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Author Gokita, R., Kadowaki, M., Terasaki, T.
Title Effectiveness of Consensus-Building Methods Using Sustainable Tourism Indicators in the Collaborative Management of Japan’s National Parks: A Case Study of the Oku-Nikko Area in Nikko National Park Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 53-56
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Japans national parks are organized based on a regional land designation system that is not tied to land ownership or limited to the public use of the area. These areas are home to a significant number of people (600,000 people across 32 parks). Therefore, it is necessary for park management to accommodate the local residents daily living, economic activities, and the natural areas’ protection and use. Based on these circumstances, managing national parks appropriately requires building a consensus among and striving to win the cooperation of a variety of stakeholder organizations and individuals. This is not limited to only park officials, but also residents, businesses, and visitors. In Japanese national parks, there are venues to examine individual issues and conduct liaison and coordination functions. However, these venues are extraordinarily limited with regard to which have been established as places in which the greater park system’s stakeholders can come together (Tsuchiya, 2014).
Call Number Serial 3876
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Author Murdock, E.,
Title Understanding Recreation Flow to Protect Wilderness Resources at Joshua Tree National Park, California Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 120-126
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP) has the highest concentration of rock climbing routes in the world and an estimated 250,000 people visit JTNP each year to rock climb. Although less than 5% of rock climbers visit the designated wilderness areas, a steady increase in the number of climbers has focused attention on managing wilderness climbing resources to retain wilderness character. The main controversy centers on rock climber’s placing fixed anchors, or bolts, while establishing new climbing routes. Park staff believes that continued unregulated placement of bolts in JTNP’s wilderness leads to greater impacts and is unsustainable. This paper describes a method for understanding wilderness climbing in order to develop fair and effective wilderness recreation policy. Behavior and spatial modeling is based on two years of data that include a comprehensive climbing resource inventory, wilderness visitor flow data, and psychological test results. Static and dynamic models consider factors such as travel networks, climbing route difficulty and quality, sensitive resources, landscape complexity, and climber preferences. A comprehensive understanding of recreation flow allows fixed anchor regulations and wilderness management to address site-specific issues.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 403 Serial 2409
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Author Takahashi, M.,
Title Actual condition and problem of visitor use in Jozankei National Forest, Japan Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-68
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Jozankei National Forest, a part of the Shikotsu Toya National Park, is located in a mountainous area about 30 km south of central Sapporo. The forest is managed by selective cutting based on highdensity forest road network. Because of the roads, visitor access is easier than it is in other surrounding forests. From spring to autumn in 2003, visitor flows were monitored at two entrances of the forest road network using Trail Traffic Counter. There was a remarkable visitor concentration in spring and the behaviour of visitor varied at each season. It was considered that the reason for the difference could be the different purposes of visits to the park as well as the characteristics of the forests visited.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 294 Serial 2355
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Author Almik, A.; Maran, K.; Karoles, K.; Rammo, M.,
Title Implementation of results of visitor and environmental impact monitoring: an example of Kauksi campsite of the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 463-466
Keywords MMV4, Forest recreation, visitor and environmental impact monitoring, recreational load, campsite condition monitoring, damages on trees, soil vegetation and soil
Abstract (up) Kauksi campsite, located in the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre, is an area of intensive and long-term recreational use. In the years 2003 and 2007 a permanent monitoring network was established in the area and the environmental situation and its changes were evaluated. Based on the results of the environmental status assessment and visitor monitoring, recommendations were made for improving the campsite condition and an action plan for performing the works was prepared. In 2004-2007 an infrastructure for the protection of campsite and the lakeshore dunes was designed and constructed, and measures of landscape protection were introduced, as a result of which the environmental condition has stabilised and for some indicators, considerably improved. This case shows that in an area of intensive use it is important to know the user and use specifics and, in order to support the periodic assessment of environmental impacts, to continuously monitor environmental status and perform preventive landscape protection works in order to maintain the stable condition and the recreational values of the area.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1082 Serial 2662
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Author Emphandhu, D.
Title Visitor Management forResource Conservation in Community-based Ecotourism,Thailand Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 379-381
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) KohPitakin Thailand is a small island located near Mu KohChomphon National park. Most are local fisheries.In 1992, marine resources were in crisis. The commercial fishing boats over-fished in the area close to Koh Pitak. The local people at KohPitakfinally announced conservation measures to protect marine resources and introduced community-based ecotourism (CBET) to motivate community members in resource conservation. Ecotourism at KohPitakhas become very popular that many visitors came to visit Koh Pitak, but limited resourcesand poor management has gradually created tourism impact.This paper aimed to examine how local community has applied visitor management as a tool for resource conservation and managing tourism impact.
Call Number Serial 3980
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Author Aslan, E.; Hem, L. E.; Iversen, N.,
Title Customer-focused drivers in the sharing economy: A meta-analysis Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 406-407
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Kotler (1972) defines marketing as “the set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges” (p.12). Ordinarily, these exchanges are associated with permanent ownership between buyers and sellers. However, the advances of the internet and mobile technology have enabled buyers and sellers to exchange offerings that exponentially contribute to temporary access rather than ownership — as such, sharing as a form of consumption begin to emerge and numerous practices coined under this umbrella term. At the core, the phenomenon includes a variety of different products and services such as lodging (e.g., Airbnb), tools (e.g., ShareGrid), transportation (e.g., Uber), workspace (e.g., WeWork), or food services (e.g., Deliveroo). The term of the “Sharing Economy” was first mentioned in 2008 and defined as the “collaborative consumption made by the activities of sharing, exchanging, and rental of resources without owning the goods” (Lessig 2008, p.143). After that, this phenomenon, or aspects of it, has been given many different names, including “collaborative consumption”, “commercial sharing systems” (and “access-based consumption”, “shared consumption”, “on-demand economy”, “collaborative economy”, “platform economy” and “gig economy”. Many of these terms share similar set of characteristics, yet, the definition articulates the entire set of characteristics formed by Eckhardt et al. (2019), who define the sharing economy as “a scalable socio-economic system that employs technology-enabled platforms to provide users with temporary access to tangible and intangible resources that may be crowdsourced” (Eckhardt et al., 2019 p.7).The interest in participating in sharing systems is generally characterized as prosocial or sustainable behavior such as sharing, helping others, taking care of the environment. However, participating in sharing systems can also bring economic benefits like saving money or facilitating access to resources, which can form more individualistic reasons for participating in sharing economy practices. Previous research has shown that monetary motivations, environmental and societal concerns, flexibility, variety seeking, sustainability, community belonging, enjoyment and trust are among several factors that enhance participation in the sharing economy. Although there is growing attention for research on consumer behaviour in the sharing economy, the findings regarding antecedents and outcomes of participating in these services are scattered and contradicting with previous findings. The existing literature offers broad range of antecedents for sharing economy; however, researchers disagree on which one best captures the value. Albeit little amount of literature reviews has been added to the field, and a quantifiable estimation of the relationship between the antecedents and outcomes has not been investigated yet. The inconsistency of previous research supports the need for meta-analysis to integrate the accumulated empirical research, to see the landscape of the research area, and provide comprehensive understanding on which antecedents are the most effective for sharing services. Based on these grounds, the paper aims to answer the research question: What are the main customer-focused antecedents of the sharing economy and to what extend do these antecedents influence the behavioural intention towards the sharing economy services?
Call Number Serial 4379
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Author Vrsaljko, A.,
Title Krka National Parks biodiversity as basis for wildlife tourism development Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 68-69
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Krka National Park, a karst hydrological pearl of the Croatian coast with its distinctive geological, geo- morphological, hydrological and biological richness, was declared a National Park in 1985. The geomorphological playfulness of the river Krka with the karst canyon along with 7 magnificent waterfalls with numerous lakes, rapids and cascades create an unreal and unique landscape pearl which generates a rich biological diversity. However, the tourist offer of the park does not differentiate or implement specific forms of tourism such as wildlife tourism, which is why the paper investigates the perception of visitors about the valorization of the parks biodiversity as a paradigm for the development of wildlife tourism; especially since the park is filled with a number of valuable, rare and endemic species. The research maps out the species habitats and proposes a unique programme for the visitors which prefer the wildlife tourism.
Call Number Serial 4229
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Author Stursa, J.,
Title Impacts of Tourism Load on the Mountain Environment (A Case Study of the Krkonoše Mountains National Park – the Czech Republic) Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 364-370
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) Krkonose Mountains (the Giant Mountains in Czech) as the highest mountains of the Czech Republic belong to the most visited middle-european mountains as they are well facilitated for both summer and winter outdoor recreation. More than 8 million visitors within a year means very serious tourism load on the mountain landscape and ecosystems. Primary impacts (e.g. disturbing plants and animals by trampling and noise, soil erosion or cummulation of rubish) together with secondary impacts of tourism development (a.g. arrising of accomodation capacity, impact on traditional landscape infrastructure by reebuilding of original small mountain chalets, nonsufficient disposal of waste, transport of allochtone organisms) create very cotraversional background for sustainable use of the mountains which are the oldest national park of the Czech Republic. Paper describes these impacts and suggests some forms of conflict solution between tourism development and statutes of the national park.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 524 Serial 2325
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.; Kefaloukos, P.; Snizek, B.,
Title Kvintus.org – a choice based agentbased simulation model integrated with Google Maps Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 446-450
Keywords MMV4, Agent-based simulation, choices, Google Map, recreation
Abstract (up) Kvintus.org is a new agent-based simulation tool especially constructed to model recreational behavior integrated with models of animal behavior. The entire model which is available as ‘open source’ is based on the generic software package REPAST [4]. Model configuration – in terms of base parameters, entry points, timetables, agent types and state/transitions – are established, manipulated, loaded and saved via XML-files which enables a high degree of flexibility and user interaction. At run time, agents can be displayed in Google Maps [1]. This way models can be applied in most regions of the World without access to base maps, aerial photos etc. Further – which is probably even more important – using a standard Internet platform like Google Maps it is possible to enable non-expert users to ‘play with’ the models and this way focus more on communicative and participatory aspects.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1076 Serial 2659
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Author Bodnár, R.,
Title Vandalism and its prevention possibilities in the region of Lake Balaton Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 337-342
Keywords MMV4, Environmental education, solution possibilities, vandalism, visitor conflicts
Abstract (up) Lake Balaton – the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe – has been a favourite destination for hundred thousands of Hungarian and foreign visitors for long decades. The study area of the present paper, the Tapolca Basin that has a Mediterranean atmosphere is found on the northern shore of the lake. Nature protectional measures were able to impede mining damaging the basalt capped buttes of the basin providing scenery of European fame, however, they seem to be powerless against vandalism. Sad picture is gained while hiking on the study trails of the Balaton Uplands National Park experiencing that pointless destruction makes site tables unreadable. The main aim of the paper is to draw attention to that harmonizing current known methods and measures and applying new ideas significant improvement could be reached in protecting our natural values against vandalism at relatively low cost and with some care.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1036 Serial 2639
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Author Bernet, P.,
Title Interaction between nature protection and leisure groups, an example of the largest protected area surrounding Lake Greifensee, canton Zurich, Switzerland Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 136-142
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Lake Greifensee is surrounded by the most continuous environmental protection area (sanctuary) within the canton Zurich (Switzerland). The lake shelters many national swamps and other biotopes in distress. On beautiful summer days, however, you will find thousands of people spending their leisure time e.g., on mountain bikes, roller skates or swimming. In 1994 a new protection regulation became effective, which allows for intensive utilization and protection of the nature and separates diverse demands. With various measures sanctuaries and recreation areas are spatially separated, and the visitors are guided to keep them off the sanctuaries. During the entire year rangers inform visitors on the possibilities of nature observation, explain them where the recreation areas are located and remind them to keep off the sanctuaries. The number of violations such as trespassing of protected shores and sanctuaries continuously dropped thanks to the effective publicity and the presence of rangers. As a consequence, the vegetation is visibly recovering from the burden of trespassing. To further increase the awareness of the sanctuaries, it is, therefore, important that the rangers continue to regularly supervise the protected and recreational area and to inform and guide the visitors.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 387 Serial 2401
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Author Saeporsdottir, A. D.,
Title Overtourism in Iceland: Myth or reality? Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 20-20
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Large influxes of tourist arrivals have become a major challenge in recent years for many nature-based destinations. Seasonality, uneven spatial distribution and imbalance between supply and demand are commonly pointed out as part of the problem. In recent years the concept of over-tourism has emerged in that context in the media and increasingly in academia as a way of describing this situation, although the issues behind the term have been a component of visitor and tourism research for many years. Iceland is one of the destinations which has been most associated with the concept of overtourism – at least in the international media discourse. This is a reflection of the enormous increase in international tourist arrivals the country has received in the last decade. In 2010 the number of international visitors to Iceland was about 460,000, by 2018 it had reached approximately 2.3 million, representing an annual average increase of about 22%. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe, with about 370,000 inhabitants on an island little over one hundred thousand square kilometers. Icelands main tourist attraction is nature, with its perceived wilderness landscape. There are a few tourist hotspots on the island, which up to half of all international tourists visit. This has resulted in crowding at the most popular destinations which in turn has led to a decrease in the quality of the tourist experience, overloaded infrastructure, damage at nature destinations and shifts in the perceived nature of the Icelandic landscape. This presentation provides an overview of the different ways in which overtourism has revealed itself at a national level in Iceland. It is both based on a primary and secondary data analysis strategy. Furthermore, it is based on longitudinal research conducted on tourists experience of overcrowding at various nature destinations in Iceland over 20 years. During this time span, over 43,000 questionnaires were completed and in-depth interviews were conducted with several hundred tourists. This allows for a detailed empirical assessment to be made of changes in visitor attitudes, experiences, perceptions and satisfaction with specific locations in Iceland and the development of a broader understanding of Iceland as a nature-based tourism destination over time. The latter includes changes in the make-up of tourist attributes and shifts in the management challenges nature-based destinations are facing from tourism. Finally, Icelands various responses to its success as a major nature tourist destination will be discussed.
Call Number Serial 4382
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Author Lykkja, H.; Hansen, A.H.,
Title Linking Nature and Culture in World Heritage management. Lessons learned in Norway Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 39-41
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Linking nature and culture with peoples approach to planning and management is fundamental to support sustainability. This is time consuming and anchoring the processes will be difficult if roles and responsibility are not understood or accepted. Lessons learned from projects in the West Norwegian Fjords WHS (Lykkja et al, 2018) are taken into account as Nordland County is building up a new visitor strategy for Vega World Heritage Site, the Lofoten islands (on the tentative list) and Meløy/Svartisen (entrance National park)
Call Number Serial 4050
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Author Kojima, S.; Kurita, K.,
Title Management and restoration with visitors on Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 42-42
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Management and conservation of Japans Shikoku Pilgrimage paths is getting more important in order to restore its historical way of pilgrim on foot as well as the new way of pilgrimage by car or bicycle. Au- thors investigated the present situation of 1,200km- long pilgrimage with 88 temples in Shikoku Island passing through several national parks and protected areas, which is proposed to be listed as an UNESCO World Heritage (cultural heritage) site.
Call Number Serial 4216
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Author Müller, M.; Mayer, M.; Woltering, M.; Job, H.,
Title Visitor attitudes towards natural disturbance: the case of the bark beetle in Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 347-352
Keywords MMV4, perception, attitudes, natural disturbance, protected areas, tourism, bark beetles
Abstract (up) Management authorities of protected areas have recently been faced with a considerable rise of natural disturbance such as fire or insect pests in ecosystems. Incorporating visitor experience of natural disturbance into management strategies is a crucial task. The present study uses multivariate statistical analysis to examine visitors’ attitudes towards large-scale bark beetle infestation in the case of Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Findings indicate that visitors have a neutral attitude towards the bark beetle and slightly reject controlling the bark beetle in the national park. Expectations of a successful recovery of the affected areas (green-up) and low personal issue salience are the two strongest predictors for support of not controlling the bark beetle. Our findings suggest that it is well possible to position protected areas as refuges where nature is supposed to follow its course without intervention rather than as landscaped representations of cultural ideal types. In order to communicate this idea of wilderness to visitors, park management authorities should design educational measures to raise visitors’ awareness of the ecological mandate of protected areas and of the role of disturbance agents in ecosystems.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1042 Serial 2642
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Author Livina, A.; Druva-Druvaskalne, I.,
Title Experiences of Co-Designing Tourism Product Strategy for Tourism Destination: Bottom-up approach Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 148-149
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Management issues of tourism destination highlight collaboration among involved stakeholders, their engagement in planning processes, functions and responsibilities, particularly hot item is sales of tourism destination and tourism products (Mariani et al. 2013; Mackay et al. 2020). The purpose of the paper is to show development process of tourism product strategy development initiated by bottom -up approach.
Call Number Serial 4266
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Author Yuan, M.; McIntyre, N.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J.,
Title Development of a Spatial Values-Based Recreation Planning Framework for Canadian Crown Lands Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 93-99
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Managers of Canadian Crown lands are beginning to recognize that all values the public associates with forests should be given due consideration in management actions. Arguably, recreation and tourism are the least understood values of the resource and typically receive only secondary consideration in management decisions on an ad-hoc basis. This situation partly results from the lack of a systematic framework for recreation management in Crown lands outside of protected areas at either the provincial or the national level. This presentation discusses the development of a spatial recreation planning framework that uses recreation values to assess the effects of various forestry activities. The framework expands upon traditional planning approaches that are primarily supply driven to directly address core user values rather than traditional user preferences. A spatial GIS model was developed that incorporates interactive data layers of the study area including high resolution orthophoto mosaic, forest resource inventory, recreation facilities locations, ROS type classification, activity participation, spatial trip patterns, and recreation values. These data layers are overlaid on the forest management plan that details the harvesting and silvicultural treatments that are planned for the next 20 years. Operation of the interactive model is based on maintaining recreation portfolios, recreation class consistency, and sets of contextualized recreation values. A process is discussed as to how this new framework will provide managers with a tool to evaluate recreation related impacts a priori to resource management actions, and allow the public to ask “what if” scenarios in an interactive mode.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 362 Serial 2389
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Author Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K.
Title Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 126-129
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.
Call Number Serial 3899
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Author Dehez, J., Bouisset, C., Degrémont, I.
Title The Contribution of Proximity-Based Analysis to Outdoor Recreation Management Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 46-48
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Managing outdoor recreation requires close coordination between stakeholders. This leads to a more complicated situation, because the majority ofstakeholders involved do not know each other well. Better integration of visitors into the management process calls for a fundamental change in the way, conceptual and practical models are designed. To this end, we propose an original analytical framework, inspired by the fields of economics and geography, based on various definitions of proximity.
Call Number Serial 3874
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Author Pietila, M.
Title Exploring environment-experience relations in Oulanka National Park using participatory mapping Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 308-310
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Managing recreational use in conservation areas targets the outcomes of outdoor recreation.A worldwide aim of conservation area managersis to enhance the benefits of outdoor recreation while preventing or mitigatingitsnegative impacts (Driver, 2008). Managers are, however, not able to create these outcomes on behalf of visitors. They can only provide opportunities –environments and activities–that will encourage desired outcomes and improve visitors’ experiences. Therefore, we need to understand how conservation area visitorsperceive and interact withthe settingsthey encounter. Geographically accurate information on recreational outcomes aids this understanding and helps managers focus on specific areas of concern. This study uses novel spatial techniques to more accurately measure and analyze visitor experiences. Field research was conducted in Oulanka National Park (NP) and its surrounding areas. Oulanka NP is located in northeastern Finland near the Russian border and the Arctic Circle. It is the fourth most visited national park in Finland with approximately 200,000 annual visits. The park allows numerous outdoor activities, including: hiking, canoeing, skiing, fishing and wildlife viewing. Despite the park’s pristine landscape, recreation infrastructure in Oulanka NP is well developed.
Call Number Serial 3956
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Author Stankov, U., Klauco, M., Vujicic, M.D., Vasiljevic, Dj., Dragicevic, V.
Title National parks are going social? An exploratory study of former Yugoslav countries on Facebook Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 79-81
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Many national parks (NP) and other organizational structures for environmental protection recognized growing popularity of Facebook and this topic is gaining importance since it is attracting more and more academic and practitioner attention. Still, this process is uneven in different parts of the world. This paper examines level of adopting and current practices of Facebook usage by the NPs in former Yugoslav countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia) to seek for common practices, good examples or pitfalls. In most cases, NPs can be seen as tourist destinations and consequently, parts of parks managing structures can act as destination management organizations (DMOs). Therefore, this research proposes and adopts the use of common methodology for assessing destination management organizations Facebook Pages in order to explore the level and form of acceptance among NPs.
Call Number Serial 3884
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Author Keller, R.,
Title Sounds like Norway: a review of research needs and future paths Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 272-272
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Many of us experience some surprise when we step off a beaten trail and into a wooded dell. Suddenly, we feel a bit closer to nature: not be-cause we have finally arrived, but because we finally hear. There has been an emphasis in re-search and conservation policy about the visual features of landscape. Yet, we hear place as much as we see it. The weaving of sounds and percep-tion within place is called the soundscape. Natu-ral soundscapes (areas mostly free of undesirable anthropogenic sounds, i.e. noise) provision hu-man wellbeing and influence positive behavior, whereas noise in nature severely degrades expe-riences connected to outdoor life (i.e.friluftsliv) and impacts wildlife. In Norway 2.1 million (40%) are exposed to outdoor noise exceeding 55dBA – a level known to drive adverse health effects- and has serious implications for effective conservation of biodiversity and diverse restorative experienc-es in national parks. Thus, parks have an increas-ing importance to harbor natural sounds and are-as free of noise. This paper presents a possible series of steps to assess and monitor natural soundscapes, following guidance provided by the US National Park Service Division of Natural Sounds, and the work of Ferraro et al. 2020, Le-venhagen et al. 2020, among others: 1. establish-ing what sounds people expect or need to hear when recreating in particular national parks and what constitutes noise (national survey); 2. inven-torying sounds using passive audio recorders (PARs) linked as a sensory array from remote to high access settings (ecological and human dis-turbance gradient); 3. linking reported friluftsliv experience with perception of place and sounds to collected acoustic data(attended listening sur-vey); 4. mapping noise proliferation in parks (PARs); 5. experimentally modify noise levels via messaging or restricting recreation equipment use to examine effects on bird distributions (point counts) human perceived (bird)biodiversity, quality, wellbeing and support for natural sounds conservation efforts (survey); 6. bring in identified important natural sounds and noise sources as indicators of soundscape quality in a management by objective framework for natural resource managers. The paper highlights how these steps may be deployed in two case studies, Femundsmarka and Rondane national parks.
Call Number Serial 4321
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Author Probstl-Haider, U., Haider, W., Mostegl, N.
Title Skiing unlimited? Acceptance of resort extension by skiers in Tyrol/Austria Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 297-299
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Many ski-resorts in the European Alps hope to increase their visibility and attractiveness when expanding their respective resorts by developing new slopes and/or by merging with others. Examples like the Zermatt-Matterhorn-Ski-Paradise in Switzerland, the “Helm-Rotwand” in Sexten Italy, or the Ski-world “Wilder Kaiser” and the “Skicircus Saalbach -Hinterglemm – Leogang – Fieberbrunn” in Austria illustrate this trend. The main motives for the expansion and cooperation are expected marketing opportunities, synergetic management, and a higher overall financial stability (Zegg 2015). Also, climate change adaptation seems to be an argument in favor of increasing resort sizes (Steiger and Abegg 2013). The expansion or merging of ski resorts leads to impacts into the sensitive alpine environment and a permanent disturbance by the new infrastructure. The presented study aims to analyze the perception of the winter tourists and daily skiers concerning these changes and discusses recommendations for future resort development.
Call Number Serial 3952
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Author Wunderlich, A. C.; Salak, B.; Hunziker, M.; Hegetschweiler, T.; Bauer, N.,
Title Impact of COVID-19 on forest visits in the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Switzerland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 82-83
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Many surveys were conducted in the beginning of the lockdown to analyze changed behavior of respondents. So far, no study was able to analyze the behavior of the same cohort of respondents before the lockdown and during the lockdown. We profit from a unique data set: In March – right before the COVID-19 induced lockdown – a Swiss wide online survey on forest visits and attitudes towards forests was conducted (n = 8064 respondents). This survey ended on March 9th 2020. On the 17th of March, the Swiss government implemented the lockdown due to increasing COVID-19 cases. To study the impacts of the lockdown, a second wave of the survey with 1085 respondents was held from March 2nd 2020 to April 9th 2020. Therefore, we are able to study the impacts of the policy induced lockdown and its implication on the working environment (such as home office and short-time work) and rising COVID-19 incidences on forest visits within the same cohort.
Call Number Serial 4235
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Author Matsuba, M.,
Title Differences in the desired environments for marine and coastal recreational spots: an analysis of user valuation at travel- review websites Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 188-189
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Marine and coastal ecosystems have provided us with various recreational services such as beach recreation, recreational fishing, and aesthetic or spiritual spots. These recreational services have attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of improving psychological human well-beings as well as providing economic values through sightseeing and recreation. However, quantitative evaluation of recreational services provided by seascape is not enough. In this research, I constructed the statistical model to reveal the relationship between environments and marine and coastal recreational values evaluated by a user valuation at travel-review websites. Then, I applied this model to future climate and demographic changes to assess future threat to recreation services in Japan.
Call Number Serial 4285
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Author Kobryn, H.T., Strickland-Munro, J., Brown, G., Moore, S.
Title Evaluating conflict potential in the marine and coastal areas of the Kimberley region of northern Australia through public participation GIS Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 255-257
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Marine spatial planning (MSP) has been emerging as an approach to plan and maintain a balance between different human uses and conservation goals. Large, remote areas present a number of challenges for conservation managers. The Kimberley region in northern Western Australia extends ten degrees of longitude, eight degrees of latitude, and in our study spanned over 13,300 km of complex coastline. The region is remote, with a low population, and a history of economic development including agriculture, mining, fishing, and more recently oil and gas exploration. It is also renown for its rich Aboriginal culture and heritage, biodiversity and wilderness (Wilson, 2014, Wilson, 2013). Most conservation planning, including MSP, suffers from the lack of social data (St Martin and Hall-Arber, 2014), hence the aim of this study was to evaluate, through the well established method of public participation GIS (e.g. Brown and Pullar, 2012), areas of conflict potential using human values associated with the marine and coastal region of Kimberley.
Call Number Serial 3939
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Author Jochem, R.,
Title Building the model right and building the right model: Verification and validation of the recreation simulation model MASOOR Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 160-160
Keywords MMV4, Behaviour simulation, MASOOR, recreation model, behavioural rules and preferences
Abstract (up) MASOOR (Multi Agent Simulation Of Outdoor Recreation) is a multi-agent recreational behaviour simulation model. MASOOR is developed to evaluate both existing management policies and effects of various management actions. In addition, it can serve as a communication tool in participatory processes. By visualizing recreational behaviour on maps the model helps different stakeholders (recreationists, managers, scientists) to interpret the complex patterns of visitor use and support the discussion among those stakeholders. However, it is important that the model is verified and validated. Verification can be defined as the process of testing whether or not the logic of the model is acceptable. It involves checking that the model behaves as expected and it is sometimes referred to as testing the ëinner validityí of the model. Verification deals with building the model right. Validation relates to the extent that the model adequately represent the actual situation that is modeled. Validation deals with building the right model. Validity can be ascertained by comparing the output of the model with comparable data collected from a real-world system using a various statistics. In this paper we verify MASOOR by an assessment of recreational path use at different numbers of replications. We validate MASOOR by comparing the modeled output with real world data. Finally, we focus the validation on specific behavioural rules such as preference for path type and chunking direction
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 958 Serial 2600
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Author Zhang, C.Z.; Xu, H.G.; Su, B.T.,
Title Meeting needs equals enhancing satisfaction? Case study of cableway and lift riding in World Heritage Site Wulingyuan, China Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 293-297
Keywords MMV4, Meeting needs, tourist satisfaction, motivation-hygiene theory
Abstract (up) Meeting the needs of tourists to satisfy tourists is the policy basis for many mangers of world heritage sites in China. The paper, based on the case study of lift riding in world heritage site Wulingyuan China, challenge the policy. With tourist survey and online interview methods, the authors argue that lift do meet part of tourists’ needs, but it do not enhance the satisfaction level as the managers supposed, the assertion “meet the needs of tourists, thus enhancing their satisfaction” is not built on solid ground, and catering to the needs of tourists is at least not a valid reason for tourism developments in heritage sites. The results of this study coincide with the Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Some factors may not give positive satisfaction, but dissatisfaction results from their absence, such as good service quality and management skills. The improvement of services and management skills may eliminate dissatisfaction, but cannot enhance tourist satisfaction. They are called hygiene factors. Those factors that can provide positive satisfaction are called motivators. Cableway and lift act as motivators that can induce more satisfaction if properly operated.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1020 Serial 2631
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Author Gloaguen, M.
Title Preserve and manage Mercantour National Park using pedestrian data collection Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 433-435
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Mercantour National Park established a count data collection program more than ten years ago. Working with estimates was a first step towards a data-oriented management approach, but the need was bigger and lead to the development of a new count program a year ago. The goal was to be able to compare accurate, objective figures collected from automated counters with subjective user estimates on key trails in the area.
Call Number Serial 4186
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Author Erkkonen, J.; Kajala, L.,
Title The role of recreation demand and supply information in monitoring outdoor recreation sustainability Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 139-143
Keywords MMV4, Database applications, nature tourism, outdoor recreation, sustainability, visitor monitoring
Abstract (up) Metsähallitus bears major responsibility for the development of tourism in Finland’s state-owned protected and recreational areas. In order to further develop the existing potential for high-quality recreation and nature tourism in these areas, Metsähallitus is implementing a set of key measures for the development of sustainable nature tourism. The measures are applied through sustainable nature tourism management plans, which are implemented in all areas in which recreation and/or nature tourism exists to a significant degree. An essential aspect of the drafting process of the sustainable nature tourism management plans is the setting of standards, i.e. limits, of acceptable change for selected sustainable recreation and nature tourism criteria by means of participatory planning. Metsähallitus started out with an extensive range of applicable criteria. On the basis of experiences gained from pilot projects and a targeted evaluation and selection process, the number of criteria was subsequently significantly narrowed down to a set of around 20 key criteria. This was found to be a manageable and effective number once the most essential variables had been selected and their measurement standardised. For information management, Metsähallitus uses database applications for the demand and supply data, which can be used to produce reports on current figures and trends, ranging in scale from individual areas to regions and to the national level. This paper describes the development process of the approach and methods applied by Metsähallitus in monitoring the sustainability of outdoor recreation and nature tourism in Finland. In addition, a case study example from Pyhä-Luosto National Park is used to illustrate the system at the park level.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 950 Serial 2596
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Author Högmander, J.; Leivo, A.,
Title General Principles for Sustainable Nature Tourism in Protected Areas Administrated by Metsähallitus, Finland Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 336-338
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Metsähallitus is a state owned enterprise which has the responsibility for about 27 % of the Finnish land areas. The Natural Heritage Services of Metsähallitus is the administrator of 34 national parks, 17 strict nature reserves, 12 wilderness areas and over 400 nature reserves. Totally, the area of the protected areas, wilderness areas and other areas with high values for nature conservation and recreation, administrated by the Metsähallitus, covers almost four million hectares. As a part of the work to contribute to sustainable tourism in protected areas, wilderness areas and the areas yet to be protected, administrated by Metsähallitus in Finland, nine principles have been developed. Nine principles of sustainable nature tourism are to be implemented in 2004 and they have been prepared paying attention to the character of these areas and the roles of the various actors, i.e. Metsähallitus, private entrepreneurs having their business there and all the stakeholders which are active within or close to these areas. The nine principles for sustainable nature tourism are as follows: 1) Nature values are preserved and the activities promote nature protection, 2) Minimum loading of the environment is assured, 3) Local culture and heritage are respected, 4) Customers’ appreciation and knowledge of nature are promoted, 5) Customers’ opportunities to find recreation in nature are enhanced, 6) Customers’ mental and physical wellbeing are reinforced, 7) Positive impacts are made on local economy and employment, 8) Communication and marketing are of high standard and carried out with a sense of responsibility and 9) Activities are planned and implemented in co-operation.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 320 Serial 2368
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Author Sayan, S., Kalisch, D.
Title Immigrants’ urban outdoor recreation: Explorative case studies in Turkey and Germany Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 344-346
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Migration is a global fact which is driven by many complex and inter-related economic, social, political, environmental reasons. Europe has become ‘a continent of immigration’ in the course of the last half century, and European societies have experienced growing ethnic and cultural diversity (Okolski, 2012). Accordingly diverse social groups with various cultural backgrounds interact in everyday life. Besides several economic and social challenges, the role of outdoor recreation on urban green spaces (UGS) deserves consideration in the social inclusion of immigrants. UGS are public places for recreation, stress relief, outdoor recreation activities and places for interaction and encountering other people. In contrast to dense built environment of the cities, meeting and communicating on urban green can be platform for breaking social segregation (German-Chiari and Seeland, 2004, Seeland et al., 2009, Leikkila et al., 2013).
Call Number Serial 3968
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Author Fulton, S.; Donohue, B.; Pearse, J.,
Title Understanding the impacts of road and aircraft noise on avian species richness in Milford Sound, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand: A proposed methodology Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 370-371
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Milford Sound is a tourism hotspot located in the protected natural area of Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Due to its wild landscape, unique views and natural quietness, it is considered one of New Zealands must visit locations for tourists, both national and international. Consequently it received nearly 1 million visitors annually pre-Covid, which is of concern because a number of international studies have shown a link between high visitor numbers and degradation of natural soundscapes. Due to the extreme topography of the park, Milford is quite isolated and only accessible by aircraft and a single road; the Milford Highway. These modes of transport generate a disturbance, not only along the highway corridor, but spatially more expansive due to the nature of aircraft and traffic noise propagation – exacerbated by the topography. Whilst effects of these noise sources on human perceived tranquillity in New Zealand have been and are currently being investigated, no such research has focussed on the impacts to wildlife in this context. Similar studies have been conducted internationally, such as in the United States, that conclude anthropogenic noise has detrimental effects on avian wildlife, such as communication, use of space, reduced reproductive success, and altered species richness. Further to this body of work, our research will focus on the impacts of such noise sources on avian species richness in the New Zealand context, which has been identified as a research gap. This research is imperative due to the unique ecology of New Zealand for which more than 70% of bird and animal species are endemic.
Call Number Serial 4363
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Author Gruas, L.; Cerrin-Malterre, C.; Loison, A.,
Title Wildlife disturbance caused by nature sports: an overview from general to specific Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 118-119
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Mitigating the impact of recreationists has become a major challenge for natural area managers who often express the need to be provided with information about the visitors. Indeed, as managers start to organize and take this emerging issue into consideration, land use restrictions and other awareness raising campaigns flourish in mountain territories. Knowledge of nature sports participants is thus required, not only to make them aware of the issue but also to know which factors influence awareness the most and to get feedback on the way measures are perceived and accepted by visitors. Yet, if much research in the field of ecology has been done to show the existing impacts of recreation on wildlife, little research was led on the perception and acknowledgment of the impacts by recreationists.
Call Number Serial 4252
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Author Conti, E.; Farsari, I.,
Title Nature-based tourism experiences between mobile connectivity and the freedom of disconnecting Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 300-301
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Mobile Internet connectivity is traditionally seen as an experience enhancer in tourism, and extant research in the context of natural and protected areas show a positive attitude towards such technology. On the visitor experiences side, it enhances safety, information retrieval, connectivity to peers and accessibility (Elmahdy, Haukeland and Fredman, 2017). On the destination managements side, it constitutes a resource for visitor planning, monitoring and engagement (Pickering, Chelsey, Barros and Rossi, 2020; Hausmann et al., 2017).Recent studies are discussing more critically whether ubiquitous connectivity always represents a resource for tourism or conversely a factor that jeopardizes the tourism experience by triggering pressures, discomfort as well as estrangement from local communities and places (Egger, Lei and Wassler, 2020). The issue is particularly important within nature-based tourism, due to its relation to experiential themes of genuineness, detoxification and escapism and its localization in areas where transformational and educational experiences are prioritized (Li, Pearce & Low, 2018).
Call Number Serial 4334
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Author Ishiuchi, T., Kawamoto, Y., Huruie, I.
Title Study on Comfort Evaluation using Brain Waves and Questionnaire Survey in Outdoor Spaces Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 326-327
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Modern society can be stressful, and there is growing interest in the creation of comfortable living space. Many studies of urban space have focused on ways of creating relaxing space and comforting environments. For example, green space at highway rest facilities has been found to ease driver stress (Iwasaki et al., 2007). In recent years, devices for measuring biological information that were originally used in the field of medicine have become generally available and are being used in a variety of research fields. Research into the evaluation of urban space is no exception, and many researchers are now using biological information to quantify the effects of spatial recognition on the human body. Examples are the measurement of salivary amylase levels (Nakagawa et al., 2014) and brain waves in moving subjects (Miura et al., 2005). Here, we quantified the difference between the healing effects and stress-reduction effects of green space and general street space (including space at a train station), by a using inexpensive EEG (electroencephalography or “brain wave”) machine. Our aim was to quantitatively verify the healing and stress-reduction effects of these spaces by using EEG measurement and a psychological analysis performed with a questionnaire survey.
Call Number Serial 3962
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Author Curtis, N.,
Title Managing Commercial Recreation on Crown Land: The Commercial Recreation Transition Plan for the Sea to Sky Corridor, BC Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 314-319
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) Monitoring and management of visitor flows in parks and recreational areas has traditionally focused on public recreation. However, there is a growing need to find management tools to address commercial operations as well as public recreation, and to manage activities outside of protected areas as well as within them. The implementation of a program to manage previously unregulated commercial recreation operations in the Sea to Sky Corridor, north of Whistler, British Columbia is described. It is argued that commercial recreation (CR) is not only different in kind from public recreation, but also offers significantly different challenges and opportunities with respect to visitor management.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 508 Serial 2317
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Author Sitarz, M.; Bukowski, M.; Zieba, S.; Zwikacz-Kozica, T.
Title Monitoring of illegal human activities in the Tatra National Park, Poland Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 342-344
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Monitoring of illegal human activities seems to be very important issue. Those activities vary from hiking, climbing to skiing, exploring caves and gathering plants. In the Tatra National Park camera traps are used to examine these issues and estimate the scale and type of human trespassing phenomena as well as its influence on wildlife. This method is worldwide used for wildlife (Roveroa et al., 2013; Wearn, Glover-Kapfer, 2017) as well as visitor monitoring (Hossain, et al. 2016; Miller et al., 2017).
Call Number Serial 4157
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Author Aikoh, T., Gokita, R.
Title Status of, issues with, and manager attidutes toward visitor monitoring in Japans national parks Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 334-335
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Monitoring of visitor behavior and attitude is indispensable for management of protected areas, including national parks, and accurate information regarding such is thought to lead to prudent management (Cessford & Muhar, 2003). It is essential to know the number of visitors and their trends, motivation, and satisfaction. That information is useful for making decisions concerning the planning and management of parks and is essential for sustainable and appropriate use of these protected areas (Hornback & Eagles, 1999). This study aimed to clarify the current condition of visitor monitoring in Japanese national parks and to understand the issues and attitudes of park managers.
Call Number Serial 4154
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Author Andrew, R.; Burns, R.; Hentz, A.; Schwarzmann, D.,
Title Monitoring remote aquatic protected area use with remote methods during a pandemic: Innovation as necessity Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 238-239
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Monitoring outdoor recreation and use in remote aquatic areas presents challenges beyond traditional sampling and methodologies. A diversity of entry points and mechanisms, coupled with diffuse pathways to enter such areas makes assessment of use especially sensitive to bias and limitations of methods.Also, the unique attributes of protected areas make use assessment and monitoring an inherently customizable problem.To address these challenges, an iterative process that incorporates local expert knowledge to prioritize methods that balance accuracy and efficiency is preferred.One such process, called NMS-COUNT (Burns et al. 2020) has been developed to address use monitoring at National Marine Sanctuaries within the United States.This process seeks to apply a standardized assessment of potential methods through extensive literature review (Andrew et al. 2021) and expert panel feedback to arrive at a customized formula of methods suitable for context-specific protected areas.This method was applied to two pilot study sites using data from 2019-2020 in Grays Reef National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the southeastern U.S. During the development phase of the process, mixed methods were prioritized, including the use of in-person surveys and counting. As the design phase progressed and was ready for implementation, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as an even greater challenge to human use sampling and monitoring.
Call Number Serial 4307
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