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	Author	Kaprova, K.; Melichar, J.; Kohlovd, M.
	Title	A synthesis of recreation values of European forested areas and implications for national benefit transfers			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	262-263
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Our results demonstrate that the outcomes of primary studies focusing on estimation of recreation demand and values associated with non-urban forests vary significantly across Europe. We successfully disentangle the effects of methodological and study site variables on the recreation value. However, in accordance with the previous works, the direct measurement of the effect of proxies for recreationists´ preferences or cultural differences across studies and countries is not straightforward, because the data available are very limited.
	Call Number				Serial	4127
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	Author	Kaprova, K., Melichar, J.
	Title	Modelling the recreation demand for natural areas in the Czech Republic			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	96-98
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The contribution aims at modelling of recreation demand for large natural areas in the Czech Republic using a discrete choice model based on McFadden´s random utility framework. Our application encompasses 27 recreation areas, including national parks and large protected landscape areas. The main interest of the analysis is to determine which environmental attributes of recreation sites (such as land cover, type or structure of vegetation or forest type) drive the demand for outdoor recreation, employing the recreation demand model, it is further possible to disentangle the implicit recreation value that visitors associate with particular sites and particular environmental characteristics of the area.
	Call Number				Serial	3889
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	Author	Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Tarvainen, O., Nikula, A., Nivala, V., Tyrvainen, L., Tuulentie, S., Huhta, E., Jakalaniemi, A.
	Title	A novel GIS –based approach to reconcile the needs for nature conservation, tourism and recreation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	267-269
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract
	Call Number				Serial	3942
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	Author	Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Juutinen, A
	Title	Nature-based tourism, protected areas and mining in Finnish Lapland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	375-376
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Tourism is growing industry and an important livelihood in northern Finland (Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). Simultaneously, nature has an essential role in tourism.Many tourism resorts are located very close to protected areas and tourism in protected areas play an important role in the local economy (Huhtala 2007, Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). While tourism has increased, the role of traditional livelihoods, like forestry and agriculture has decreased (Saarinen 2003, 2005). Simultaneously with tourism growth the metal mining industry and mineral exploration activities have increased notably in Finland(Kivinen et al. 2014). Although the growing mining industryhas potential to bring positive socio-economicdevelopment in northern peripheral areas, the ungovernable growth of mining may adversely affect tourism and nature protection, and have raised some concerns among local people. As competing land use interests related to mining, tourism, forestry and environmental protection are likely to increase in the future,there is a need for tools for reconciling different land use needs.Our aim is to develop a new GIS-basedapproach that simultaneously considers ecological, social and economic values. Method can be used in classifying sites by their suitability for different land uses and locating areas with possibly conflicting land uses.
	Call Number				Serial	3978
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	Author	Kan, E., Oljaboy, S., Inna, R., Jens, W., Rustam, M.
	Title	A New Concept for Sustainable Natural Resources Management in Uzbekistan: The Case of the Lower Amudaryastate Biosphere Reserve			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	64-65
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Project “Ecosystem based land and forest management of the tugai habitats of Amudarya river for improving livelihood of local communities and as adaptation strategy to climate change (Uzbekistan/Turkmenistan)” financed by the German Federal Ministry of Development and Economic Cooperation (BMZ) is implemented between 2015 and 2017 by NGO KRASSin Uzbekistan and research institute under the Ministry of Nature Protection in Turkmenistan in partnership with the Michael Succow Foundation for the Protection of Nature(Germany). The project addresses a sustainable, climate- and site-adapted management of natural resources in the Amudarya River, thereby improving the livelihood of the people in the target region and the environmental capacity of the floodplain natural space.
	Call Number				Serial	3879
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	Author	Kalenjuk, B., Timotic, D., Tesanovic, D., Gagic, S., Banjac, M.
	Title	Analysis of the state and offer of the hospitality facilities in special nature reserves in Vojvodina			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	498-500
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Special Nature Reserves (abbreviated – SNR) are the most valuable protected areas, in which nature is unchanged or slightly changed. These include the habitats of endangered and rare species of wild plants, animals and fungi, without settlements or with rare settlements where man lives in line with nature. The establishment of the SNR is carried out in order to preserve the existing natural features, gene pool, ecological balance, monitoring of natural phenomena and processes, preservation of traditional way of life (Epler Wood, 2002, Szabados and Kicošev, 2006).
	Call Number				Serial	4016
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	Author	Kajala, L.; Erkkonen, J.,
	Title	Why count visitors? Twenty years of experiences on visitor monitoring in Finlands protected areas			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	50-52
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper presents the Finnish case of visitor monitoring as implemented by Parks & Wildlife Finland (P&WF) in national parks and other protected areas. We give an overview of the entire visitor monitoring process from data collection and storage to using the data in reporting, management and decision making.
	Call Number				Serial	4053
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	Author	Kajala, L., Karoles-Viia, K.
	Title	Long term visitor monitoring in protected and recreational areas – results from Finland and Estonia			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	134-136
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Parks & Wildlife Finland (P&WF) is a unit of Metsahallitus that manages Finland’s national parks and other state-owned protected and recreational areas. Estonian State Management Centre (SFMC) is responsible for managing the Estonian state forests and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in state forests and protected areas. Both agencies have monitored protected and recreational area visitors with similar methodology for more than ten years, P&WF Finland since year 2000 and SFMC since year 2002 (Metsahallitus 2016a, Metsahallitus 2016b, Karoles & Maran 2014). When visitor information is gathered with uniform and systematic visitor monitoring methods across areas and time, it provides invaluable possibilities for comparisons (Hornback & Eagles 1999, Kajala et al. 2007). This paper examines international visitor information, comparing national level visitor monitoring statistics from Estonia and Finland.
	Call Number				Serial	3901
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	Author	Kadijk, H., Bergsma, M.
	Title	The Dutch and German Waddencoast: Similar but different. An entrepreneurial context			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	199-200
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Dutch and German Waddencoast belong to the international Waddensea area, which was assigned the status of World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2009. Cross-border comparison shows both areas have similar natural resources, however show different developments where tourism is concerned. While along the German coast artificial beaches, marinas and campsites are represented, these tourism assets are less matured along the Dutch Waddencoast. Empirical evidence shows that the natural and cultural resources of a destination constitute only a comparative advantage of a tourist area: they are a necessity but not a sufficient condition for being competitive (Cracolici & Nijkamp, 2009). Hence, if these resources do not provide an answer in explaining the difference in tourism development between Germany and the Netherlands, explanations should be sought elsewhere. Moscardo (2014) emphasized on the complex pattern of governments, entrepreneurs and other actors within the process of community development and called for a need to understand the interplay between tourism and other community activities. This research paper focuses on the interplay between tourism entrepreneurs and their environment. The purpose is to understand the difference in tourism development along the Dutch and German Waddencoast by exploring the meanings, feelings and beliefs German and Dutch tourism entrepreneurs attach to their environment.
	Call Number				Serial	3921
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	Author	Kaae, B.C., Olafsson, A.S., Draux, H., Skov-Petersen, H.
	Title	Latent demand and constraints to water-oriented outdoor recreation in Denmark			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	332-334
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Denmark is a small and highly coastal country with 7,300 km of coastlines and over 400 islands as well as many lakes and streams. Consequently, the outdoor recreation patterns are particularly linked to the coastal and marine environments. Based on a national survey, this paper focuses on assessing latent demand and constraints in relation to water-oriented outdoor recreation. The aim of the paper is to analyze latent demand and constraints to participation in water-oriented outdoor recreation among three groups: 1) water-oriented outdoor recreationists, 2) land-oriented outdoor recreationists, and 3) non-recreationists. The study explores the existence of a latent demand even among participants due to constraints reducing their preferred participation.
	Call Number				Serial	3964
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	Author	Kaae, B.; Olafsson, A.S.
	Title	Profiles of water oriented outdoo recreation groups in Denmark			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	204-205
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The paper aims at drawing profiles of the different groups participating in different types of water-oriented outdoor recreation in Denmark in relation to a number of socio-demographic variables.
	Call Number				Serial	4106
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	Author	Juliao, R.P: Humanas, S.E.; Valente, M.; Nogueira Mendes, R.
	Title	Issues on trail runners, trail running and recreational and protected areas in Portugal			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	290-293
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Present paper delivers a tentative picture of TR in Portugal, providing the first systematic research of this recreational activity. A geographical analysis is done to the race events of 2017 and analyzed according to the trail runners profile in order to understand the main motivations and characteristics of this activity. Comprising the practitioners expectations is an important step to support land managers and decision makers to accommodate those within the main objectives of classified and protected areas – nature conservation, local and sustainable development, etc.
	Call Number				Serial	4138
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	Author	Jones, T., Yamamoto, K., Aikoh, T., Kobayashi, A.
	Title	Comparing Climber Monitoring Methods on Mount Fuji			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	242-244
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Monitoring visitation is fundamental to effective management of protected areas, directing limited budgets towards mitigation of high priority impacts, such as those related to trails, trash and congestion. Accurate data is fundamental to negotiate problematic ‘hotspots’ and minimize conflicts between visitor segments (Eagles, 2014). However, although considerable research efforts have been devoted to monitoring visitation, many protected areas still function with inaccurate or out-of-date visitation statistics, exacerbated by a lack of systematic data collection due to various problems (Cope et al., 2000, Cessford & Muhar, 2003, Buckley 2009, Aikoh & Gokita, 2015):- – lack of multi-year time series due to changing count methods and institutional arrangements, – under-reporting due to multiple entrances, multiple access roads or non-tourist traffic, – representativeness of sample days undermined by weather conditions, public holidays, etc, – ‘guesstimates’ based on perceptions of staff or local volunteers, indirect or anecdotal evidence. In the ongoing quest for reliable, cost-effective collection methods, the pros and cons of on-site staff versus automated counters is a perennial question which this paper aims to contextualize using the case study example of two parallel systems currently being utilized on Mount Fuji’s north face.
	Call Number				Serial	3935
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	Author	Jodlowski, M.
	Title	Management strategies for outdoor recreation in Central European high-mountain national parks			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	86-88
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	High-mountain ranges are unique features of the landscape in Poland, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia and Slovenia. They are also one of the main tourism destination in the respective countries. Traditional outdoor activities i.e. mountaineering and alpine skiing are extremely popular there although in the last two decades new forms of outdoor sports and recreation have gain significant importance, e.g. ski-touring, rock climbing, mountain biking and other (see Zinser 1995). There is a broad knowledge of tourism impact on mountain environment in general (e.g. Rixen, Rolando 2013) but various management strategies and regulations are applied in response to this impact (Eagles et al. 2002, Manning, Anderson 2012, Mason 2005).
	Call Number				Serial	3886
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	Author	Jakovic, B., Tubic, D., Baklan, R.
	Title	Touristic events as generators of visitations increase and tourism sustainability of Nature parks			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	117-119
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Increased demand and interest in outdoor recreation is an ideal opportunity for tourism development in protected areas, but also and challenge for park management to attract more visitors, meettheir needs andexpectations. Satisfying the needs as well and the expectations of the visitors, mostly lead to achieving a higher level of touristic experience which brings multiple benefits for the visited protected areas, such as increased spending, longer stay, return, recommendation etc.Seeing that the revenues from traditional government sources decreasing, tourism provides a vital source of revenues for park agencies. It also provides a key means for protected area agencies to realize their objectives relating to visitor appreciation and enjoyment (Bushell, Eagles, 2006). Anyway, the tourism development in protected areas brings not only benefits, but also the expenses, from the ecological, economical and sociocultural point of view.Ensuring that tourism contributes to the sustainable management of protected areas, it will require enhanced cooperation and partnerships among the tourism industry, governments at all levels, local communities, protected area managers and planners (Eagles et al., 2002).
	Call Number				Serial	3896
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	Author	Jackson, S.; Haider, W.; Elliot, T.,
	Title	Resolving Inter-Group Conflict in Winter Recreation: Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, British Columbia			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	109-114
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The Chilkoot Trail National Historic Site, in British Columbia, Canada, is wellknown for its summer historic gold rush hiking route, and is popular in the winter with local residents for skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Park managers implemented a strategy of temporal segregation to mitigate known conflicts between motorised and nonmotorised winter users. This study evaluated the effectiveness of separating users, by monitoring visitor satisfaction and support for the management strategy, and assessing the key differences between user groups within the theory of asymmetrical conflict. The results show that separating users does increase satisfaction for non-motorised users; however, support for controlled access is moderate to low among all users. This study alerts park managers using direct tools such as controlled access, in that dissatisfaction may shift from those who were most affected by the inter-group conflict (non-motorised users) to the motorised group, who are dissatisfied with increased access limitations and loss of freedom.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 446			Serial	2286
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	Author	Ivy, M.I.,
	Title	Video Monitoring Visitors as a Management Tool: Identifying the Issues			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	483-483
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 572			Serial	2348
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	Author	Itami, R.; Raulings, R.; MacLaren, G.; Hirst, K.; Gimblett, R.; Zanon, D.; Chladek, P.,
	Title	RBSim 2: Simulating the Complex Interactions between Human Movement and the Outdoor Recreation Environment			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	191-198
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	This paper describes advancements in recreation management using new technology that couples Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Intelligent Agents to simulate recreation behaviour in real world settings. RBSim 2 (Recreation Behaviour Simulator) is a computer simulation program that enables recreation managers to explore the consequences of change to any one or more variables so that the goal of accommodating increasing visitor use is achieved while maintaining the quality of visitor experience. RBSim provides both a qualitative understanding of management scenarios by the use of map graphics from a GIS as well as a quantitative understanding of management consequences by generating statistics during the simulation. Managers are able to identify points of over crowding, bottlenecks in circulation systems, and conflicts between different user groups. RBSim 2 is a tool designed specifically for the purposes of simulating human recreation behaviour in outdoor environments. The software is designed to allow recreation researchers and managers to simulate any recreation environment where visitors are restricted to movement on a network (roads, trails, rivers, etc.). The software architecture is comprised of the following components: • GIS module to enter travel network, facilities, and elevation data • Agent module to specify tourist personality types, travel modes, and agent rules • Typical Trip planner to specify trips as an aggregation of entry/exit nodes, arrival curves, destinations and agents • Scenario designer to specify combinations of travel networks, and typical trip plans • Statistical module to specify outputs and summarize simulation results. This paper describes the RBSim software architecture with specific reference to the trip planning algorithms used by the recreation agents.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 470			Serial	2298
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	Author	Ishiuchi, T., Kawamoto, Y., Huruie, I.
	Title	Study on Comfort Evaluation using Brain Waves and Questionnaire Survey in Outdoor Spaces			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	326-327
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Modern society can be stressful, and there is growing interest in the creation of comfortable living space. Many studies of urban space have focused on ways of creating relaxing space and comforting environments. For example, green space at highway rest facilities has been found to ease driver stress (Iwasaki et al., 2007). In recent years, devices for measuring biological information that were originally used in the field of medicine have become generally available and are being used in a variety of research fields. Research into the evaluation of urban space is no exception, and many researchers are now using biological information to quantify the effects of spatial recognition on the human body. Examples are the measurement of salivary amylase levels (Nakagawa et al., 2014) and brain waves in moving subjects (Miura et al., 2005). Here, we quantified the difference between the healing effects and stress-reduction effects of green space and general street space (including space at a train station), by a using inexpensive EEG (electroencephalography or “brain wave”) machine. Our aim was to quantitatively verify the healing and stress-reduction effects of these spaces by using EEG measurement and a psychological analysis performed with a questionnaire survey.
	Call Number				Serial	3962
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	Author	Ishiuchi, T.
	Title	A Study of Confort Evaluation using Brain Waves and Questionnaire Survey in Green Spaces CG			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	440-442
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Here we quantified the difference between the healing effect and the stress reduction effect due to the difference in green amount in the CG space using an inexpensive electroencephalogram (electroencephalogram or electroencephalogram) device. Our aim was to quantitatively verify the healing and stress-reduction effects of these spaces by using EEG measurement and a psychological analysis performed with a questionnaire survey.
	Call Number				Serial	4188
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	Author	Ingolfsdottir, A.H.; Gunnarsdottir, G.
	Title	Tourism as a tool for nature conservation ?			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	171-173
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The aim of this research is to explore the tension and conflicting interests between nature conservation, tourism and energy projects in Icelandic wilderness areas. Public discourses about new energy projects will be examined, using critical discourse analysis to tease out dominant ideas and underlying assumptions about the relationship between tourism, nature conservation and energy projects.
	Call Number				Serial	4094
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	Author	Hupka, J., Czachs, C., Hruby, S., Brandenburg, C.
	Title	Gathering information about leisure and recreational activities in an open landscape setting			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	143-145
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	A non-profit organisation, which is responsible for the conservation of a protected area, has commissioned the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna with the collection of data about visitor activities in an area, which is particularly valuable in terms of nature conservation. The data collection should take place within the framework of several master’s theses. Information about visitor numbers as well as the different types and intensities of recreational activities the visitors practice on the semi-aridgrassland had been the main focus of the monitoring. Besides the allowed leisure and recreational activities, also the prohibited practices and behaviours, such as driving on the semi-aridgrassland by bike or walking dogs without a leash, should be captured.
	Call Number				Serial	3904
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	Author	Hunziker, M.; Kleiner, A.; Freuler, B.; Arnberger, A.
	Title	Experimental long term evaluation of measures to reduce bikers-hikers conflicts – an example of an urban forest in Switzerland			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	336-338
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	As a measure to deal with the conflict, the City of Zürich 2005 built a bike trail to keep the bikers on a separate route. In addition, an accompanying information campaign was launched, and the transport of bikes on the train up to the Uetliberg mountain, where the trail starts, was banned. The aim of our study was to evaluate these management measures. To reach this aim, the following research questions had to be answered: 1. How was the acceptance of the management measures (trail, communication, bike-transport ban) taken by the authorities? 2. What was the actual effect (short and long-term) of the management measures regarding resolution of conflicts between hikers and bikers?
	Call Number				Serial	4155
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	Author	Hunziker, M., Hubschmid, E.,
	Title	Experimental Long-Term Evaluation of a Campaign to Reduce Freeriding-Wildlife Conflicts of Snow Sports			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	30-32
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The appearance of outdoor recreation activities has increased significantly all over the world (Manning & Anderson, 2012) as well as in Switzerland (Hunziker et al., 2011). This development can lead to conflicts, in particular between snow-sports participants and native wildlife populations in subalpine areas (e.g. Arlettaz et al., 2007). The Swiss and Austrian campaign “Respektiere deine Grenzen” so far successfully reduced such conflicts by positively influencingthe respective behaviour of people who engage in ski-touring and snow-shoeing by means of information and sensitization (Immoos & Hunziker, 2015). However, it has been known that one group of snow-sports participants can hardly be influenced by such information campaigns, the so-called freeriders: skiers and snowboarders who use the transport facilities of ski resorts but ride down off the ski-runs (e.g. Zeidenitz et al. 2010). Thus, a specific freerider campaign, called “"respect wildlife”", was launched in Switzerland, focussing on this group using its media and language.
	Call Number				Serial	3869
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	Author	Hose, T.A.
	Title	Re Cycling and Geotourism: an adventure approach to appreciating physical landscapes			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	408-411
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Europe’s present-day rich legacy of geological material in museums, universities, archives and libraries – its cultural geoheritage – is a consequence of its citizens’ 400 years of geological inquiry (Hose 2016a). Its recognised geosites and geomorphosites and their associated landforms, rocks, minerals and fossils (or geodiversity) – its natural geoheritage – populate both the historic and modern geological literature (Hose 2016b). The recognition that many of the literatures’ geosites and geomorphosites, and from which the specimens in the collections had been gathered, were lost, degraded or were no longer accessible led, from the mid-20th century, to the development of geoconservation measures to protect what was left (Hose 2008). Further, the recognition geology in general and geoconservation in particular were poorly regarded and understood by the public geologists and others, from the late 20th century, developed geotourism provision (Hose 2011, 2012), latterly with an emphasis on geoparks, indeed, it has been recognised that ‘In today’s economically stretched climate, tourists are a valuable source of local income. The encouragement of the tourist industry to include geodiversity within its remit is therefore high…’ (Burek 2012, 45). Whilst traditionally tourism provision has focussed on mass market provision there has been a growing interest in developing niche tourism (Novelli 2005) which can encompass geotourism (Hose 2005) and adventure tourism (Shephard & Evans 2005).
	Call Number				Serial	3989
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	Author	Hornigold, K., Lake, I., Dolman, P.
	Title	Modelling use of forest recreation routes, an application for woodlark (Lullulaarborea) conservation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	157-160
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	During the 20th century large parts of the UK were afforested to provide a strategictimber reserve (Peterken, 1993, pg. 85). Afforestation of open habitatsreduced the extent of unimproved grasslands, heathlands and wetlands, with consequent declines in associated species. To mitigate these impacts the UK Forestry Standard (Forestry Commission 2011) recommends a minimum 10% open space. In Thetford Forest (18,730 ha)the Forestry Commission is wideningverges along 278 km oftrackway to increaseopen habitat(current extent 7.1%) and createan ‘Open Habitat Network’ (OHN)to enhance habitat and population connectivity for rare and protected species(Armour-Chelu et al. 2014).In the present study we model recreational flow throughout theThetford Forest trackway networkto estimate DEs h-1on all elements of the proposed OHN. From estimatedthresholdsfor woodlark we quantify the number of trackway elements in the OHN unlikely to be colonised and therefore the potential loss of conservation benefit due to recreation. This tool is then used to assess mitigation through access point closure.
	Call Number				Serial	3908
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	Author	Hoglhammer, A., Muhar, A., Stokowski, P., Schauppenlehner, T.
	Title	Perceptions of individuals and organized stakeholders on immigrants’ barriers to nature-based recreation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	311-313
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Nature-based recreational areas provide important functions for today’s society.In particular, for people living in dense urban areas, outdoor nature-based areas offeropportunitiesfor recreation and relaxation and therefore support healthylifestyles, thus contributing to the physical and mental wellbeing of their users. Such spaces are usually open for the general public, though several access barriers have been identified for different user groups. Immigrants from non-western countries are recognized to be underrepresented in larger recreational areas, though often these people are very visible in public parks in cities.This underrepresentation has been recognized by recent scholars (Jay et al., 2012, Kloek, Buijs, Boersema, & Schouten, 2013), and several socio-economic, socio-spatial and ethnic cultural factors have beenidentified asdeterminants.As nature based recreation areas are often financed from public funds, decreasing such access barriers is a matter of social justice.
	Call Number				Serial	3957
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	Author	Hodl, C.
	Title	Geocaching in protected areas – a survey of potential negative effects on the natural environment and implications for future management in the Donau-Auen National Park, Austria			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	252-254
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Geocaching originated in the year 2000 in the USA as a leisure activity, which requires the recreationists to find containers (so-called geocaches) based on their coordinates posted online. Since geocaches are often hidden off-trail in natural environments, protected areas are likely to be affected by this activity (Brost & Quinn 2011). Previous analysis has shown that the Donau-Auen National Park, which is partly located within the boundaries of Austria’s capital city of Vienna and which is under a large amount of public use pressure (Arnberger & Hinterberger 2003, Tazcanowska et al. 2006), is most heavily affected by geocaching amongst all six Austrian national parks – both in terms of the number of caches hidden and in terms of the number of visits logged online (Hodl 2013).
	Call Number				Serial	3938
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	Author	Hodl, C.
	Title	Managing geocaching in a protected area – what action were taken in the Danau-Auen National Park, Austria over the las three years			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	271-273
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The results have shown that, although a large share of caches are located within relatively small distances from the nearest trails, some of them require walking off-trail for longer distances or even climbing trees, which is both not in line with desired visitor behaviour. Also, damages to woody vegetation, mostly caused by nails and wires used to attach geocaches to trees, were found quite frequently (Hödl, 2016). Altogether, these findings strongly suggested the need for appropriate management actions to regulate geocaching within the park.
	Call Number				Serial	4130
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	Author	Hinterberger, B.; Arnberger, A.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	GIS-Supported Network Analysis of Visitor Flows in Recreational Areas			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-32
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The application of GIS tools for visitor monitoring facilitates a profound analysis of visitor flow patterns. Giving a visual impression of the distribution of visitors within an area via maps, interpretation of visitor use data is much easier and better. Furthermore, a GIS also allows to determine and analyse quantitative parameters of visitor use such as trail and visitor density. These parameters can also be used to characterise and compare different areas within a park. With a standardised approach, also comparisons between parks can be realised. Therefore, GIS is increasingly used in the area of visitor monitoring to assist recreation planners and park managers in their everyday work. This paper demonstrates how a GIS-based trail network analysis was used in the framework of a visitor monitoring project in the Danube Flood Plains National Park, Austria.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 418			Serial	2272
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	Author	Highfill, T.; Franks, C.; Georgi, P.; Howells, T.
	Title	Introducung the outdoor recreation satellite account			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	315-317
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), part of the U.S. Department of Commerce, produces official macroeconomic and industry statistics for the U.S. economy. Through a collaborative effort with outdoor recreation economists, industry experts, and multiple government agencies, the BEA recently released the Outdoor Recreation Satellite Account (ORSA), a set of new statistics quantifying the U.S. outdoor recreation economy for 2012-2016. For the first time, the ORSA provides an estimate of the outdoor recreation economys contribution to current dollar gross domestic product (GDP), plus gross output, compensation, and employment by industry statistics.
	Call Number				Serial	4148
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	Author	Hibner, J., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Segmentation of alpine downhill skiers and snowboarders in mountain protected areas based on motivation factors: a comparison between two skiing areas: Kasprowy Wierch area (TPN, Poland) and Skalnaté Pleso area (TANAP, Slovakia).			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	366-368
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Comprehensive knowledge about visitor socio-demographic characteristics, combined with visitor motivations and preferences is necessary for successful visitor management in recreational and protected areas (Cessford & Muhar 2003). Visitor profiles based on motivational factors may support design of targeted tourist offer and communication between the management of protected areas and tourists (Konu & Kajala 2012). The main aim of this study is to segment downhill skiers and snowboarders of two ski resorts located in the Tatra National Parks (TPN in Poland and TANAP in Slovakia) based on visitor motivations.
	Call Number				Serial	3975
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	Author	Hennig, S., Wasserburger, W.W.
	Title	Natural areas for everyone – What infrastructure do people with disabilities require?			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	202-205
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Recreational activities in the outdoors have increased remarkably. Being in nature is ever more popular in society as a whole. This also includes disabled people for whom the positive impact of outdoor recreation on well-being and quality of life is even more important than for not handicapped people. But, what kind of infrastructure is needed by disabled people to allow them accessing natural areas? How should elements be designed to be in line with disabled people’s demands? These questions are investigated in the senTour project.
	Call Number				Serial	3922
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	Author	Helgadottir, G.; Sigurdardottir, I.
	Title	Riding Horses in protected areas – heritage and/or harm ?			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	92-94
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Is a trail a scar on the face of earth? This paper explores these and other positions through the case of horse riding in Icelandic national parks. The attitude and experiences of managers, horse owners, conservationists, other residents as well as domestic and international riders towards horse-tourism, natural and cultural heritage conservation and the different kinds of riding trails were investigated
	Call Number				Serial	4067
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	Author	Hegetschweiler, T., Plum, C., Brandli, U.-B., Fischer, C., Ginzler, C., Hunziker, M.
	Title	Physical and social aspects of forest recreation – approaches to a comprehensive monitoring			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	124-125
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Forest monitoring normally either focuses on physical aspects such as tree species, stand structure, vegetation cover, etc. or on social aspects, namely forest recreation and the relationship of people with the forest. However, especially regarding forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest in which recreation takes place as well as the social aspects such as visitor preferences and behaviour play an important role. A clearer understanding of the interactions of society and forest and in particular better knowledge of the interrelation of physical forest characteristics and forest recreation would allow better managing of the forest with regard to societal needs. Physical forest characteristics are often assessed by forest inventories, for which data is normally collected from sample plots on a systematic grid across the country (Tomppo et al., 2010). In order to assess the social dimension of forest recreation, nationwide surveys are conducted in several countries on a regular basis to provide valuable information about the relationship of the population with the forest, usage patterns, motivations for forest recreation, etc. (Sievanen et al., 2008). However, there is no spatially explicit link to the physical forest, or forest characteristics are dealt with in a minor way, e.g. by using photographs without underlying physical forest data. The question arises whether National Forest Inventories (NFIs) and socio-cultural forest monitoring (usually nationwide questionnaire surveys) could be combined to explain and possibly even predict forest recreation patterns from forest-related and visitor-related data.
	Call Number				Serial	3898
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	Author	Hay, G.,
	Title	Reconciling outdoor sport, biodiversity and wood production in a peri-urban forest – using the example of Fontainebleau Forest			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	20-22
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Fontainebleau Forest is a French peri-urban forest historically regarded as a local outdoor facility for an increasing number of outdoor sports users. Considering most of these outdoor sports have direct and indirect impacts on the area, where a series of complex rules apply, the ONF has endeavoured to create new policy instruments to target more and more autonomous users. In a context where public funding is constrained, it is also time to ask whether the outdoor sports industry needs to take these questions more seriously
	Call Number				Serial	4044
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	Author	Haukeland, J.V.; Stokke, K.B.
	Title	The participation of tourism and outdoor recreation interests in coastal national park management in Norway – a lack of integration			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	211-213
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The paper addresses the participation of outdoor recreation and tourism stakeholders in the management of two Norwegian coastal national parks. By means of individual interviews, we aim to reveal stakeholders’ roles and functions in the management systems of Ytre Hvaler and Færder national parks.
	Call Number				Serial	4109
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	Author	Haukeland, J.V., Dybedal, P.,
	Title	Visitor Monitoring in a World Heritage Area – The West Norwegian Fjordsnærøyfjorden and Geirangerfjorden			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	33-35
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The two West Norwegian Fjords,Nærøyfjordenand Geirangerfjorden, were registered on the World Heritage List in 2005. TheWorld Heritage Areascomprise narrow, deep and long fjords with steep sided rock walls that are consideredarchetypical parts of the world’s fjord landscapes. Numerous waterfalls and free-flowing rivers run across forests on their way to the sea. Thefjordsrepresentunique geological values and offer anoutstanding natural beauty. Nærøyfjorden and Geirangerfjorden also include small communities as well as reminisces of shut down tiny dairy farms supplementing cultural and aesthetical values to the natural fjord landscape. Moreover, the world heritage areas also include protected landscapes and natural reserves according to the Norwegian Nature Diversity Act.
	Call Number				Serial	3870
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	Author	Haraldseid, T.,
	Title	Community entrepreneurship and collective orientation at the intersection of place-making and nature-based tourism			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	33-35
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper addresses the need for integrated perspectives on nature-based tourism and place-making through the lens of community entrepreneurship. The study is part of the research project BIOTOUR (from place-based natural resources to value added experiences, tourism in the new bio economy), funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The case area is the arctic town of Vardø in the Varanger region in Norway
	Call Number				Serial	4048
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	Author	Haider, W.,
	Title	Stated Preference & Choice Models – A Versatile Alternative to Traditional Recreation Research			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	115-121
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	In outdoor recreation research and visitor management applications, stated preference and choice methods have not enjoyed the same amount of popularity when compared to other directions of applied research. This is somewhat surprising considering the fact that decisions that managers of protected areas and outdoor recreation in general face are typically multiattribute in nature and require an understanding of the trade-offs that decision-makers of clients are willing to make. This paper provides an overview to stated choice research by explaining the essential considerations during the design and analysis of this approach. The various stages will be explained on hand of a simple example. Then the versatility of the approach will be demonstrated by discussing research design options in more detail.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 448			Serial	2287
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