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	Author	Folmer, A.; Schuurmans, S.; Wielenga, B.,
	Title	Critical indicators for measuring the support for bird protection among visitors in the Dutch Wadden Sea area			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	210-211
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	“Onbekend maakt onbemind” [Unfamiliar makes unloved], is a typical Dutch saying that refers to unfamiliarity with a place, with food or some-thing else, leading to a lack of emotional connec-tion, support and/or care. With this in mind, nine nature organisations in the Netherlands want to increase awareness on the special nature values of World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea area among a broad public, with the overall aim to enlarge support for nature and bird protection. Their campaign is part of a larger multi-faceted project called “Wij & Wadvogels” [“We and Wadden birds”], which is running from 2019 to 2026. The project is unique as it does not only focus on physical measurements to improve the natural habitat of birds (restoration and expan-sion of resting, foraging and breeding places for birds); it also includes the social valuation of na-ture, with the focus on birds. The project aims to offer new sustainable forms of bird recreation which should result in increasing support for na-ture and birds (Vogelbescherming, 2018). This aim underlines the importance of gaining more insight into which aspects contribute to a higher support for nature and bird protection most. In this paper, we investigate indicators which predict support for bird protection among visitors to the Wadden Sea area. These indicators will be part of a monitoring system which moni-tors the effectiveness of activities of the project from 2021 to 2026. Due to the corona crisis, the actual monitoring could not start yet, as the type of visitors was expected to differ significantly from a normal year. Especially the relatively high number of first time visitors was notable. On the other hand, this gave us more opportunities to investigate differences between visitors.
	Call Number				Serial	4295
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	Author	De Vries, S.; Goossen, M.,
	Title	Predicting transgressions of the social capacity of natural areas			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	21-27
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Within the urbanized Dutch society, the social function of forests and nature areas is becoming more and more important. The same holds for agricultural areas. However, planning and management tools for this social function are almost absent. This paper presents a tool to be used by policy makers at regional and higher levels. By means of a normative analysis the local supply of and demand for nature-based recreation are confronted with each other. Because of its normative nature, the analysis does not offer a good description or prediction of actual recreational behavior. However, it does offer insight into where, according to the policy norms, the local supply of nature-based recreation opportunities cannot accommodate local demands. The method has been applied nation-wide and outcomes are momentarily used to substantiate spatial claims to develop new recreation areas.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 416			Serial	2271
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	Author	Siegrist, D.; Clivaz, C.; Gessner, S.; Manz, M.; Rinkel, A.; Rupf, R.; Stumm, N.; Wernli, M.,
	Title	VISIMAN. Development of a flexible visitor management tool for national and regional natural parks			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	58-60
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor management, visitor monitoring, parks and protected areas, management tool, IT
	Abstract	Within the scope if the VISIMAN project a new ITbased tool for visitor management in national and regional natural parks will be developed. The product comprises a systembased management platform with interfaces to the four functional units: ‘visitor information’, ‘expert information’, ‘visitor monitoring’, and ‘data management’. By keeping the interfaces open, the management can be extended for other functional units and applications on demand. Visitor monitoring was implemented and counting methods advanced.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 84			Serial	2705
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	Author	Türk, S.; Jakob, E.; Krämer, A.; Roth, R.,
	Title	Outdoor recreation activities in nature protection areas – situation in Germany			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	171-177
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Within a research project of the Federal Nature Conservation Agency, the Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environment points out new developments in outdoor activities in several German landscapes significantly used for sports activities. Therefore two different types of landscape analysis were chosen: First the monitoring of selected sports activities in landscapes with special equipment respectively high frequented by sportsmen (top-spot method) and second the recording of the real utilisation of near-natural landscapes (area method). The results of the scientific analytics were combined with sociological knowledge to describe the development of outdoor recreation in different sport activities (e.g.: canoeing, climbing, paragliding or canyoning). Considering these results the possibilities and the limits of modern concepts of guidance are discussed. Convenience offers, the use of police law or the establishment of a new outdoor culture (depending on Scandinavian standards) will attach great importance to minimize stress and interference in natural landscapes. It is shown that the changes in outdoor activities offer the possibility for a sustainable use of the German countryside for recreation as well as for environment.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 397			Serial	2406
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	Author	Moore, S.A.,
	Title	What is the place of democracy in recreation ecology?			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	57-61
	Keywords	MMV4, democracy, practical wisdom, public, recreation ecology, visitors
	Abstract	What should be monitored and who decides has been debated for as long as recreation ecology has been with us. The early work on planning frameworks advocates consulting with visitors to determine what conditions are important to them and then derive resource and social indicators from this information. Any associated standards are then similarly set with visitors’ input. At the same time, recreation ecologists have selected indicators that allow measurement and predictions regarding the relationships between resource and social conditions and levels of visitor use. Where are we now regarding these choices? A democratic perspective would argue that visitors should have significant influence on indicator selection and the standards that might accompany them. But what role does this leave for scientists and institutionally derived scientific knowledge in recreation ecology? In this paper I argue that we are morally and societally bound to embrace a democratic approach to recreation ecology with scientists and managers working with visitors, and others with a vested interest in protected areas, to develop ‘practical wisdom’ that can be evoked as a central tenet of recreation ecology.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 904			Serial	2574
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	Author	Kasama, S.; Matstuda, Y.
	Title	A study on the patterns of outdoor public spaces in tourist destinations that make the sight attractive			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	443-446
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	We are working on some research and analyses in order to clarify “factors” that make tourist destinations so attractive, from the viewpoint of outdoor public spaces or environments. By applying our future results, we aim at making it possible to analyze the attractiveness of each tourist destination and to propose effective methods to improve the attractiveness of the destination
	Call Number				Serial	4189
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	Author	Wood, S.; Lee, H.; Lia, E.; Miller, L.; Seo, B.; White, E.; Winder, S.,
	Title	Landscape-scale insights into recreational activities derived from social media content			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	246-246
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Volunteered geographic information, such as social media and online trip reports, are a promising source of data on the amount and character of recreational use in parks and protected areas. The volume of data is often correlated with on-site measures of park visitation, and the content contains rich descriptions of visitors experiences. This study presents a novel and generalizable model of public land visitation based on posts to three online social media platforms and two trip reporting platforms from National Forests in Washington, USA. Then, we introduce and apply a convolutional neural network model for accurately classifying these visitors activities, based on the content of the social media. We find that social media can substantially improve estimates of visitation to public lands. Furthermore, there is also a strong correlation between the number of survey respondents reporting their participation in 14 common recreational activities and the number of social media posts classified as pertaining to the same activity. The models perform nearly as well in novel locations as in the primary location, suggesting that the approaches are broadly applicable, though performance varies by activity. By comparing our maps of recreational participation to the underlying landscape, we find that natural features (such as rivers, lakes, and higher elevations) and some built infrastructure (campgrounds, trails, roads) support a greater diversity of activities, while visitors are less sensitive to features such as picnic areas and wilderness designation. Even while respecting the limitations of the volunteered data and models, these results provide actionable information to land managers by illuminating how recreation varies spatially and according to the recreational activities that are provided.
	Call Number				Serial	4310
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	Author	Hutton, E.; Nikula, A.; Tuulentie,S.,
	Title	Comparing participatory GIS and social media data with more traditional visitor monitoring methods			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	264-264
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Visitor numbers, new user groups and new activities in recreation areas are increasing and thus creating a need for new visitor monitoring tools. These methods should ideally provide continuously updating, located data of user groups and activities. Our aim was to explore the usability of public social media data, web-shared GIS and online PPGIS surveys for visitor monitoring in remote and less visited protected recreational areas. The study was made as a part of Interreg Nord funded Halti project in a border region of two Nordic countries consisting of popular recreational sites of Käsivarsi Wilderness Area, Malla Strict Nature reserve and Kilpisjärvi village in Finland and Reisa National Park and Kåfjorddalen in Norway.
	Call Number				Serial	4317
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	Author	Olafsson, A.S.; Purves, R.S.; Garcia-Martin, M.; Wartmen, F.; Fagerholm, N.; Torralba, M.; Albert, C.; Verbrugge, L.; Heikinheimo, V.; Kaaronen, R.; Hartmann, M.; Plieninger, T.; Raymond, C.,
	Title	Comparing landscape value patterns between participatory mapping and social media content across Europe.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	292-293
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fuele…Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fueled by open georeferenced data and social media opportunities. Knowledge on how visitors use and value landscapes is increasingly elucidated by social media data or user-generated data passively contributed by online communities. Examples of this is the use of data from social media such as Flickr, where users share and store geocoded images in an online platform. Here images, locations and associated tags is opportunistic crowdsourced by researchers and planners to conceptually and spatially elicit landscape values such as cultural ecosystem services and relational values.At the same time, integrated landscape planning and management has increasingly focus on planning ideals of deliberative processes, co-creation and inclusion of diverse values. Examples of this is participatory mapping techniques aimed to support the inclusion of diverse values held by residents and visitors into integrated landscape management. By the use of online public participation GIS (PPGIS), participants are actively recruited to purposely map socio-cultural values about specific landscapes.The values data collated using active participatory mapping techniques and passive user generated data is rarely compared.In this study, we bring PPGIS and Flickr together in an exploration and discussion of the similarities and differences. In contrast to previous comparative studies focused on single study site, we expand the analyses from a single site to cross-site analyses of 19 landscapes across Europe (in 11 countries). We argue that in order for planners to harness the qualities of both – we need to place a spotlight on strengths and shortcomings of each method and core opportunities for complementary use. We do this by a direct comparison of the spatial distribution, intensity and type of landscape values elicited using PPGIS and Flickr data.Moreover, we relate similarities or differences to specific landscape characteristics and types of landscape values.
	Call Number				Serial	4330
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	Author	Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K.,
	Title	Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	394-395
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	4374
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	Author	Taplin, R., Rodger, K., Moore, S.A.
	Title	The Multi-dimensional Components of Visitor Loyalty to Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	354-356
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Visitor loyalty is important for protected areas not only for the revenue received from entrance fees and other charges but also for political support for their continued existence (Rodger et al., 2015, Weaver & Lawton, 2011). For this reason extensive research reported in the literature examines not only visitor loyalty but also the factors (such as service quality and visitor satisfaction) that may increase visitor loyalty (Moore et al. 2015). This paper adds to our understanding of loyalty as a complex construct. Factor analysis is used to demonstrate the multidimensional nature of loyalty and to explore these different dimensions. Implications for loyalty research are discussed.
	Call Number				Serial	3971
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	Author	Pickering, C., Barros, A., Dario Rossi, S., Hernando, A.
	Title	What have we learned in the past 12 years about Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas? Current knowledge and future research directions.			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	183-186
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Visitation to recreational and protected areas continues to increase and diversify. This creates both challenges and opportunities for those who engage in these activities and for those who managethe destinations. With increased visitation there can be increasing environmental impacts and potential for social conflict unless appropriately managed. Recognizing the importance of these issues a group of scholars came together in 2002 to provide opportunities for academics and practitioners to exchange information by running multidisciplinary conferences every two years on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in recreational and protected areas (MMV conferences). The first conference was in Vienna, Austria in2002 Vienna, with subsequent conferences in Rovaniemi, Finland in 2004, Rapperswil, Switzerland in 2006, Montecatini Terme, Italy in 2008, Wageningen, The Netherlands in 2010, Stockholm, Sweden in 2012,Tallinn, Estonia in 2014, and here in Novid Sad, Serbia in 2016 (Figure 1).
	Call Number				Serial	3917
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	Author	Bizarro, S., Nogueira Mendes, R.M., Santos, T., Juliao, R.P.
	Title	Monitoring Outdoor recreation in Serra da Estrela Natural Park, Portugal			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	140-142
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Using the information made available by new technologies and social networks specialized in this segment, the study proposes, based on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI), the development of planning tools for an efficient characterization of this reality. The methodology intends to study, through an analysis of the available voluntary information, the users’ preferences towards the trail system of Serra da Estrela Natural Park (PNSE). The study results will contribute to the definition of standard criteria used in the design of a trail network, optimized according to the users’ profile and preferences.
	Call Number				Serial	3903
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	Author	Ursul, C.; Farias-Torbidoni, E.I.; Cahill, S.
	Title	Assessing recreational impact in a protected peri-urban park. The case of Collserola Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	484-486
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Using Collserola Natural Park as the study area, this research was set out with the aim of assessing the utility and effectiveness of a trail survey methodology in the evaluation of recreational impact in a peri-urban natural park. Collserola Natural Park is a protected Natura 2000 site covering over 8,000 ha of mostly Mediterranean pine and oak woodlands situated directly beside the city of Barcelona, in the centre of its corresponding metropolitan area with a nearby population of 3.2 million inhabitants, 43% of the population of Catalonia.
	Call Number				Serial	4203
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	Author	Dahlberg, A.; Borgstrom, S.,
	Title	A just access to urban green commons? The case of people using wheelchairs in Stockholm			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	320-321
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Urban green space and urban green infrastructure as contributors to city qualities have received growing scholarly and practical attention. Of the many forms of urban green space, we focus on urban green commons (UGC), arguing that issues of environmental justice are highlighted and strengthened in the perspective of commons. The UGC concept has been used with slightly different meanings, where e.g. Németh (2012) defines urban commons (not only green spaces) as being collectively owned, held in joint use, and to which everyone has access. Coldings and Barthels (2013:157) definition of UGC includes urban green space of varied ownership and which “depend on collective organization and management”, as e.g. community gardens and allotment gardens, which are not open to all. In this study, we define UGC as green spaces that legally are accessible to anyone, which in a Swedish context is where the Right of Public Access applies (SEPA 2020). However, just because you have the legal right of access does not mean that you have realized access.We focus on access in a broad sense explored from an environmental justice perspective. The degree of access is often defined quantitatively such as proximity to green spaces, or by how many from a certain social group use these spaces (Kabisch & Haase 2014). However, access is a complex concept, and inspired by Rigolon (2016) we include mental (e.g. fear), social (e.g. company), physical (e.g. roots, ice), and structural (e.g. transport, information) aspects of access. There are different ways of theorizing and analyzing environmental justice (e.g. Anguelovski 2020), and in this study, we follow Svarstad and Benjaminsen (2020), who defines environmental justice as distributive, recognition, procedural, and capabilities, and Rutt and Gulsrud (2016) who apply this lens on access to UGC. We find that within these categories all aspects of environmental justice can be explored.UGC are intended to be accessible for all people – but is that really the case? Loftus (2020) raises the question about what really is included in the expression “all the people” that often is used in policy and planning declarations, also concerning urban green spaces. But are they in practice UGC from an environmental justice perspective? The use of UGC is increasingly studied, but people with impaired mobility, e.g. using a wheelchair, is one example of a group whose access to urban green spaces has been largely neglected. Most studies about this group include all disabilities (Burns 2013) or are not focused solely on the urban context (Burns 2013, Stigsdotter 2018). However, Corazon et al. (2019) present a qualitative study with people with mobility impairment in cities.
	Call Number				Serial	4342
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	Author	Bredeweg, E.; D'Antonio, A.; Esser, S.; Jacobs, A.,
	Title	Steps on a path: An application of machine learning using a random forest algorithm to predict visitor use levels on trails in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	280-281
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Understanding the location and level of recreation use in park and protected areas (PPA) can be useful for effective visitor use management. While there is a wealth of geospatial data available online and in the manager databases of many PPA, the development and format of these datasets may be shaped more by the nature of GIS software than the way visitors explore and use a PPA system. Moreover, aspects important for visitor management such as quantification of visitor use levels on trails may be more difficult to source for each trail segment than physical trail characteristics (length, location, elevation profile, etc.). It would be expected that trail characteristics would influence the traffic of visitors, but there are many other factors such as accessibility, parking, or nearby attractions that can influence visitor behavior in complex ways. While we can obtain the physical characteristics, available amenities, and relative locations of trails within the entire PPA, we often do not have visitor use levels on the same extent. In order to examine visitor use levels on the scale of the entire PPA, we need to be able to model the relationship between physical location, trail characteristics, and amenities that ultimately shape visitor use.
	Call Number				Serial	4325
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Kocis, S.M.,
	Title	Designing a Sampling System for Concurrently Measuring Outdoor Recreation Visitation and Describing Visitor Characteristics			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-33
	Keywords	MMV2, National Visitor Use Monitoring, onsite sampling, sampling plan, use estimation, visitor characteristics, sample allocation
	Abstract	Two primary information needs for managing recreation areas and the visitors to those areas are: (1) good estimates of visitation volume, and (2) accurate descriptions of visitor characteristics, such as length of stay, frequency of visit, and primary activity. For National Forests in the United States of America with large undeveloped areas, efficient sampling for the two types of information may be to a large extent incompatible. Sampling plans that address visitation volume issues allocate most of the sample days to the largest and most internally variable strata. Sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics allocate sampling effort to locations that most efficiently provide visitor information, such as at developed sites. Additionally, sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics may need to ensure spatial or temporal dispersion of the sample, in order to ensure adequate representation of different visitor sub-groups. A method is demonstrated for allocating days into sampling strata which balances the contribution of sample days in improving the accuracy of the total visitation estimate with the contribution of the sample day to maximizing the quantity and dispersion of visitor information. The resulting sampling allocation provides an optimal solution to address both of the information needs through a single data collection effort. A second phase of the method addresses how to ensure spatial and temporal dispersion of sampling effort. Examples of applications on National Forests in the United States are provided.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 378			Serial	2397
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	Author	Kanoje, R.S.,
	Title	Managing Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Van Vihar National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	205-210
	Keywords	MMV3, Sustainable eco-tourism, tourism carrying capacity, physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, effective carrying capacity, management capacity
	Abstract	Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 675			Serial	2461
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	Author	Hennig, S.,
	Title	The recreation perspective. A recreationalists typology on visitors and their behaviour by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	183-187
	Keywords	MMV4, visitor characteristics, recreational behaviour, typologies, management, statistical analysis
	Abstract	To perform its tasks management needs information on visitors. They provide insight into the recreational situation of protected areas and support management decisions. Therefor, data on visitor use and visitation behaviour have to be analyzed and mapped. However, information on visitors should not be reduced on singular variables. It is important to combine these different characteristics and build up types of visitors respectively visitor behaviour. In favour of this the approach of recreation perspective is elaborated. The concept takes account of existing typologies on (nature-based) tourism and their attributes (e.g. size, age). Furthermore, visitor behaviour is integrated. Distinguished in macro and micro behaviour it is expressed by choice of activity, destination, type, location and duration of extended stops etc.. Considering these aspects visitors can be categorized into several types. The recreation perspective is worked out and applied to the German Berchtesgaden National Park.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 968			Serial	2605
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	Author	Ota, H.; Kasama, S.; Mastuda, Y.; Iwata; K.
	Title	Issues on Footpaths Linking Attractive Public Open Spaces in Hokkaido: from the Perspectives of Recreational Use of the Countryside			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	102-104
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	To clarify actual situations of footpaths running through public open spaces in Hokkaido and problems concerning creation, management and maintenance of footpaths, this study examined reference materials of footpaths in Hokkaido and carried out their field research, hearing survey to their operators, and questionnaire survey to footpath users.
	Call Number				Serial	4071
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	Author	Klanjscek, J.; Gecek, S.; Sakic, K.; Klanjscek, T.
	Title	Quantifying effects of signs on visitor flow in NP Krka			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	274-275
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	To quantify the ensuing effects on visitor movement, data on visitor movement before (2015) and after (2017) sign installation were analyzed. Data were collected using an app written for Android where each visitor (time of passage and direction of movement) was recorded on two locations at Skradinski buk – near the bridge and on the footpath in both years. Measurements were carried out in August during the summer season, when crowding is highest.
	Call Number				Serial	4131
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	Author	Cottrell, S.,
	Title	Predictive Model of Responsible Environmental Behaviour: Application as a Visitor-Monitoring Tool			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	129-135
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	This working paper presents a framework for understanding responsible environmental behaviour as a visitor-monitoring tool. Visitor use data forms the basis of any successful visitor management plan to understand user knowledge, awareness and attitudes about pollution issues in order to develop management policies and actions that enhance appropriate visitor behaviour. A case study of the application of a predictive behavioural model on the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA involving boater environmental behaviour as a social indicator is discussed. Results indicate that knowledge of water pollution issues, awareness of the consequences, equipment issues such as boat length and boat type, and situational factors that constrain or hinder appropriate behaviour were indicators of appropriate behaviour. A structural equation path diagram model was tested using AMOS student version 4.01 using up to seven of the eight predictors from boating behaviour case study to demonstrate the strength of a path analysis procedure. Results model those of the stepwise regression procedures used in the original study, yet the path diagrams demonstrate ease of interpreting the structural relationships among variables in a regression equation. Implications for management actions in the case study situation are given followed by a proposed researchmonitoring program coupling social science techniques with the natural sciences.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 452			Serial	2289
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	Author	Arnberger, A., Schneider, I.E., Cottrell, S., Ebenberger, M., Schlueter, A., Eder, R., Von Ruschkowski, E., Venette, R.C., Snyder, S., Gobster, P.
	Title	Visitors’ trade-offs between physical and social factors of bark beetle impacted recreational forests			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	192-194
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This study used a stated preference approach to explore visitor perceptions of bark beetle outbreaks at two state parks in the USA and a national park in Germany. A visual discrete choice experiment (DCE) employed digitally calibrated images (Arnberger & Eder, 2011) to simulate forest stands with varying levels of bark beetle outbreaks, different management practices, and varying visitor uses. Translated and back-translated on-site surveys were conducted in summer 2014 with convenience samples of visitors at State Forest State Park (n=200) in Colorado, USA, Bemidji State Park (n=228) in Minnesota, USA, and Harz National Park in Germany (n=208). Each site has a history of bark beetle infestation with varying management approaches.
	Call Number				Serial	3919
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	Author	Stahal Olafson, A.; Kaae, B.C.; Hjorth Caspersen, O.; Steen Moler, M.; Skov-Petersen, H.; Proestholm, S.; Sondergard Jensen, F.
	Title	VGI crowdsourcing of recreational use patterns and experiential place value for national park planning in Denmark			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	78-80
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study seeks out to explore and discuss the potential of VGI approaches by triangulating findings between three PPGIS surveys with different sampling strategies, and findings from a social media VGI study of Flickr photos. Finding from all four studies are focused on a fjord landscape in a new national park situated in Roskilde, Denmark
	Call Number				Serial	4062
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	Author	Bizarro, S.; Nogueira Mendes, R.; Santos, T.; Juliao, R.
	Title	Multicriteria analysis a proposal of revitalization of the ancestral trails of the Serra da Estrala Natural Park (PNSE)			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	144-146
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study proposes the development of a methodology based on multicriteria analysis and Geographical Information System (GIS) that takes into account different levels and types of information, to design a recreational network for Serra da Estrela Natural Park suitable to accommodate both conservation needs and visitors and users demand
	Call Number				Serial	4085
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	Author	Rossi, S.D.; Barros, A.; Pickering, C.; Leung, Y-F; Walden-Schreiner, C.
	Title	Assessing visitor spatial behaviour in mountain protected areas with crowdsourced photos: Examples from Argentina and Australia			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	81-83
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This study explores how geotagged photos on Flickr can reveal spatial and temporal patterns of visitor use for managers of mountain protected areas
	Call Number				Serial	4063
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	Author	Selin, S.
	Title	Backbone Leadership and River Recreation Corridors: The Mon River Valley Coalition			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	44-45
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This research employed an embedded case study approach recommended by several tourism researchers (Dredge, Hales, & Jamal, 2013, Wray, 2015). The author was familiar with the Mon River Valley Coalition having served as a program coordinator with the Monongahela River Town Program for two years. After stepping down from the program coordinator position, the author was able to use personal knowledge, social networks, and accumulated program material to conduct this embedded case study research design (Yin, 2009).
	Call Number				Serial	3873
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	Author	Godtman Kling, K.; Wall-Reinius, S.;
	Title	Negotiating co-existence in a multifonctional landscape : trails as facilitators for communication			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	108-109
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This research contributes to the existing literature on handling multiple land-use interests, and adds to previous knowledge by taking on a rather new approach; that of the recreational trail as a facilitator for communication
	Call Number				Serial	4073
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	Author	Dehez, J.; Ginelli. L.; Le Floch, S.
	Title	Involving recreational users in environmental management: invasive aquatic plants in lakes on Frances Atlantic coast			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	297-299
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This presentation is based on an ongoing multidisciplinary research project (AquaVIT), combining scientists from the fields of economics, geography, sociology and ecology. It focuses on the ecological and socio-economic impacts of four macrophytes, i.e. Egeria densa, Lagarasiphon major, Ludwigia, Myriophyllum aquaticum, within freshwater Atlantic lakes in France. The social scientists within the project share two objectives among others: i) describing individuals’ activities and perceptions (in particular those related to the weeds) ii) understanding how recreational users are (or are not) associated into the current management processes.
	Call Number				Serial	4141
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	Author	Crowley, C.; Cline, S.
	Title	U.S. Federal recreation: diverse lands, diverse agencies – comparing agency methods of monitoring visitation and estimation economic impacts			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	328-330
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This presentation describes similarities and differences across the methodologies used by U.S. agencies to estimate visitation to recreation areas under their jurisdiction; the amount and patterns of related spending by those visitors; how this spending affects local economies in terms of economic impacts; and challenges to reporting nation-wide totals.
	Call Number				Serial	4152
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	Author	Kaae, B.C.; Olafsson, A.S.,
	Title	Inclusion of coastal and marine recreation in a data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	176-176
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	This presentation describes how coastal and marine recreation data has been included in a cross-sectoral project ECOMAR: A data-driven framework for ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Danish marine waters. This development and demonstration project involves data from a range of marine sectors including coastal and marine recreation and analyses these in an extensive cumulative impact assessment modelling. The presentation will focus on the results linked to the coastal and marine recreation: How other marine sectors have impact on coastal and marine recreation as well as the recreational impacts on some of the sectors. The results, implications and use of coastal and marine recreation data for Maritime Spatial Planning and management are discussed and related to the newly released Danish Maritime Spatial Plan.
	Call Number				Serial	4279
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	Author	Viswanathan, N.K., Vogel, R.M., Li, S., Wang, A.Z.
	Title	Sustainable Coastal Tourism on Long Island – A Preliminary Study			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	370-371
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This pilot study, part of a two year project funded by the New York Sea Grant identified two coastal cities on Long Island. Based on survey data the study examined the demographic characteristics of tourists and attempted to understand their motivation for visiting Long Island. The survey instrument consisted of twenty questions and the tourists to be surveyed were selected at random at the tourist site in the two cities. The questions measured many variables including the following, tourism attraction preferences, reasons for visiting, communication medium through which the tourist was exposed to the destination, family size and age, the preferences for different types of attractions and activities.
	Call Number				Serial	3976
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	Author	Cottrell, S.P.,
	Title	Perceptions, attitudes and perceived benefits of local residents about tourism development in and around European Protected Area Network Parks			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	72-76
	Keywords	MMV4, Sustainability, tourism, indicators, monitoring
	Abstract	This paper presents the European Protected Area Network (PAN Parks) approach (mixed methods) for monitoring resident beliefs about the benefits of PAN Parks status and satisfaction with tourism development. Comparison of results and lessons learned from studies done in Poland, Bulgaria, and Finland are given. Hypothesizes imply that economic, socio-cultural, ecological, and institutional dimensions of sustainable tourism influence perceived benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development. As residents’ satisfaction with the economic, socio-cultural, institutional and ecological aspects of sustainable tourism increase, so do beliefs about the benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development in the PAN Park regions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 914			Serial	2579
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	Author	Gretzinger, S.; Leick, B.; Ulrich, A. M. D.,
	Title	Actor role-resource interactions in emerging sharing-economy businesses: A case study from Danish sharing-economy entrepreneurs			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	408-408
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	This paper explores the process of establishing and developing businesses within the sharing economy by assuming that actors, resources and activities jointly shape various roles associated with sharing-economy entrepreneurship within platform ecosystems over time. Starting from the dyadic level of analysis, a sample of 15 aspiring entrepreneurs as well as up-stream/down-stream actors related with the entrepreneurs (n= 45 interviews scheduled) in the country-case of Denmark will be sampled to investigate this research question. In the paper, we will describe actor-individual roles as well as business-oriented roles on the dyadic and the network level during the process of establishing, consolidating and stabilising shared-economy businesses. In addition, the drivers that enable these processes will be identified. This short paper provides an overview of the theoretical framework and the planned research design for the empirical study.
	Call Number				Serial	4380
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	Author	Gulic, J., Struc, S., Debeljak Sabec, N.
	Title	Monitoring of disturbances in the natural environment on Pohorje Mountain (Slovenia)			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	89-91
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This paper deals with the monitoring of disturbances (motorized vehicles, snowmobiles, bikes) in the natural environment on Pohorje Mountain range (Slovenia) and presenting implemented activities dealing with visitor management in the area. Activities were carried out through the project SUPORT – Sustainable Management of Pohorje area (EEA Financial Mechanism and Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009-2014 in Slovenia, EEAG 4300-346/2014, Y2015-2016) and transferring management planning process into ongoing project LIFE TO GRASLANDS – Conservationand management ofdrygrasslands in EasternSlovenia (LIFE 14 NAT/SI/000005).The project focusedtowards efficient management and monitoring of Natura 2000 sites. One of the work packages of the project included zoning of space on the appropriateness of human activity in the natural environment.With Ferro-magnetic sensors, we have monitored disturbances in the natural environment. The sensors tracked the frequency of disturbances in the natural environment and on forest roads, where traffic is only permitted for forest management
	Call Number				Serial	3887
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	Author	Praestholm, S.; Andkjaer, S.,
	Title	How to survey on the “Last child in the woods” – Danish experiences with who and how to ask about childrens use of nature			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	268-268
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	This paper compares and discusses pro and cons regarding choice of different survey methods based on recent surveys about childrens use of nature and green spaces in Denmark (data collected 2015-2019). The paper focus on differences between asking the children or the parents. The primary data origins from a survey with two thousand children aging 10-15 years (Andkjær et al. 2016). Children in 5th and 8th degree answered a digital questionnaire during school time under technical supervision by their teacher. The secondary data comprises parents responses from a national survey with responses about more than four thousand children aging 1 through 15 years (Præstholm et al. 2020). Responses regarding the same age groups as the primary data were retrieved.
	Call Number				Serial	4319
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	Author	de Souza Pimental, D.; Pinto Meireles, C.; Barcellos, M.; de Oliveira, M.L.; Ramos Costa, S.M., Perdomo Santos, V.
	Title	Developement of interpretative trails in Brazilian protected areas			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	246-248
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper aims to discuss the cases of interpretative trails’ development experienced in different protected areas, pointing out similarities and particularities of the process from defining the environmental interpretation points to interpretative trails evaluation.
	Call Number				Serial	4121
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	Author	Gentin, S.; Pitkanen, K.; Chondromatidou, A.; Dolling, A.; Proestholm, S.; Palsdottir, A.M.
	Title	Nature based integration in Europe – a review			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	152-153
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	There is a need for investigating the links between immigration and nature; and there are two perspectives, which this review aims to contributing. The first perspective relates to what role nature can play or already plays in terms of integrating immigrants into their new countries of residence. The second perspective is rooted in a social environmental justice perspective, where focusing on the new Europeans should have the same rights and treatment (e.g. benefits of natural areas in terms of ecosystem services; or access to high quality natural environment) regardless of their ethnic background.
	Call Number				Serial	4087
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	Author	Bussolotti, J.M., De Lima Guimaraes, S.T., De Jesus Robim, M.
	Title	Perception, interpretation and valuation of multifunctional landscapes of protected areas: a contribution to visitor management			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	397-399
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The work presented was discussion of the thesis entitled “ Building indicators for the landscape of the State Park of Serra do Mar: Santa Virginia.” The Park covers the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, considered the owner of a valuable biological and cultural wealth. The conceptual bases used in the research were the Landscape Ecology and the phenomenological perspective of humanistic geography, basing the analysis of lived space and the lived world and the concept of multifunction Naveh landscape, taking into account the implicit values in the three areas of functions the landscape of this protected area: the bioecological, the socio-ecological- cultural and socioeconomic. It was established as main objective to create parameters for environmental valuation indicators in protected areas from the perceptions of those who experience it.
	Call Number				Serial	3986
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	Author	Payne, R.J.; McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Moore, J.; Bradford, L.; Elliott, S.,
	Title	Recreation Experience Preferences and Activity Profiles in a Crown Forest Landscape in Ontario, Canada			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	164-170
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The use of public forested areas in Ontario, Canada is governed by the Crown Forest Sustainability Act that directs the management authority, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), to ensure that forest operations co-exist with other uses of the forest, especially recreation and tourism. Implementing these legislative requirements has been difficult for the OMNR: it lacks data on recreation and tourism; it lacks readily available social scientific expertise; and it lacks the necessary integrative model. The larger project of which this work is a part, focussing on the Dog River-Matawin Forest, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario and immediately east of Quetico Provincial Park, is designed to address several of these gaps. This paper seeks to answer two of the many questions concerning how people use the forest for recreation and tourism purposes: what motivates different users and how do those motivations relate to activity profiles. Our findings indicate that four distinct experience preference groups exist among the 1,556 people who used the forest for recreation and tourism purposes. When these groups are compared with four distinct activity profiles, we make connections that, when mapped (a future phase of the work), begin to indicate areas where potential conflicts might occur with forest operations or with other recreation activities. We conclude by noting that, while knowledge about how people use the forest is interesting in itself, both an integrative framework and a scientifically-capable Ministry of Natural Resources are needed if that knowledge is to find its way into management actions to implement the requirements of Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 395			Serial	2405
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