to assess the popularity of bird watching and other activities in urban parks and more broadly (Pickering et al., 2020). Recently researchers have started to utilize citizen science and social media records of birds as a way to assess where people engage with nature including in cities (Lopez et al., 2020). Here we compare two sources of data – the popular citizen science app/website iNaturalist, and images posted to the social media platform Flickr to assess how such data could be used to understand where people are bird watching. We use the large subtropical city of Bris- bane, Australia as a case study as it contains high bird diversity, many urban parks, bird watching is popular (Catterall et al., 2010) and there are hundreds of geolocated records associated with images of birds available on the two platforms for the city.  
  Call Number Serial 4218  
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Author Wang, T.; Watanabe, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring soil erosion on campsites by structure-from-motion photogrammetry: A case study of the current and former Kuro-Dake Campsite in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 378-379  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract (up) Camping is one of the popular recreational activities in mountain national parks. However, human activities inevitably cause impacts on natural resources, which includes vegetation loss, soil compaction and soil erosion (Hammitt and Cole 1998). The degraded environment also does harm to users experiences in return (Daniels and Marion 2006). In order to provide users with high quality camping experiences meanwhile avoid unacceptable impacts on the natural environment, monitoring and maintenance of campsites are necessary. Researchers in the field of recreation ecology have provided a sort of methods to monitor short-term and long-term changes in the condition of campsites. Methods to detect areal changes in bare ground and vegetation loss on campsites have been widely practiced in previous studies (Marion 1991, Wang and Watanabe 2019). Eagleston and Marion (2017) examined soil loss on campsites by comparing the current soil level around embedded rocks on site with the one recorded in past photographs through visual observation. Wang and Watanabe (2019) adopted Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry mapping to obtain detailed profiles of the ground surface on the campsite where gully erosion was observed. However, no studies have been conducted to monitor the volumetric changes in ground surface on campsites that are suffering from soil erosion.This study aims to detect topographic changes of the ground surface and to quantify the volume of soil erosion on the current and former Kuro-dake campsites in the Daisetsuzan National Park (DNP) by SfM photogrammetry surveys.  
  Call Number Serial 4367  
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Author Eagles, P.F.J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Developing a National Policy on Training, Education and Research in Visitor Monitoring and Management: Lessons from Canada Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 2-4  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract (up) Canada has a long history of creating and managing parks, at all levels of government: national, provincial, regional, and municipal. However, the country lacks policy in two important areas: 1) an accepted strategy on training and education, and 2) a national research strategy. In April 2016 an initiative began to coordinate policy and operations of all park agencies and non-government bodies in the country. Ideas were discussed at the Canadian Parks Summit held in Canmore, Alberta, at an invitation-only meeting of policy leaders. At this Summit, a policy paper was presented by Paul F. J. Eagles from the University of Waterloo and Christopher J. Lemieux of Wilfred Laurier University, entitled: Policy on Training, Education and Research: A Call to Action. This MMV 8 abstract builds on that paper, and the subsequent discussions.  
  Call Number Serial 3859  
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Author Vaccari, F.; Baronti, S.; Magno, R.; Trampetti, S.; Giannini, F.; Raschi, A., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title TuristiCO2: a carrying capacity assessment for sustainable tourism in a park island Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 522-525  
  Keywords MMV4, Carrying Capacity, Carbon Sequestration, Greenhouse effect, Park Islands  
  Abstract (up) Carrying capacity has been a long-standing issue in management of parks, outdoor recreation and tourism. This paper describes the first analysis concerning a project on touristic carrying capacity assessment on Pianosa, an island of the Parco Nazionale of Arcipelago Toscano, using an Eddy-Covariance tower for CO2 fluxes measurement. The preliminary results show that Pianosa represents a sink of carbon, thus actively contribute to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1120 Serial 2681  
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Author Massart, C.; George, E.; Jasse, M.; Bourdeau, P.; Gauchon, C.; Granet-Abisset, A.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title How do global change affect ski resorts and how do ski resorts adapt to global changes? General trends and local responses Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 457-459  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract (up) Climate change is now universally accepted. These phenomena could not leave indifferent the laboratory of excellence “Innovation and Mountain Territories” (LabEx ITEM), dedicated to the multidisciplinary study, in human and social sciences, of the issues which characterize the mountain territories. Several members of the LabEx have therefore wished to participate in the understanding of these complex upheavals by the publication of a collective book dedicated to the analysis of the pressures that affect the winter sports resorts and to the adaptation strategies that they deploy for answer to these pressures. This book also aims to fill three gaps identified in the academic production : a focus on climate change at the expense of global changes as a whole; the lack of studies dedicated to the adaptation strategies of ski resorts to global changes; a lack of study on emerging markets  
  Call Number Serial 4193  
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