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	Author	Buchecker, M.; Frick, J.,
	Title	Local Residents’ Relationship towards their Nearby Outdoor Recreation Areas			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	239-240
	Keywords	MMV3, Outdoor recreation, quality of life, requirements, landscape management, survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 692			Serial	2469
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	Author	Degenhardt, B.; Buchecker, M.,
	Title	Landscape Planning for Nearby Outdoor Recreation – Implications from an Exploratory Interview Study			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	241-242
	Keywords	MMV3, Nearby outdoor recreation, recovery, work load, strain, motive, behavioural resource, landscape management, peri-urban
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 694			Serial	2470
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	Author	Henkens, R.J.H.G.; Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Visschedijk, P.A.M.,
	Title	Development of a Zoning Instrument for Visitor Management in Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	243-245
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreation, visitor, breeding birds, protected area, Natura 2000, disturbance, impact, zoning, nature management, PROGRESS
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 696			Serial	2471
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	Author	Spiess, H.; Mönnecke, M.; Wasem, K.; Kümin, D.,
	Title	Local Recreational Areas: Accounting for Peoples’ Needs in the Development and Selection of Planning Instruments			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	253-258
	Keywords	MMV3, Local recreation, leisure-trends, peri-urbanisation, planning instruments, landscape planning, landscape development concept, spatial planning, sustainable development
	Abstract	The goal of the ‘ANAP’ research project is to indicate how peoples’ needs for and expectations towards local recreation areas can be met by the means of employing different planning instruments. An in-depth analysis of the available literature reveals what people actually require and expect and the functional capacity of the planning instruments is illustrated by four case studies. Evaluation of these case studies not only gives rise to recommendations concerning the future implementation of the various planning instruments, it also yields proposals for improving their performance in future development phases. Peri-urbanisation leads to the rapid disappearance of attractive open landscapes in built-up areas. As a result, there is less space available for local recreational purposes, and people have to travel increasingly far to find the kind of landscape they are looking for. In order to tackle and hopefully improve this situation in the long term, adequate instruments for controlling the way landscapes are developed within built-up areas are absolutely essential. This research project aims to show how the different planning instruments can be implemented to achieve best outcomes for people seeking decent recreational areas. The planning instruments selected and developed have to be aimed at preserving an attractive landscape. The insights gained from this research provide the basis for recommendations concerning the future implementation of planning instruments, as well as for their future development. The project ‘ANAP’ is a cooperative project between the ‘Research Centre for Leisure, Tourism and Landscape’ (FTL) at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil (HSR), and the ‘Institute for Sustainable Development’ (INE) at the University of Applied Sciences in Winterthur (ZHW). Other project partners include the Federal Research Institute for Forestry, Snow and Landscape (WSL), Green City Zurich (GSZ), Cantonal Agency for Spatial Planning and Survey of Zurich (ARV), Cantonal Agency for Waste, Water, Energy and Air of the Canton of Zurich (AWEL), and the Cantonal Agency for Spatial Planning of the Canton of Basle. Activities have started in 2003 and will end in 2006.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 700			Serial	2473
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	Author	Junker, B.; Buchecker, M.,
	Title	Recreation Interests and Participation in River Restoration Projects			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	266-267
	Keywords	MMV3, Public participation, river restoration, land-use conflict, public acceptance, social sustainability, water resources management, case studies
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 706			Serial	2476
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	Author	Freuler Benjamin; Hunziker, M.; Gutscher, H.,
	Title	Snowshoeing in Protected Areas: Bridging the Gap between Attitude and Behaviour			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	293-294
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreational conflicts, social influence, attitude-behaviour consistency, snowshoeing, protected areas, quasi-experimental design
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 724			Serial	2485
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	Author	Hunziker, M.; Zeidenitz, C.,
	Title	Outdoor Leisure Activities: Motivation, Attitudes and Strategies Promoting Responsible Behaviour towards Nature and Landscape			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	295-297
	Keywords	MMV3, Leisure, outdoor activities, motivations, attitudes, behaviour, social science, qualitative and quantitative methods, intervention experiments
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 726			Serial	2486
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	Author	Wasem, K.; Mönnecke, M.,
	Title	Outdoor Activities in Nature and Landscape – Practice-Oriented Solutions			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	300-302
	Keywords	MMV3, Outdoor activities, nature sports, good practice examples, sensitisation, environmental communication, conflict resolution, success factors, toolbox
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 730			Serial	2488
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	Author	Hunt, L.M.; Kushneriuk, R.; Lester, N.,
	Title	Developing Agent-Based Models of Recreational Behaviours at a Landscape Scale: The Case of Recreational Fishing in Northern Ontario			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	307-308
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreational fishing, agent-based model, landscape scale, repeated nested logit
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 734			Serial	2490
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	Author	Kiser, B.C.; Lawson, S.R.; Itami, R.M.,
	Title	Using Computer Simulation Modeling to Monitor the Multiple Dimensions of Wilderness Solitude in Great Smoky Mountains National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	309-310
	Keywords	MMV3, Computer simulation, monitoring, wilderness, wilderness solitude, Great Smoky Mountains National Park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 736			Serial	2491
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	Author	Poe, A.; Gimblett, R.H.; Goldstein, M.I.; Guertin, P.,
	Title	Evaluating Spatiotemporal Interactions between Winter Recreation and Wildlife Using Agent-Based Simulation Modeling on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	311-312
	Keywords	MMV3, Wilderness management, agent-based simulation, recreation behaviour, geographic information systems, spatial/temporal patterns
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 738			Serial	2492
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	Author	Inge Vistad, O.; Vorkinn, M.,
	Title	Wilderness purism revisited: The value of a simplified standardised scale for monitoring purposes			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	69-72
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor monitoring, wilderness purism, standardized questions
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 74			Serial	2710
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	Author	Campbell, M.J.,
	Title	Monitoring Trail Use with Digital Still Cameras: Strengths, Limitations and Proposed Resolutions			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	317-321
	Keywords	MMV3, Monitoring, digital camera, data management, activity identification
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 742			Serial	2494
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	Author	Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Visschedijk, P.A.M.,
	Title	MASOOR: The Power to Know – A Story About the Development of an Intelligent and Flexible Monitoring Instrument			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	347-350
	Keywords	MMV3, Agent based modelling, MASOOR, recreation, visitor, nature management
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 758			Serial	2502
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	Author	Yamanaka, R.; Murai, M.; Inoue, Y.; Fujiwara, S.,
	Title	Spatio-Temporal Variations of Visitors of Recreational Shellfish-Gathering at an Artificial Beach in Tokyo Bay			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	356-359
	Keywords	MMV3, Shellfish-gathering, Uminokouen, Ruditapes philippinarum, image analysis, video camera, visitor impact
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 762			Serial	2504
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	Author	Dehez, J.; Rambonilaza, M.,
	Title	Economic Analysis of Recreation by Tourists on Protected Coastal Zones: A French Case			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	387-388
	Keywords	MMV3, Economics, recreation, tourism, attribute-based method, non-market goods valuation, management costs, coastal zones
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 788			Serial	2517
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Cordell, H.K.; Green, G.,
	Title	Estimating Recreation Market Share for National Forests			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	389-390
	Keywords	MMV3, Land management, land use, recreation activity, recreation resources, market share
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 790			Serial	2518
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	Author	Huhtala, M.T.,
	Title	Assessment of Local Economic Impacts of Recreation: The Case of Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	393-394
	Keywords	MMV3, Economic impacts, recreation, visitor expenditure, input-output analysis
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 794			Serial	2520
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	Author	Reimann, M.; Lamp, M.-L.,
	Title	How Involvement and Economical Benefits can Change Local Residents’ Attitudes of Nature Conservation and Tourism: Karula National Park, Estonia			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	397-398
	Keywords	MMV3, Community-based tourism, public involvement, national park development, attitudes, perceptions, impacts
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 798			Serial	2522
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	Author	Jacobs, M.H.,
	Title	Images of Nature as Sources of Conflict			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	407-408
	Keywords	MMV3, Images of nature, nature policy, nature management, perception of nature
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 806			Serial	2526
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	Author	Takahashi, M.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	Visitor Conflicts and their Resolution for Forest and Park Management in Jozankei National forest, Japan			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	423-424
	Keywords	MMV3, Forest and Park management, visitor conflict, Jozankei National Forest, questionnaire survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 819			Serial	2532
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	Author	Amzil, L.; Berriane, M.,
	Title	Tourism in Biosphere Reserves: Genesis of a Territorial Issue Case of Ida-ou-tanane, in the High Atlas Mountain (South-West of Morocco)			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	438-439
	Keywords	MMV3, Biosphere Reserve Arganeraie, genesis, tourism attitudes, monitoring, High Atlas Mountain, Morocco
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 827			Serial	2536
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	Author	Siegrist, D.; Clivaz, C.; Gessner, S.; Manz, M.; Rinkel, A.; Rupf, R.; Stumm, N.; Wernli, M.,
	Title	VISIMAN. Development of a flexible visitor management tool for national and regional natural parks			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	58-60
	Keywords	MMV5, visitor management, visitor monitoring, parks and protected areas, management tool, IT
	Abstract	Within the scope if the VISIMAN project a new ITbased tool for visitor management in national and regional natural parks will be developed. The product comprises a systembased management platform with interfaces to the four functional units: ‘visitor information’, ‘expert information’, ‘visitor monitoring’, and ‘data management’. By keeping the interfaces open, the management can be extended for other functional units and applications on demand. Visitor monitoring was implemented and counting methods advanced.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 84			Serial	2705
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	Author	Moore, J.; McIntyre, N.; Robson, M.; Lemelin, R.H.; Hunt, L.M.,
	Title	3D Computer Visualizations to Incorporate Recreational Use and Values into Forest Management Planning for Ontario Crown Lands			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	467-468
	Keywords	MMV3, 3D visualization, public participation, recreation management, forest management planning, computer simulation, Geographic Information Systems, landscape images
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 851			Serial	2548
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	Author	Steiner Ly, Y.; Plattner, M.,
	Title	“Naturschutzdienst BL”: Experiences from a New Project in the Canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	481-482
	Keywords	MMV3, Rangers, management project, visitor information, protected areas, nature reserves, Switzerland
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 863			Serial	2554
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	Author	Strehler Perrin, C.; Gmür, P.; Achermann, M.; Alfter, P.,
	Title	Quantitative and Qualitative Monitoring of Public Attendance in Natural Preserves on the Southern Shore of Lake Neuchâtel (CH): A Necessary Tool to Manage Public Information and Prevent Infractions			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	483-484
	Keywords	MMV3, Eco-meter, tourism, attendance, natural preserve, bicycle paths, infractions, information, public
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 865			Serial	2555
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	Author	Warnken, J.; Leon, M.,
	Title	Estimating Anchor Site Usage and Potential Pollution Loads for Recreational Vessels in Moreton Bay Marine Park Using Aerial Surveys			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	502-503
	Keywords	MMV3, Recreational vessels, marine protected area, use, model
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 875			Serial	2560
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	Author	Sanesi, G.; Fiore, M.; Colangelo, G.; Lafortezza, R.,
	Title	Monitoring visitor-flows in Tuscany’s forests: preliminary results and clues			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	40-44
	Keywords	MMV4, Protected area – Forest resources – Environmental indicators – Forest Information System – Tuscany Region
	Abstract	In 2006, the Tuscany Region through its Agency for Agriculture and Forestry (ARSIA) has lunched a tool supporting the process of planning and managing forest areas within the region: RAFT – “RApporto sullo stato delle Foreste in Toscana” – Report on the status of Tuscany forests. The RAFT aims to monitor the status of forests and their main functions and services in relation to ecological and social aspects. This monitoring process has now reached its third year. Within the theme of “Environment and society”, the RAFT has analysed a number of indicators (following the P-S-R framework) related to the flows of visitors in Tuscany’s forests. Analyses show the relevance of forest areas in the region especially within protected areas. In this paper, we report a brief description of the RAFT and the some preliminary results related to the analysis of past and current flows of visitors in protected areas and hunting sites. We discuss the main strengths and the weaknesses associated with the past and current policies for managing visitors’ flows and propose new strategies to disseminate information and attract visitors during different seasons.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 894			Serial	2569
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	Author	Campbell, M.J.; Walker, D.,
	Title	The future of recreation ecology in Canada: go big or go home?			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	47-52
	Keywords	MMV4, Big science and multi disciplinary teams, necessity and inevitability of impacts, recreation ecology, recreation habitats
	Abstract	In Canada, tension between the reaction to the declining number of visitors to protected areas and the potential for unmitigated impacts of the attendant attempts to increase visitation, highlights the need for an expansion of the role of recreation ecology from merely chronicling impacts to, what might hopefully be termed, “optimizing” them. Despite over four decades of significant growth and development internationally, recreation ecology remains a somewhat obscure discipline in Canada. At MMV-3 Marion (1) identified a small group of “active” recreation ecology researchers in Canada many of whose work was an extension of their primary research purpose. Indeed most researchers working in recreation ecology in Canada are unlikely to view themselves as recreational ecologists, but in terms of their source disciplines (Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Geography). As such, recreation ecology in Canada is often an avocation reflecting the intersection of the researchers’ primary interest with an opportunity presented or identified by park managers. One result of this has been an almost exclusive focus on impacts with all its attendant negative associations. Impacts associated with outdoor recreation have been recognized as inevitable (2). I would argue that they are also necessary and that much outdoor recreation cannot take place without impacts. Recent research on recreational habitats in remote areas of northern Canada highlighted the importance of impacted nodes and corridors to recreational activity (3). The rearguard action we have been engaged in with the focus on previously impacted sites has prevented the effective application of recreation ecology to as yet “undiscovered” recreation areas and the optimization of impacts for recreation. Doing so will require an investment in “big science” incorporating multi-disciplinary teams. This will be challenging given that recreation ecology has struggled to be funded even at “small science” levels, particularly so in Canada, where it falls between the cracks of the national granting councils.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 896			Serial	2570
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	Author	Magro, T.C.; Santiago, C.D.M.; Robim, M.D.J.,
	Title	Finding a balance: applied ecology is not a second-class research			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	55-56
	Keywords	MMV4, Applied research, recreation ecology, research financial support
	Abstract	Nevertheless the recreation ecology research provides answers to current environmental and social problems; we need a challenge to gains social recognition. The consequences of not been positively evaluated in academic circles and in governmental financing agencies is that the research institutions staff who also have charge of protected areas are not being able to request financial support for research.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 902			Serial	2573
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	Author	Van Der Donk, M.,
	Title	Ten years of experience in providing wilderness experience opportunities in Europe’s certified PAN Parks			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	77-77
	Keywords	MMV4, Wilderness, network, experiences, Europe, tourism
	Abstract	Today ten years ago, the first steps were taken to realise a marriage between conservation and the tourism industry in the most important wilderness areas of Europe. This initiative awards wilderness areas that meet the highest standards of management for conservation and sustainable tourism development strategies with the PAN Parks quality seal. It can be considered as a gold standard for well- managed protected areas. Based on the PAN Parks principles and criteria and the verification reports, park managers are encouraged to increase the management effectiveness of their protected areas and to plan, provide and maintain high quality recreation opportunities inside the park. Five principles make up the PAN Parks verification scheme, three of which deal with visitor experiences: Visitor management (principle 3), Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy (Principle 4), and Partnerships (Principle 5). Tourism development is used as a means to give economic value to wilderness areas and to create support for conservation. By creating unique and high quality opportunities for wildernessbased recreation, the marriage has proven to be successful as it results in benefits for nature, for communities in and around the protected area and in unique experience opportunities for visitors. This is measured by using mixed methodologies in the Analysis of Perceptions and Attitudes (APA) studies done in 3 of the certified areas. After ten years of working on the development and implementation of the concept in different European countries that cope with different and similar opportunities and obstacles, we can draw interesting lessons learned. Among them: The value of the network and the certificate to the park, local businesses and local people, the principles and criteria as management tools for planning and managing of tourism, providing the (certified) European wilderness experience for different types of tourists, generating revenues through tourism, communication and cooperation with stakeholders
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 916			Serial	2580
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	Author	Jodlowski, M.; Depta, L.; Wójcik, P.,
	Title	Climbing impact on the relief and vegetation of the Tatra National Park			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	85-85
	Keywords	MMV4, Tatra National Park, climbing impact, relief, vegetation
	Abstract	The Tatra Mts. are the only high-mountain range in Poland, protected as a national park since 1954. The environment of rock cliffs, and especially the vegetation is unique within the mountain ecosystem. However, harsh environmental conditions result in high level of ecosystem vulnerability. In the Tatra National Park climbing activity encompasses all of its disciplines: sport climbing on equipped routes, both short and multi-pitched, traditional climbing as well as the alpine climbing. Recently, new climbing disciplines, such as dry-tooling and bouldering, have also became popular. The climbing impact has been a subject to competitive debate between national park managers, naturalists and climbers, although it has been relatively weakly studied. This study focuses on the landscape changes resulting from climbing activities on the cliff ecosystems located in forest, subalpine and alpine geoecological belts, both on carbonate and crystalline substrate. Within some crags climbing activity is permitted by law, however the others are a subject to illegal exploration. The basis for this study was surveying the existing climbing routes (and state of protection. e.g. bolts and pitons) as well as monitoring of the climbing intensity on specific crags. The landscape changes were identified by geomorphic mapping of cliffs and adjacent slopes as well as botanical studies. Observed landscape changes caused by climbers result mainly in mechanical damage of vegetation, growing instability of slope covers, and micro-relief alteration. The impact significantly differs with reference to climbing disciplines and geological substrate. The largest changes encompassing complete removal of vegetation layer and soil cover result from dry-tooling on limestone cliffs, whereas sport climbing on granite cliffs causes only limited removal of weathered rocks and restraining of lichens succession.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 920			Serial	2582
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	Author	Muñoz-Santos, M.; Benayas, J.,
	Title	Quality assessment of public use in National Parks. Application to the Spanish National Park System			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	112-115
	Keywords	MMV4, Visitor information and visitor management, Visitor monitoring methods, Public use quality
	Abstract	In recent years, we have observed how, worldwide, the goal of nature preservation has to be developed in a scenario of continuous increment in the number of visitors who are interested in experiencing PA resources, landscapes and stories. Spain is a good example of this process. It’s estimated that the whole Spanish PA receive over 50 million visitors a year, ten of them to the National Park System. The progressive influx of visitors in a short period of time has made administrations and managers to offer and develop a broad network of facilities and programs in order to provide these visitors with information, knowledge and recreation. But, are we doing it in the best way? In this context, this investigation defines an evaluation tool to asses the quality of public use programs developed in National Parks which has been applied to the Spanish National Park System, and could be applied to other parks and systems. It examines different trends and provides with some future recommendations.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 936			Serial	2590
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	Author	Hunziker, M.; Schletti, D.,
	Title	How to involve retailers into sensitization of end-users for ecologically responsible behavior – results of a snow-shoe-seller survey			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	116-120
	Keywords	MMV4, ecological conflicts, outdoor recreation, persuasion, questionnaire, theory of planned behavior
	Abstract	The outdoor activity snow-shoe walking is experiencing an increase in popularity and is more and more frequently practiced. This tendency represents a desirable development of soft tourism, contributes to the regional economical development of remote areas and enables people to experience pure nature. However, snow-shoe walking is rather problematic from the perspective of nature conservation. Therefore, the willingness of snow-shoe walkers to change their behavior has been investigated in several studies. One opportunity to influencing the behavior of snow-shoe walkers is when they buy or rent the snow shoes. However, the question remained whether shop owners and their staff are willing to adopt this role. The aim of our study was to answer this question and to identify the drivers of their willingness to contribute to persuading snow-shoe walkers to behave in an ecologically responsible way. A questionnaire was sent to 754 sports shops in Switzerland to measure the willingness to apply measures of persuasion and to measure the drivers of this willingness. The questionnaire data show that the willingness to contribute to persuasion campaigns is rather small. In particular, the potential for participation in the persuasion work is quite low for contributions that require high efforts or costs,. The variables “subjectively perceived social norms”, “attitude to the behavior” and “attitude to information about the protection of nature and landscape” represent the strongest predictors of the willingness to contribute to the campaign. On the basis of the results, suggestions for measures to persuade snow-shoe sellers to support persuasion of snow-shoe walkers were developed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 940			Serial	2591
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	Author	Bråtå, H.O.; Moranduzzo, M.,
	Title	Managing and monitoring allowance for new second homes in the Rondane Region, Norway			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	129-133
	Keywords	MMV4, Common pool resource, regional planning, Rondane, second homes, wild reindeer
	Abstract	The Rondane mountain region, in South-East Norway, is very popular for recreational purposes. The region is also the habitat for 4500 wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The reindeer are hunted in controlled forms as part of the area management and harvesting of nature. This rural region suffers from decreasing population figures, reduced agricultural activity and declining economic activity in general. Boosting economic activity by increasing tourism, especially in second homes, is thought to be one way of mitigating this decline. Increased recreational activity may however negatively influence a sustainable development of the wild reindeer herd. In order to manage this possibly conflicting interest, local and regional authorities in 1991 set up a regional development plan, covering relevant parts of 14 municipalities in the Hedmark and Oppland counties. Research indicates that taken actions to some extent have managed to balance increase in tourism and protect vital space for wild reindeer. Still, the exact localization of existing and new second homes, and hence the development of new interventions, was until some years ago, not possible to analyse at an aggregated level. Such monitoring is important. A Norwegian real estate register, mapping the exact geographic position of buildings and their year of construction, has however become an important means for such monitoring. By the end of 2005 there were about 18,000 second homes mapped in the region. Increased GIS knowledge has now made it possible to develop detailed analysis of localization of second homes, i.e. distance from the wild reindeer core area, and analyse the development by statistic tools. This is a breakthrough and is anticipated to influence the management of the region and strengthen the potential for balancing economic activity and maintenance of biological diversity.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 944			Serial	2593
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Bowker, J.M.,
	Title	Trap shyness in onsite visitor surveys; evidence from the U.S			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	135-138
	Keywords	MMV4, Estimation bias, onsite surveys, recreation visitation, trap shyness
	Abstract	In onsite surveys of visitors, whether the purpose is estimating visitation volume or characteristics of the visit population, those who visit the area multiple times per year are candidates to be surveyed more than one time. In such surveys, each visit represents a unique sampling unit. However, individuals may be unwilling to be surveyed after the first contact. The phenomenon is similar to ‘trap shyness’ in wildlife studies wherein an animal learns to avoid traps after the initial experience. If trap shyness exists, it has the potential to bias the results for either or both visitation estimation or describing the average visit characteristics. There is some anecdotal evidence that trap shyness does exist, and could be problematic for long-term surveys such as the National Visitor Use Monitoring program used by the US Forest Service. This paper describes the conceptual framework for how trap shyness can affect both visitation estimates and visit characteristics, identify empirical hypotheses to be tested that provide evidence of trap shyness, present results for the hypotheses, and describe possible improvements to sampling processes that could determine it existence and extent. Data for the paper come from onsite surveying collected during the period October 2004 – September 2007 for about three dozen National Forests.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 948			Serial	2595
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	Author	Itami, R.M.,
	Title	Level of sustainable activity: bottom up vessel traffic management			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	155-159
	Keywords	MMV4, Vessel Traffic Management, Level of Sustainable Activity, RBSim, Recreation Behaviour Simulation, Bottom Up Decision Making
	Abstract	This paper presents a decision-making framework called “Level of Sustainable Activity”(LSA) which is a user-based approach to vessel traffic planning and management of high volume multiple use urban waterways. The method is adapted from the US Federal Highway Administrations “Level of Service” for traffic capacity. However the LSA framework links user estimates of traffic density to quality of service objects and a risk management framework to identify social and environmental risk factors. The results of the method are then used to interpret simulations of existing and projected use for making management decisions. The LSA framework was developed to define traffic capacity to urban waterways, however a spinoff of the method has been improved stakeholder buy-in into the process and a much stronger basis for management decision making. This is a direct result of the “bottom up” approach taken to both developing behavioural simulation models and the methods of obtaining information from users for populating and validating the simulation model. This paper advocates the LSA approach for a wider range of management applications by taking a user-based approach for describing existing conditions, projecting future growth, identifying key issues, and developing management actions. A case study of a vessel traffic management plan for Hobson’s Bay in Melbourne, Australia is used to demonstrate the concepts described in this paper.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 956			Serial	2599
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	Author	Kloek, M.; Schouten, M.,
	Title	Contemporary Dutch literature and nature images: Analyses of nature images in Dutch literature of autochthonous writers and allochtonous writers with a Moroccan background			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	45-46
	Keywords	MMV5, nature images, literature, ethnic groups, Morocco, the Netherlands
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 96			Serial	2699
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	Author	Rupf, R.; Wernli, M.; Haller, R.,
	Title	How to elaborate precise visitor numbers?			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	161-164
	Keywords	MMV4, Acoustic slab sensor, calibration, visitor census, visitor monitoring, Swiss National Park
	Abstract	Visitor numbers and visitor distribution are required information for various management tasks of recreational areas. Automatic data collection is a low-price opportunity to obtain data. The main problem of automatic methods is data precision. In the Swiss National Park, automatic visitor counting with acoustic slab sensors started in 2005. As precision did not appear to be satisfactory, the counting problems were investigated. Sensor installation strictly followed the instruction manuals given and fine tuning during the calibration period led to a deviance of 5%. Precise counting data resulted in the sum of persons counted whereas direction separated data was not as precise. Recommendations for counting site selection, installation and calibration counting are given.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 960			Serial	2601
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	Author	Colas, S.; Fitton, M.; Thaxter, P.,
	Title	The progress project: the dynamics of involving the public in managing Peri-Urban Forests			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	165-168
	Keywords	MMV4
	Abstract	The EU Forest Action Plan gives special emphasis to the benefits of Urban and Peri-urban forests for public recreation and as an aid to public understanding of conservation issues. At the same time forest and green recreation is being promoted in national agendas because of perceived therapeutic benefits. This strong promotion of forest recreation has re-kindled the concerns that recreation use would damage the resource and have major detrimental impact on biodiversity. The PROGRESS project, which focussed on two peri-urban forests in England and France, offered the opportunity to review these issues.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 962			Serial	2602
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