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Author Jones, T., Yamamoto, K., Aikoh, T., Kobayashi, A. pdf  url
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  Title Comparing Climber Monitoring Methods on Mount Fuji Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 242-244  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Monitoring visitation is fundamental to effective management of protected areas, directing limited budgets towards mitigation of high priority impacts, such as those related to trails, trash and congestion. Accurate data is fundamental to negotiate problematic ‘hotspots’ and minimize conflicts between visitor segments (Eagles, 2014). However, although considerable research efforts have been devoted to monitoring visitation, many protected areas still function with inaccurate or out-of-date visitation statistics, exacerbated by a lack of systematic data collection due to various problems (Cope et al., 2000, Cessford & Muhar, 2003, Buckley 2009, Aikoh & Gokita, 2015):- – lack of multi-year time series due to changing count methods and institutional arrangements, – under-reporting due to multiple entrances, multiple access roads or non-tourist traffic, – representativeness of sample days undermined by weather conditions, public holidays, etc, – ‘guesstimates’ based on perceptions of staff or local volunteers, indirect or anecdotal evidence. In the ongoing quest for reliable, cost-effective collection methods, the pros and cons of on-site staff versus automated counters is a perennial question which this paper aims to contextualize using the case study example of two parallel systems currently being utilized on Mount Fuji’s north face.  
  Call Number Serial 3935  
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Author Chekalina, T., Fuchs, M. pdf  url
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  Title Mobile Apps as nature based tourism experience facilitators: A conceptual approach Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 243-245  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The primary focus of the paper is on the value-creation potential of both content and the various elements of mobile apps functionalities. We argue that mobile applications show the capacity to enhance major aspects of the NBT experience, such as emotional, social and epistemic value, as well as excellence, efficiency and safety (Chekalina, Fuchs, and Lexhagen, 2018).  
  Call Number Serial 4120  
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Author Burns, R.C., English, D. pdf  url
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  Title Testing the use of wild game cameras for US Forest Service recreational visitor monitoring in Oregon/Washington, USA Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 245-247  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract In 2015 a university research groupbegan developing new methods for data collection using wildlife cameras (game cameras) for short-term (7-day) and long-term (year-round) data collection at pre-selected recreation sites. The pilot study is in support of the US Forest Service (Region 6) National Visitor Use Monitoring Program (NVUM) program. NVUM has been the sole method of understanding visitor use within the US Forest Service since 2000. The USFS NVUM program manager selected 13 sites across Region 6 for the pilot study. Game camera methodology includes 16 short-term data collection sites scheduled for data collection at various times throughout the FY 2016 (four sites per Forest). These are a selection of low use sites and the goal is to continue to collect better quality data, reduce potential safety concerns, and at a reduced financial cost. Long-term data collection involves deploying cameras for year-round data collection.These is a selection of Permanent Traffic Counter sites where other monitoring methods pneumatic and infrared counters) are not appropriate for long-term monitoring due to factors such as geography (e.g. destruction by snow-plows) and limitations of the units (e.g. failure of some infrared counters to register high use counts).For both short-term and long-term sites, cameras can be used to collect valuable data pertaining to trail use (group size, overnight or day use, length of stay, etc.) and vehicle use (vehicles counts entering/exiting the Forest, vehicle type, etc.). Accordingly, we sought to a) Determine appropriate interval settings for cameras based on site type (i.e. necessary frequency of the recording of images to capture use of trails, roads) and b) Gather more information to contribute to the protocol in development for short-term (7-day) and long-term sites.  
  Call Number Serial 3936  
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Author de Souza Pimental, D.; Pinto Meireles, C.; Barcellos, M.; de Oliveira, M.L.; Ramos Costa, S.M., Perdomo Santos, V. pdf  url
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  Title Developement of interpretative trails in Brazilian protected areas Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 246-248  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This paper aims to discuss the cases of interpretative trails’ development experienced in different protected areas, pointing out similarities and particularities of the process from defining the environmental interpretation points to interpretative trails evaluation.  
  Call Number Serial 4121  
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Author Draux, H., Olafsson, A.S., Kaae, B.C., Skov-Petersen, H. pdf  url
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  Title Online participatory GIS mapping of marine recreation in Denmark: contrasting crowdsourced and representative survey approaches Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 248-251  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The lack of spatial information is a challenge to create a balanced and coherent planning and management of the sea, as framed in marine conservation planning andMarine Spatial Planning, MSP (Douvere & Ehler, 2009, Mazor et al 2014). The limited availability and quality of data on recreational marine uses is as an obstacle for implementing EU policy (EEA 2015).Innovative ways for documenting and mapping the missing ‘social landscape’ of the marine environment in terms of spatial attributes of recreational use are needed (Martin & Hall-Arber 2008). To find out the extent of use of the Danish waters for marine recreation activities, our research aimed to collect the spatial extent, diversity, and intensityof these activities.Here, we discuss the quality of the data collected through two sampling strategies: an online crowdsourcedsurvey and a commercial representative panel survey.  
  Call Number Serial 3937  
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Author Woodward, D.; Galymzhan, A.; Gaziz, A.; Erbol, D.; Woodward, A. pdf  url
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  Title The effect of interpretation by local guides in burabay aspiring geopark, Kazakhstan Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 249-250  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The study aims to look at the effect of interpretation provided by local guides to visitors in Burabay National Park. The guides were selected and trained among representatives of local community within geopark project. The methods used included questionnaires and in-depth interviews.  
  Call Number Serial 4122  
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Author Hodl, C. pdf  url
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  Title Geocaching in protected areas – a survey of potential negative effects on the natural environment and implications for future management in the Donau-Auen National Park, Austria Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 252-254  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Geocaching originated in the year 2000 in the USA as a leisure activity, which requires the recreationists to find containers (so-called geocaches) based on their coordinates posted online. Since geocaches are often hidden off-trail in natural environments, protected areas are likely to be affected by this activity (Brost & Quinn 2011). Previous analysis has shown that the Donau-Auen National Park, which is partly located within the boundaries of Austria’s capital city of Vienna and which is under a large amount of public use pressure (Arnberger & Hinterberger 2003, Tazcanowska et al. 2006), is most heavily affected by geocaching amongst all six Austrian national parks – both in terms of the number of caches hidden and in terms of the number of visits logged online (Hodl 2013).  
  Call Number Serial 3938  
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Author English, D.K.; Zarnoch, S.J., White, E.M. pdf  url
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  Title Estimating Daily Existing Traiffic from National Forest recreation Sites Using Short-Term Observations Counts Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 252-254  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Our goal was to develop estimates of daily (24-hour) exiting traffic volume using just the 6-hour observational count of exiting traffic and two variables from the interviews. More exactly, our goal was to develop 24-hour estimates from the 6-hour counts that were equivalent to the estimates generated from the current NVUM method. If our work was successful, we could eliminate the data quality issues and costs of the mechanical counters without appreciably changing the resulting estimates of visitation. We present our analytic process and results, and an evaluation of how well the process worked.  
  Call Number Serial 4123  
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Author Kobryn, H.T., Strickland-Munro, J., Brown, G., Moore, S. pdf  url
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  Title Evaluating conflict potential in the marine and coastal areas of the Kimberley region of northern Australia through public participation GIS Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 255-257  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Marine spatial planning (MSP) has been emerging as an approach to plan and maintain a balance between different human uses and conservation goals. Large, remote areas present a number of challenges for conservation managers. The Kimberley region in northern Western Australia extends ten degrees of longitude, eight degrees of latitude, and in our study spanned over 13,300 km of complex coastline. The region is remote, with a low population, and a history of economic development including agriculture, mining, fishing, and more recently oil and gas exploration. It is also renown for its rich Aboriginal culture and heritage, biodiversity and wilderness (Wilson, 2014, Wilson, 2013). Most conservation planning, including MSP, suffers from the lack of social data (St Martin and Hall-Arber, 2014), hence the aim of this study was to evaluate, through the well established method of public participation GIS (e.g. Brown and Pullar, 2012), areas of conflict potential using human values associated with the marine and coastal region of Kimberley.  
  Call Number Serial 3939  
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Author Granet, A.M.; Cordellier, M.; Dobré, M. pdf  url
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  Title Nature based sports in forests areas in France. Results from the 2015 French National Survey “Forests and Society” Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 255-257  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Outdoor physical activities and nature-based sports are an important part of forest recreation. With their increase and diversification, foresters are facing new challenges to manage and sometimes limit these sport practices in forested environments whereas local communities are often interested in their development as part of an eco-touristic economy. In this context, the ONF chose to focus on physical activities and nature-based sports in the 2015 Forest and society national survey. This part of the survey was implemented on a 2000 people sample representing the French population aged 15 and more  
  Call Number Serial 4124  
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Author Neuvonen, M.; Sievanen, T. pdf  url
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  Title Recreation monitoring: experiences of responding in web survey and prospects for future Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 258-259  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This presentation will describe some recent experiences of monitoring outdoor recreation in LVVI2 and NatureMove-projects and discusses of the advantages and challenges of new type of data collection. Sharig experiences of the challenges in monitoring helps to improve and to harmonize monitoring in European wide context.  
  Call Number Serial 4125  
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Author Lupp, G., Brockard, M., Melber, M., Pauleit, S. pdf  url
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  Title Geocaching – A harmless recreational activity of digital natives or a threat for forest conservation? Case studies from Bavaria Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 260-262  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Forest managers in Bavaria often had no idea about this activity until hunters and other stakeholders like nature conservationists complained about persons sneaking around in the forest at unusual times behaving in a strange manner (Kaufer 2014), disturbing wildlife and habitats such as tree cavities. In interviews carried out in urban proximate woodlands (Lupp et al. 2016), about only one out of 300 interviewees indicated geocaching as a reason for their visit to the forest. However, geocachers may not always admit their activity when interviewed because the cache should be hidden from “Muggels”.  
  Call Number Serial 3940  
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Author Pouta, E.; Sievanen, T.; Neuvonene, M. pdf  url
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  Title Accounting for cultural ecosystem services: a case of recreation services in Finland Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 260-261  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract In this study of cultural ecosystem service accounting the aim was to assess nature-based recreation in Finland by applying both physical and monetary measures. This presentation describes the methods and data sets used in analyses of indicators, thoughts of advantages and shortcomings, and identification of the gaps in data and methods. The presentation also discusses the opportunities to use the approach in broader European context.  
  Call Number Serial 4126  
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Author Kaprova, K.; Melichar, J.; Kohlovd, M. pdf  url
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  Title A synthesis of recreation values of European forested areas and implications for national benefit transfers Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 262-263  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Our results demonstrate that the outcomes of primary studies focusing on estimation of recreation demand and values associated with non-urban forests vary significantly across Europe. We successfully disentangle the effects of methodological and study site variables on the recreation value. However, in accordance with the previous works, the direct measurement of the effect of proxies for recreationists´ preferences or cultural differences across studies and countries is not straightforward, because the data available are very limited.  
  Call Number Serial 4127  
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Author Taczanowska, K., Zieba, A., Hibner, J., Makaruk, W., Brandenburg, C., Muhar, A., Latosinska, B., Preisel, H., Gonzalez, L.M., Garcia, X., Toca-Herrera, J.L., Ziobrowski, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Application of GPS-tracking to analyse the spatial behaviour of cable car users – a case study from the summer season in the Tatra National Park, Poland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 263-266  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the spatio-temporal distribution of visitors ina popular cable car destination -KasprowyWierchin the Tatra National Park. The main focus of this paper is the analysis of individual trip itineraries of the most numerous visitor group in the study area – cable car users purchasing return tickets.  
  Call Number Serial 3941  
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Author Schagner, J.P.; Arnberger, A.; Eagles, P.F.J.; Kajala, L.; Leung, Y.F.; Spenceley, A.; Desguinet, M.; Gosal, A.; Signorello, G.; Engelbauer, M.; Bertsky, B.; Engels, B. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitors number for protected and nature areas: a global data sharing initiative Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 264-267  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract To fill the gap on globally available visitor statistics for nature areas, a group of researchers from around the world including the authors of this paper formed an informal research project. The researchers’ disciplinary backgrounds and interests in visitor data differ broadly. While part of the team originates in the domain of visitor monitoring, some focus on the economic impacts of nature tourism (TAPAS group), others concentrate on the modelling and mapping of cultural ecosystem services using earth observations (FAWKES-project) and again others work on nature conservation and how it may benefit from nature tourism (BIOPAMA.org).  
  Call Number Serial 4128  
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Author Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Tarvainen, O., Nikula, A., Nivala, V., Tyrvainen, L., Tuulentie, S., Huhta, E., Jakalaniemi, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A novel GIS –based approach to reconcile the needs for nature conservation, tourism and recreation Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 267-269  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract  
  Call Number Serial 3942  
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Author Burns, R.C. pdf  url
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  Title Use of various of data in decision making: A transportation case study in Seattle, Washington, USA Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 269-270  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Access to outdoor recreation settings can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, including access through transportation methods that enable people to visit recreation areas. This roundtable discussion paper focuses on understanding residents’ preferences for a potential transportation method from a major urban setting (the Seattle-Metro area) to the western, more accessible fringes of the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (MBS), in the US state of Washington. The study involved a series of quantitative studies, focusing on MBS users and non-users.  
  Call Number Serial 4129  
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Author Monteiro, L. pdf  url
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  Title Using GPS data from Web 2.0 platforms to assess informal trail network and its impacts in protected areas Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 270-272  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract VGI represent today a significant form of user-generated content compiling information about locations (e.g. places of interest), a phenomena or information (e.g. GPS tracking of bike and hiking routes), and can be stored into interactive track management services (e.g. Web 2.0 platforms) (Rinner et al., 2008). The present explores the use of GPS-based visitor tracking data organized in a Web 2.0 platform as an alternative resource to assess the spatial distribution of informal trails networks and their level of impacts in protected areas. It has is application in Arrábida Natural Park (PNA), an important protected area in Portugal, located 37 km south of Lisbon, where informal trails are a constant management concern due to a lack of a structured and formal trail system, leading to some impacts and extensive areas of disturbance.  
  Call Number Serial 3943  
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Author Hodl, C. pdf  url
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  Title Managing geocaching in a protected area – what action were taken in the Danau-Auen National Park, Austria over the las three years Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 271-273  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The results have shown that, although a large share of caches are located within relatively small distances from the nearest trails, some of them require walking off-trail for longer distances or even climbing trees, which is both not in line with desired visitor behaviour. Also, damages to woody vegetation, mostly caused by nails and wires used to attach geocaches to trees, were found quite frequently (Hödl, 2016). Altogether, these findings strongly suggested the need for appropriate management actions to regulate geocaching within the park.  
  Call Number Serial 4130  
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Author Walden-Schreiner, C., Leung, Y.-F. pdf  url
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  Title Incorporating the digital footprints of visitors in protected area use and impact monitoring: Case studies from the USA and Australia Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 274-276  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Advances in mobile and internet-based technologies haveencouraged examinations of non-traditional spatial data products and innovative data collection methods for research in a variety of disciplines. User-generated spatial content (UGSC) is increasingly leveraged to help address questions involving human-environment interactions (Sui, Elwood, & Goodchild, 2013). Protected areas (PAs) are an especially relevant context in which to explore the capacity of UGSC given the central role PAs represent in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provisioning, including recreation and tourism. To fulfill management objectives designed to minimize use-related impacts to natural resources, while providing opportunities for visitors, managers require timely and accurate data on not only the extent of different resource impacts, but also the precipitating or contributing factors such as visitor use activities, densities, and distribution (Hammitt, Cole, &Monz, 2015).  
  Call Number Serial 3944  
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Author Klanjscek, J.; Gecek, S.; Sakic, K.; Klanjscek, T. pdf  url
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  Title Quantifying effects of signs on visitor flow in NP Krka Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 274-275  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract To quantify the ensuing effects on visitor movement, data on visitor movement before (2015) and after (2017) sign installation were analyzed. Data were collected using an app written for Android where each visitor (time of passage and direction of movement) was recorded on two locations at Skradinski buk – near the bridge and on the footpath in both years. Measurements were carried out in August during the summer season, when crowding is highest.  
  Call Number Serial 4131  
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Author Moreira, J.C; Burns, R.C.; de Carvalho, G.K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Use of game cameras and interviews to monitor visitors: is there crowding in the Iguaçu National Park – Brazil Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 276-277  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract  The objective of this effort was to collect data with cameras and to verify the satisfaction of the visitor and their crowding perception. The methodology involved interviews with 920 visitors and on-site data collection using a Plotwatcher camera. Camera images were collected each day, between 09h and 19h. Visitors were asked about their perception related with the number of people who were on the park at that time. The interviews took place between December 2017 and January 2018. Photos were also presented with 3 different scenarios to obtain visitors’ perceptions of the number of other visitors in the park. The three options were pictures with few people, with many people and a vast number of other people, so the visitor could answer which photo he preferred.  
  Call Number Serial 4132  
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Author Lupp, G., Forster, B., Naumann, J., Honert, C., Kantelberg, V., Koch, M., Pauleit, S. pdf  url
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  Title Using trigger trail cameras for visitor monitoring – Applications in Bavaria Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 277-279  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The evaluation of visitor management actions is dependent on profound data about visitor flows and visitor numbers (Clivaz et al. 2013). Stakeholders in the Urban Forest 2050 project were interested in more qualitative data to evaluate their visitor management and offers for specific target groups. Managing authorities were interested to get numbers of joggers, Nordic walkers and dog walkers, as well as prams and wheelchairs. Also user numbers of dog walkers and especially off leash dogs was considered important, since they are a source for potential conflicts with both other user groups and cause interference with wildlife. Finally, also the share of the persons reading information boards had to be assessed. A number of visitor counts and monitoring with camera-based systems have been described (e.g. Janowsky & Becker 2003). Rapid technological development has led to a wide availability of trigger trail cameras for wildlife observation at budget prices, so we opted for these cameras to test options and limitations of such cameras for visitor monitoring. Two urban proximate forests in Freising and the southwestern mountain slope of the Grunten Mountain in the southwest of Bavaria were selected as a study area.  
  Call Number Serial 3945  
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Author Chazee, L.; Requier-Desjardins, M. pdf  url
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  Title Elaboration and implementation of a cultural services indicator of impacts in the Mediterranean: a first diagnosis Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 278-280  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to develop on the original results that have been obtained, based on the first review of the available data for OZHM sites: 27 sites that have significantly contributed to this project will therefore be considered in this study. Specifically, 6 sites in the non-EU Balkans countries (Albania, Montenegro, and Serbia), 8 in the Maghreb (Algeria and Tunisia), 4 in the Middle-East (Lebanon and Jordan) and 9 in Europe (France, Slovenia, Croatia) are considered. The needed information is collected mainly from the 27 sites managers and a total of 3986 visitor questionnaires, with an average of 148 visitor questionnaires per site.  
  Call Number Serial 4133  
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Author Miyasaka, T., Oba, A., Akasaka, M., Tsuchiya, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Feasibility of using mobile phone GPS for visitor monitoring in a national park: a case study in Oku-Nikko, Japan Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 280-282  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Global positioning system (GPS) tracking has become a promising method for visitor monitoring in protected areas around the world. High-resolution data, including not only simple patterns of visitor movement but also walking speed and duration of stops, can be collected by distributing GPS receivers to individual visitors. This method, however, also has disadvantages, such as the high cost of distributing a large number of GPS receivers, risk of loss, and constraints on visitor movement for device distribution and collection. Our study focused on using the GPS equipped in many mobile phones today as an alternative tool. The use of mobile phone GPS functions could reduce the noted costs, risks, and constraints, because this method would use visitors’ own devices. Meijles et al. (2014) mentioned that the use of smartphone GPS functions could improve data acquisition, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has yet been published on the use of GPS in mobile phones and smartphones for visitor monitoring in a protected area. Our objective was therefore to test the feasibility of these uses of the technology.  
  Call Number Serial 3946  
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Author Le Guyader, D.; Jannic, N.; Harlay, X. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Counting visitors in Marine Protected Areas and after ? A statistical modelling experiment to estimate the spatial and temporal distributions of recreational coastal activities Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 281-283  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Recently, a three years survey on recreational shore fishing has been conducted in French MPAs during European LIFE project. This survey has been extended to other concomitant recreational activities in the “Parc Naturel Marin des Estuaires Picards et de la Mer d’Opale (PNM EPMO)” (Meirland et al., 2015). This contribution aim to estimate the distribution over time (by season) and space (by counting site) of leisure activities on the PNM EPMO territory using statistical modelling of counting data.  
  Call Number Serial 4134  
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Author Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Methodological questions raised from visitor monitoring in the Czech Republic Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 283-285  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (NCA) manages 25 protected landscape areas and the most of national nature reserves and monuments. Visitor monitoring using modern automated counters began in 2009 and has developed so far into a centrally controlled system. In 2016 there are more than 100 permanently monitored profiles. Data and its evaluation is outsourced, two companies have been successful in the contract competition. Basic methodology is given in contracts, but the companies differ from each other in detail. Similar visitor monitoring is realised in four Czech National Parks as well, know-how is shared between NCA and NP authorities. Adjustment of new contracts rises several methodological questions discussed in the contribution. The aim is to share the best practice and notify scientists about questions to be solved by applied research.  
  Call Number Serial 3947  
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Author Olafsdottir, R.; Soeporsdottir, A.D.; Tverijonaire, E. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Environmental perception of long distance runners in the Icelandic highlands: a comparative study between 2007 and 2018 Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 285-286  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This study aims to investigate environmental issues concerning trail runners in the Laugavegur Ultra Marathon by: i) assessing runners’ perception of environmental and social issues during their run; ii) identifying and examining what environmental values are held by trail runners as a group, and investigating whether these values have changed since 2007.  
  Call Number Serial 4135  
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Author Stastna, P., Pacak, J., Kala, L., Nejedly, O. pdf  url
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  Title First Experience with Automated Counting System in the Krkonose Mts. National Park Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 286-287  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Krkonoše Mts. (Giant Mts.) are situated on the north border of the Czech Republic. Even the mountains are not too high (the highest top called Snezka Mt. isonly 1603 m a. s. l.) the locality forms a first barrier in the south and eastdirectionfrom sea for the prevailing winds.The climate there is therefore very oceanic, characterizedby humid and foggy weather,rich in precipitations. In the winter is the surface of protuberant objects in upper parts is often covered by thick layer of ice because of the humid winds.We have started counting with automated counters at 27 localities since the year 2012. 22 of themhas been situated at the entrances of the most protected area of the national park (the first zone), which is predominantly situated in the upper part of mountains, close or above the tree line.The movement of visitors is regulated there becausethese parts are higly visited. 4 of these counting point has been also combined for counting of cyclists or motor vehicles.  
  Call Number Serial 3948  
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Author Wimpey, J., Reigner, N.; Marion, J.; Meadema, F.; Arredondo, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring and Management of recreationists along long distance National Scenic Trails Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 287  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This session will present a brief overview of the monitoring and assessment data generated from the ongoing studies, discuss implications for management, and focus on a suite of new tools and methods for application of the findings. Discussion will focus on issues, obstacles, and limitations of these new approaches in their current state, while focusing on the potential for broader future use with proper development and strategic deployment.  
  Call Number Serial 4136  
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Author Krzan, P., Krol, M., Zieba, S., Sitarz, M., Zwijacz Kozica, T., Zieba, A., Ziobrowski, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Visitor monitoring in practices. Few examples from the Tatra National Park (Poland) Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 288-289  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Tatra National Park (TNP, south Poland) comprises the entire Polish part of the Tatra Mountains (200 km2), the highest and most western part of the Carpathians. In both polish and national parks, human activities are restricted to especially designated areas, such as hiking and skiing trails or climbing areas. The rest is protected as nature reserves, access to them is allowed only with special permit from the national park administration, however, illegal trespassing is quite common. Particularly in TNP, human influence is really high, with about three million tourists visiting the park every year (data from TNP).  
  Call Number Serial 3949  
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Author Leung Ng, S.; Cheung, S.Y.; Leung, Y.F., Fang, W. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Trail degradation and organized sporting events in Hong Kong Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 288-289  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The findings of this study point to the need for cautious permitting, planning, and management of organized sport events in protected areas with respect to event size (e.g., number of participants), trail routes, environmental conditions, and appropriate actions to contain traffic and assist in recovery. It is recommended that organized sporting events and extreme sports be regulated and trail maintenance is crucially important for keeping the protected areas in good condition.  
  Call Number Serial 4137  
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Author Monteiro, L., Vitek, O. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Developing standard procedures for visitor counters calibration in Czech Protected Landscape Areas Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 290-292  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Monitoring visitor use is critical to protect the protected area resources for future generations and provide high-quality experiences for visitors (Loomis, 2000, Manning, 2008). In the Czech Republic, protected landscape areas (PLAs) are one of core components of the conservation strategy and, as such, visitor data are needed to inform and support sustainable management of these areas. With this effect, automated counting devices have been used since 2009 as means for estimating visitor use and today there are more than 100 automated visitor counters located in 17 protected landscape areas (out of 26 PLAs in total) and other protected areas managed by the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (NCA).  
  Call Number Serial 3950  
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Author Juliao, R.P: Humanas, S.E.; Valente, M.; Nogueira Mendes, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Issues on trail runners, trail running and recreational and protected areas in Portugal Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 290-293  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Present paper delivers a tentative picture of TR in Portugal, providing the first systematic research of this recreational activity. A geographical analysis is done to the race events of 2017 and analyzed according to the trail runners profile in order to understand the main motivations and characteristics of this activity. Comprising the practitioners expectations is an important step to support land managers and decision makers to accommodate those within the main objectives of classified and protected areas – nature conservation, local and sustainable development, etc.  
  Call Number Serial 4138  
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Author Arnason, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Wild thoughts – exploring the meaning(s) of wilderness among Icelandic outdoor recreationists Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 294-296  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Wilderness protection in Iceland dates back to the Nature Conservation Act of 1999 (Johannsdottir, 2016). However, to date no areas in Iceland have been formally protected as wilderness per se, partly because the identification of such areas has so far been very rudimentary. Wilderness areas in Iceland have thus up until now mainly enjoyed protection if present within the boundaries of national parks or other protected areas, in particular withinVatnajokull National Park which covers an area of 13,500 km2,, mostly in the Central Highland. According to the working criteria adopted by government agencies, the largest potential wilderness areas in Iceland are located in the Central Highland, an uninhabited region in the middle of the island which covers roughly 40.000 km2 or 40% of its total land area.  
  Call Number Serial 3951  
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Author Pettengil, P.; Sharp, R.; Reigner, N.; Manning, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Assessing and managing trail use and endurance activities in Grand Canyon National Park, USA Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 294  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Recent research at Grand Canyon National Park demonstrates that participation in endurance activities, including trail running, tends to be concentrated over a few weekends of the year (Pettengill 2017). When visitor use is concentrated like this, it can create or exacerbate impacts with potentially dramatic and lasting consequences. Impacts can be environmental (e.g., erosion, vegetation damage, contamination from human waste), social (e.g., crowding, conflict, degraded experiences), and administrative (e.g., exhausted employees, overtaxed facilities).  
  Call Number Serial 4139  
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Author Bessy, O.; Buron, G. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The development of trail station: an innovation to serve tourist development of territories ? Two examples of Saint Pierre de Chartreuse (Alps) and Ossay-Pyrénées (Pyrénées) stations Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 295  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The challenge of this communication is to shed light on the conditions under which the development of ‘Trail Stations’ can become a territory resource participating in the improvement of tourist appeal of mountain territories. We shall illustrate our point by taking the example of Trail Stations such as St-Pierre en Chartreuse and Ossau-Pyrénées.  
  Call Number Serial 4140  
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Author Probstl-Haider, U., Haider, W., Mostegl, N. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Skiing unlimited? Acceptance of resort extension by skiers in Tyrol/Austria Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 297-299  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Many ski-resorts in the European Alps hope to increase their visibility and attractiveness when expanding their respective resorts by developing new slopes and/or by merging with others. Examples like the Zermatt-Matterhorn-Ski-Paradise in Switzerland, the “Helm-Rotwand” in Sexten Italy, or the Ski-world “Wilder Kaiser” and the “Skicircus Saalbach -Hinterglemm – Leogang – Fieberbrunn” in Austria illustrate this trend. The main motives for the expansion and cooperation are expected marketing opportunities, synergetic management, and a higher overall financial stability (Zegg 2015). Also, climate change adaptation seems to be an argument in favor of increasing resort sizes (Steiger and Abegg 2013). The expansion or merging of ski resorts leads to impacts into the sensitive alpine environment and a permanent disturbance by the new infrastructure. The presented study aims to analyze the perception of the winter tourists and daily skiers concerning these changes and discusses recommendations for future resort development.  
  Call Number Serial 3952  
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Author Dehez, J.; Ginelli. L.; Le Floch, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Involving recreational users in environmental management: invasive aquatic plants in lakes on Frances Atlantic coast Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 297-299  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This presentation is based on an ongoing multidisciplinary research project (AquaVIT), combining scientists from the fields of economics, geography, sociology and ecology. It focuses on the ecological and socio-economic impacts of four macrophytes, i.e. Egeria densa, Lagarasiphon major, Ludwigia, Myriophyllum aquaticum, within freshwater Atlantic lakes in France. The social scientists within the project share two objectives among others: i) describing individuals’ activities and perceptions (in particular those related to the weeds) ii) understanding how recreational users are (or are not) associated into the current management processes.  
  Call Number Serial 4141  
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