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Author  |
Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E., |
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Title |
Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale |
Type |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
114-119 |
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Keywords |
MMV2 |
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Abstract |
Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401 |
Serial |
2408 |
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Author |
Manning, R.E., |
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Title |
How Much is Too Much? Carrying Capacity of National Parks and Protected Areas |
Type |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 1 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
306-313 |
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Keywords |
MMV1 |
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Abstract |
Increasing recreational use of national parks and protected areas can impact natural and cultural resources and the quality of the visitor experience. Determining how much recreational use can ultimately be accommodated in a park or protected area is often addressed through the concept of carrying capacity. Contemporary approaches to carrying capacity – including the Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) framework developed by the U.S. National Park Service – rely on formulation of indicators and standards of quality of natural/cultural resources and the visitor experience. This paper describes the VERP framework and its application in the U.S. national park system, including a program of research designed to help formulate indicators and standards of quality. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 506 |
Serial |
2316 |
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Author |
More, T.A.; Manning, R.E., |
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Title |
The Public Functions of Parks and Protected Areas |
Type |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
294-298 |
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Keywords |
MMV2 |
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Abstract |
Establishing and managing protected areas throughout the world usually have been considered a governmental function. However, recent conservative political thinking in many developed countries has challenged the role of the public sector on all fronts. In Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States, government has been seen as a problem, while private enterprise is presented as the solution. Advocates of privatization argue that park services can be provided more efficiently under private management, and that the areas themselves will be better protected for future generations. Unfortunately, such a policy can foster elitism by preserving the benefits of parks and protected areas for the wealthy while ignoring the growing social inequality in many of these countries. In this paper, I examine the concepts that underlie privatization efforts, particularly economic efficiency. I suggest that there is a need to examine the different functions that parks and protected areas serve, and to ask if each function helps to differentiate between public and private. I argue that, in the final analysis, equality of access is the primary function of public-sector management of parks and that we need to examine our policies and practices to ensure that park benefits are distributed fairly throughout society. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 306 |
Serial |
2361 |
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