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	Author	Ghelichipour, Z.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Visitor risk management in core zones of protected areas: First results from a survey of European park administrations			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	107-111
	Keywords	MMV4, Conservation regulations, European Protected Areas, Questionnaire, Visitor Risk Management
	Abstract	Effective visitor risk management practices play an important role in the management of outdoor recreation. Many forms of outdoor recreation have inherent risks associated with them, indeed for many recreational activities risk and challenge are integral components. In many European countries, the administrations of protected areas are legally liable for some kinds of visitors’ injuries, e.g. caused by falling trees or damaged handrails. Sometimes this liability may cause legal problems for the managers, as management measures (e.g. removal of trees) might be in conflict with conservation regulations. These problems are particularly serious in core zones of protected areas, because of their stronger conservation status. In this study, visitor safety management and likely conflicts with conservation regulations in different European protected areas has been surveyed. The findings imply that today visitor risk management is not considered as an important aspect of the management process in core zones of protected areas. This might change in the future: In many core zones of European parks regular forest management for timber production has only recently been discontinued, which will lead to an increased visitor risk when natural processes of ecosystem development take over.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 934			Serial	2589
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	Author	Pröglhöf, R.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	The visitors’ perspective of visitor monitoring: results from two recreational areas in Eastern Austria			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	294-295
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor monitoring, acceptance, visitor survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 204			Serial	2807
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	Author	Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	126-129
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.
	Call Number				Serial	3899
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Haider, W.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Social Carrying Capacity of an Urban Park in Vienna			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	361-368
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The goal of this research was to investigate the social carrying capacity of an urban park in Vienna, Austria. We used a stated choice approach, combined with a referendum style conjoint model. Based on the hypothesis that the perception of crowding is influenced by several factors, digitally calibrated images were generated to depict in a systematic and rigorous manner different visitor numbers, user types, group sizes, the placement of visitors within the scene, numbers of dogs on or off leash, and the direction of visitor movement. The social carrying capacity was measured by asking each respondent whether the presented scenario was acceptable or not. Overall, visitor numbers, the placement of visitors within the image, and dogs being on or off a leash influenced the visitors’ decisions the most. The results of the binomial logit model can be used to simulate and calculate the visitor norms for many different situations; in other words, the referendum style conjoint approach delivers recreation norms within a truly multivariate investigative framework.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 286			Serial	2351
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	Author	Arnberger, A.; Brandenburg, C.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Preface			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	I-II
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 383			Serial	2266
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	Author	Hoglhammer, A., Muhar, A., Stokowski, P., Schauppenlehner, T.
	Title	Perceptions of individuals and organized stakeholders on immigrants’ barriers to nature-based recreation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	311-313
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Nature-based recreational areas provide important functions for today’s society.In particular, for people living in dense urban areas, outdoor nature-based areas offeropportunitiesfor recreation and relaxation and therefore support healthylifestyles, thus contributing to the physical and mental wellbeing of their users. Such spaces are usually open for the general public, though several access barriers have been identified for different user groups. Immigrants from non-western countries are recognized to be underrepresented in larger recreational areas, though often these people are very visible in public parks in cities.This underrepresentation has been recognized by recent scholars (Jay et al., 2012, Kloek, Buijs, Boersema, & Schouten, 2013), and several socio-economic, socio-spatial and ethnic cultural factors have beenidentified asdeterminants.As nature based recreation areas are often financed from public funds, decreasing such access barriers is a matter of social justice.
	Call Number				Serial	3957
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	Author	Brandenburg, C.; Tomek, H.; Lexer, W.; Reimoser, F.; Heckl, F.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Mountain bikers in forests and wildlife habitats			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	51-52
	Keywords	MMV5, mountain biker, participatory research, decision process, visitor monitoring, visitor management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 90			Serial	2702
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	Author	Schauppenlehner, T., Muhar, A., Höglhammer, A., Eder, R., Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	I AM HERE! Participatory exploration of the recreational behavior of adolescents using a multiple media approach			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	186-187
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 457			Serial	2901
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	Author	Taczanowska, K., Brandenburg, C., Schauppenlehner, T., Eder, R., Garcia-Massó, X., González, L., Toca-Herrera, J., Muhar, A.,
	Title	GPS-based data collection and analysis methods for better management of recreational areas			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	284-285
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 500			Serial	2944
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	Author	Hinterberger, B.; Arnberger, A.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	GIS-Supported Network Analysis of Visitor Flows in Recreational Areas			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-32
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	The application of GIS tools for visitor monitoring facilitates a profound analysis of visitor flow patterns. Giving a visual impression of the distribution of visitors within an area via maps, interpretation of visitor use data is much easier and better. Furthermore, a GIS also allows to determine and analyse quantitative parameters of visitor use such as trail and visitor density. These parameters can also be used to characterise and compare different areas within a park. With a standardised approach, also comparisons between parks can be realised. Therefore, GIS is increasingly used in the area of visitor monitoring to assist recreation planners and park managers in their everyday work. This paper demonstrates how a GIS-based trail network analysis was used in the framework of a visitor monitoring project in the Danube Flood Plains National Park, Austria.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 418			Serial	2272
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.; Brandenburg, C.; Arnberger, A.; Tomek, H.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	GIS as a tool supporting understanding of visitor flows in recreational areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	124-127
	Keywords	MMV5, GIS, visitor flows, spatial analysis, spatial behaviour, nature-based tourism, recreation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 224			Serial	2733
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	Author	Reichhart, T.; Arnberger, A.; Muhar, A.,
	Title	Assessing Trail Use Conditions Using Still Renderings and 3D Computer Animation			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	340-341
	Keywords	MMV3, Bicyclists, walkers, static, dynamic, 3D computer animation, still rendering, motion, social carrying capacity, character animation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 754			Serial	2500
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	Author	Taczanowska, K., Zieba, A., Hibner, J., Makaruk, W., Brandenburg, C., Muhar, A., Latosinska, B., Preisel, H., Gonzalez, L.M., Garcia, X., Toca-Herrera, J.L., Ziobrowski, S.
	Title	Application of GPS-tracking to analyse the spatial behaviour of cable car users – a case study from the summer season in the Tatra National Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	263-266
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The aim of this study was to explore the spatio-temporal distribution of visitors ina popular cable car destination -KasprowyWierchin the Tatra National Park. The main focus of this paper is the analysis of individual trip itineraries of the most numerous visitor group in the study area – cable car users purchasing return tickets.
	Call Number				Serial	3941
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