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	Author	Weidinger, H.,
	Title	Recreational Forest Management: Sustainably Protecting and Improving the Recreational Function of the Vienna Woods			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	302-305
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 504			Serial	2315
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	Author	Bourdeau, P.; Corneloup, J.,
	Title	Recreational Transition and management of protected areas. The Cultural turn			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	4
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Based on various illustrations drawn from observations and research programs conducted in different tourist configurations in the French Alps, the key-note will define recreational transition as a set of processes, approaches and actions by which tourism practices and policies are transformed into becoming coherent and resilient with change in fields such as climate, energy, culture, and the economy. We’ll examine the contradictory processes, ambivalences and conditions in which the sustainable recreational transition is and is not being operated
	Call Number				Serial	4038
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	Author	McKenzie, J.; Katic, E.,
	Title	Recreational Use and Wildlife Movement near Mountain Park Communities: Integrating Social and Ecological Management Objectives in Banff National Park			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	429-431
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The proximity and easy access to recreational areas are special features of communities in parks and protected areas. In Canada’s Mountain National Parks, communities are often located in valley bottoms that are important habitat for a wide range of terrestrial wildlife. Managing the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational users near park communities presents a challenge for managers faced with the conflicting objectives of providing recreational opportunities while maintaining the quality of habitat for wildlife. To address land use issues between recreational users and wildlife, we develop management objectives that integrate recreational opportunities with wildlife habitat requirements. We outline methods to collect baseline recreation and wildlife data for an integrated land use plan and describe subsequent steps in the planning process.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 550			Serial	2338
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	Author	Bartoletti, C.T., Magro, T.C.
	Title	Recreational use in Natural Protected Areas: Adventure Races			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	114-116
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This research aimed to analyse Adventure Races’ rules as well as to interview races’ organizers and athletes in search of trends in Adventure Races’ organization in Brazil. It also sought whether or not, and to which extent these organizers and adventure sports’ consumers took into consideration environmental issues and not only logistical and financial factors when choosing the location, date and rules for a race. Finally, national park managers were too questioned about their professional perceptions towards the positive and negative impacts that Adventure Races had or may have on their work areas. Based on the information gathered from these tree stakeholders the final goal was to aid the establishment of better management actions focused on developing Adventure Races so that they will better meet the demands in public use and the objectives of conservation in natural protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	3895
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	Author	Engelbauer, M.; Majewski, M.; Job, H.
	Title	Regional Economic Impact of tourism in German Biosphere reservess			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	313-314
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Within the UNESCO Man and Biosphere program the concept of biosphere reserves aims as an innovative form of protected areas to achieve sustainable development in areas of cultural or/and natural importance. The apparent contradiction between protection and development is dealed with the help of a zoning model. Inside the development zone, surrounding the core and buffer zones of nature conservation, innovative approaches should be tested to strengthen a sustainable regional economy (Kraus et al. 2014). Tourism can be seen as one important vehicle to achieve sustainable conservation and development outcomes, especially in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (Job et al. 2017).
	Call Number				Serial	4147
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	Author	Klanjscek, J., Gecek, S., Marn, N., Legovic, T., Klanjscek, T.
	Title	Relating daily change of visitor number to crowding perception and overall satisfaction in Nature Park Telascica, Croatia			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	305-307
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Nature Park Telašcica is a protected area situated in the southeastern part of the island of Dugi Otok. It has been protected since 1980 due to valuable plant and animal life, geological and geomorphologic phenomena, and valuable archaeological heritage. There are strong daily and seasonal oscillations in visitor numbers. Seasonally, visitor numbers peak from mid-July to mid-August. During that period, visitor numbers peak daily between 11:00 h and 15:00 h because numerous excursion ships bring large numbers of visitors into the Park during that time. Large number of visitors at a same time, often resulting in crowding, has been hypothesized to be detrimental to visitor experience. The perception of crowding, however, does not correlate linearly with the actual number of people, but highly depends on the context of the experience. While in concert halls only extremely high densities reduce experience (and some crowding may be essential to a positive experience), even small crowds can be detrimental to an experience in nature, where solitude is sought for. Salt lake Jezero Mir locality of the Park has been suggested to be susceptible to such detrimental effects of crowding because it is a relatively small area frequented by 82% of the Parks visitors.
	Call Number				Serial	3955
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	Author	Macik, M.
	Title	Renovation of the tourist trails in the Tatra Mountains			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	460
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Due to substantial transformations of the surface within tourist paths in the Western Tatras, the Tatra National Park performs a reclamation of degraded slopes. It is implemented under projects “Reduction of tourist pressure on habitats and species in the area of the Tatras” co-financed by the EU (started in 2013, 2017).
	Call Number				Serial	4194
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	Author	Jackson, S.; Haider, W.; Elliot, T.,
	Title	Resolving Inter-Group Conflict in Winter Recreation: Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, British Columbia			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	109-114
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, in British Columbia, Canada, is wellknown for its summer historic gold rush hiking route, and is popular in the winter with local residents for skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Park managers implemented a strategy of temporal segregation to mitigate known conflicts between motorised and nonmotorised winter users. This study evaluated the effectiveness of separating users, by monitoring visitor satisfaction and support for the management strategy, and assessing the key differences between user groups within the theory of asymmetrical conflict. The results show that separating users does increase satisfaction for non-motorised users; however, support for controlled access is moderate to low among all users. This study alerts park managers using direct tools such as controlled access, in that dissatisfaction may shift from those who were most affected by the inter-group conflict (non-motorised users) to the motorised group, who are dissatisfied with increased access limitations and loss of freedom.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 446			Serial	2286
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	Author	Mayer, M.; Gach, G.
	Title	Revealed and stated preferences and their determinants for cross-border visits of protected areas inthe Polish-German border region			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	391-393
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The present study examines the barriers to cross-border tourism for the case of protected areas along the Polish-German border between inhabitants of both countries. These protected areas are a suitable object of investigation insofar as the natural prerequisites are comparatively similar on both sides of the border and thus can be neglected as a moderating factor for the travel decision. In our study we compare the revealed and stated preferences for visits of protected areas in the neighboring country.
	Call Number				Serial	4171
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	Author	Helgadottir, G.; Sigurdardottir, I.
	Title	Riding Horses in protected areas – heritage and/or harm ?			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	92-94
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Is a trail a scar on the face of earth? This paper explores these and other positions through the case of horse riding in Icelandic national parks. The attitude and experiences of managers, horse owners, conservationists, other residents as well as domestic and international riders towards horse-tourism, natural and cultural heritage conservation and the different kinds of riding trails were investigated
	Call Number				Serial	4067
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	Author	Kowalski, P.; Zielinski, M.; Pajak; M.; Nowicki, M.; Grzybowski, M.; Halecki, W.
	Title	Risk factors associated with practicing mountainbiking on single-use bikepark trails			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	450-452
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The aim of the research is to verify if the long-term impact of MTB related to heavy-metal and hydrocarbons pollution is considerable and may require further investigation. Observing increase in demand for professionally established mountain cycling trails, we’ve asked questions concerning long-term impact of MTB on single-use trails. As most research focuses on macro-scale effects of MTB, such as soil erosion or habitat (plant and animal) disturbance, we decided to verify, if there’s any traits of accumulation of heavy metals from worn brake pads and discs and hydrocarbons from tyre rubber in trail surface.
	Call Number				Serial	4191
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	Author	Fausitni Aquino, J.; Leah Burns, G.; Granquist, S.M.
	Title	Seal watching in Iceland: Ethical Management Development			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	165-167
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The purpose of this conceptual paper is to address the need to manage human-wildlife interactions in tourism settings to ensure positive outcomes for all stakeholders: wildlife, local communities, and visitors. Seal watching in Iceland is used as a case study to develop a model for investigating theoretical and practical understandings of wildlife watching management, environmental ethics, and community development.
	Call Number				Serial	4092
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	Author	Hibner, J., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Segmentation of alpine downhill skiers and snowboarders in mountain protected areas based on motivation factors: a comparison between two skiing areas: Kasprowy Wierch area (TPN, Poland) and Skalnaté Pleso area (TANAP, Slovakia).			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	366-368
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Comprehensive knowledge about visitor socio-demographic characteristics, combined with visitor motivations and preferences is necessary for successful visitor management in recreational and protected areas (Cessford & Muhar 2003). Visitor profiles based on motivational factors may support design of targeted tourist offer and communication between the management of protected areas and tourists (Konu & Kajala 2012). The main aim of this study is to segment downhill skiers and snowboarders of two ski resorts located in the Tatra National Parks (TPN in Poland and TANAP in Slovakia) based on visitor motivations.
	Call Number				Serial	3975
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	Author	Burns, R.C.; Graefe, A.R.,
	Title	Segmentation of Outdoor Recreationists: A Comparison of Recreationists’ Perceptions of Importance and Satisfaction Across Activities			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	122-128
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The purpose of this study was to explore levels of importance and satisfaction with various attributes of customer service among selected segments of outdoor recreationists. The study also examined the nature of the relationships between satisfaction attributes and overall satisfaction. These relationships were tested for four dimensions of satisfaction (facilities, services, information, and recreation experience), across three water-based user groups (ramp users, campers, and day users). This study builds on previous customer satisfaction research conducted by both consumer behavior specialists and recreation researchers. In congruence with previous research on customer satisfaction, many of the constructs associated with quality in a recreation environment are intangible, elusive, and extremely difficult to measure. Study results showed that there are significant differences between different segments of users in reported levels of importance and satisfaction with various aspects of a recreational visit, but the nature of the relationships between the various domains and overall satisfaction varies little across the user segments.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 450			Serial	2288
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	Author	Forer, P.,
	Title	Serial Experiences : Monitoring, Modelling and Visualising the Free Independent Traveller in New Zealand at Multiple Scales with GIS			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	173-179
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	This paper outlines a number of approaches and methodologies, based on utilising itinerary analysis and Geographic Information Systems, which have sought to explore tourism flows and their impacts at a range of temporal and spatial resolutions. As such its basic records are the sequential movement patterns of individual tourists, either from night to night or from stop to stop. It draws from a data base of some 50,000 journeys nationally, and three major regional surveys in Northland, the West Coast and Rotorua conducted between 1997 and 2001. The paper initially deals with analysis and integration issues relating to existing national data sets on international and domestic visitors and their overnight stays. It then describes and critiques the development of map-based sample surveys applied to detailed information on intra-regional flows, with reference to work in both Tai Tokerau (Northland) and the South Island's West Coast. These surveys record the 'informal' stopping behaviour of visitors in greater detail, and allow initial analysis of movement and positioning of tourists at various times of the day. Insights gained from these data are explored, and their relationship to other data sets such as attraction visitation and accommodation usage surveys are reviewed. Finally, the significance of the data for tourism (in areas such as development strategies and impact assessment) and for wider geo-demographic applications are discussed, as are new data collection opportunities for recording itineraries and flows.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 464			Serial	2295
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	Author	Spence, C.; Verreault, C.
	Title	Sharing the Stewardship of a Canadian Conservation Park			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	300
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Gatineau Park’s managers have recently undertaken a long-term, multi-pronged approach to try to engage its users in the conservation of the park. Certain activities, such as rockclimbing and horseback riding, have been delegated to user groups to ensure trail maintenance and appropriate user behaviour. A similar approach will be put in place for mountain biking.
	Call Number				Serial	4142
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	Author	Pinel, R.; Thian-Bo Moral, M.
	Title	Shark problematic issue in La Reunion : A sustainable monitoring of the sea territory?			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	467-469
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The object is to investigate the ecosystem and socio-system co-viability. To that extent, we focus on the monitoring of the coastal territory in La Reunion island, in the west Indian Ocean. In February 2011 began one meaningful environmental conflict in this island : the « shark crisis » (term use by the stakeholder groups). Several shark-human interactions occurred this year and have increased since. The « ordinary risk » of unexpected encounter with a squale has been built and became an « absolute risk » (Thiann-Bo Morel & Duret, 2013). Since, La Reunion island is known worldwide to be a “sharks island”...
	Call Number				Serial	4197
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	Author	Gulinck, H.; Dumont, B.,
	Title	Simulating Visitors’ Dispersion in a Nature Reserve based on a Friction Model			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	187-190
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	A friction model is used for predicting the risk of human penetration of fragile vegetation and bird breeding sites in a nature reserve in central Belgium. The basic components of the study are the terrain classification and the determination of friction values. Different sets of friction values are proposed: based on expert estimation, on walking speed, on energy consumption estimation and on willingness to trespass. The results are compared with spatial data derived from visitor’s observations and interviews. The model is to be improved in a later stage by incorporating the effects of visitor's goals, and of attractors and detractors such as vistas, free roaming cattle or physical challenges. The outcome of this study will be used as basis for the evaluation, and eventually of the redesign, of the current management decisions provided in and around the reserve. Also it should help in following-up the effects of the rapidly changing vegetation and terrain conditions on the behaviour of visitors.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 468			Serial	2297
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	Author	Cole, D.N.,
	Title	Simulation of Recreational Use in Backcountry Settings: an Aid to Management Planning			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	478-482
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Simulation models of recreation use patterns can be a valuable tool to managers of backcountry areas, such as wilderness areas and national parks. They can help fine-tune existing management programs, particularly in places that ration recreation use or that require the use of designated campsites. They can assist managers in evaluating the likely effects of increasing recreation use and the implementation of new management programs. They also can be used as a monitoring tool, being particularly helpful in predicting encounter levels in the interior as a function of easily measured counts of recreationists entering the area. The first backcountry travel simulation models were developed in the 1970s. They were never widely used, however, primarily because simulation runs were costly and difficult. Recent improvements in computer technology have ushered in a new era of travel simulation modeling.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 570			Serial	2347
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	Author	Probstl-Haider, U., Haider, W., Mostegl, N.
	Title	Skiing unlimited? Acceptance of resort extension by skiers in Tyrol/Austria			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	297-299
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Many ski-resorts in the European Alps hope to increase their visibility and attractiveness when expanding their respective resorts by developing new slopes and/or by merging with others. Examples like the Zermatt-Matterhorn-Ski-Paradise in Switzerland, the “Helm-Rotwand” in Sexten Italy, or the Ski-world “Wilder Kaiser” and the “Skicircus Saalbach -Hinterglemm – Leogang – Fieberbrunn” in Austria illustrate this trend. The main motives for the expansion and cooperation are expected marketing opportunities, synergetic management, and a higher overall financial stability (Zegg 2015). Also, climate change adaptation seems to be an argument in favor of increasing resort sizes (Steiger and Abegg 2013). The expansion or merging of ski resorts leads to impacts into the sensitive alpine environment and a permanent disturbance by the new infrastructure. The presented study aims to analyze the perception of the winter tourists and daily skiers concerning these changes and discusses recommendations for future resort development.
	Call Number				Serial	3952
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	Author	Goossen, M.
	Title	Smart monitoring visitors National Parks			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	240-241
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Dutch government is reintroducing policy for the 20 National Parks. The aim is to develop the National Parks into a strong brand. The reason behind it is the claim that a National Park contributes to the regional economy. There is a clear need from the managers of National Parks to understand how that contribution works. Insights from the external factors, combined with information about its current users and stakeholders and market research data will help the manager, but also local enterprises to choose relevant target markets. There is therefore a need for the development of a tool that brings the benefits of a National Park in a simple, affordable and reliable manner. The tool consists of Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Key Performance Indicators will determine how well the National park is meeting its objectives (Wearing & Schweinsberg, 2016).
	Call Number				Serial	3934
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	Author	Ankre, R.
	Title	Snowmobiling and free riding in the Jamtland mountains, Sweden			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	87-89
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This project investigates conflicts over land use in the context of the Jämtland mountain region, Sweden where tensions due to snowmobiling and free riding are increasing. The study takes a planning and management perspective.
	Call Number				Serial	4065
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	Author	Bandeira Diniz, F.K., de Souza Pimentel, D.
	Title	Social Carrying Capacity at a Brazilian Protected Area			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	39-41
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The modern societies reencounter the nature’s social representation in protected areas. Thus, there is a new enchantment with natural environments and concepts’ redefinition (Borrie 2012). According to this social archetype, the protected areas assume this main goal of biological diversity protection and ecosystems process maintenance (Dudley 2008). But even the most conscious visitors leave marks of their presence. A possible management action to protect resources and improve the visitor experience is to limit the number of visitors by calculating the social carrying capacity. This concept it refers to the number of visitors that can be accommodated in a protected area at the same time ensuring a satisfactory experience (Boullon 1997). The objective of this paper is to present the social carrying capacity of a high visited site in a Brazilian Park.
	Call Number				Serial	3872
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	Author	Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	126-129
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.
	Call Number				Serial	3899
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	Author	Miller, Z.; Freimund, W.F.
	Title	Social media in parks and conservation areas: A case study of “virtual visitors” from the Facebook page of Yellowstone National Park			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	234-236
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Social media has fundamentally the way the people engage with organizations, including agencies like the National Park Service (NPS). Many organizations are trying to benefit from the huge number of people that can be reached through social media. However, we know almost nothing about the “virtual visitors” that engage with park and conservation area organizations on social media. In this presentation, we discuss some of the first empirical research conducted on virtual visitors, including their characteristics, motivations, and preferences (Miller & Freimund, 2017).
	Call Number				Serial	4117
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	Author	Rodrigues Marques, N.; de Almeida Cunha, A.; Fazito, M.
	Title	Socio-environmental conflicts in the Cerrado Protected Areas of Chapada dos Veadeiros: a discursive treatment of tourism and development in Brazil			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	110-112
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The critical literature on tourism development would benefit from a discursive treatment of development policy contexts (Bianchi, 2009), and more specifically in protected sites’ regions. To respond to this agenda, this ongoing research aims to analyze the socio-environmental conflicts between tourism and mining in the town of Cavalcante, in the state of Goiás. In order to address the proposed objective, we employed a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis method, seeking a deeper understanding of the empirical reality and its complexity.
	Call Number				Serial	4074
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	Author	Blazejczyk, A.,
	Title	Some Problems of Tourist Activity in the Tatra National Park			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	417-420
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Tatra Mts. is an unique alpine ridge in Poland.. The whole Polish part of Tatra is a protected area as a national park (Tatry National Park – TNP). Its area is 21,164 ha. Every year 2.5 millions of tourists visit TNP. Tourist activity is one of the factor of nature degradation in Tatras. The most transformed are the areas with the greatest tourist penetration: Morskie Oko lake, Kasprowy Wierch Mt. and Koscieliska valley. The paper presents preliminary results of the studies dealing with the problems of tourist penetration in the Morskie Oko (MO) and Kasprowy Wierch (KW) regions. In the MO area needs and desires of tourists, time budget during stay at the place and tourists’ evaluation of infrastructure were studied with the use of special questionnaires. At Kasprowy Wierch the streams of tourists were observed. The number of tourists on each tourist track crossing KW was accounted. The results of the studies point to great diversity of tourist activity in TNP (making pictures, enjoying nature, walking in the surroundings, climbing, relax). The results can be useful for managing of tourist activity, for making corrections in TNP protection system and for establishing the methods minimising degradation of tourist tracks and its surroundings.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 544			Serial	2335
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	Author	Newman, P.; Miller, Z.; Levanhagen, M.; Francis, C.D.; Petrelli, A.; Abbot, L.; Shr, Y-H; Taff, B.; White, C.; Fristrup, K.; Monz, C.; McClure, C.; Barber, J.
	Title	Sounds as an element of human-coupled systems: Social-Ecological Evidence from Muir Woods National Monument			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	375-377
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Sounds have a profound impact on both social and ecological components of the environment (Francis et al., 2017). Although many studies have studied the social and ecological soundscape components independently (Francis et al., 2017), no research has examined the coupled social-ecological impacts of natural sounds. In this presentation we discuss findings from Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO) in California, USA, that shows how both social and ecological components of the soundscape influence and are influenced by each other in a dynamic and synergistic human-natural coupled system.
	Call Number				Serial	4166
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	Author	Krämer, A.; Roth, R.,
	Title	Spatial Requirements of Outdoor Sports in the Nature Park Southern Blackforest – GIS-based Conflict Analysis and Solutions for Visitor Flow Management			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	33-39
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 420			Serial	2273
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	Author	Selvaag, S.; Gundersen, V.; Strand, O.; Panzacchi, E.,
	Title	Spatial segmentation of hikers and wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) at Hardangervidda National Park: Management Implications			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	11-13
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Our study suggests a strong potential for coexistence between wild reindeer and tourists in Hardangervidda National Park, at large spatial scale, and indicates that wild reindeer move to refuge areas with less tourist infrastructure and fewer hikers during the peak tourist season. More specifically, the study identifies popular hiking trails that are predicted to hamper the possibilities for wild reindeer to migrate and access important resources.
	Call Number				Serial	4041
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	Author	Marinoski, N., Nestoroska, I.
	Title	Spatial-planning aspects of tourism development in the protected area Jasen			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	102-103
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to present the spatial-planning aspects for tourism development of protected area Jasen, that is multipurpose area, and has potentials different tourism types, through identifying the following: specific characteristics of tourism and geographical position of Jasen as a tourist value, and as a factor of tourism development, differentiation of locations with specific developmental resources that can be included successfully in the tourist offer, place and role of Jasen in tourism development of Republic of Macedonia, interactive connection of Jasen with other tourist area on national and international level, principles, criteria and indicators of sustainable development of tourism, and differentiation of different types of tourism and activities that can be developed in relation to the spatial and functional characteristics of Jasen and its differentiated localities.
	Call Number				Serial	3891
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	Author	Preisel, H., Arnberger, A., Brenner, H.
	Title	Spatio-temporal Patterns of Mountain Bikers in the UNESCO Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	161-163
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Sincemany years, mountain biking has become a popular activity. In the late 1990s, more than 800 km of mountainbike trails werelaid in theWienerwald, Lower Austria and Vienna. Since then the demands of mountainbikers have changed, because besideshardtail mountainbikes, downhillbikes and fullsuspensionbikeshave also gained importance. In the last few years various non-designated single trails in and around Viennahave become popular and many off-trail areas (areas with illegally built ramps and jumps by the users themselves)have developed.Interviews (e.g.Reimoseret al., 2008),observations (Arnberger and Eder, 2007) and analysisof available online GPS-user data (e.g. heat maps) show that non-designated trailsare sought out by mountainbikers.
	Call Number				Serial	3909
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	Author	Djercan, B., Brankovic, D., Bubalo-Zivkovic, M., Lukic, T.
	Title	Special Nature Reserve Obedska Bara: Good Example of Organization of Teaching in the Field			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	403-405
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to show how educational excursions can and should be implemented in education of primary school children. The paper shows detailed preparation of educational excursion for eighth grade, and also describes possible implementation of one-day excursion for fifth grade (Collection of plants for school herbarium) and sixth grade (Making school collection of insects). Special Nature Reserve (SNR) “Obedska bara” was used as a teaching facility. Special Nature Reserve “Obedska bara” is located in the southern part of Srem, near the Sava River, at altitude between 71 and 82 m. The total area of the reserve with the highest level of protection is 9820.0 ha. Obedska bara is bounded by the Sava River in the south, while in the north it stretches across southern outskirts of rural areas of the villages of Grabovci, Obrez and Kupinovo. It is located in the municipality of Pecinci, 45 km away from Belgrade and 35 km from the international airport “Nikola Tesla”. It is 20 km away from regional road Ruma – Šabac, 30 km from Šabac, while 70 km from Novi Sad. Special Nature Reserve in contrast to the narrower space of Obedska bara covers significantly greater area of 16,133.43 ha.
	Call Number				Serial	3988
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	Author	Bartoletti, C.; Magro-Lindenkamp, C.; Sarries, G.
	Title	Staheholders perceptions towards factors of influence on the choice of places for adventure races			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	411-412
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study reports the results of online questionnaires directed to adventure racers and race organisers, as well as to national park managers. Whereas in previous works more attention was given to organisers’ perceptions and attitudes, this focuses on racers (BARTOLETTI; MAGRO, 2016). A few questions intended to investigate what adventure racers and organisers perceived to be the most and least important factors when choosing a place to race or organise an event: environmental and sustainability related factors or factors related to logistics such as safety and proximity to hotels.
	Call Number				Serial	4178
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	Author	Sorensen, H., Moreno, M., Leppe, A.
	Title	Stakeholders to the Rescue Biosphere Reserve in the Chilean Andes			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	57-60
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	A multi-stakeholder approach with particular emphasis on the involvement of local communities were to be implemented that should foster dialogue, integrate cultural and biological diversity, and demonstrate sound sustainable development practices and policies based on research and monitoring,and finally the area should act as a site of excellence for education and training. Now five years after the declaration, formal public assessment and monitoring of the management efforts hasn’t been put in place, hence this presentation of an Impact Evaluation that aim toproduce an overall evaluative judgment about the significance of the declaration of the Biosphere Reserve in addition to descriptions of possible changes will be reported.
	Call Number				Serial	3877
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	Author	Rauhala, J.; Erkkonen, J.; Iisalo, H.,
	Title	Standardisation of Visitor Counting– Experiences from Finland			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	258-263
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	In 2000 we started to test visitor counters for the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland, in the Teijo Hiking Area. At the same time we tested both an appropriate method for visitor counting and counting equipment. Encouraged by this experience, we started systematic visitor counting in nine southern national parks in 2001. Traditional everyman's rights (right of public access) guarantee all people – Finnish or otherwise – free access to Finland's forests, whether the forests be privately or publicly owned. This makes reliable visitor counting difficult, but at the same time extremely challenging. The main reason for visitor counting is the fact that the total number of visitors is not known well enough in protected and recreational areas. We also need to have comparable and reliable visitor information from different types of area and in the long run we need to know the trends as regards the number of visitors. Besides being very important for Metsahallitus itself, the reliable estimates we are able to produce are also of great regional significance. Visitors can be counted by electronic and mechanical counters of different kinds. We have four types of counter in use. Three electronic types can be used in trail and traffic counting and also indoors. In addition there is one mechanical type which can be used indoors, for example. At the moment the Natural Heritage Services of Southern Finland have about 40 counters in use. Each counter calculates visitors somewhat differently, depending on the installation of the counter, its placement and the quality of the counter. Also, different weather conditions may affect the counters. For these reasons, each counter must be calibrated independently, after which each counter has its own coefficient. After calibration one can calculate the counter’s final result. Thereafter it is possible to calculate the estimated total number of visitors in a specific area. Metsahallitus also carries out visitor counting in other parts of Finland, but not yet as systematically as in southern Finland. Naturally there is a connection between visitor surveys and visitor counting, as both qualitative and quantitative information is important in planning and management processes. This paper presents practical experiences of visitor counting from the Finnish perspective. The presentation deals with the process of planning visitor counting, the special equipment needed in counting and ways of transforming the figures from the calculators into estimates of the number of visits in a specific area. In addition, the results of a pilot study from the Teijo Hiking Area are presented as a case.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 490			Serial	2308
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	Author	Erkkonen, J.; Sievänen, T.,
	Title	Standardisation of Visitor Surveys – Experiences from Finland			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	252-257
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	A visitor survey standardisation project was conducted in 1998-2000 in Finland. The visitor survey standardisation project was part of a large national outdoor recreation demand and supply inventory (LVVI). There are two reasons for the standardisation of visitor surveys. First, it is possible to collect comparable information from different kind of areas. Moreover, the information gathered can be combined on a national level. Secondly, standardised measurements assure long-term monitoring of behavioural changes in each studied area. The visitor survey standardisation project developed a standardised questionnaire for the most important information gathered with the help of visitor surveys, that is visitor profiles, activities, distribution of use by area, distribution of use by time, duration of the visit, expenditure of visitors and information on visitor satisfaction and motivation. It is recommended that the data collection be carried out by means of self-conducted questionnaires. The project produced a visitor survey manual and a Microsoft Excel application for computing descriptive results in order to encourage the personnel of recreation areas to conduct visitor surveys independently. The implementation of standardised visitor surveys is mainly carried out by Metsähallitus (Forest and Park Service) which manages the majority of the state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas in Finland. At the beginning of 2002, there were 33 national parks, 7 state-owned hiking areas and some 400 other protected areas. About two million recreational visits take place annually in state-owned protected areas and national hiking areas. The number of recreational visits seems to be on the increase. All together 22 different visitor surveys have been conducted in state-owned areas in the last few years. The results of some of the surveys have almost immediately been used in management and planning of the area in question. In general, there is increasing understanding and interest in the use of visitor information as a tool in decision making: services can be improved to meet visitor expectations better and scarce resources can be allocated more effectively. Along with visitor surveys, systematical visitor counts have recently been started using electronic trail and traffic counters, guest books or manual counters in several protected and recreational areas. At the moment, the next step will be to develop a national database of the collected information, and also to develop good practice in order to benefit from the information on a national level. This paper discusses, firstly, the structure and type of information that is needed from a visitor survey, secondly, how to conduct a visitor survey as a routine method in planning processes, and the framework within which visitor information can be utilised in planning and management. Thirdly, the Finnish experience of the benefits to be gained by using a standardised model for conducting visitor surveys is discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 488			Serial	2307
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	Author	Haider, W.,
	Title	Stated Preference & Choice Models – A Versatile Alternative to Traditional Recreation Research			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	115-121
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	In outdoor recreation research and visitor management applications, stated preference and choice methods have not enjoyed the same amount of popularity when compared to other directions of applied research. This is somewhat surprising considering the fact that decisions that managers of protected areas and outdoor recreation in general face are typically multiattribute in nature and require an understanding of the trade-offs that decision-makers of clients are willing to make. This paper provides an overview to stated choice research by explaining the essential considerations during the design and analysis of this approach. The various stages will be explained on hand of a simple example. Then the versatility of the approach will be demonstrated by discussing research design options in more detail.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 448			Serial	2287
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	Author	Aikoh, T., Gokita, R.
	Title	Status of, issues with, and manager attidutes toward visitor monitoring in Japans national parks			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	334-335
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Monitoring of visitor behavior and attitude is indispensable for management of protected areas, including national parks, and accurate information regarding such is thought to lead to prudent management (Cessford & Muhar, 2003). It is essential to know the number of visitors and their trends, motivation, and satisfaction. That information is useful for making decisions concerning the planning and management of parks and is essential for sustainable and appropriate use of these protected areas (Hornback & Eagles, 1999). This study aimed to clarify the current condition of visitor monitoring in Japanese national parks and to understand the issues and attitudes of park managers.
	Call Number				Serial	4154
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	Author	Clemetsen, M.; Barane, J.,
	Title	Storytelling as an intermediary between local communities and visitors in nature-based tourism			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	36-38
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	In this paper, we will present and discuss methods to identify and activate potential resources for integrated tourism and community development and wellbeing, particularly using storytelling as a way to reveal resources and to focus on integrity and the ethical aspects of NBT
	Call Number				Serial	4049
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