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Author (up) Arnegger, J.; Eisenstein, B.; Job, H.; Woltering, M., pdf  url
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  Title Protected area labels as brands in tourism: insights from Germany Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 212-213  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Protected areas (PAs) are often major tourist attractions, notably in peripheral regions. Officially awarded designations, e.g. “national park”, have been described as being important brands that can create unique selling propositions (USP) for destinations, distinguishing them from similar, but unlabeled landscapes (Arnegger, 2014). The PA label is seen as a guarantee for quality and authentic nature experiences. Officially designated PAs represent a scarce resource since official (national or international) labels are not easily, if at all, transferable and imitable (Hannemann & Job, 2003). It is often argued that certain designations, especially national parks and world heritage sites, have a superior brand identity compared to other, less-known labels such as biosphere reserves or nature parks (Reinius & Fredman, 2007; Job et al., 2005; Nolte, 2004). However, this argument appears to be based to a large degree on specific case studies and on-site surveys rather than on systematic image assessments of PA categories. The present study addresses this research gap by evaluating the strengths of different PA categories as brands in tourism in a representative panel study for the German context. We focus on the three major large-scale PA categories as defined by the German Federal Law on Nature Conservation (BNatSchG): (a) national parks, (b) biosphere reserves and (c) nature parks (“Naturparke”), all of which can play, according to their legal mandate, important roles for tourism.  
  Call Number Serial 4296  
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Author (up) Job, H.; Metzler, D.; Woltering, M., pdf  url
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  Title Large Scale Protected Areas + Tourism = Regional Development? Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 140-144  
  Keywords MMV3, Large Scale Protected Areas, regional economic impacts, value-added analysis  
  Abstract The results of this research clearly indicate that tourism in Large Scale Protected Areas can generate considerable benefits for the regional economy, especially in peripheral and structurally disadvantaged regions. For instance, in Mueritz National Park it is estimated that guests whose key motivation for visiting was the brand ‘National Park’ (a share of nearly 44% of all 390 000 visitors in 2004) created the equivalent of 261 full time job equivalents. In Berchtesgaden National Park only about 10% of 1.13 million visitors in 2002 have been attracted by the Protected Area brand, generating about 206 jobs. In the regions of Hoher Flaeming and Altmuehltal 211 respectively 483 jobs were created by Nature Park related tourism. But in the latter cases these impacts are largely not ascribable to the status as a Protected Area. As indicated by this research, more importance should be attached to the issue of tourism in Large Scale Protected Areas. Financial benefits of tourism in National Parks and Nature Parks may contribute to increasing acceptance of nature conservation. Therefore decision-making processes in nature protection and regional tourism policy need to more fully incorporate aspects of durable economic development. Therefore decision-making processes concerning nature protection and tourism policy need to more fully incorporate the concept of sustainability, whether with regard to nature- based and ecotourism in Protected Areas in general, or with specific regard to Nature Parks and conservation as well as development of cultural landscapes therein.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 639 Serial 2443  
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Author (up) Mayer, M., Woltering, M. pdf  url
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  Title The recreational value of German national parks – consumer surplus analyzed with travel cost models Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 74-76  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract National parks (NLP) provide several ecosystem services like biodiversity and habitat protection, but also regulating and supporting services as well as cultural services like recreation and spiritual functions. Existing research about cultural ecosystem services of German NLP often focus on economic impact studies proving their role as major tourism attractions in rural areas (Job et al. 2016, Mayer & Job 2014, Woltering 2012). However, these studies only offer an incomplete view of the willingness to pay for recreation in NLP as they rely solely on the onsite expenditures of visitors while the travel and time costs to reach the parks are not considered. This paper presents the preliminary results for the recreational value of 14 out of 16 German NLP. The recreational value is determined using travel cost models (TCM). Although well established and criticized for years (Ward & Beal 2000), theseare its first applications to German NLP.  
  Call Number Serial 3882  
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Author (up) Mayer, M.; Sinclair, M.; Woltering, M.; Ghermandi, A., pdf  url
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  Title Opportunities and limits of social media data for monitoring and valuing visitation in protected areas – evidence from the German national parks Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 286-287  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract As exemplified by the recent review articles by Ghermandi and Sinclair (2019) and Teles de la Mota and Pickering (2020), social media as data source for environmental sciences, nature-based tourism and visitor monitoring is a highly dynamic field. However, what is missing despite many promising results are validations of the results of social media analyses against those obtained with “traditional” onsite visitor monitoring approaches. Therefore, we compare in this contribution social media data (Sinclair et al. 2020a,b) and onsite survey results (e.g. Job et al. 2016) in nearly all German national parks with respect to visitor provenance, visitor type (local, day-tripper, vacationists) and recreational value of national park visits (consumer surplus). Furthermore, we estimate visitation numbers based on social media data for protected areas without systematic visitor counting and provide information about the spatio-temporal visitor behavior in the protected areas.  
  Call Number Serial 4327  
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Author (up) Müller, M.; Mayer, M.; Woltering, M.; Job, H., pdf  url
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  Title Visitor attitudes towards natural disturbance: the case of the bark beetle in Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 347-352  
  Keywords MMV4, perception, attitudes, natural disturbance, protected areas, tourism, bark beetles  
  Abstract Management authorities of protected areas have recently been faced with a considerable rise of natural disturbance such as fire or insect pests in ecosystems. Incorporating visitor experience of natural disturbance into management strategies is a crucial task. The present study uses multivariate statistical analysis to examine visitors’ attitudes towards large-scale bark beetle infestation in the case of Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Findings indicate that visitors have a neutral attitude towards the bark beetle and slightly reject controlling the bark beetle in the national park. Expectations of a successful recovery of the affected areas (green-up) and low personal issue salience are the two strongest predictors for support of not controlling the bark beetle. Our findings suggest that it is well possible to position protected areas as refuges where nature is supposed to follow its course without intervention rather than as landscaped representations of cultural ideal types. In order to communicate this idea of wilderness to visitors, park management authorities should design educational measures to raise visitors’ awareness of the ecological mandate of protected areas and of the role of disturbance agents in ecosystems.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1042 Serial 2642  
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Author (up) Schagner, J. P.; Spenceley, A.; Engels, B.; Berkkonen, J.; Job, H.; Kajala, L.; Majewski, L.; Metzler, D.; Mayer, M.; Rylance, A.; Scheder, N.; Smith-Christensen, C.; Souza, T. B.; Thomas, C. C.; Woltering, M., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title A new guideline: “Visitors count! Guidance for protected areas on the economic analysis of visitation” Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 48-49  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract This paper introduces a guideline: “Visitors count! Guidance for protected areas on the economic analysis of visitation”[i] published by by German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) and UNESCO. The guideline aims at providing all knowledge needed for measuring economic impacts of tourism in protected areas (PA). The objectives are to provide essential knowledge about:• How to evaluate economic effects of tourism in PAs;• How to do visitor counting;• How to do visitor surveys;• How economic analysis works, and how to do it;• How to best report and communicate findings and• How to use findings for establishing sustainable PA tourism management strategies.The guideline targets PA managers, their respective natural and cultural heritage agencies, practitioners, academia, consultancies, international stakeholders and donor agencies. It is currently translated into a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Within a series of online webinars over several months participants will acquire all relevant knowledge to conduct PA tourism economic impact assessment and a successful final exam will be certified.  
  Call Number Serial 4219  
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