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	Author	Inge Vistad, O.; Vorkinn, M.,
	Title	Wilderness purism revisited: The value of a simplified standardised scale for monitoring purposes			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	69-72
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor monitoring, wilderness purism, standardized questions
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 74			Serial	2710
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	Author	Ingram, C.; Hughes, M.,
	Title	Managing the managers managing people: Lessons for recreation and water management in protected areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	298-299
	Keywords	MMV5, recreation, water catchments, planning, protected areas, climate change
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 194			Serial	2809
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	Author	Jay, M.; Schraml, U.,
	Title	Migrants’ perspectives on urban forests: the influence of a migration background on patterns of forest use and perception			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	43-44
	Keywords	MMV5, empirical social research, forest recreation, Germany, migration
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 98			Serial	2698
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	Author	Jodlowski, M.,
	Title	Climbers’ attitudes toward nature conservation and management in Tatra National Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	207-208
	Keywords	MMV5, management, attitudes, questionnaire survey, Tatra National Park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 258			Serial	2771
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	Author	Kernen, R.; Furrer, M.; Rupf, R.; Wernli, M.,
	Title	Visitor monitoring in the Protected Area Aletsch Forest			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	291-293
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor monitoring, visitor counting, Aletsch Forest, social carrying capacity
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 206			Serial	2806
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	Author	Kloek, M.; Schouten, M.,
	Title	Contemporary Dutch literature and nature images: Analyses of nature images in Dutch literature of autochthonous writers and allochtonous writers with a Moroccan background			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	45-46
	Keywords	MMV5, nature images, literature, ethnic groups, Morocco, the Netherlands
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 96			Serial	2699
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	Author	Lamers, M.; Gelter, H.,
	Title	Submerging in the Antarctic tourist experience: analysing the diverse expectations and experiences of diving and non-diving tourists in Antarctica			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	78-79
	Keywords	MMV5, tourist, experience, diversification, management, Antarctica
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 44			Serial	2713
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	Author	Landauer, M.; Fredman, P.,
	Title	Nature-based artificial recreation environments: typology, empirical correlates and implications			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	103-104
	Keywords	MMV5, artificial, outdoor recreation, nature tourism, commodification, authenticity
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 52			Serial	2724
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	Author	Mayer, M.,
	Title	Innovative cable-cars and ski-lifts in Western Austria – their diffusion and impact on mature alpine tourism markets			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	153-154
	Keywords	MMV5, innovation, tourism, cable-cars, ski-lifts, entrepreneurship, Austria
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 10			Serial	2745
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	Author	Nasa, M.; Emphandhu, D.; ,
	Title	Visitor perception of crowding at Doi Inthanon summit, Doi Inthanon National Park			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	157-159
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor perception, crowding, Doi Inthanon National Park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 16			Serial	2747
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	Author	Paat, E.; Reimann, M.,
	Title	Conflict between motorized and non-motorized: recreation in Soomaa National Park, Estonia			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	160-161
	Keywords	MMV5, motorized and non-motorized recreation, conflict, displacement, national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 14			Serial	2748
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	Author	Pellis, A.; Beunen, R.; Duineveld, M.,
	Title	Docile bodies in the park? A post-Foucauldian perspective on effective visitor management in natural parks			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	302-303
	Keywords	MMV5, power, time-space behaviour, Foucault, materialized morality, discipline, planning
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 190			Serial	2811
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	Author	Pouta, E.; Soini, K.; Vaarala, H.; Uusitalo, M.; Kivinen, T.,
	Title	Local residents’ sense of place, recreational use and perceptions of rural landscape			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	147-148
	Keywords	MMV5, recreational use of agricultural landscape, sense of place, landscape perceptions
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 164			Serial	2742
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	Author	Pouwels, R.; Sierdsema, H.; Aranyosi, A.; Van Eupen, M.; Henkens, R.,
	Title	Does recreation affect Natura2000 goals for breeding birds? A case study for the Veluwe			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	22-24
	Keywords	MMV5, recreation impact, birds, Natura2000, visitor distribution, regression analysis
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 280			Serial	2688
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	Author	Rosa, P.; Almeida, M.; Carvalhinho, L.,
	Title	Nature sports in natural places: a contribution to the management of protected areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	319-320
	Keywords	MMV5, protected areas, nature sports, management models, visitor management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 130			Serial	2818
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	Author	Sayuti Hassan, M.; Ibrahim, Y.,
	Title	Monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas: use and abuse of nature areas in Taman Negara (National Park) Pahang, Malaysia			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	173-174
	Keywords	MMV5, tourism, protected area, tourism management, visitor satisfaction, Taman Negara
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 20			Serial	2754
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	Author	Schouten, M.,
	Title	Wildlife reserves: sanctuaries, commons or commodities?			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	18-18
	Keywords	MMV5
	Abstract	Nature does not know itself as nature. We perceive it as such. And in that perception we project our images of nature. Such images are social constructs that vary in time and between cultures: nature as the enemy, nature as a resource, nature as an uncorrupted domain…..
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 216			Serial	2686
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	Author	Siegrist, D.; Clivaz, C.; Gessner, S.; Manz, M.; Rinkel, A.; Rupf, R.; Stumm, N.; Wernli, M.,
	Title	VISIMAN. Development of a flexible visitor management tool for national and regional natural parks			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	58-60
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor management, visitor monitoring, parks and protected areas, management tool, IT
	Abstract	Within the scope if the VISIMAN project a new ITbased tool for visitor management in national and regional natural parks will be developed. The product comprises a systembased management platform with interfaces to the four functional units: ‘visitor information’, ‘expert information’, ‘visitor monitoring’, and ‘data management’. By keeping the interfaces open, the management can be extended for other functional units and applications on demand. Visitor monitoring was implemented and counting methods advanced.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 84			Serial	2705
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	Author	Sievänen, T.; Neuvonen, M.; Pouta, E.,
	Title	Nation-wide outdoor recreation demand monitoring			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	270-272
	Keywords	MMV5, recreation inventory, population survey, trends
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 200			Serial	2799
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	Author	Sijtsma, F.J.; Daams, M.; Van der Sluis, S.,
	Title	Nature on TV: deep interests on flat screens			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	258-259
	Keywords	MMV5, nature, experience, television, real visits, favorite sites, geography
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 118			Serial	2794
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	Author	Sijtsma, M.T.J.; Vaske, J.J.; Jacobs, M.H.,
	Title	Acceptability of lethal control of geese and deer that damage agriculture in the Netherlands			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	219-220
	Keywords	MMV5, wildlife value orientations, lethal control, human-wildlife conflict
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 248			Serial	2776
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	Author	Soliva, R.; Hunziker, M.,
	Title	Landscape scenarios for the Swiss Alps			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	323-324
	Keywords	MMV5, mountain agriculture, market liberalisation, wilderness development, landscape preferences
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 126			Serial	2820
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	Author	Tapaninen, M.,
	Title	Sustainable tourism development strategy as a tool to improve destination management: case Oulanka National Park, Finland			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	168-169
	Keywords	MMV5, sustainability, nature-based tourism, limits of acceptable change (LAC), national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 28			Serial	2752
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	Author	Tonge, J.; Moore, S.A.; Beckley, L.; Ryan, M.,
	Title	“Everybody’s happy” – place attachment and visitors to the Ningaloo Reef, north-western Australia			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	149-150
	Keywords	MMV5, place attachment, Ningaloo Marine Park, photo-elicitation, emotional motivation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 162			Serial	2743
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	Author	Toyama, M.; Take, M.; Aikoh, T.; Kadekaru, T.; Terasaki, T.,
	Title	The frequency of scraping trees by kayaking in mangrove estuary in Okinawa, Japan			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	27-28
	Keywords	MMV5, kayaking, kayakers’ behavior, ecological impact, guided tour
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 274			Serial	2690
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	Author	Twardock, P.; Monz, C.; Smith, M.,
	Title	Assessing resource conditions and visitor preferences of backcountry campsites in Western Prince William Sound			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	105-106
	Keywords	MMV5, recreation ecology, campsite impacts, visitor preferences, Prince William Sound, Alaska
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 50			Serial	2725
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	Author	Viganò, G.; Mottironi, C.; Antonioli, M.,
	Title	Managerial implications for the supply of tourism services in protected areas: an empirical analysis of the Italian case			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	179-180
	Keywords	MMV5, tourism services, management, protected areas
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 18			Serial	2757
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	Author	Wachowicz, M.; Maldonado, A.; Vazquez Hoehne, A.,
	Title	MovementMapper: the movement simulation of visitors in nature areas			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	134-135
	Keywords	MMV5, movement analysis, trajectory simulation, movement surface, recreational activity
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 232			Serial	2737
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	Author	Yuan, M.,
	Title	The relationship between stated choice for recreation experience preferences and revealed activity choice			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	115-116
	Keywords	MMV5, experience preference, activity participation, revealed choice, rural tourism
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 36			Serial	2729
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	Author	De Vries, S.; Jellema, A.; Goossen, M.,
	Title	FORVISITS: modelling visitor flows at a regional level			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	78-84
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) is trying to develop a coherent set of indicators to monitor nature areas in the Netherlands. One of the proposed indicators is the recreational use of nature areas. Besides indicating the social value of a specific area, recreational use may be also be used as input for modelling habitat quality, another MNP-indicator. Recreational use itself is likely to depend on the attractiveness of the area, such as its scenic beauty. This attractiveness is yet another MNPindicator. Because the MNP wants a national overview of the recreation use of all nature areas, on-site monitoring is not a feasible option. Therefore we have started to develop a model to predict the number of recreational visits to forests and nature areas: FORVISITS. Although the model is still in its early stages, a first nation-wide application has taken place and will be presented.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 358			Serial	2387
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.,
	Title	Characteristics and Use Patterns of Visitors to Dispersed Areas of Urban National Forests			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	179-184
	Keywords	MMV2, Urban forests, use patterns, visitor perceptions, crowding, visitor characteristics, demographics, wilderness
	Abstract	Public recreation areas near large urban centers are experiencing increasing pressure from visitation, especially in undeveloped and wildland areas that are close to expanding population centers. Understanding the use patterns, characteristics, and perceptions of recreation visitors is critical to managing these areas for maximum sustainable benefits. Of the over 120 National Forests in the United States, eighteen have been officially designated as ‘Urban’, because of their proximity to large metropolitan areas. Sixteen of these forests have designated Wilderness areas within them. This paper examines the recreation visitors to the undeveloped portions of those National Forests. Key market segments of visitors are identified with respect to demographics, residence, annual use frequency, and visit duration. In addition, visitor perceptions of crowding and safety and their relationship with visitation levels are examined.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 366			Serial	2391
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Kocis, S.M.,
	Title	Designing a Sampling System for Concurrently Measuring Outdoor Recreation Visitation and Describing Visitor Characteristics			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-33
	Keywords	MMV2, National Visitor Use Monitoring, onsite sampling, sampling plan, use estimation, visitor characteristics, sample allocation
	Abstract	Two primary information needs for managing recreation areas and the visitors to those areas are: (1) good estimates of visitation volume, and (2) accurate descriptions of visitor characteristics, such as length of stay, frequency of visit, and primary activity. For National Forests in the United States of America with large undeveloped areas, efficient sampling for the two types of information may be to a large extent incompatible. Sampling plans that address visitation volume issues allocate most of the sample days to the largest and most internally variable strata. Sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics allocate sampling effort to locations that most efficiently provide visitor information, such as at developed sites. Additionally, sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics may need to ensure spatial or temporal dispersion of the sample, in order to ensure adequate representation of different visitor sub-groups. A method is demonstrated for allocating days into sampling strata which balances the contribution of sample days in improving the accuracy of the total visitation estimate with the contribution of the sample day to maximizing the quantity and dispersion of visitor information. The resulting sampling allocation provides an optimal solution to address both of the information needs through a single data collection effort. A second phase of the method addresses how to ensure spatial and temporal dispersion of sampling effort. Examples of applications on National Forests in the United States are provided.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 378			Serial	2397
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	Author	Grossmann, M.; Klaphake, A.; Meyerhoff, J.,
	Title	Canoes versus birds or canoeists versus canoeists? Combining interview survey and visitor monitoring to inform visitor management in the Mueritz National Park			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	277-284
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Intensive use of canoeing trails in national parks can impact both wildlife and the satisfaction of paddlers. This paper focuses on paddlers’ perception of congestion in the National Park Mueritz (Germany) and the effectiveness of different management options. Our theoretical discussion is based on the economics of congestion and the social science literature on carrying capacity of recreational resources. For the empirical application, we use interview survey and monitoring data. While our results suggest a high relevance of congestion on canoeists’ satisfaction, the acceptance of a quota system does not exceed 30 percent. We employ a statistical analysis to describe the effect of different use levels on the quality of the paddling experience. We further use the travel cost method for a rough prediction of the effect of pricing strategies (entrance fee) on use levels.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 302			Serial	2359
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	Author	Kajala, L.; Erkkonen, J.; Perttula, M.,
	Title	Measures for Developing Sustainability of Nature Tourism in Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	236-241
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Nature protection areas are often significant and attractive recreation areas and tourist destinations. In Finland, Metsähallitus manages most of state owned protected areas. Thus, Metsähallitus also has a significant responsibility for tourism development in these areas. As a part of a larger Metsähallitus project to promote sustainable nature tourism in protected areas, the organization has developed measures for estimating the environmental impacts of nature tourism in protected areas. The measures are derived from Metsähallitus’ nine principles of for sustainable nature tourism, including the aspects of ecological, socio-cultural, and economic sustainability. The indicators have been tested in six pilot areas across Finland. This article describes the process of developing indicators, and the ways in which the indicators are being and will be used through incorporating them into the overall planning process. Sustainability is approached by setting standards, i.e. defining the limits of acceptable change, for each indicator. While some of the indicators are ready to be used, further development and testing is still required.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 344			Serial	2380
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	Author	Keirle, I.; Stephens, M.,
	Title	Do walkers stay on footpaths? An observational study of Cwm Idwal in the Snowdonia National Park			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	143-148
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Access to the countryside of England and Wales is at present being extended through new powers created by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000). This has for the first time introduced a statutory right of open access to areas designated on maps as mountain (land situated above 600m), moor, heath, down or registered common land. This paper considers the behaviour of visitors in relation to whether they choose to exert their ‘right to roam’ at Cwm Idwal, a popular mountain area located within the Snowdonia National Park in north Wales where access to open countryside is de facto (through custom). The study used an observational technique to establish the distribution and group size of visitors over a pre-defined observation area. The results showed that visitors predominantly stayed on paths with only 9.5% of groups of size twelve deviating from linear access routes.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 389			Serial	2402
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	Author	Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.,
	Title	Affects of Road Sign Wording on Visitor Survey – Non-Response Bias			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	34-37
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	On-site visitor interviewer data collection is a key component of the USDA Forest Service National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program. In many areas, especially higher speed roads and roads with non-recreation traffic, many vehicles may not stop for an interview. Wording on the sign may condition non-recreation visitors to self-select as to whether or not they decide to stop for an interview. Since the primary purpose of the interview is to calibrate a mechanical traffic counter, such behavior can lead to bias in the resulting visitation estimate. Non-response bias of national forest traffic was examined by using four different wordings for road signs during NVUM interview days. The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with each treatment (sign) being applied to five different road locations (blocks). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if any particular sign wording significantly affected (1) the rate of visitor response and (2) the mix of visitors who stopped for interviews. Data analysis show that the total number of all interviews obtained, the proportion of interviews obtained to overall traffic, and the proportion of non-recreation interviews obtained were different using different sign wording. The total number of recreation interviews obtained and the proportion of recreation interviews obtained were not different statistically.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 380			Serial	2398
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	Author	Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E.,
	Title	Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	114-119
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401			Serial	2408
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	Author	McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J.,
	Title	Development of a Values-based Approach to Managing Recreation on Canadian Crown Lands			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	285-293
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	A key issue in sustainability is understanding the values of a particular place that are to be conserved. While many of the natural resource values of protected areas are mandated, values associated with public use and recreation are frequently less clearly defined and often hotly contested. Public involvement processes are often used to elicit these values and a number of mostly survey-based approaches have been developed to achieve this. However, theoretical considerations concerning the nature of values and the processes of value formation have brought into question whether survey approaches on their own are the most appropriate way of understanding values. Consideration of public use and recreation values brings into play many of the issues surrounding place attachment and place identification. People value places because they symbolize something, because they have histories and memories associated with them, because they are interwoven in the stories we tell our self and others about who we are, and because they are rhetorical methods of making arguments for managing a place in one way or another. These ideas center on ‘meaning-based” rather than “information processing” models of value formation. In this context, values are seen as discursive constructions, which are continuously being contested and reconstructed through political dialogue. It is argued that a ‘meaning-based’ approach to value formation is better suited to the developing models of collaborative planning than are the expert-driven, rational decision-making models that have dominated natural area planning. This paper describes a planning approach, which seeks to combine both interpretive approaches to data collection (narratives and value mapping) and survey methods in the elicitation of values attached to a working forest. A process will be detailed that links the characteristics of an area with the spatial distribution of values ascribed to the same area utilizing GIS and photo-mosaic representations. The case study area discussed in this paper is the Dog River/Matawin area of North Western Ontario. Application of this approach to forest planning will be discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 304			Serial	2360
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	Author	Payne, R.J.; McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Moore, J.; Bradford, L.; Elliott, S.,
	Title	Recreation Experience Preferences and Activity Profiles in a Crown Forest Landscape in Ontario, Canada			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	164-170
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	The use of public forested areas in Ontario, Canada is governed by the Crown Forest Sustainability Act that directs the management authority, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), to ensure that forest operations co-exist with other uses of the forest, especially recreation and tourism. Implementing these legislative requirements has been difficult for the OMNR: it lacks data on recreation and tourism; it lacks readily available social scientific expertise; and it lacks the necessary integrative model. The larger project of which this work is a part, focussing on the Dog River-Matawin Forest, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario and immediately east of Quetico Provincial Park, is designed to address several of these gaps. This paper seeks to answer two of the many questions concerning how people use the forest for recreation and tourism purposes: what motivates different users and how do those motivations relate to activity profiles. Our findings indicate that four distinct experience preference groups exist among the 1,556 people who used the forest for recreation and tourism purposes. When these groups are compared with four distinct activity profiles, we make connections that, when mapped (a future phase of the work), begin to indicate areas where potential conflicts might occur with forest operations or with other recreation activities. We conclude by noting that, while knowledge about how people use the forest is interesting in itself, both an integrative framework and a scientifically-capable Ministry of Natural Resources are needed if that knowledge is to find its way into management actions to implement the requirements of Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 395			Serial	2405
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	Author	Pouta, E.; Sievänen, T.; Neuvonen, M.,
	Title	Profiling recreational users of national parks, national hiking areas and wilderness areas in Finland			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	347-354
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Finland’s national parks, wilderness areas and national hiking areas play an important role in tourism and recreation, in addition to their primary purpose of nature conservation. Very little attention has been paid by research to the factors that influence the use of these state-owned areas by different segments of the population. The results of logistic and negative binomial regression models based on population-survey data indicate that the users of these state-owned recreation areas have a higher than average level of education and are more likely to be white-collar employees. The users were typically enthusiasts of particular forms of outdoor recreation, above all skiing and camping. The availability of state-owned recreation areas in the home municipality increased the likelihood of using them. The number of user days spent in these areas tended to be larger among those whose permanent residence was in eastern Finland or in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. Small-sized household and abundance of leisure time also increased the amount of use.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 324			Serial	2370
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