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Author Nogueira Mendes, R.M., da Silva, C.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Organized mountain biking events within peri-urban protected areas. How many are too many? Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 120-122  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities within Protected Areas (PA) are growing in use intensity and diversity with special emphasis in does close to metropolitan areas. This fact is related not only by the increasing numbers of practitioners but also due to modern life-styles were out-doors activities are, among others, almost synonymous of healthy lifestyles. In this paper we discuss some of the aspects that could be take into account in order to deal with such events, with special emphasis on extra use intensity that this races can represent taking as an example the development of an organized MTB event that involved 750 participants and over 150 staff members.  
  Call Number Serial 3897  
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Author Pouwels, R.; van Eupen, M.; Walvoort, D.; Jochem, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Predicting visitors densities in protected areas – rules of thumb for managers based on GPS tracks Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 120-123  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The aim of this conference paper is to derive rules of thumb for managers to predict how far visitors will enter the area and where visitor densities are high. We will use statistics to predict what features of the path network and landscape characteristics determine visitor densities in the area. We used a large dataset of GPS tracks from walkers and dog-walkers that has been collected during the PROGRESS research project for monitoring purposes in the New Forest  
  Call Number Serial 4078  
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Author Hegetschweiler, T., Plum, C., Brandli, U.-B., Fischer, C., Ginzler, C., Hunziker, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Physical and social aspects of forest recreation – approaches to a comprehensive monitoring Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 124-125  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Forest monitoring normally either focuses on physical aspects such as tree species, stand structure, vegetation cover, etc. or on social aspects, namely forest recreation and the relationship of people with the forest. However, especially regarding forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest in which recreation takes place as well as the social aspects such as visitor preferences and behaviour play an important role. A clearer understanding of the interactions of society and forest and in particular better knowledge of the interrelation of physical forest characteristics and forest recreation would allow better managing of the forest with regard to societal needs. Physical forest characteristics are often assessed by forest inventories, for which data is normally collected from sample plots on a systematic grid across the country (Tomppo et al., 2010). In order to assess the social dimension of forest recreation, nationwide surveys are conducted in several countries on a regular basis to provide valuable information about the relationship of the population with the forest, usage patterns, motivations for forest recreation, etc. (Sievanen et al., 2008). However, there is no spatially explicit link to the physical forest, or forest characteristics are dealt with in a minor way, e.g. by using photographs without underlying physical forest data. The question arises whether National Forest Inventories (NFIs) and socio-cultural forest monitoring (usually nationwide questionnaire surveys) could be combined to explain and possibly even predict forest recreation patterns from forest-related and visitor-related data.  
  Call Number Serial 3898  
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Author Schallinger, T.; Rolf W.; Rueede, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title GPS-Based Visitor Monitoring in Protected Areas Using Mobile Tracking Application Data – A Case Study in Black Forest National Park Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 124-126  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Today, due to the progress in information and communication technologies and widespread mobile internet use, new, innovative approaches involving secondary crowdsourced volunteered geographic information (VGI) data are emerging . It was thus examined to what extent using online available GPS-tracked routes via mobile applications is applicable and beneficial as an alternative, cost-effective method to provide data for visitor monitoring in PAs.  
  Call Number Serial 4079  
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Author Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 126-129  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.  
  Call Number Serial 3899  
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Author Staab, J.; Taubenbock, H.; Hob, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring Visitor Numbers with computer vision Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 127-129  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Utilizing cameras to count visitors has proven to be accurate, traceable and rich in features (Arnberger et al., 2005). However, extracting data from the imagery manually consumes large resources, limiting the utilization of camera observations to short-term monitoring projects. In this work, we apply and test computer vision to characterize visitors at the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide-Chorin in Germany in an automatic manner.  
  Call Number Serial 4080  
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Author Van den Berg, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Online visitor monitoring in Dutch nature reserves and National Parks Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 130-133  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Netherlands is a delta area and is a haven for a large share of the European habitats. Out of roughly 200 European habitattypes the Netherlands houses almost 50 habitattypes on just a very small part of Europe that is densely populated. Staatsbosbeheer – commissioned by the government – manages a considerable share of all nature reserves and National Parks in the Netherlands. Staatsbosbeheer is promoting outdoor-recreation at as many sites as possible. We had to collect – in a very short time – data regarding our visitors per site. As we are provincial organised the data had to be collected likewise. We wanted to do this for a great number of the most visited sites per province. The collection of the data had to be uniform and without any effort for our local rangers. So we decided to perform online visitor research.The data we wanted to collect should be usuable in ranking our most visited sites and had to increase our knowledge of visitors as well. The key performance indicators we decided to collect regarding each individual nature site were meant to form an objective set of data leading to insights that informs our decision-making.  
  Call Number Serial 3900  
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Author Rupf, R.; Stauble, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring methods of winter backcountry recreation in a wildlife sanctuary Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 131-134  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Wildlife management is an important issue in areas near human settlements and agricultural landscapes, such as the European Alps. In order to objectively assess the impact of backcountry winter routes and to increase acceptance of the results, the transparent recording of parameters such as the number of athletes or their area load is helpful. In this study we tested various different monitoring methods.  
  Call Number Serial 4081  
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Author Kajala, L., Karoles-Viia, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Long term visitor monitoring in protected and recreational areas – results from Finland and Estonia Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 134-136  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Parks & Wildlife Finland (P&WF) is a unit of Metsahallitus that manages Finland’s national parks and other state-owned protected and recreational areas. Estonian State Management Centre (SFMC) is responsible for managing the Estonian state forests and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in state forests and protected areas. Both agencies have monitored protected and recreational area visitors with similar methodology for more than ten years, P&WF Finland since year 2000 and SFMC since year 2002 (Metsahallitus 2016a, Metsahallitus 2016b, Karoles & Maran 2014). When visitor information is gathered with uniform and systematic visitor monitoring methods across areas and time, it provides invaluable possibilities for comparisons (Hornback & Eagles 1999, Kajala et al. 2007). This paper examines international visitor information, comparing national level visitor monitoring statistics from Estonia and Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 3901  
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Author Czegledi, O.; Garcia-Arjona, N.; Paget, E.; Rech, Y.; Gourin, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title The impact of hiking on visitors consumer behavior in the French shores Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 135-137  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The interdisciplinary perspective of the project provides a cross-understanding of coastal pedestrian leisure activities by adopting different, yet interrelated scientific approaches, such as historical, sociological, geographical, legal, political and artistic perspectives. In this context, the present communication focuses on the analysis of hiking’s consequences on the leisure consumer behavior at coastal sites  
  Call Number Serial 4082  
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Author Skriver Hansen, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Introducing visitor produced pictures as a strategy for studying and monitoring visitor experiences in outdoor recreation management Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 137-139  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Visitor monitoring is an invaluable tool and source of information in recreation planning and management (Kajala et al. 2007). Traditionally, monitoring activitiesinvolve investigations on visitor numbers, profiles and spatial behavior, which is used for overview and information purposes. Unfortunately,monitoring activities that involve acquiring information about visitor experiencesare rarely prioritized by managers (Elands & Marwijk 2008). This is problematic, especially because recreation management “includes managing both material and symbolic […] landscapes” (Hall et al. 2013, p. 122). This is also emphasized by McCool (2006), who states that the state-of-art in visitor experience management needs improvement and that studying visitor experiences can be a way for managers to go beyond what he calls ‘superficial’ monitoring, which is monitoring efforts with a focus on visitor statistics only. Consequently, it is important thatvisitor monitoring efforts are not narrowed down to numbers and figures only, but also include detailed information about the details and specifics of various visitor experiences (McCool 2006). Indeed, it is an essential part of what has been referred to as experienced-based management, where securing and monitoring of high quality experience opportunities is put forward as a crucial part of area planning and management processes (Bushell& Griffin 2006).  
  Call Number Serial 3902  
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Author Nogueira Mendes, R.; Perreira da Silva, C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Looking back at recreational activities in protected areas using VGI from web-share services Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 138-140  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore if datasets from web-share services collected today can also reflect past changes in trails’ use within R&PA providing a new added value to these data sources – the ability to look back in time  
  Call Number Serial 4083  
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Author Bizarro, S., Nogueira Mendes, R.M., Santos, T., Juliao, R.P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring Outdoor recreation in Serra da Estrela Natural Park, Portugal Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 140-142  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Using the information made available by new technologies and social networks specialized in this segment, the study proposes, based on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI), the development of planning tools for an efficient characterization of this reality. The methodology intends to study, through an analysis of the available voluntary information, the users’ preferences towards the trail system of Serra da Estrela Natural Park (PNSE). The study results will contribute to the definition of standard criteria used in the design of a trail network, optimized according to the users’ profile and preferences.  
  Call Number Serial 3903  
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Author Norman, P., Pickering. C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using volunteered geographic information to assess the visitor use of parks Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 141-143  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This type of volunteered geographic information (VGI) is starting to be used by researchers and managers to assess visitor use of parks (Senaratne et al., 2017). But which websites, what sort of information is available and what are the limitations of this type of data? We conducted three research projects to determine: (1) what types of VGI is available for different parks, (2) how does route data vary among websites, (3) how useful is this VGI for assessing visitor use across and within parks, and (4) how accurate is this data compared to trail counters  
  Call Number Serial 4084  
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Author Hupka, J., Czachs, C., Hruby, S., Brandenburg, C. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Gathering information about leisure and recreational activities in an open landscape setting Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 143-145  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract A non-profit organisation, which is responsible for the conservation of a protected area, has commissioned the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna with the collection of data about visitor activities in an area, which is particularly valuable in terms of nature conservation. The data collection should take place within the framework of several master’s theses. Information about visitor numbers as well as the different types and intensities of recreational activities the visitors practice on the semi-aridgrassland had been the main focus of the monitoring. Besides the allowed leisure and recreational activities, also the prohibited practices and behaviours, such as driving on the semi-aridgrassland by bike or walking dogs without a leash, should be captured.  
  Call Number Serial 3904  
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Author Bizarro, S.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; Santos, T.; Juliao, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Multicriteria analysis a proposal of revitalization of the ancestral trails of the Serra da Estrala Natural Park (PNSE) Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 144-146  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This study proposes the development of a methodology based on multicriteria analysis and Geographical Information System (GIS) that takes into account different levels and types of information, to design a recreational network for Serra da Estrela Natural Park suitable to accommodate both conservation needs and visitors and users demand  
  Call Number Serial 4085  
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Author Wolf, I.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A decade worth of progress in the participatory monitoring and management of visitors in recreational and protected areas Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 147-150  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The authors present and evaluate these methodologies in the context of a literature review, empirical studies and by drawing from their combined knowledge of over 20 years in people monitoring to identify advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional techniques  
  Call Number Serial 4086  
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Author Rupf, R., Karlen, B., Wyttenbach, M. pdf  url
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  Title The rocky path – defining a trail and route network for a new national park: Case study Parc Adula, Switzerland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 148-151  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Switzerland has the oldest national park in Central Europe and in the Alps – the Swiss National Park in the Engadin Valley. Established in 1914 and with an area of 170 km2, the park is well known, and has strict but well accepted rules for visitors (Backhaus and Rupf, 2014). The Swiss National Park is not classified as a National Park, but as a Strict Nature Reserve category Ia (IUCN). It only consists of a core area without a buffer zone. In 2007 the legal basis for new protected areas in Switzerland including national parks (IUCN category II) was established. This was the beginning of several initiatives to launch new national park projects. One of them is Parc Adula (see Figure 1), situated in the south eastern part of Switzerland, with a total area of 1,250 km2 and a core zone of 145 km2 (12 %). Parc Adula is part of the territory of two different cantons and authorities (Grison and Ticino). In addition, Parc Adula is home to three different languages and cultures (Italian, Romansh and German), with about 16,000 residents in 17 communities. The land drops from the highest peak, Piz Adula, from 3,402 m to 349 m, and different biogeographical regions are therefore represented.  
  Call Number Serial 3905  
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Author Graefe, A., Blair, J.C.E., Ferguson, M., Mowen, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Using Photo Elicitation to Understand Hiker Perceptions of Energy and Communication Related Development Along the Appalachian Trail Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 152-153  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract As a result of a growing population, the demand for energy and communication related development has increased. Development needs inadvertently fall within boundaries or cut-through protected areas (i.e., national park units). Understanding impacts resulting from energy and communication related infrastructure development on an individual’s recreational experience is important to resource management agencies such as the National Park Service (NPS). Specifically, with eight power-lines stretching over 2,000 miles through six states associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), understanding the impact of energy and communication related development is of increased concern. The purpose of this presentation is to provide results of a photo-elicitation study conducted with AT users in conjunction with the NPS and Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) to determine hiker perceptions towards various energy and communication related infrastructure.  
  Call Number Serial 3906  
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Author Gentin, S.; Pitkanen, K.; Chondromatidou, A.; Dolling, A.; Proestholm, S.; Palsdottir, A.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature based integration in Europe – a review Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 152-153  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract There is a need for investigating the links between immigration and nature; and there are two perspectives, which this review aims to contributing. The first perspective relates to what role nature can play or already plays in terms of integrating immigrants into their new countries of residence. The second perspective is rooted in a social environmental justice perspective, where focusing on the new Europeans should have the same rights and treatment (e.g. benefits of natural areas in terms of ecosystem services; or access to high quality natural environment) regardless of their ethnic background.  
  Call Number Serial 4087  
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Author Kobayashi, A., Jones, T. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Investigating the Incident Profile of Vulnerable Climber Segments: Older Climbers in the North Japan Alps Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 154-156  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational mountain climbing in Japan has some of the highest-participation rates in the world, but there has been a recent increase in climbing-related incidents and fatalities (OSC, 2016). From 2004 to 2013 the number of incidents across the country increased by 64%, and fatalities by 20% (Kobayashi & Jones, 2015). 47% of all incidents involved climbers aged over 60 years, with many due to falls confirming the heightened risk faced by older (non-climber) citizens (Curl et al, 2016). This paper aims to investigate these trends, and offer implications for improving risk management, by using prefectural police incident reports to examine climbers’ profile in the North Japan Alps.  
  Call Number Serial 3907  
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Author Proestholm, S.; Gentin, S.Pitkanen, K.; Chondromatidou, A; Dolling, A.; Palsdottir, A.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Nature-based integration in the Nordic Countries – practices and perspectives Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 154-155  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract In order to increase the understanding of the role of nature and cultural ecosystem services in the social integration of immigrants into the Nordic societies, the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) has funded project ORIGIN (Outdoor recreation, nature interpretation and integration in Nordic Countries). In order to facilitate a better knowledge exchange across borders, the ORIGIN project initiated annual Nordic workshops on nature-based integration, and a network of researchers, NGOs and public and private actors working in the fields of immigrant integration and/or nature was formed.  
  Call Number Serial 4088  
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Author Lupp, G.; Kasbauer, K.; Schisslbauer, J.; Kantelberg; V.; Paulet, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Perception of Forest and Forest Management by Germans and Migrants using Photovoice Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 156-157  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Recently, Photovoice as a qualitative approach has received increasing attention. People take photos of features considered relevant for the respective research questions. Afterwards, individual photographers explain in semi-structured interviews why they have taken these pictures (Wang & Burris 1997, Heyman 2012). In our study, volunteer participants, both Germans and migrants (persons not having been born in Germany) walked a 4 km loop trail in the Weltwald Freising near Munich and took pictures of the forest. At the end of the walk, persons explained why they had chosen to take the respective pictures.  
  Call Number Serial 4089  
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Author Hornigold, K., Lake, I., Dolman, P. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Modelling use of forest recreation routes, an application for woodlark (Lullulaarborea) conservation Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 157-160  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract During the 20th century large parts of the UK were afforested to provide a strategictimber reserve (Peterken, 1993, pg. 85). Afforestation of open habitatsreduced the extent of unimproved grasslands, heathlands and wetlands, with consequent declines in associated species. To mitigate these impacts the UK Forestry Standard (Forestry Commission 2011) recommends a minimum 10% open space. In Thetford Forest (18,730 ha)the Forestry Commission is wideningverges along 278 km oftrackway to increaseopen habitat(current extent 7.1%) and createan ‘Open Habitat Network’ (OHN)to enhance habitat and population connectivity for rare and protected species(Armour-Chelu et al. 2014).In the present study we model recreational flow throughout theThetford Forest trackway networkto estimate DEs h-1on all elements of the proposed OHN. From estimatedthresholdsfor woodlark we quantify the number of trackway elements in the OHN unlikely to be colonised and therefore the potential loss of conservation benefit due to recreation. This tool is then used to assess mitigation through access point closure.  
  Call Number Serial 3908  
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Author Reimann, M.; Kuldna, P.; Sovali-Sepping, H; Poltimae, H.; Uustal, M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Naturalness and perceived safety in urban gree areas. Case study from Tallin, Estonia Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 158-160  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Naturalness and perception of safety in urban green areas can be two indicators that influence visitor recreational patterns, but their impact may vary (Kabish 2015, Kronenberg 2015). The current study provides an overview of the visitor survey of three different urban green areas in Estonian capital Tallinn: 1) historical and most prominent urban park Kadriorg; 2) former strictly closed Soviet military area Paljassaare which is still very wild looking and basically unmanaged; 3) mixed area which has one part of wetland and shrubland in former inaccessible coastal area and another part of classically managed park Rocca Al Mare.  
  Call Number Serial 4090  
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Author Preisel, H., Arnberger, A., Brenner, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Spatio-temporal Patterns of Mountain Bikers in the UNESCO Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 161-163  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Sincemany years, mountain biking has become a popular activity. In the late 1990s, more than 800 km of mountainbike trails werelaid in theWienerwald, Lower Austria and Vienna. Since then the demands of mountainbikers have changed, because besideshardtail mountainbikes, downhillbikes and fullsuspensionbikeshave also gained importance. In the last few years various non-designated single trails in and around Viennahave become popular and many off-trail areas (areas with illegally built ramps and jumps by the users themselves)have developed.Interviews (e.g.Reimoseret al., 2008),observations (Arnberger and Eder, 2007) and analysisof available online GPS-user data (e.g. heat maps) show that non-designated trailsare sought out by mountainbikers.  
  Call Number Serial 3909  
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Author Skar, M.; Rybraten, S.; Oian, H. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Urban, proximtate nature – how is it important in a Norwegian and multi-cultural context ? Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 161-163  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract In an ongoing study, Integrating value diversity in the assessment of urban ecosystem services from nature-based solutions in cities (SIS URBAN), one of the main objectives is to expand our knowledge about inhabitants’ engagement with diverse types of urban nature. This study is based on 280 interviews on three different areas in Oslo, addressing passers-by requested to participate in shorter interviews on the spot. The three areas span a range of green space.  
  Call Number Serial 4091  
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Author Bihunova, M., Kutny, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Arboretum Mlynany (Slovakia) – what can we learn and experience more? Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 164-166  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recreational activities are connected with the leisure time of human. They have passive or active form, individual or social mode, organised/regular or occasional way and could be realised in urban, periurban or rural environment. Rural recreation and rural tourism are important for the economic growth of rural areas and contributes to the protection and improvement of environmental values. It is based on the attractiveness of the environment and landscape. It can develop and protect cultural, historical and natural heredity of the site (Flekalová, 2015). In Slovakia, the recreational activities in the protected areas is regulated by The Act. No. 543/2002 on Nature and Landscape Protection. According to the degree of the protection, different activities could be provided on the site. Arboretum Mlynany belongs to the fourth level of Nature Protection (there is a five degree scale of Nature and Landscape Protection in Slovakia) (Štepánková et al, 2012). Signs, trails and wayside exhibits are connectors between the site and visitors. They give meaning to the experience of the moment. Effective trails and interpretative sites are important components for telling the story of a site (Gross et al, 2006).  
  Call Number Serial 3910  
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Author Fausitni Aquino, J.; Leah Burns, G.; Granquist, S.M. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Seal watching in Iceland: Ethical Management Development Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 165-167  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The purpose of this conceptual paper is to address the need to manage human-wildlife interactions in tourism settings to ensure positive outcomes for all stakeholders: wildlife, local communities, and visitors. Seal watching in Iceland is used as a case study to develop a model for investigating theoretical and practical understandings of wildlife watching management, environmental ethics, and community development.  
  Call Number Serial 4092  
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Author Pickering, C., Leung, Y-F. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title What’s the latest research on mountain biking in protected areas?: Results from the special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 168-169  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Public use of protected areas is changing, with declines in activities such as horse riding and hunting in some locations, while others such as mountain bike riding are increasing. Mountain biking riding is popular now in a wide range of protected areas from urban parks to wilderness areas and in many countries. Such popularity energizes the discourse about how mountain biking can contribute to protected area objectives, and at what cost. There is also an increasing focus on research on social and environmental aspects of mountain biking. This interest was reflected in numerous talks on the challenges of managing and monitoring mountain biking at MMV7 (Reimann et al. 2014). Inspired by this emphasis, a special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism was set aside to showcase the latest research on mountain biking (Pickering and Leung, 2016).  
  Call Number Serial 3911  
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Author Leah Burns, G.; Haraldsdottir, L. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Hydropower and tourism: Visitor and Operator perspectives on prefered use of natural areas Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 169-170  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This research aimed to understand visitor and tourism operator perspectives of a recreation destination in the face of competing land use. During the research, three proposals for hydroelectricity development, at two locations in Austurdalur valley, were under consideration by the Icelandic Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (Map One).  
  Call Number Serial 4093  
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Author Fredman, P., Sandell, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Predicting Outdoor Recreation – Experts vs. the Public Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 170-172  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Future participation in outdoor recreation is of interest to authorities as well as tourism and outdoor recreation organizations, but at the same time difficult to give an accurate answer for. It is not possible to study the future as such, since there is no empirical data to be analyzed which measures the time ahead of us. But the future is nevertheless a very important field of research because predicting the future is inherent important to make the right management decisions, improve adaptation, inform policy makers and ultimately support a more sustainable development. Alm et al. (2012:7) argue that “...we can use our knowledge about history and about the current situation for a discussion that also involves our values. The basic idea is that we can better shape our future in the way we want if we do this on an educated basis”. Elements in building this educated basis with regard to social science is for example information about changes over time for activities and attitudes, as well as presumptions concerning the future expressed by different groups. Hence, among the techniques that can be used to get a better basis for speculations about the future are predictions by experts and surveys among potential participants.  
  Call Number Serial 3912  
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Author Ingolfsdottir, A.H.; Gunnarsdottir, G. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Tourism as a tool for nature conservation ? Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 171-173  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The aim of this research is to explore the tension and conflicting interests between nature conservation, tourism and energy projects in Icelandic wilderness areas. Public discourses about new energy projects will be examined, using critical discourse analysis to tease out dominant ideas and underlying assumptions about the relationship between tourism, nature conservation and energy projects.  
  Call Number Serial 4094  
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Author Sievanen, T., Fredman, P., Søndergaard Jensen, F., Lexhagen, M., Lundberg, C., Sandell, K., Wall Reinius, S., Wolf-Watz, D. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Foresight Outdoor Recreation – A discussion based on monitoring experiences in the Nordic context Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 173-175  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Foresight outdoor recreation in the future is inherent important to inform policy makers and make the appropriate management decisions. It is also an essential tool to cope with changes. Participation in outdoor recreation in the Nordic countries has a long tradition and has been closely related to wellbeing, social welfare and cultural values. More recently, however, social, economic and environmental changes challenge the traditional view on outdoor recreation. This include, for example, urbanization, increased mobility, improved economy, cultural diversity, aging populations, new technology, climate change, competing leisure activities and time constraints.  
  Call Number Serial 3913  
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Author Olafsdottir, G. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title How the “essence of attraction” provides an important foundation for decisions on sustainable development of nature-based tourism destinations Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 174  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The paper introduces a contribution to destination development and management where the „essence of the attraction“ and “tourism recovery experiences” provide an important foundation for decisions on sustainable development of outdoor recreation sites. The contribution introduced in the context of Hornafjordur municipality as a destination for nature-based tourism at various levels of difficulty and service.  
  Call Number Serial 4095  
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Author Runnstrom, M.; Ollafsdottir, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Image analysis to assess hinking impact in Icelandic vegetation communities Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 175-177  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The objective of this research is to study the correlation between hiking impact (number of hikers) and resilience of different vegetation types in some common Icelandic vegetation communities; moss, moss-heath and grassland.  
  Call Number Serial 4096  
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Author Neuvonen, M., Nummelin, T., Sievanen, T., Tuulentie, S. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Future prospects of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 176-178  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Recent changes in tourism and recreation have been driven by socio-demographic shifts, increases in disposable time and incomes, technological changes, transport developments, and emerging systems of policy and governance (Williams & Shaw 2009). In addition, population growth, urbanization and decreasing environmental quality have been identified as megatrends in tourism, recreation and leisure (Gartner & Lime 2000). The aim of this study was to identify societal driving forces and trends ofoutdoor recreation,and to capture the insights and understandingof alternative futures among the actors working in research and practice in the field of nature-based recreation and tourism in Finland.  
  Call Number Serial 3914  
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Author Reigner, N.; Arnason, O.; Hallgrimsson, J.H.; Soevarsoon, R.; Gunnarsdottir, R.; Georgsson, S.O.; Skulladottir, S.S.; Salter, R. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Expanding carrying capacity assessment from the site level to the national level: An Icelandic case study Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 178-179  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Stjórnstöð Ferðamála has commissioned EFLA Consulting Engineers (Iceland), and their collaborators from Recreation and Tourism Science (USA) and TRC Tourism (New Zealand), to develop a nation-wide approach to tourism carrying capacity assessment. This assessment analyzes the economic, infrastructural, and social dimensions of tourism carrying capacity for Iceland. Based on a quantitative modeling approach that predicts destination conditions (Y-axis variables) from tourism drivers (X-axis variables),  
  Call Number Serial 4097  
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Author Percy, M., Paczkowski, J. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Monitoring Human Use around Wildlife Movement Corridors in the Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 179-181  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The Canadian Rocky Mountains are home to a diversity of large, terrestrial mammals including carnivores (wolf (Canis lupus), cougar (Felis concolor), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), black bear (Ursus americanus), lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and wolverine (Gulo gulo)), and herbivores (elk (Cervus elaphus), deer (Odocoileus sp.), moose (Alces alces), bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)). As human use of the Rocky Mountain landscape increases in both space and intensity, the effects of natural topographic fragmentation are exacerbated by human infrastructure, compromising wildlife movement and habitat use. While formal protection of these landscapes may exclude industrial disturbance, impacts from recreation and related infrastructure (trails, campgrounds, picnic sites, day-use facilities) may still represent a significant challenge to wildlife, particularly more wary species.  
  Call Number Serial 3915  
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Author Fredman, P.; Vidar, J.; Tyrvainen, L.; Siegrest, D.; Lindberg, K. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Prominent trends in nature-based tourism – An international comparison Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages (up) 181-183  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Nature-based tourism (NBT) is an increasingly important sector of the economy for many countries rich in outdoor recreation opportunities, especially so in rural regions where expectations for economic growth are high (Hall & Boyd, 2005; Fredman & Tyrväinen, 2010). NBT is also subject to significant changes due to social, technological, economic, environmental and political factors, referred to as mega-trends (Dwyer et al., 2008), where a trend implies a general direction in which something is developing, changing or people are behaving. This paper aims to identify the most prominent trends in NBT within and across five countries / regions with respect to their commercial potential.  
  Call Number Serial 4098  
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