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Author Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.,
Title Monitoring of recreation use in Austrian UNESCO Biosphere Reserves – the case of the Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 206-207
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) UNESCOs MAB Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) play a key role in the integration of biodiversity conservation in sustainable development. Since 1976, when the MAB Programme designated the first 57 BRs, the Programme has undergone many significant developments. Meanwhile, the WNBR includes more than 700 BRs in 129 countries (Köck & Arnberger 2017). BRs include not only attractive landscapes and specific landscape features but also settlement areas, and can even include parts of larger cities. Such areas are exposed not only to high overnight and day tourism pressure but also to the everyday recreation of even millions of urban residents. Austria established its first four BRs in 1977. These first generation BRs were removed from the WNBR between 2014 and 2016 because of not fulfilling the renewed criteria for BRs (Köck & Arnberger 2017). Two of these BRs were located in East-Austria and part of national parks. While for the former Untere Lobau BR, which is part of the city of Vienna, a rich and long-term data base on recreation uses exists (Arnberger 2006), there is little knowledge on recreation uses of the former Neusiedler-See BR. Between 2000 and 2019, four second generation BRs were established, among these the Wienerwald BR (WBR) located in East-Austria.
Call Number Serial 4293
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Author Heikinheimo, V.; Toivonen, T.,
Title Critical comparison of social media and other user-generated geographic information as a source of visitor information – lessons learned in the SoMeCon-project Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 294-295
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Up-to-date information about outdoor recreation experiences is important for the planning and management of national parks and other outdoor destinations. User-generated data such as geotagged social media posts and GPS-tracks shared via sports applications have emerged as potential new data sources to complement on-site counters and surveys. There are considerable amounts of geographic information available from digital platforms and mobile devices representing the movements, activities and preferences of visitors, and these data have been increasingly used for studying visits to national parks and green spaces..This presentation draws together our findings from the Social Media Data for Conservation Science -project SoMeCon (2016-2021). Our main objectives were to 1) gain methodological understanding about social media and other user-generated data sets as a source of geographic information, and 2) to provide new information about the spatial and temporal patterns of human activities in national parks and green spaces. We compared social media data to official visitor statistics from Finnish and South African national parks, and social media to other sources of user-generated geographic information (sports app data, mobile network data, PPGIS data) from urban green spaces in Helsinki, Finland.
Call Number Serial 4331
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Author Tyrvainen, L., Neuvonen, M., Silvennoinen, H.
Title Contribution of nature areas to residents’ health in urban and suburban areas in Helsinki, Finland Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 486-488
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Urban and suburban greenspaces are increasingly acknowledged to provide an essential resource for residents’ mental and physical well-being and can be influential during both leisure time and commuting. In many cities, however, land-use pressures leading to intensifying land use and compact city structure fail in taking into account the potential of nature areas to enhancing health and well-being of residents. Although Finnish cities are still fairly green compared to the European average, heavy pressures are placed on the green spaces of the largest growth centers, in particular in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Key information serving urban planning in this context include what kind of green infrastructure within and around cities supports health and wellbeing of different types of residents and how the use of these areas can be promoted among various user groups.
Call Number Serial 4013
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Author Mutz, R.; Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G.,
Title Cyclical Visitor-Behavior Patterns of Urban Forest Recreation Environments and their Determinants – A Statistical View Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 218-224
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) Urban forest recreation environments have their particular rhythms, not only natural periodicities, but also periodicites of their human members (vistors, rangers,...). A human forest ecosystem as a basic unit of analysis can be defined as an interaction between the population, the organization of forest and the technology in response to the environment. In order to manage such forest ecosystems information about the recreation demand of visitors is needed, particularly about the rhythms of the visitor flow. A scientific project in Stuttgart, a town in South-Germay, provides for an example. The central objective of this paper is to detect periodicities in a time series of frequencies of certain groups of visitors, observed by a fix video camera over one year (March 1999-March 2000) (n=1421 measurements). A not widespreaded statistical method, the spectral analysis, will be applied on the data. Certain periodicities can be found, especially a day-cycle, week-cycles and year-cycles for the various groups of visitors. Impacts of weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) and weekday (weekend or not) have significant influence on the visitor flow. A simulation illustrates the shape of the cycles, which are detected.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 478 Serial 2302
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Author Fagerholm, N.; Eilola, N.; Arki, V.,
Title Outdoor recreation and natures contribution to well-being in a pandemic situation – case Turku, Finland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 100-100
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Urban green infrastructure provides a range of experiences for people and various health benefits that support human well-being. To increase urban resilience, exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are important to learn from. This study aims to understand how the residents in Turku, a middle-sized city in Finland, perceived their outdoor recreation changed and how nature contributed to their subjective wellbeing during the early phases of the COVID-19. Sites of outdoor recreation and associated ecosystem service benefits were gathered through a map-based survey. In addition, the contribution of nature on subjective well-being and the changes in outdoor recreation behaviour were measured. Data was analysed through quantitative, qualitative and spatial methods.
Call Number Serial 4244
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Author Dahlberg, A.; Borgstrom, S.,
Title A just access to urban green commons? The case of people using wheelchairs in Stockholm Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 320-321
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Urban green space and urban green infrastructure as contributors to city qualities have received growing scholarly and practical attention. Of the many forms of urban green space, we focus on urban green commons (UGC), arguing that issues of environmental justice are highlighted and strengthened in the perspective of commons. The UGC concept has been used with slightly different meanings, where e.g. Németh (2012) defines urban commons (not only green spaces) as being collectively owned, held in joint use, and to which everyone has access. Coldings and Barthels (2013:157) definition of UGC includes urban green space of varied ownership and which “depend on collective organization and management”, as e.g. community gardens and allotment gardens, which are not open to all. In this study, we define UGC as green spaces that legally are accessible to anyone, which in a Swedish context is where the Right of Public Access applies (SEPA 2020). However, just because you have the legal right of access does not mean that you have realized access.We focus on access in a broad sense explored from an environmental justice perspective. The degree of access is often defined quantitatively such as proximity to green spaces, or by how many from a certain social group use these spaces (Kabisch & Haase 2014). However, access is a complex concept, and inspired by Rigolon (2016) we include mental (e.g. fear), social (e.g. company), physical (e.g. roots, ice), and structural (e.g. transport, information) aspects of access. There are different ways of theorizing and analyzing environmental justice (e.g. Anguelovski 2020), and in this study, we follow Svarstad and Benjaminsen (2020), who defines environmental justice as distributive, recognition, procedural, and capabilities, and Rutt and Gulsrud (2016) who apply this lens on access to UGC. We find that within these categories all aspects of environmental justice can be explored.UGC are intended to be accessible for all people – but is that really the case? Loftus (2020) raises the question about what really is included in the expression “all the people” that often is used in policy and planning declarations, also concerning urban green spaces. But are they in practice UGC from an environmental justice perspective? The use of UGC is increasingly studied, but people with impaired mobility, e.g. using a wheelchair, is one example of a group whose access to urban green spaces has been largely neglected. Most studies about this group include all disabilities (Burns 2013) or are not focused solely on the urban context (Burns 2013, Stigsdotter 2018). However, Corazon et al. (2019) present a qualitative study with people with mobility impairment in cities.
Call Number Serial 4342
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Author Arnberger, A.; Eder, R.,
Title Over- and undercrowding in the urban context: A comparison among Viennese green spaces Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 66-66
Keywords MMV4, Crowding, perception, urban recreation, urban park users
Abstract (up) Urban green spaces are essential natural environments for densely populated areas and offer refuges from the hectic city life and work environments. They constitute spaces that provide relatively low levels of social contacts, at the same time they are settings for social gathering. High-use levels as well as too low use levels in urban recreational areas may also be associated with negative effects due to overcrowding, safety concerns or too low social stimulation levels. Given the prominence of urban recreation areas in our daily life, it is surprising that so far rather little research has focused on the crowding perceptions and the social carrying capacities of urban park users, particularly in Europe. In eight different green spaces in Vienna, about 1700 on-site visitors were interviewed on randomly selected eight sampling days in 2006. Green spaces were heavily used small inner urban parks, various historical gardens and forests, and peri-urban recreation areas with a large area size and with low visitation. Interviews lasted between 15 and 20 minutes in most cases. One or two interviewers were used per study site. Crowding issues were asked in three separate questions using bi-polar measures: Visitors were asked about their crowding perceptions of the respective recreation area for both Sundays and workdays, using a 7-point scale ranging from a too lonely situation to an overcrowded situation (global measures of crowding). Actual crowding at the time of the interview was investigated using the same 7-point scale (actual measure of crowding). Crowding expectations and perceived development of use levels since the first visit were also asked. Overcrowding and undercrowding perceptions were expressed. About 47% of respondents expressed overcrowding perceptions for Sundays, while for workdays mostly pleasant crowding perceptions were reported. All crowding measures differed significantly, and significant differences were found across the green spaces. Research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 908 Serial 2576
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Author Ursul, C.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Cahill, S.
Title Assessing recreational impact in a protected peri-urban park. The case of Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 484-486
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Using Collserola Natural Park as the study area, this research was set out with the aim of assessing the utility and effectiveness of a trail survey methodology in the evaluation of recreational impact in a peri-urban natural park. Collserola Natural Park is a protected Natura 2000 site covering over 8,000 ha of mostly Mediterranean pine and oak woodlands situated directly beside the city of Barcelona, in the centre of its corresponding metropolitan area with a nearby population of 3.2 million inhabitants, 43% of the population of Catalonia.
Call Number Serial 4203
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Author Bizarro, S., Nogueira Mendes, R.M., Santos, T., Juliao, R.P.
Title Monitoring Outdoor recreation in Serra da Estrela Natural Park, Portugal Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 140-142
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Using the information made available by new technologies and social networks specialized in this segment, the study proposes, based on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI), the development of planning tools for an efficient characterization of this reality. The methodology intends to study, through an analysis of the available voluntary information, the users’ preferences towards the trail system of Serra da Estrela Natural Park (PNSE). The study results will contribute to the definition of standard criteria used in the design of a trail network, optimized according to the users’ profile and preferences.
Call Number Serial 3903
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Author Staab, J.; Taubenbock, H.; Hob, H.
Title Monitoring Visitor Numbers with computer vision Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 127-129
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Utilizing cameras to count visitors has proven to be accurate, traceable and rich in features (Arnberger et al., 2005). However, extracting data from the imagery manually consumes large resources, limiting the utilization of camera observations to short-term monitoring projects. In this work, we apply and test computer vision to characterize visitors at the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin in Germany in an automatic manner.
Call Number Serial 4080
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.,
Title GIS-based modeling of car-borne visits to Danish Forests Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 233-239
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) Vector-based GIS is used as a basic for building a predictive model of car-borne recreational activities in Danish nature areas. Special attention is paid to the forests. The model takes its point of departure from frequencies of forest visits considering type of starting point (dwelling, summer house etc.), travel cost (into four time-bands) and three different nature types (forest, beach, and the remainder landscape). By means of linear regression statistics the model results are correlated with registered activities (number of cars in an extensive selection of parking lots in the nature). Further the effect of various local amenities – distance to the coasts, terrain form etc. – are evaluated. The work is part of the authors Ph.D.-thesis (Skov- Petersen, 2002).
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 482 Serial 2304
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Author Kobayashi, A.,
Title User attitude towards traffic control in Shiretoko and Daisetsuzan National Parks in Japan Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 185-193
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Vehicle traffic control has been introduced as a countermeasure to over-use in various natural parks of Japan. Users' understanding is indispensable for enforcing vehicle traffic control. Thus, the present traffic control system must be examined based on an evaluation from the viewpoint of visitors. Kohgen area of Daisetsuzan National Park and Kamuiwakka area of Shiretoko National Park in Hokkaido (northern island of Japan) were chosen for case studies. Data were collected by a mail-back questionnaire survey for visitors of these areas in 1999–2001. The results showed that most visitors approved or supported the traffic control systems. Approval ratings of vehicular traffic control were closely related to the visitors' acceptability of inconvenience by the control. The visitors' acceptability of the inconvenience was closely related to the length of period under the vehicular traffic control, and interval between shuttle buses. The parameters of the investigation included the timing of the survey. Approval ratings were higher within the restriction period than outside. The study confirmed that there were some elements to which the relationship to the traffic control approval were steady or unstable according to the investigation year. This finding strikes a note of warning about discussing significance levels from data acquired over a single year.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 368 Serial 2392
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Author Monteiro, L.
Title Using GPS data from Web 2.0 platforms to assess informal trail network and its impacts in protected areas Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 270-272
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) VGI represent today a significant form of user-generated content compiling information about locations (e.g. places of interest), a phenomena or information (e.g. GPS tracking of bike and hiking routes), and can be stored into interactive track management services (e.g. Web 2.0 platforms) (Rinner et al., 2008). The present explores the use of GPS-based visitor tracking data organized in a Web 2.0 platform as an alternative resource to assess the spatial distribution of informal trails networks and their level of impacts in protected areas. It has is application in Arrábida Natural Park (PNA), an important protected area in Portugal, located 37 km south of Lisbon, where informal trails are a constant management concern due to a lack of a structured and formal trail system, leading to some impacts and extensive areas of disturbance.
Call Number Serial 3943
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Author Pickering, C., Barros, A., Dario Rossi, S., Hernando, A.
Title What have we learned in the past 12 years about Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas? Current knowledge and future research directions. Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-186
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Visitation to recreational and protected areas continues to increase and diversify. This creates both challenges and opportunities for those who engage in these activities and for those who managethe destinations. With increased visitation there can be increasing environmental impacts and potential for social conflict unless appropriately managed. Recognizing the importance of these issues a group of scholars came together in 2002 to provide opportunities for academics and practitioners to exchange information by running multidisciplinary conferences every two years on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in recreational and protected areas (MMV conferences). The first conference was in Vienna, Austria in2002 Vienna, with subsequent conferences in Rovaniemi, Finland in 2004, Rapperswil, Switzerland in 2006, Montecatini Terme, Italy in 2008, Wageningen, The Netherlands in 2010, Stockholm, Sweden in 2012,Tallinn, Estonia in 2014, and here in Novid Sad, Serbia in 2016 (Figure 1).
Call Number Serial 3917
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Author Dumont, B.; Gulinck, H.,
Title Push and pull assemblages for modelling visitor’s flows in complex landscapes Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 386-392
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) Visitor flows can be represented as a landscape-recreation-model with eight components: entrances, goals, exits, field units, attractors or detractors, road segments, road junctions and barriers. The model can develop towards a real-time application by increasing its complexity. Starting from a basic situation (a landscape with one road and one entrance), the influence of landscape attractiveness is included; secondly diversity of the terrain and visitor is taken into account, thirdly time variation is added and finally, the interaction between the eight above-mentioned components is incorporated. The basic framework is a cost-distance function, to estimate the probability of on- and off-track visit of any location in a nature reserve on deliberate times and in specific terrain conditions. This can be represented by mean of a push-pull concept: some of the components (like entrances) have a push effect, while others, like goals, exits (when determined in advance) and attractors, have a pull-effect. To support the conversion towards a real-time application, GPS surveys, interviews, camera observation, photographic monitoring of seasonal changes, photo comparisons, step-bridges, walking experiments, experiments about field unit division and landscape preference studies were executed. This model is being developed in marshland nature reserves in central Belgium. Ultimately this system should lead to an impact assessment and decision support tool.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 332 Serial 2374
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Author Taplin, R., Rodger, K., Moore, S.A.
Title The Multi-dimensional Components of Visitor Loyalty to Protected Areas Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 354-356
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Visitor loyalty is important for protected areas not only for the revenue received from entrance fees and other charges but also for political support for their continued existence (Rodger et al., 2015, Weaver & Lawton, 2011). For this reason extensive research reported in the literature examines not only visitor loyalty but also the factors (such as service quality and visitor satisfaction) that may increase visitor loyalty (Moore et al. 2015). This paper adds to our understanding of loyalty as a complex construct. Factor analysis is used to demonstrate the multidimensional nature of loyalty and to explore these different dimensions. Implications for loyalty research are discussed.
Call Number Serial 3971
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Author Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K.,
Title Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 394-395
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas.
Call Number Serial 4374
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Author Olafsson, A.S.; Purves, R.S.; Garcia-Martin, M.; Wartmen, F.; Fagerholm, N.; Torralba, M.; Albert, C.; Verbrugge, L.; Heikinheimo, V.; Kaaronen, R.; Hartmann, M.; Plieninger, T.; Raymond, C.,
Title Comparing landscape value patterns between participatory mapping and social media content across Europe. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 292-293
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fuele…Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fueled by open georeferenced data and social media opportunities. Knowledge on how visitors use and value landscapes is increasingly elucidated by social media data or user-generated data passively contributed by online communities. Examples of this is the use of data from social media such as Flickr, where users share and store geocoded images in an online platform. Here images, locations and associated tags is opportunistic crowdsourced by researchers and planners to conceptually and spatially elicit landscape values such as cultural ecosystem services and relational values.At the same time, integrated landscape planning and management has increasingly focus on planning ideals of deliberative processes, co-creation and inclusion of diverse values. Examples of this is participatory mapping techniques aimed to support the inclusion of diverse values held by residents and visitors into integrated landscape management. By the use of online public participation GIS (PPGIS), participants are actively recruited to purposely map socio-cultural values about specific landscapes.The values data collated using active participatory mapping techniques and passive user generated data is rarely compared.In this study, we bring PPGIS and Flickr together in an exploration and discussion of the similarities and differences. In contrast to previous comparative studies focused on single study site, we expand the analyses from a single site to cross-site analyses of 19 landscapes across Europe (in 11 countries). We argue that in order for planners to harness the qualities of both – we need to place a spotlight on strengths and shortcomings of each method and core opportunities for complementary use. We do this by a direct comparison of the spatial distribution, intensity and type of landscape values elicited using PPGIS and Flickr data.Moreover, we relate similarities or differences to specific landscape characteristics and types of landscape values.
Call Number Serial 4330
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Author Skriver Hansen, A.
Title Introducing visitor produced pictures as a strategy for studying and monitoring visitor experiences in outdoor recreation management Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 137-139
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Visitor monitoring is an invaluable tool and source of information in recreation planning and management (Kajala et al. 2007). Traditionally, monitoring activitiesinvolve investigations on visitor numbers, profiles and spatial behavior, which is used for overview and information purposes. Unfortunately,monitoring activities that involve acquiring information about visitor experiencesare rarely prioritized by managers (Elands & Marwijk 2008). This is problematic, especially because recreation management “includes managing both material and symbolic […] landscapes” (Hall et al. 2013, p. 122). This is also emphasized by McCool (2006), who states that the state-of-art in visitor experience management needs improvement and that studying visitor experiences can be a way for managers to go beyond what he calls ‘superficial’ monitoring, which is monitoring efforts with a focus on visitor statistics only. Consequently, it is important thatvisitor monitoring efforts are not narrowed down to numbers and figures only, but also include detailed information about the details and specifics of various visitor experiences (McCool 2006). Indeed, it is an essential part of what has been referred to as experienced-based management, where securing and monitoring of high quality experience opportunities is put forward as a crucial part of area planning and management processes (Bushell& Griffin 2006).
Call Number Serial 3902
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Author Mayer, M.; Staab, J.; Udas, E.; Taubenbock, H.,
Title Triggered trail camera images and machine learning based computer vision as alternative to established visitor monitoring approaches? Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 296-297
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Visitor monitoring is crucial for many management and valuation tasks in protected areas and other recreational landscapes. Its core data are visitor numbers which are costly to estimate in absence of entry fees. Camera-based approaches have the potential to be both, accurate and deliver comprehensive data about visitor numbers, types and activities. So far, camera-based visitor monitoring is, however, costly due to time consuming manual image evaluation (Miller et al. 2017). To overcome this limitation, we deployed a convolutional neural network (CNN) and compared its hourly counts against existing visitor counting methods such as manual in-situ counting, a pressure sensor, and manual camera image evaluations.
Call Number Serial 4332
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Author Rupf, R.; Wernli, M.; Haller, R.,
Title How to elaborate precise visitor numbers? Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 161-164
Keywords MMV4, Acoustic slab sensor, calibration, visitor census, visitor monitoring, Swiss National Park
Abstract (up) Visitor numbers and visitor distribution are required information for various management tasks of recreational areas. Automatic data collection is a low-price opportunity to obtain data. The main problem of automatic methods is data precision. In the Swiss National Park, automatic visitor counting with acoustic slab sensors started in 2005. As precision did not appear to be satisfactory, the counting problems were investigated. Sensor installation strictly followed the instruction manuals given and fine tuning during the calibration period led to a deviance of 5%. Precise counting data resulted in the sum of persons counted whereas direction separated data was not as precise. Recommendations for counting site selection, installation and calibration counting are given.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 960 Serial 2601
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Author Hutton, E.; Nikula, A.; Tuulentie,S.,
Title Comparing participatory GIS and social media data with more traditional visitor monitoring methods Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 264-264
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Visitor numbers, new user groups and new activities in recreation areas are increasing and thus creating a need for new visitor monitoring tools. These methods should ideally provide continuously updating, located data of user groups and activities. Our aim was to explore the usability of public social media data, web-shared GIS and online PPGIS surveys for visitor monitoring in remote and less visited protected recreational areas. The study was made as a part of Interreg Nord funded Halti project in a border region of two Nordic countries consisting of popular recreational sites of Käsivarsi Wilderness Area, Malla Strict Nature reserve and Kilpisjärvi village in Finland and Reisa National Park and Kåfjorddalen in Norway.
Call Number Serial 4317
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Author Oian, H.; Fredman, P.; Sandell, K.; Saeforsdottir, A.D.; Tyrvainen, L.; Sondergeard Jensen, F.,
Title Visitor influx and sustainable tourism development – paradoxes and dilemnas in the Nordic countries Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 23-25
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Visitors’ experiences of nature attractions are at the core of the tourism industry of the Nordic countries. The main aim with this presentation is to discuss some dilemmas and paradoxes arising from the efforts of finding sustainable solutions to urgent problems caused by the rather sudden influx of tourist and the increasing variety of demands that follows from this
Call Number Serial 4045
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Author Wood, S.; Lee, H.; Lia, E.; Miller, L.; Seo, B.; White, E.; Winder, S.,
Title Landscape-scale insights into recreational activities derived from social media content Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 246-246
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) Volunteered geographic information, such as social media and online trip reports, are a promising source of data on the amount and character of recreational use in parks and protected areas.  The volume of data is often correlated with on-site measures of park visitation, and the content contains rich descriptions of visitors experiences.  This study presents a novel and generalizable model of public land visitation based on posts to three online social media platforms and two trip reporting platforms from National Forests in Washington, USA.  Then, we introduce and apply a convolutional neural network model for accurately classifying these visitors activities, based on the content of the social media.  We find that social media can substantially improve estimates of visitation to public lands.  Furthermore, there is also a strong correlation between the number of survey respondents reporting their participation in 14 common recreational activities and the number of social media posts classified as pertaining to the same activity.  The models perform nearly as well in novel locations as in the primary location, suggesting that the approaches are broadly applicable, though performance varies by activity.  By comparing our maps of recreational participation to the underlying landscape, we find that natural features (such as rivers, lakes, and higher elevations) and some built infrastructure (campgrounds, trails, roads) support a greater diversity of activities, while visitors are less sensitive to features such as picnic areas and wilderness designation.  Even while respecting the limitations of the volunteered data and models, these results provide actionable information to land managers by illuminating how recreation varies spatially and according to the recreational activities that are provided.
Call Number Serial 4310
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Author Marandola, D.; Malvolti, M.E.; Tognetti, R.,
Title Biodiversity and rural development: the case-study of the “Shepherd’s walnut”. An action model for sustainable rural development shaped on the peculiar features of a rural area Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 494-496
Keywords MMV4, Biodiversity, local resources, rural development
Abstract (up) Walnut tree, for nutritional value, wood and its connections to local culture and society, is a very typical product of the Apennine rural areas. Anyway, the economical value of the traditional/local varieties is today very reduced and this may expose rural areas to a loss of biodiversity, cultural values and landscape elements. FIMONT is a research project which aims to calibrate action models to increase the value of mountain traditional food products. The research, starting from some specific morpho-genetic analisys carried out by IBAF, has considered the possibility to increase the value of local walnut calibrating a model based on the peculiar features of the rural territory. An ancient path for sheeps transhumance has been choosen like a “red line” for the model.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1104 Serial 2673
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Author Garms, M.; Mayer, M.
Title Wilderness in German national parks: the gap between rhetoric and reality Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 372-374
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) We address the following research questions: Are German National Park able to fulfill wilderness standards of the National Biodiversity Strategy given their regional development goals? Which potential wilderness areas are left when visitor as well as management disturbances (e.g. hunting) are considered? What new challenges arise with high visitor numbers and related pressure on potential wilderness areas?
Call Number Serial 4165
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Author Kasama, S.; Matstuda, Y.
Title A study on the patterns of outdoor public spaces in tourist destinations that make the sight attractive Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 443-446
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) We are working on some research and analyses in order to clarify “factors” that make tourist destinations so attractive, from the viewpoint of outdoor public spaces or environments. By applying our future results, we aim at making it possible to analyze the attractiveness of each tourist destination and to propose effective methods to improve the attractiveness of the destination
Call Number Serial 4189
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Author Goossen, M.; Dekker, L.,
Title Recreational use in a natura2000 area and stakeholders ideas about management and maintenance: Citizens involvement, understanding the underlying views and the importance of communication. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 208-209
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) We conducted a recreation study in the Jufferswaard, a 31 ha floodplain in the municipality of Renkum with 30.000 inhabitants in the Netherlands. In this Natura 2000 area with recreation we counted the use, conducted a stakeholder analysis, qualitative interviews and an users survey. In contrast to the amount of nature data, there was no recreation data for this area. The Pilogroep, a group of active citizens in the municipality, asked us for this data.In the period 2018-2019 we counted the amount of recreational visits for one year with passive infra-red (PIR) sensors at the four entrances. We used LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technique: a telecommunications network that allows data to be sent to and from wireless sensors over a long distance gateway. On eight days, we counted the amount of visitors manually to check the PIR-data. The accuracy of the PIR-sensors was 75%. There are 55,000 visits a year, mainly from residents of the neighbouring villages of Renkum and Heelsum. On average there are 150 visits per day, mainly between 12.00 and 14.00. Sundays are by far the busiest days. The stakeholder analysis looked at what wishes were involved about management and maintenance and how much influence the various stakeholders have. According to the Pilogroep, the accessibility of the walking paths could be improved in the area. They also have wishes for the preservation of cultural history in the area. These wishes are not directly shared by the owner of the Jufferswaard: Federal Forest Service Staatsbosbeheer. They maintain the area soberly. The wishes for the area were explained on the basis of nature images consisting of different management. The Pilogroep has a more functional nature image and Staatsbosbeheer a more wilderness nature image, although the Natura 2000 status does not necessarily require a wilderness nature image. The influence of the Pilogroep is limited in contrast to Staatsbosbeheer as an owner. But citizens involvement is important to Staatsbosbeheer.
Call Number Serial 4294
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Author de Almeida Cunha, A.; Gomes, P.O.; Resende, C.; Fazito, M.
Title Economic contributino from tourism in a Brazilian National Park at the frontier of the Cerrado Biodiversity hotspot Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 405-406
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) We estimate the economic and financial impacts of tourism at Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park – PNCV, and discus the implications of different models of development, for the sustainable use of the Brazilian Cerrado. Number of visitors in Brazilian National Parks and at Chapada dos Veadeiros region have been increasing in the last decades. This contributes to local economies, through the expenses of the visitors and also to the recognition of the values of the nature.
Call Number Serial 4176
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Author Tolvanen, A.; Rämet, J.; Siikamäki, P.; Törn, A.; Orell, M.,
Title Research on ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism in northern Finland Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 264-270
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) We present preliminary results obtained from a project concentrating on sustainable nature tourism in Northern Finland. Our aims have been to provide information on the ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism by investigating the tolerance of vegetation to recreation and by surveying the attitudes of local people towards nature conservation and nature tourism. According to our results, even low levels of recreational activities have obvious effects on vegetation cover and species diversity. Attitudes towards nature conservation are positive as long as the opportunities of local people to continue the use of natural resources are not restricted, while opinions towards nature tourism are in general positive in the survey areas. To keep nature tourism at both ecologically and socially sustainable level, close cooperation between stakeholders, such as administrators, planners, researchers, and local people is required.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 352 Serial 2384
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Author Ploner, A.; Brandenburg, C.,
Title Modelling the Dependency between Visitor Numbers and Meteorological Variables via Regression Trees Type
Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 225-232
Keywords MMV1
Abstract (up) We propose using regression trees as a flexible and intuitive tool for modelling the relationship between weather conditions and day to day changes of the visitor load in outdoor recreation areas. Regression trees offer a number of advantages when compared e.g. to linear models, specifically by outlining different seasonal and meteorological scenarios. When applied to video monitoring data from the Lobau, an Austrian nature conservation area, good regression tree models for the total number of visitors and the counts for some visitor categories (bikers, hikers, swimmers) were found, while other categories could not be adequately represented (dog walkers, joggers). The regression trees indicate a strong relationship between weather and total visitor numbers, as well as weather and the number of bikes and swimmers, respectively. The relationship to weather was found to be only slight for hikers and dog walkers, and completely absent for joggers. In general, the use of derived meteorological quantities in form of thermic comfort indices for characterizing weather conditions results in better models than the use of directly observable meteorological quantities.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 480 Serial 2303
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Author Gunter de Queiroz, L.; Lindenkamp, T.C.M.,
Title Impacts of lockdown on the management of Brazilian National Parks Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 108-109
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) What did the current pandemic represent for park managers in Brazil? This pandemic certainly created negative consequences for costumers (visitors). But does this mean as well for conservation? Based on interviews sent to the 74 managers, we present an overview of the impact of Covid-19 at management of Brazilian National Parks.
Call Number Serial 4248
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Author Aikoh, T., Wang, M.; Gokita, R.; Shoji, Y.
Title Trends and awareness of foreign visitors in national parks – a case study of national parks Japan Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 408-410
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) What factors attract foreign visitors? Although facility improvement and diversification of services have the advantage of improving the convenience of Japanese users, there is also concern about their impact on natural resources and mismatch with the needs of foreign visitors. Thus, it is indispensable to examine the trends and needs of foreign visitors. In this study, the aim is to clarify the pattern of visits to national parks and the characteristics of foreigners visiting national parks and their needs
Call Number Serial 4177
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Author Moore, S.A.,
Title What is the place of democracy in recreation ecology? Type
Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 57-61
Keywords MMV4, democracy, practical wisdom, public, recreation ecology, visitors
Abstract (up) What should be monitored and who decides has been debated for as long as recreation ecology has been with us. The early work on planning frameworks advocates consulting with visitors to determine what conditions are important to them and then derive resource and social indicators from this information. Any associated standards are then similarly set with visitors’ input. At the same time, recreation ecologists have selected indicators that allow measurement and predictions regarding the relationships between resource and social conditions and levels of visitor use. Where are we now regarding these choices? A democratic perspective would argue that visitors should have significant influence on indicator selection and the standards that might accompany them. But what role does this leave for scientists and institutionally derived scientific knowledge in recreation ecology? In this paper I argue that we are morally and societally bound to embrace a democratic approach to recreation ecology with scientists and managers working with visitors, and others with a vested interest in protected areas, to develop ‘practical wisdom’ that can be evoked as a central tenet of recreation ecology.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 904 Serial 2574
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Author Dagan, D. T.; Fefer, J. P.; Zajchowski, C.; Brownlee, M. T. J.,
Title Publicly reported trail experiences: A mixed-methods dive into the internet corpus Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 70-70
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) While many visitor monitoring efforts measure discrete and quantifiable attributes, such as spatial distribution of visitors or economic values, many aim to capture more subjective qualities. Monitoring visitor experience is one such undertaking. Visitor experience extends beyond objective qualities about the recreation environment, and studying it requires understanding nuances about visitors perspectives that can be difficult to generalize. These perspectives can be studied qualitatively to capture in-depth and nuanced data, or quantitatively in order to generate ore comparable or generalizable results. Both of these approaches are strong and useful, and in this study we aimed to capture the strengths of both these approaches in a novel mixed-methods methodology using publicly available web data. Using trip report data from a popular trail website, we were able to describe visitor experiences in a way that is both large in scale and reflective of subjective experiences.
Call Number Serial 4230
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Author Nagendra, H.,
Title People, Pixels and Parks: Forest Conservation in the Tropics Type
Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 28-32
Keywords MMV3, Parks, protected areas, community forestry, forest conservation, land cover change, satellite remote sensing, South Asia
Abstract (up) While protected areas have become a cornerstone of conservation efforts, there is significant debate about whether parks have been effective in enabling conservation. A meta-analysis of information on rates of land cover clearing in protected areas finds that government protected areas are significantly likely to lower rates of habitat clearing over time. At the same time, it is essential to ask whether government protection is the only successful approach to conservation. A focused set of studies in Nepal and India indicates that it is not the official designation of a forest as government or community that impacts forest conservation as much as the actual degree of monitoring that takes place on the ground. Communities can be effective forces for conservation, if properly involved. By locating individual protected areas within the context of the biophysical, social and institutional landscape in which they are embedded, we will be able to better devise more effective approaches to conservation.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 580 Serial 2414
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Author Loseth, K.,
Title Niches in tourism- how do the entrepreneurs learn and interact? Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 146-147
Keywords MMV10
Abstract (up) While the tourism industry pre-pandemic was steadily growing worldwide, it has often been portrayed as a sector with challenges tied to knowledge development and innovation. This has been explained by the industry being dominated by small and medium sized businesses, high levels of labor turnover, challenges tied to seasonality, rapid changes of ownership and lack of dedicated career ladders (Hjalager, 2002). The nature of the tourism experience makes cooperation necessary in the industry, but the small scale of the businesses means limited resources for network cooperation. The fragmentation of the industry may also halt cooperation, as it consists of entities of different scales from different areas, that hinders communication and knowledge transfer (Czernek, 2017). Instead of trying to cover the whole of a fragmented industry, this research will examine knowledge development in businesses that offers similar products. Aldrich and Fiol (1994) use the concept of organizational populations to describe groups of organizations with similar products and/ or processes. Research on knowledge transfer in tourism indicate that businesses with similar product products has the potential for more specific learning, and more direct imitation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010:610), and that product similarity is positively related to exploitative knowledge transfers resulting in innovation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010; Sørensen, 2007).
Call Number Serial 4265
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Author Cavens, D.; Gloor, C.; Nagel, K.; Lange, E.; Schmid, W.A.,
Title A Framework for Integrating Visual Quality Modelling within an Agent-Based Hiking Simulation for the Swiss Alps Type
Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 70-77
Keywords MMV2
Abstract (up) While the visual qualities of a landscape are often key factors in attracting and retaining tourist visitors, they have been overlooked in recent simulation approaches to recreation modelling. While there has been a long history of modelling the visual quality of a landscape, particularly in forestry, due to computational restrictions these models have tended to be rather coarse and primarily suited for avoiding catastrophic impacts due to large-scale interventions in a landscape. However, the experience of the visual quality of a landscape for recreationists is much more subtle. Relatively small changes to spatial patterns and land use, when viewed cumulatively, can have a large impact on the attractiveness of a landscape for tourists. Methods for evaluating the changing visual quality of a landscape are invaluable for comprehensive long-term landscape planning. This paper describes a computational approach for integrating visual quality information into an agent-based simulation of summer hikers in the Swiss Alps. The benefits of microscopic modelling (where the activities of individual hikers are simulated) are combined with detailed 3D models to provide the possibility of a highly nuanced visual quality analysis of a recreational area. Using real-time computer graphics techniques, simulated agents interpret computer generated 3D images of what they 'see' as they move through the landscape. Various landscape metrics are calculated based on these representations, including visual quality indicators such as view composition, enclosure, and depth of view. These metrics are evaluated over the course of an agent's hike, and integrated with more traditional parameters (such as hike distance, steepness, congestion and availability of amenities) in an agent-based simulation. Unlike other raster based visual quality models, analyzing 3D representations allows the model to easily incorporate subtle screening effects, and allows the model to determine visibility from any location in the model. The technique allows for very detailed visual representations, and scales easily to include more detail as required by the analysis. Currently, the model represents terrain, vegetation communities, structures, path and road networks and information aids such as signage. The paper describes a working implementation of the technique, and discusses its advantages and limitations, including its substantial data requirements. The paper uses a specific case study in the Gstaad- Saanenland region of Switzerland to articulate how this integration of visual information within an agentbased simulation has advantages over more traditional methods of visual quality modelling.
Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 356 Serial 2386
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Author Arnason, T.
Title Wild thoughts – exploring the meaning(s) of wilderness among Icelandic outdoor recreationists Type
Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 294-296
Keywords MMV8
Abstract (up) Wilderness protection in Iceland dates back to the Nature Conservation Act of 1999 (Johannsdottir, 2016). However, to date no areas in Iceland have been formally protected as wilderness per se, partly because the identification of such areas has so far been very rudimentary. Wilderness areas in Iceland have thus up until now mainly enjoyed protection if present within the boundaries of national parks or other protected areas, in particular withinVatnajokull National Park which covers an area of 13,500 km2,, mostly in the Central Highland. According to the working criteria adopted by government agencies, the largest potential wilderness areas in Iceland are located in the Central Highland, an uninhabited region in the middle of the island which covers roughly 40.000 km2 or 40% of its total land area.
Call Number Serial 3951
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Author Rupf, R.; Stauble, A.
Title Monitoring methods of winter backcountry recreation in a wildlife sanctuary Type
Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal
Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 131-134
Keywords MMV9
Abstract (up) Wildlife management is an important issue in areas near human settlements and agricultural landscapes, such as the European Alps. In order to objectively assess the impact of backcountry winter routes and to increase acceptance of the results, the transparent recording of parameters such as the number of athletes or their area load is helpful. In this study we tested various different monitoring methods.
Call Number Serial 4081
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