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Author (up) Miller, Z.D.; Freimund, W.A.; Powell, R.B.; Metcalf, E.C.; Nickerson, M.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A framework for integrating values into persuasive communication: value orientations, elaboration, and the theory of planned behaviour Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 302-304  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This presentation presents empirical findings that merge value orientations, the elaboration likelihood model, and the theory of planned behavior into a single framework. Collectively this research enhances communication for visitor use management.  
  Call Number Serial 4144  
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Author (up) Miyasaka, T., Oba, A., Akasaka, M., Tsuchiya, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Feasibility of using mobile phone GPS for visitor monitoring in a national park: a case study in Oku-Nikko, Japan Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 280-282  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Global positioning system (GPS) tracking has become a promising method for visitor monitoring in protected areas around the world. High-resolution data, including not only simple patterns of visitor movement but also walking speed and duration of stops, can be collected by distributing GPS receivers to individual visitors. This method, however, also has disadvantages, such as the high cost of distributing a large number of GPS receivers, risk of loss, and constraints on visitor movement for device distribution and collection. Our study focused on using the GPS equipped in many mobile phones today as an alternative tool. The use of mobile phone GPS functions could reduce the noted costs, risks, and constraints, because this method would use visitors’ own devices. Meijles et al. (2014) mentioned that the use of smartphone GPS functions could improve data acquisition, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has yet been published on the use of GPS in mobile phones and smartphones for visitor monitoring in a protected area. Our objective was therefore to test the feasibility of these uses of the technology.  
  Call Number Serial 3946  
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Author (up) Moder, F.; Hellmuth, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Objectives and Basis of Management of Visitor Flows in the Biosphere Reserve Vessertal/Thuringia Germany Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 346-352  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract The biosphere reserve Vessertal (Biosphärenreservat Vessertal) is one of the two oldest biosphere reserves in Germany and represents a characteristic part of the central European highlands. It is part of the Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald). In this region nature based tourism is very traditional. Since 1999 the increase of touristic offers in combination with the development of more touristic infrastructure caused a variety of activities in visitor management. A first step was the definition of the aims of visitor management. The discussion showed soon that visitor management in the Vessertal should include more aspects than the protection of species and biotops. Nevertheless the survey of sensitive habitats and species is an important basis for all further steps towards a concept of sustainable development. Finally, the first results of a project of reducing the present network of touristic trails are presented.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 518 Serial 2322  
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Author (up) Monteiro, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using GPS data from Web 2.0 platforms to assess informal trail network and its impacts in protected areas Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 270-272  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract VGI represent today a significant form of user-generated content compiling information about locations (e.g. places of interest), a phenomena or information (e.g. GPS tracking of bike and hiking routes), and can be stored into interactive track management services (e.g. Web 2.0 platforms) (Rinner et al., 2008). The present explores the use of GPS-based visitor tracking data organized in a Web 2.0 platform as an alternative resource to assess the spatial distribution of informal trails networks and their level of impacts in protected areas. It has is application in Arrábida Natural Park (PNA), an important protected area in Portugal, located 37 km south of Lisbon, where informal trails are a constant management concern due to a lack of a structured and formal trail system, leading to some impacts and extensive areas of disturbance.  
  Call Number Serial 3943  
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Author (up) Monteiro, L., Vitek, O. pdf  url
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  Title Developing standard procedures for visitor counters calibration in Czech Protected Landscape Areas Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 290-292  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Monitoring visitor use is critical to protect the protected area resources for future generations and provide high-quality experiences for visitors (Loomis, 2000, Manning, 2008). In the Czech Republic, protected landscape areas (PLAs) are one of core components of the conservation strategy and, as such, visitor data are needed to inform and support sustainable management of these areas. With this effect, automated counting devices have been used since 2009 as means for estimating visitor use and today there are more than 100 automated visitor counters located in 17 protected landscape areas (out of 26 PLAs in total) and other protected areas managed by the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (NCA).  
  Call Number Serial 3950  
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Author (up) Moreira, J.C; Burns, R.C.; de Carvalho, G.K. pdf  url
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  Title Use of game cameras and interviews to monitor visitors: is there crowding in the Iguaçu National Park – Brazil Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 276-277  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract  The objective of this effort was to collect data with cameras and to verify the satisfaction of the visitor and their crowding perception. The methodology involved interviews with 920 visitors and on-site data collection using a Plotwatcher camera. Camera images were collected each day, between 09h and 19h. Visitors were asked about their perception related with the number of people who were on the park at that time. The interviews took place between December 2017 and January 2018. Photos were also presented with 3 different scenarios to obtain visitors’ perceptions of the number of other visitors in the park. The three options were pictures with few people, with many people and a vast number of other people, so the visitor could answer which photo he preferred.  
  Call Number Serial 4132  
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Author (up) Morozova, A., Campbell, M.J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Sustainable Tourism Development in Belize: A Comparison of two communities at different stages of development Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 229-231  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recently Belize has implemented a National Sustainable Tourism Plan that aims to highlight Belize’s rich tourism resources while ensuring a sustainable future for tourism. Given that sustainable tourism must benefit local peoples and conserve nature it is important to understand exactly how tourism is impacting local communities.In this study we undertook an analysis of the current state of tourism in the communities of Laguna and Hopkins Village in Belize to identify: how residents perceive tourism and its impacts, the perceived economic, social and cultural effects of tourism on communities’ livelihoods and, how this relates to location, governance, and gender.  
  Call Number Serial 3931  
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Author (up) Mowen, A.J., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Estimating Visitor Occasions and Recreational Visits at an Urban Park District Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 436-438  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract The need for a committed system to monitor and track visitation over time is increasingly recognized by agencies that are responsive to staffing, budgeting, and public relations. This paper highlights a process that a metropolitan park agency uses to monitor visitation within its jurisdiction. The importance of a long-term and regular counting effort is highlighted as well as a brief discussion of trade-offs made between validity and reliability in the formative years of establishing a new use estimation system. The paper concludes by identifying some of the advantages and limitations inherent when estimating urban park visitation with inductive loop counters.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 554 Serial 2340  
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Author (up) Muhar, A.; Arnberger, A.; Brandenburg, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Methods for Visitor Monitoring in Recreational and Protected Areas: An Overview Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 1-6  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a systematic overview on methods used for visitor monitoring in recreational areas. Emphasis is given on quantitative methods such as direct observation, video observation, counting devices and registration books. The various approaches are discussed with regard to practical, legal and organisational aspects, such as costs, maintenance requirements, dependence on infrastructure (e.g. electricity), risk of vandalism or suitability for remote and ecologically sensitive locations. For the design of a visitor monitoring scheme in a specific recreational area it is necessary to determine the best combination of devices and methods, depending on the objectives of the monitoring program. This relates also to the temporal resolution of monitoring activities (permanent, periodic, selective). In areas where the recreational use is largely depending on external factors such as weather, daytime and season, the representativity of a sampling scheme becomes crucial for the statistic validity of the obtained data. As visitor monitoring can also be regarded as an interference with the privacy of the persons being monitored, ethic aspects of the application of the various methods must also be addressed.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 410 Serial 2268  
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Author (up) Muharremaj, V., pdf  url
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  Title Conflicts of Interest on National Parks and Protected Areas during the Transition Period in Albania Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 439-443  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract National Parks of Albania are the most frequented by visitors, because patches of virgin forests, high biodiversity, landscape beauties and nature monuments are present within their areas. During the hard transition period some conflicts of interest have risen on parks and protected areas, which delay their proper management and in a certain degree they affect the flow flux of visitors. The rural appraisal method was mainly used for identification of conflicts. The analyses of factors and causes of these conflicts allow to give some recommendations for their solution, which will influence, in parallel with other measures, on the sustainable management of parks and protected areas, evaluation of their multiple values by the society, and increasing the income of the local communities.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 556 Serial 2341  
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Author (up) Musa, S., Misilo, M., Siljkovic, Z. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Geodiversity as a fundamental determinant in distinguishing geoparks in Southeast Europe Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 413-415  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The problem of defining geodiversity in the broader area of South-eastern Europe seems to result in the unwillingness of their getting proclaimed and nominated into the European network. The question of evaluation and general research of geo-diversity and seclusion of Geoparks in SE Europe is burdened with many problems. Among the first is a problem of lack of recognition of the importance of the same. Although the question of Geoparks is “typical geographical” (as regards space as a subject of study in geography) it is just ignored by geographers. Some of the most important reasons for this situation in the field of research of geological diversity and seclusion of Geoparks are: different approaches to the concept of geo-diversity (narrower and a broader approach to defining), partly the failure to recognize the meaning of seclusion and protection of the most valuable parts of geological diversity (geoheritage) and political and administrative problems, which in some countries of South Eastern Europe are very pronounced, etc.  
  Call Number Serial 3991  
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Author (up) Mutz, R.; Von Janowsky, D.; Becker, G., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Cyclical Visitor-Behavior Patterns of Urban Forest Recreation Environments and their Determinants – A Statistical View Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 218-224  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract Urban forest recreation environments have their particular rhythms, not only natural periodicities, but also periodicites of their human members (vistors, rangers,...). A human forest ecosystem as a basic unit of analysis can be defined as an interaction between the population, the organization of forest and the technology in response to the environment. In order to manage such forest ecosystems information about the recreation demand of visitors is needed, particularly about the rhythms of the visitor flow. A scientific project in Stuttgart, a town in South-Germay, provides for an example. The central objective of this paper is to detect periodicities in a time series of frequencies of certain groups of visitors, observed by a fix video camera over one year (March 1999-March 2000) (n=1421 measurements). A not widespreaded statistical method, the spectral analysis, will be applied on the data. Certain periodicities can be found, especially a day-cycle, week-cycles and year-cycles for the various groups of visitors. Impacts of weather (sunny, cloudy, rainy) and weekday (weekend or not) have significant influence on the visitor flow. A simulation illustrates the shape of the cycles, which are detected.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 478 Serial 2302  
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Author (up) Nagy, K., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Public Use of the Public Parks and Protected Areas of Budapest Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 271-276  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract Based on the series of studies investigating the public uses of various public parks and nature conservation areas of Budapest, a comparative evaluation was prepared which allowed us to quantify the actual recreational role of these two types of green areas in the green area system of large cities. The approach involved on-site interviews with questionnaires and on-site monitoring, with additional urban planning analyses. The results provided direct help in the development of green area management guidelines for cities and in the preparation of future management plans for protected areas. In addition, the results allowed us to develop planning guidelines and a basis for developing new means of environmental awareness raising and education.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 492 Serial 2309  
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Author (up) Nakajima, Y.; Izu, N. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Complex surveys for monitoring climbers in Mt.Fuji, Japan Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 118-119  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The Japanese government listened to the advice and decided to lay out Visitor Management Strategy that includes the process of determining carrying capacities for the upper access routes that will help realizing the desirable style of Mt Fuji accents. In order to do that, the government needs to investigate and research the current state of the mountain by collecting and analyzing objective data. This research was conducted in order to collect and analyze necessary data for strategy mentioned above  
  Call Number Serial 4077  
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Author (up) Neuvonen, M., Nummelin, T., Sievanen, T., Tuulentie, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Future prospects of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 176-178  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recent changes in tourism and recreation have been driven by socio-demographic shifts, increases in disposable time and incomes, technological changes, transport developments, and emerging systems of policy and governance (Williams & Shaw 2009). In addition, population growth, urbanization and decreasing environmental quality have been identified as megatrends in tourism, recreation and leisure (Gartner & Lime 2000). The aim of this study was to identify societal driving forces and trends ofoutdoor recreation,and to capture the insights and understandingof alternative futures among the actors working in research and practice in the field of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 3914  
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Author (up) Neuvonen, M.; Sievanen, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreation monitoring: experiences of responding in web survey and prospects for future Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 258-259  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This presentation will describe some recent experiences of monitoring outdoor recreation in LVVI2 and NatureMove-projects and discusses of the advantages and challenges of new type of data collection. Sharig experiences of the challenges in monitoring helps to improve and to harmonize monitoring in European wide context.  
  Call Number Serial 4125  
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Author (up) Newman, P.; Miller, Z.; Levanhagen, M.; Francis, C.D.; Petrelli, A.; Abbot, L.; Shr, Y-H; Taff, B.; White, C.; Fristrup, K.; Monz, C.; McClure, C.; Barber, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Sounds as an element of human-coupled systems: Social-Ecological Evidence from Muir Woods National Monument Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 375-377  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Sounds have a profound impact on both social and ecological components of the environment (Francis et al., 2017). Although many studies have studied the social and ecological soundscape components independently (Francis et al., 2017), no research has examined the coupled social-ecological impacts of natural sounds. In this presentation we discuss findings from Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO) in California, USA, that shows how both social and ecological components of the soundscape influence and are influenced by each other in a dynamic and synergistic human-natural coupled system.  
  Call Number Serial 4166  
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Author (up) Nodilo, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature Protection in the Service of the Visitors who visit National Park Mljet Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 444-451  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt.National park «Mljet» is proclaimed in 1960., for sake of wooded areas and two picturesque sea lakes. Located on the one third of the western part of the island Mljet, it takes up the region of 3000 hectares. The region is wooded and systematic protection of nature has been realised there. Every jear visitors arrive at this area and we make efforts to give them pleas-ant and substantial stay. So boards with educational matter have been placed in the Nacional park. The notices educate visitors about characteristics of lakes, the protected sea parts, archeological locality, possibility of sightseeing … Signs, texts and maps with description of ecological paths are installed to give better information about the Park. Ther are the ecological round path Fontana – Vrbovica, cca 4000 m long, the ecological path to belvedere V. Sladin Gradac and the ecological path Pomena – Soline. Apart from improvement of educational subjects, we work permanently on preventive protection against forest fire, cleaning rubbish and protecting entire region from dirt.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 558 Serial 2342  
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Author (up) Nogueira Mendes, R.; Perreira da Silva, C. pdf  url
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  Title Looking back at recreational activities in protected areas using VGI from web-share services Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 138-140  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore if datasets from web-share services collected today can also reflect past changes in trails’ use within R&PA providing a new added value to these data sources – the ability to look back in time  
  Call Number Serial 4083  
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Author (up) Nogueira Mendes, R.M., da Silva, C.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Organized mountain biking events within peri-urban protected areas. How many are too many? Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 120-122  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities within Protected Areas (PA) are growing in use intensity and diversity with special emphasis in does close to metropolitan areas. This fact is related not only by the increasing numbers of practitioners but also due to modern life-styles were out-doors activities are, among others, almost synonymous of healthy lifestyles. In this paper we discuss some of the aspects that could be take into account in order to deal with such events, with special emphasis on extra use intensity that this races can represent taking as an example the development of an organized MTB event that involved 750 participants and over 150 staff members.  
  Call Number Serial 3897  
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Author (up) Norman, P., Pickering. C. pdf  url
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  Title Using volunteered geographic information to assess the visitor use of parks Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 141-143  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This type of volunteered geographic information (VGI) is starting to be used by researchers and managers to assess visitor use of parks (Senaratne et al., 2017). But which websites, what sort of information is available and what are the limitations of this type of data? We conducted three research projects to determine: (1) what types of VGI is available for different parks, (2) how does route data vary among websites, (3) how useful is this VGI for assessing visitor use across and within parks, and (4) how accurate is this data compared to trail counters  
  Call Number Serial 4084  
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Author (up) Oian, H.; Fredman, P.; Sandell, K.; Saeforsdottir, A.D.; Tyrvainen, L.; Sondergeard Jensen, F., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitor influx and sustainable tourism development – paradoxes and dilemnas in the Nordic countries Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 23-25  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Visitors’ experiences of nature attractions are at the core of the tourism industry of the Nordic countries. The main aim with this presentation is to discuss some dilemmas and paradoxes arising from the efforts of finding sustainable solutions to urgent problems caused by the rather sudden influx of tourist and the increasing variety of demands that follows from this  
  Call Number Serial 4045  
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Author (up) Olafsdottir, G. pdf  url
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  Title How the “essence of attraction” provides an important foundation for decisions on sustainable development of nature-based tourism destinations Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 174  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The paper introduces a contribution to destination development and management where the „essence of the attraction“ and “tourism recovery experiences” provide an important foundation for decisions on sustainable development of outdoor recreation sites. The contribution introduced in the context of Hornafjordur municipality as a destination for nature-based tourism at various levels of difficulty and service.  
  Call Number Serial 4095  
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Author (up) Olafsdottir, R.; Soeporsdottir, A.D.; Tverijonaire, E. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Environmental perception of long distance runners in the Icelandic highlands: a comparative study between 2007 and 2018 Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 285-286  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This study aims to investigate environmental issues concerning trail runners in the Laugavegur Ultra Marathon by: i) assessing runners’ perception of environmental and social issues during their run; ii) identifying and examining what environmental values are held by trail runners as a group, and investigating whether these values have changed since 2007.  
  Call Number Serial 4135  
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Author (up) Olafsson, R., Thorhallsdottir, G. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Where do the tourists in Iceland go? Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 348-350  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Tourism remains a seasonal phenomenon and each destination experiences some kind of seasonal imbalance, financial or physical (Bigovic, 2012). Destinations can be affected by different number of peaks in seasonality and it is important to distinguish between the true seasons of the year (Butler, 2001). Knowing the number of visitors is the basic unit for measuring tourism seasonality (Lundtorp, 2001). The importance of knowing how many tourists visit destinations is well known by managers and good and accurate visitor data are valuable for planning and managing the destinations (De Cantis et al., 2015). The aim of this work is to measure where the tourists go at different times of the year.The numbers that visit the destinations will be compared with the number of tourists departing from Keflavik International Airport. Iceland is a unique destination in that Iceland is an island with practically only one access point, Keflavik International Airport (KEF), where 97% of the visitors pass through so tourist visiting the country can be quite accurately counted. The airport is in the capital area 45 minutes from the centre of Reykjavik.  
  Call Number Serial 3969  
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Author (up) Ota, H.; Kasama, S.; Mastuda, Y.; Iwata; K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Issues on Footpaths Linking Attractive Public Open Spaces in Hokkaido: from the Perspectives of Recreational Use of the Countryside Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 102-104  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract To clarify actual situations of footpaths running through public open spaces in Hokkaido and problems concerning creation, management and maintenance of footpaths, this study examined reference materials of footpaths in Hokkaido and carried out their field research, hearing survey to their operators, and questionnaire survey to footpath users.  
  Call Number Serial 4071  
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Author (up) Pekny, R.; Leditznig, C., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitor Management in the Wilderness Area Dürrenstein, Lower Austrian Kalkalpen Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 84-88  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract With its approx. 2.400 ha, the wilderness area Dürrenstein lies in the south-western part of Lower Austria in the northern Kalkalpen. The primary objective of this protected area, which is aiming at being recognised as Category I of the IUCN guidelines (Eastern part: Ia – strict nature reserve and Western part: Ib – wilderness area), is the sustainable protection of this region. However, as according to the said guidelines, human disturbance in the wilderness area must be minimised, yet educational opportunities (for Ia) and the well-being of visitors (for Ib) are part of the criteria for the mentioned categories, there could be potential conflicts between nature protection objectives and the activities resulting from an educational and recreational obligation (visitor management and guidance). As part of the LIFE project carried out for the establishment of the wilderness area, visitor surveys were made. They showed that the area around the Dürrenstein was mostly a regional recreation area. The number of visitors has remained widely the same in the last 50 years despite slight fluctuations. An increase in the level of popularity of the protected area, following the Category I recognition, could alter the situation. A possible consequence of a larger number of visitors would be the effect on habitats i.e. a disturbance of the wild animals living in the wilderness area. In particular hoofed game, red deer, deer and chamois but also rare birds such as capercaillie or black grouse could be affected. The result of increased disturbance is species extinction or in the case of hoofed game (forest)ecological damage, which cannot be tolerated in such a small wilderness area. In order to counteract the negative effects of a positive visitor development in the wilderness area, appropriate standards must be set for visitor management. For this, measures for visitor guidance should not only be applied inside the wilderness area, but also partly in its forefield. Only thus may the demands of nature protection on an effective visitor management be met. Therefore, basic – from the point of view of the protected area management, very moderate – principles were fixed for the wilderness area itself: • Visitor information on the protection objective • Monitoring of the development of the recreational use • Gentle guidance instead of orders (marked trails) • Discussion of arising utilisation conflicts with all parties concerned.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 438 Serial 2282  
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Author (up) Percy, M., Paczkowski, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring Human Use around Wildlife Movement Corridors in the Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 179-181  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Canadian Rocky Mountains are home to a diversity of large, terrestrial mammals including carnivores (wolf (Canis lupus), cougar (Felis concolor), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Ursus americanus), lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and wolverine (Gulo gulo)), and herbivores (elk (Cervus elaphus), deer (Odocoileus sp.), moose (Alces alces), bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)). As human use of the Rocky Mountain landscape increases in both space and intensity, the effects of natural topographic fragmentation are exacerbated by human infrastructure, compromising wildlife movement and habitat use. While formal protection of these landscapes may exclude industrial disturbance, impacts from recreation and related infrastructure (trails, campgrounds, picnic sites, day-use facilities) may still represent a significant challenge to wildlife, particularly more wary species.  
  Call Number Serial 3915  
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Author (up) Peric, B.; Sturm, S.; Cerkvenik, R.; Scuka, S.; Gabrovsek, F.; Sebela, S.; Mulec, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Managing visitor impacts on World Heritage Site Skocjan Caves, Slovenia Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 479-480  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Skocjan Caves is an exceptional natural site on a global scale, which is also used for tourism purposes. A balance between the two can only be provided by good knowledge of the natural characteristics of the cave and by specifying the permissible level of anthropogenic load. Our original interdisciplinary problem-solving approach can potentially influence the addressing of similar issues on a global scale.  
  Call Number Serial 4201  
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Author (up) Peric, M., Krsmanovic, Z.M., Markovic, S., Krsmanovic, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Protected Areas in the Function of Tourism Improvement in Western Serbia Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 77-78  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The basic condition for tourism development is healthy and unpolluted environment with its natural and cultural values. Opportunities for tourism development in a certain area are more favorable in conditions when environment is better preserved and more attractive. On the other hand, there are polluted, degraded and devastated landscapes that cannot be returned to primarily state. In recent years, in many developed countries across the Europe, the great attention has been devoted to sustainable development of tourism and the preservation of the environment at the same time. It is assumed that integration of protected areas and their role in the tourism offer of Western Serbia will be improved on the basis of examples, experiences and knowledge of developed countries. The concept of sustainable development implies a balanced economic, social and cultural development without compromising the environment. So, it can be concluded that sustainable tourism has a long-term benefits and effects.  
  Call Number Serial 3883  
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Author (up) Perrin-Malterre, C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Collaborative management methods for outdoor sports in the Vanoise National Park Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 85-86  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The Vanoise National Park (PNV) was created in 1963. Following a new law in 2006, a territorial project, the charter, was drafted and then approved in 2015. In this paper we assess the consultation process implemented by the PNV including focusing on the environmental management of outdoor sports and of free flight.  
  Call Number Serial 4064  
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Author (up) Perrin-Malterre, C., Chanteloup, L., Gruas, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Perceptions and behavior of winter sports participants in Regional Natural Park of Bauges Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 300-302  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The development of ski touring and snow shoeing has led to an increasing human presence in mountains in wintertime. Wintertime is a difficult time for wildlife, due to rough weather conditions that cause animalsdifficulty to move and higher energy expenditure at a time where food is scarce.Yet, territory managers have very few data concerning the perception of wildlife by visitors. In addition, their impact (extensive travelling, displacement of feeding and resting areas)on wildlife is difficult to quantify. A research program has been led on the Bauges mountain range in order to deal with these issues. As local managers became interested in the impact of winter recreational activities, the Regional Natural Park got involved in the campaign « Respect to Protect » to promote a more respectful visitor behaviour.Thus, a partnership was set up with EDYTEM lab in order to get a better understanding about these visitors, their types of practice and their perceptions. .  
  Call Number Serial 3953  
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Author (up) Pesout, P., Soltysova, L., Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature Houses in the Czech Republic Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 214-215  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Conservation of nature and landscape is not possible without support of wide public. Most of large protected areas in the Czech Republic are traditional tourism destinations and are hugely visited. Oversize and just a little regulated tourism causes some negative impacts. Reduction of such impacts is managed through construction of high-quality and targeted visitor infrastructure and services leading to regulation of visitation and building positive relationships between nature conservation and visitors. Construction, running and care of visitor infrastructure and work with visitors directly in the field are ones of the most important ways of public relations (PEŠOUT, ŠULOVÁ & LICEK, 2014). The Nature House programme becomes the most demanding and key part of the visitor infrastructure system. Visitor centres (Nature Houses) and information centres in protected landscape areas are being constructed within the programme. The programme started in 2006 and since then it was designed on principles of PPP projects (Public Private Partnership). It is a partnership programme realised always in co-operation with municipalities, businessmen, NGOs, land owners and other regional stakeholders.  
  Call Number Serial 3926  
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Author (up) Petrova, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Problems of Recreational Use of the World Natural Heritage Territories (Ubsunur Hollow Example) Type
  Year 2002 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 1 - Proceedings Issue Pages 397-401  
  Keywords MMV1  
  Abstract Six Russian territories are included already into UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. Several more territories have to be included into the List in the near future. The Ubsunuur Hollow that is situated in the very center of Asia on a border between Russian Republic of Tyva and Mongolia will be among them. This place is probably the only one in the world where almost all the Earth nature zones (including the northernmost deserts and southernmost tundra) are met on a relatively small by size territory. Besides one can meet here the unique historical monuments – numerous burial-mounds and stone steles from 2–1 Millenniums B.C. The traditional nomad stockbreeding as well as ecological tourism can develop on this territory as main types of nature use. The tourists could visit the Reserve cluster plots where they could acquaint themselves with the popular traditions and enjoy the nature. Unlike the homelike European regions the nature of the Ubsunuur Hollow has been preserved for the present in practically untouched condition. The remoteness and hard accessibility of this territory don’t contribute to the mass tourist flows attraction. In the future it is planned to organize here the recreational use by small tourist groups that will observe the strict rules of behavior. Large hotels and other massive constructions of the tourist infrastructure won’t be built here. The tourists will move mainly by horses or by feet using the existing roads and paths and will live in tents and yurts. The definite flow of the financial sources will be possible together with the pure educational effect.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 536 Serial 2331  
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Author (up) Pettengil, P.; Sharp, R.; Reigner, N.; Manning, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Assessing and managing trail use and endurance activities in Grand Canyon National Park, USA Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 294  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Recent research at Grand Canyon National Park demonstrates that participation in endurance activities, including trail running, tends to be concentrated over a few weekends of the year (Pettengill 2017). When visitor use is concentrated like this, it can create or exacerbate impacts with potentially dramatic and lasting consequences. Impacts can be environmental (e.g., erosion, vegetation damage, contamination from human waste), social (e.g., crowding, conflict, degraded experiences), and administrative (e.g., exhausted employees, overtaxed facilities).  
  Call Number Serial 4139  
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Author (up) Peuziat, I.; Le Berre, I.; Minelli, A.; Le Corre, N. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Recreational boating and visitors observations in MPAs: methodological approach and challenges Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 463-466  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The presentation aims (i) to present the main methods implemented for the spatial and dynamic analysis of water-based frequentation in marine protected areas in France, (ii) to share this experience in a critical way in order to improve the methods that allow for a more comprehensive assessment of nautical activities.  
  Call Number Serial 4196  
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Author (up) Pickering, C., Barros, A., Dario Rossi, S., Hernando, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title What have we learned in the past 12 years about Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas? Current knowledge and future research directions. Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 183-186  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Visitation to recreational and protected areas continues to increase and diversify. This creates both challenges and opportunities for those who engage in these activities and for those who managethe destinations. With increased visitation there can be increasing environmental impacts and potential for social conflict unless appropriately managed. Recognizing the importance of these issues a group of scholars came together in 2002 to provide opportunities for academics and practitioners to exchange information by running multidisciplinary conferences every two years on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in recreational and protected areas (MMV conferences). The first conference was in Vienna, Austria in2002 Vienna, with subsequent conferences in Rovaniemi, Finland in 2004, Rapperswil, Switzerland in 2006, Montecatini Terme, Italy in 2008, Wageningen, The Netherlands in 2010, Stockholm, Sweden in 2012,Tallinn, Estonia in 2014, and here in Novid Sad, Serbia in 2016 (Figure 1).  
  Call Number Serial 3917  
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Author (up) Pickering, C., Leung, Y-F. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title What’s the latest research on mountain biking in protected areas?: Results from the special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 168-169  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Public use of protected areas is changing, with declines in activities such as horse riding and hunting in some locations, while others such as mountain bike riding are increasing. Mountain biking riding is popular now in a wide range of protected areas from urban parks to wilderness areas and in many countries. Such popularity energizes the discourse about how mountain biking can contribute to protected area objectives, and at what cost. There is also an increasing focus on research on social and environmental aspects of mountain biking. This interest was reflected in numerous talks on the challenges of managing and monitoring mountain biking at MMV7 (Reimann et al. 2014). Inspired by this emphasis, a special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism was set aside to showcase the latest research on mountain biking (Pickering and Leung, 2016).  
  Call Number Serial 3911  
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Author (up) Pickering, C.; Chabau-Gibson, M.; Raneng, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using Flickr images to assess how visitors value and use natural areas: lessons from a popular natural area on the Gold Coast, Australia Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 68-69  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract To evaluate the benefits and limitations of using Flickr images to assess visitor use and sociocultural values we are conducting research in a range of popular natural areas. This includes the Spit, an area of beaches, dunes and forest separating the ocean from a major estuary, in the rapidly growing urban city of the Gold Coast, Australia  
  Call Number Serial 4058  
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Author (up) Pietila, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Exploring environment-experience relations in Oulanka National Park using participatory mapping Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 308-310  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Managing recreational use in conservation areas targets the outcomes of outdoor recreation.A worldwide aim of conservation area managersis to enhance the benefits of outdoor recreation while preventing or mitigatingitsnegative impacts (Driver, 2008). Managers are, however, not able to create these outcomes on behalf of visitors. They can only provide opportunities –environments and activities–that will encourage desired outcomes and improve visitors’ experiences. Therefore, we need to understand how conservation area visitorsperceive and interact withthe settingsthey encounter. Geographically accurate information on recreational outcomes aids this understanding and helps managers focus on specific areas of concern. This study uses novel spatial techniques to more accurately measure and analyze visitor experiences. Field research was conducted in Oulanka National Park (NP) and its surrounding areas. Oulanka NP is located in northeastern Finland near the Russian border and the Arctic Circle. It is the fourth most visited national park in Finland with approximately 200,000 annual visits. The park allows numerous outdoor activities, including: hiking, canoeing, skiing, fishing and wildlife viewing. Despite the park’s pristine landscape, recreation infrastructure in Oulanka NP is well developed.  
  Call Number Serial 3956  
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