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Author Breiby, M.A.; Selvaag, S.K.; Oian, H.; Duedahl, E.; Lerfald, B.,
Title Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 168-169
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In the process of developing local visitor strategies for the Norwegian Protected Areas within 2020, the intention is to facilitate for better visitor experiences and improve local economies related to tourism, without affecting the conservation values (Norwegian Environment Agency, 2015). Hence, protected areas have become more closely connected to their economic and social environments, with an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes (e.g., Hidle, 2019; Puhakka & Saarinen, 2013). This case study involves a mountain municipality with two of the largest national parks in Norway, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane-Dovre. More than 73% of the municipalitys area has protection status. As protection regulations restrict tourism development within the borders of the park, the governmental policy is to encourage tourism development in the edge zones. However, recently the government has asked each national park to develop individual visitor strategies in order to allow for extended tourism activities within the borders of the national park. Tourism development is welcomed in mountain communities that experiences depopulation and shrinking job opportunities. Local inhabitants do on the one hand resent the protections regulations as it put restriction on how the protected areas were used traditionally, and on the other hand they are concerned that increased tourism inside the park will prioritize the needs of visitors more than of the local inhabitants. 
Call Number Serial 4276
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Author De Bie, K.; Rose, M.,
Title Community usage, awareness and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries in Victoria, Australia. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 178-179
Keywords MMV10
Abstract National parks and protected areas in Victoria, Australia, are managed by a state government agency, Parks Victoria.Parks Victoria was established in 1998 and are responsible for managing an expanding and diverse estate covering more than 4 million hectares, or about 17 per cent, of the state.In 2002, the Victorian Government established the Marine National Park system, including 13 Marine National Parks (MPAs) and 11 Marine Sanctuaries.MPAs span Victorias five marine bioregions and aim to conserve and protect ecological processes, habitats and associated flora and fauna. With 2022 signalling the 20-year anniversary of the Victorian Marine National Park system, there was a desire to better understand Victorians current awareness, usage and perceptions of marine parks and sanctuaries.Specific aims of this research include to: Measure recent community visitation to the MNPS Understand community awareness of, and key perceived benefits of the MNPS Identify differences in perceptions, if any, between users, non-users and their respective segments Identify indicators and metrics that could measure the social, ecological and/or economic value provided by the MNPS Understand awareness and reception of current communication tools, and identify avenues to develop and refine communications in general
Call Number Serial 4280
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Author Breyne, J.; Marechal, K.; Dufrene, M.,
Title Monitoring visitors in diffuse nature areas, a case study in the Belgian Ardenne Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 288-289
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism and recreation are ecosystem services that have the potential to benefit human wellbeing, as well as local economies (Haines-Young and Potschin, 2010). They can therefore represent an important political argument to conserve and restore nature areas (Schirpke et al., 2018). However, for these contributions to be acknowledged, they should first be monitored. The number of visits to nature areas has been recognised as one of the major indicators to assess nature-based tourism and recreation (Schägner et al., 2018). Visiting frequencies are, for example, crucial for the estimation of economic contributions. However, for diffuse nature areas with multiple entry and exit points, this data is often scarce, scattered and imprecise. Recently, innovative technologies have allowed to obtain more continuous and/or detailed data for both small and larger areas (Kellner and Egger, 2016). Our research used two of those methodologies to estimate visitor frequencies in nature areas: 1) an analysis based on passive mobile phone positioning data and 2) automatized image analysis based on photos issued from camera traps. Our case study area concerns the Ardenne forests, located in southern Belgium (Walloon region) for the period spring 2018 – summer 2019. The aim of this research is to improve ecosystem services assessments concerning nature-based tourism and recreation and, by doing so, facilitate ES being taken into account by site managers and policy makers in the sustainable management of nature areas. 
Call Number Serial 4328
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Author Prescott, M.; Robillard, J.; Grandisson, M.; Mahmood, A.; Francois, R.; Best, K.L.; Labbe, D.; Mostafavi, M. A.; Miller, W. C.; Morales, E.; Sawatzky, B.; Bulk, L.; Aguilar-Carrasco, M. J.; Borisoff, J.; Mortenson, W. B.,
Title Providing accessible recreation outdoors: User-driven research on standards (PARCOURS) – Research protocol Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 316-317
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Although people with disabilities desire outdoor park experiences similar to other visitors, getting around parks and enjoying their features can be a challenge. There are environmental obstacles and hazards that affect the accessibility and enjoyment of parks (i.e., wayfaring) as well as difficulties maintaining orientation and direction (i.e., wayfinding) that can result in anxiety. These conditions can diminish the many benefits attributable to park participation. In Canada, federal parks have a duty to accommodate, as best they can, the diverse needs and preferences of people with disabilities who make up 22.3% of the population. In response to this imperative, Canada is in the process of developing accessibility standards to ensure universal access. The overarching purpose of this study, funded by Accessible Standards Canada (ASC), is to inform these standards through the lived experiences of people with disabilities. The objectives are to identify and prioritize the impact environmental factors have on the ability of individuals to gain access to and enjoyment of all aspects of the park experience, document the range of these requirements, and develop and prioritize standards that can be used by parks to promote accessibility in parks. The following describes the proposed protocol for the study.
Call Number Serial 4340
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Author Puhakka, R.; Pitkanen, K.; Oinonen, I.,
Title Does nature support the integration of immigrant youth? A study on adolescents in the city of Lahti, Finland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 328-329
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Successful integration of immigrants has been identified as the key for future social and economic well-being in EU. In Finland, a great share of the recent immigrants consists of people who have come to Finland as asylum seekers from countries whose cultural and natural environment is different from the Nordic countries. Nature has traditionally played a central role in the Finnish identity, although there are signs of polarisation in relation to nature among younger generations (Hakoköngäs & Puhakka 2021).Meanwhile, it is increasingly recognised that contact with nature promotes psychological, physiological, and social well-being and health (Keniger et al. 2013). Contact with nature can play an important role for social cohesion and immigrant integration (Jay & Schraml 2009). Green spaces seem to be especially important for immigrant youth to make contacts and friends across cultures (Seeland et al. 2009). Hence, nature can be an important means for integration, but it should also be understood as a resource that should be equally accessible to all (Gentin et al. 2019). Gentin et al. (2019) have suggested that the relationship between nature and integration can be understood in terms of structural and cultural integration that emphasises the importance of equal access to natural environments and knowledge related to nature. Nature is also important for interactive and identificational integration by offering a platform and means for social interactions and a meaningful target to form emotional bonds with other people and places. This study applies the framework of integration (Esser 1999; Gentin et al. 2019) to study how nature supports the integration as well as the well-being of immigrant youth in Finland. We explore adolescents participation in outdoor recreation and their well-being experiences of and relationships with nature in the city of Lahti. We analyse the differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups to discuss how nature can support the health and well-being as well as interactive and identificational integration of immigrants, and how structurally and culturally inclusive nature is to the youth.
Call Number Serial 4346
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Author Taczanowska, K.; Mazur, A.; Brandenburg, C.; Czachs, C.; Latosinska, B.; Hibner, J.; Garcia-Masso, X.; Pardo, A.; Gonzalez, L.,
Title Human mobility patterns in outdoor recreational areas based on GPS-tracking data Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 342-343
Keywords MMV10
Abstract New trends in leisure and outdoor recreation show an increased penetration of remote areas and the development of spatially unconstrained outdoor recreational activities (Bielanski et al, 20218; DAntonio & Monz, 2016; Meijles et al, 2014; Taczanowska et al, 2014; Taczanowska et al, 2008). Here we present the application of GPS tracking to monitor visitor behaviour in a popular nearby recreation destination located in the Kozienicka Primeval Forest, Poland. Particular focus of the study was investigation of the spatial and temporal behaviour of hikers in the forest, detection of resting locations as well as use of recreational infrastructure grouped by visitor profile.
Call Number Serial 4352
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Author Probstl-Haider, U.; Hodl, C.; Ginner, K.; Florian, B.,
Title Climate change: impacts on outdoor activities in the summer and shoulder seasonsin Austria – lessons learned. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 354-355
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The summer tourism market in Austria builds significantly on the countrys opportunities for outdoor recreation such as mountaineering, mountain biking or water sports. This presentation looks at the most important activities from a tourism perspective and considers the likelihood of impacts by climate change based on an extended literature review.It also examines current trends in tourism demand and concludes with both general and activity-specific adaptation and mitigation measures. The data collection and review process covered the relevant peer reviewed and grey literature. This comprehensive process was based on, and was open to, contributions by the full scientific community of relevant Austrian researchers and experts. The compilation process of the report followed quality standards such as the involvement of international partners as review editors within the review process.
Call Number Serial 4356
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Author Siegrist, D.; Bonnelame, L. K.,
Title Zero impact nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 358-359
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The climate crisis is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Tourism can also make an important contribution to solving these problems (Lenzen et al. 2018). Nature-based tourism is thereby of particular importance. This is especially because it is generally viewed as a more ecological version compared to other forms of tourism. Nature-based tourism offers a lot of experience in the field of sustainable development. In addition, it represents a growth in tourism worldwide (Haukeland et al. 2021). It is now a matter of further developing this form of tourism into a zero impact nature-based tourism.In 2015, as part of the Paris Climate Agreement, the international community decided to limit the average global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times, with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius increase in temperature in order to prevent the most catastrophic damage to the climate (IPCC 2018). In the wake of the Paris Climate Agreement, numerous countries have announced that they want to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050 at the latest. These climate goals result in a special challenge for tourism, which contributes significantly to global warming with its greenhouse gas emissions on a global level as well as in individual countries (Loeh, Becken 2021).For tourism as a whole, the question arises as to which function it should play within the framework of the internationally established net zero goal. On a global scale, climate-damaging air traffic represents the greatest challenge for the tourism industry: Will tourism have to cope with significantly fewer flight kilometres in the future? How can the long-distance tourists that are no longer available in the destinations of the global south be replaced? Or will drive technologies for aircrafts be developed in the future that are climate-neutral? At a regional level of tourist destinations, too, a number of extremely relevant fields of action are affected with regard to climate protection. Mobility also plays a central role here, but there are also major challenges for the hotel industry and other areas with high greenhouse gas emissions (Gössling 2021).
Call Number Serial 4358
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Author Salak, B.; Kienast, F.; Lindberg, K.; Hunziker, M.,
Title Exposure, meanings and landscape-technology fit. A hierarchical analysis of peoples preferences towards landscape related energy scenarios and what they are based on Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 364-364
Keywords MMV10
Abstract In response to the effects of climate change, many countries are realigning their energy systems to the principle of sustainability. An energy system change will lead to the development of substantial renewable energy infrastructure (mostly wind and photovoltaic) in landscapes with effects on perceived landscape quality and socio- political acceptance.Both direct perceptive effects of physical landscape structures and latent meanings associated with those structures potentially affect their acceptance.Until now it is mostly unclear how these effects affect peoples decision making. Recently discussions arose regarding the importance of individual concepts supporting interpretation and weighting of already existing knowledge and experience before decision making. This work evaluates the role of landscape-technology fit (Salak et al. 2021) (derived from place- technology fit(Devine-Wright 2009; McLachlan 2009)) representing the extent to which alternatives within each of these two components “fit” together (e.g., does a given type of renewable energy infrastructure fit well within some landscapes but not others?). It also evaluates the role latent meanings ascribed to landscapes and renewable energy infrastructure within that mentioned “fit” decision as well as the role of prior experience (exposure) to both.
Call Number Serial 4361
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Author Evju, M.; Hagen, D.; Jokerud, M.; Olsen, S. L.; Selvaag, S. K.; Vistad, O.I.,
Title Effects of mountain biking versus hiking on trails under different environmental conditions Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 374-375
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Recreational use of nature areas is increasing worldwide. All trail-based activities have a certain degradation effect on vegetation and soil, and conflicts between conservation values and recreation may occur. Controversy still exists regarding the relative impact of mountain bikers compared to hikers on trails. In Norway, mountain biking is allowed on existing, multiuse trails outside of protected areas, but within protected areas restrictions vary, whereas hiking is allowed. A governmental proposal suggests to allow for mountain biking on trails in national parks in line with hiking, but restrictions could be introduced if effects from biking are more severe than from hiking and in conflict with conservation values. For managers, knowledge about the effects of opening trails for new user groups in national parks is highly needed: will mountain biking cause other and more severe effects on trails, and thus provoke higher and other trail maintenance needs, or are effects similar to that if hikers? In this study, we investigated trail degradation from increased use of trails from hikers and ountain bikers under different climatic conditions. Two study sites were selected, one located in an oceanic climate zone and the other in a continental zone. In each site, two trails were selected, one to be predominantly used by hikers and one by mountain bikers. The trails were natural-surfaced, occurring in natural vegetation, and with a variation in topography and plant communities. We contacted local groups through different channels (personal contact, e-mails, announcements on Facebook groups) and encouraged the use of the study trails throughout the summer of 2019. Mountain bikers were informed of the designated biking trails only, and we created Strava segments that were distributed to bikers. The oceanic biking trail was used for a local Endoru race from May-August, whereas the continental trail was part of a mountain bike race in end-August. Hikers were informed of the designated hiking trails only, and we mounted information signs in each end of the trails encouraging people to take a detour.Passes were counted with TRAFx counters.
Call Number Serial 4365
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Author Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K.,
Title Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 394-395
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas.
Call Number Serial 4374
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Author Clemetsen, M.; Stokke, K. B.,
Title Creating synergies between nature-based tourism and local community development through enhanced dialogue processes. Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 398-399
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism (NBT) has for decades been a major resource for value creation and local development in rural districts in Norway. However, in recent years some areas have experienced an increasing pressure from the tourism industry, both in fjord- and coastal and mountain regions (Stokke et al. 2017). A more fine-tuned and sensitive attitude to attractions related to wildlife, quietness, and local stories and storytelling is emerging, and has a substantial potential for integrating NBT and local community development.In a long-term perspective, it is essential for municipalities and local communities to balance the influx of tourists and the capacity to welcome them. To inform planning and development processes, it is therefore important to understand the tangible and intangible place-based values and resources attached to minor rural communities.In the present global situation represented by the pandemic lock down, climate and bio-diversity crises, there is a growing awareness in local and regional governments, that tourism in general, and nature-based tourism specifically, also should be a partner in developing place-based and sustainable transition-processes (Clemetsen et al 2021).This might involve a broad variety of actors, from local residents – young and older, small scale entrepreneurs, farmers, schools, municipal administrators, etc. Thus, in the process of developing strategies for an unknown and uncertain future, there is a need to apply appropriate process tools that may foster development of shared visions, strategies and measures that support sustainable development. The complexity in the process of understanding place, place-based values, and their potential for future value creation, demand methods that commits the participants beyond what is required in ordinary local planning processes. To pursue this ambition, it is necessary to create arenas for negotiation of interests, and for developing strategies for social and economic initiatives involving the local community, the municipality, and other stakeholders.On the background of a participatory workshop conducted in the BIOTOUR[1] case area in Trysil municipality in 2019, we will discuss possible methods and tools that can provide arenas for dialogue processes, supporting nature-based tourism development and social viability within the local community.
Call Number Serial 4376
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Author Sagheim, K. B.; Lerfald, M.; Kvamme, S.,
Title Sharing in the context of nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 402-403
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The tourism sector is impacted by megatrends such as increased availability of high-tech equipment, information and communication technology (ICT) and the sharing economy (SE) (Elmahdy et al. 2017). High-tech equipment and clothing provide tourists with increased comfort and safety. The ICT enables online booking and digital communication and in recent years, digital platforms have enabled sharing of underutilized assets with strangers. These global trends expect to affect the demand for nature-based tourism experiences, and the way people engage with nature (Fredman & Margaryan 2020, p. 6). A part of the nature-based tourism (NBT) sector is equipment-intensive, with activity-adapted development of specialized equipment and clothing (e.g., Randonnée, kiting, kayaking). The equipment is often expensive and underutilized. One of the key themes in the NBT literature is to understand the role of NBT in the context of global transformations as (among others) the SE (Elmahdy et al. 2017; Fredman & Margaryan 2020). The SE includes a broad set of activities and concepts, from Airbnb and Uber to companies enabling temporary transactions of assets, often labelled access-based consumption (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015) or on-demand renters (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The focus in access-based consumption, is to gain access to goods or services for a limited period without acquiring ownership (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015). Moreover, on-demand renters are characterized by companies which enable a temporary transaction of new assets (Trabucchi et al. 2019, p. 1007). These approaches present an innovative version of the traditional renting business model where the companies provide a platform that offers direct access to shared assets (B2C, C2C), without any human intermediaries (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The literature on SE is growing but has a strong bias towards cities and metropolitan regions. More knowledge is needed about the development of the SE in peripheral areas (Agarwal & Steinmetz 2019). With this backdrop there is a need for more knowledge about what people are willing to share and with whom, and how the use of technology can affect the NBT experiences. Findings from Iversen and Hem (2018) and Fredman & Margaryan (2020) underpin these knowledge gaps. To fill these gaps, the purpose of this article is to investigate attitudes towards sharing of gear (including clothes) among tourists doing NBT in Norway, aiming to increase our knowledge about NBT in the context of sharing economy and to contribute to the knowledge gap about sharing economy in general and in peripheral areas in particular.
Call Number Serial 4377
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Author Gona, J. K.,
Title The need for Local Community Resilience in Sustainable Tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 28-28
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Tourism utilises substantial community assets and is to a large extent dependent on community willingness and acceptance of visitors. Community assets and community attitudes are therefore necessary for balanced growth, which is sustainable tourism. Whereas sustainable tourism is anchored on social, environmental and economic pillars, they are not stand-alone pillars. Environmental and economic pillars lean on the community pillar. In this context, community is broadened to include residents in destinations and all local providers of experiences in destinations. Sustainable tourism should focus on strategies to build resilience in order to strengthen environmental and economic pillars that support balanced growth.
Call Number Serial 4386
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Author Fredman, P.; Haukeland, J. V.; Dybedal, P.; Stokke, K. B.; Forbord, M.,
Title From place-based resources to value-added experiences: Future perspectives on Nature-based tourism Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 348-349
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature based tourism is framed and flavored not only by the socio economic conditions of the region where it occurs, but just as much by natural resources and opportunities to make use of them in a tourism context. This session summarizes five years of research on nature based tourism in the BIOTOUR project and discuss future prospect of this sector in the light of a greener economy, more robust communities and sustainable practices. It will also present key content from the recently published book “Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. From place-based resources to value-added experiences”, edited by professors Peter Fredman and Jan Vidar Haukeland.
Call Number Serial 4354
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Author Piotrowski, K.; Rogowski, M.; Mickiewicz, A.,
Title Assessment and accuracy improvement of monitoring of tourism traffic in a mid-mountain national park (MSTT: Monitoring System of tourist traffic) in Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 290-291
Keywords MMV10
Abstract The sustainable management of vulnerable natural areas requires accurate measurement of visitor flows, especially in protected natural areas (Andersen et al. 2013). According to Andersen et al. (2013), the most often used counting system is a pyroelectric sensor that features a lens sensitive to heat radiation emitted by the human body (Eco-Counter model: PYRO sensor). An important challenge with automatic counting systems is their accuracy, since all types of counters are subject to counting errors (Pettebone et al. 2010).This study focuses on visitor counting accuracy in national parks situated in mountain areas that are also one of the most popular tourist areas. It illustrates the attention to detail required to carry out accurate visitor counting. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of pyroelectric sensor measurement errors in relation to different visitor flow levels and different time intervals between visitors. This verification was based on field experiments and on-site observations of the pyroelectric sensors working as part of the Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT) in Stolowe Mountain National Park (SMNP) in Sudety Mountains, southwestern Poland. SMNP is visited by about 900,000 tourists per year. (Rogowski 2020). In mountain areas, it is difficult to collect data over a longer period of time. In addition, field and weather conditions may yield a higher error rate. This evaluation of accuracy was performed to yield calibration formulas.
Call Number Serial 4329
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Author Kling, K. G.,
Title Balancing values of accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 318-319
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Spending time in nature and participating in outdoor activities has positive effects on the health and well-being of individuals, and nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation have the potential to provide an appropriate setting to engage in such activities (Farkic et al., 2020; Lackey et al., 2019). Even though our understanding of the benefits of nature experiences is well established, there remains unequal access to nature and nature-based activities among different groups in society. People with disabilities are often excluded from being able to fully participate in nature-based tourism and recreation due to physical and social barriers. There is therefore a need for natural areas to become more inclusive and cater to the needs of diverse groups of visitors (Menzies et al., 2020). The accommodation and adjustment of natural areas so that they become more inclusive for people with disabilities nevertheless entails some contradiction of values, especially between accessible nature-based tourism, nature conservation and the visitor experience (Corazon et al., 2019; Donlon, 2000). Increased accessibility in, as well as to, natural areas often means expanding infrastructure and improving facilities; actions which can have an impact on visitors perceptions of untouched nature and raise questions as to whether they are compatible with the objectives of nature conservation (Tverijonaite et al., 2018). However, political objectives of accessible nature for all are highly important in the context of social sustainability and social inclusion, and managers and planners of natural areas therefore have to balance these differing values in order to ensure that different interests and expectations are met. This balancing creates a moral dilemma concerning access to nature: who has access and who is excluded, and how should values be prioritised?
Call Number Serial 4341
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Author Stokke, K. B.; Clemetsen, M.,
Title Local spatial planning as tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development Type
Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 396-397
Keywords MMV10
Abstract Nature-based tourism is to a large extent based on different types of protected areas, adjacent landscapes and communities. In this paper we explore how municipal spatial planning may serve as a tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development. In Norway, visitor strategies are introduced for national parks and other large protected areas. These strategies are based on the planning system inside protected areas, regulated by the Nature Diversity Act. The research question is: How can local spatial planning support integrated visitor strategies and community development? Norway has two different institutional systems for spatial planning within and outside protected areas.
Call Number Serial 4375
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Author Aoki,Y.; Rupprecht,C.; KumagaI,K.
Title Recreation research trends of MMV, 2002-2012 Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 280-282
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3009
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Author Aşan,K.; Emeksiz,M.
Title Outdoor recreation motivations and nature experiences: the case of Eskişehir Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 234-235
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3012
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Author Bide, K.H.; Brown,G.; Weber,D.
Title Identifying community values to inform park management: an application of PPGIS Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 146-147
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3017
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Author Bonnelame,L.K.; Siegrist, D.
Title Biodiversity and tourism – funding instruments for financing measures in favour of biodiversity through tourism Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 188-190
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3019
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Author Brandenburg, Ch..; Kasper, A.; Preisel, F.; Hirnschall, B.; Gantner, Ch.; Czachs, Ch.; Schreiber, B.; Reimoser, F.; Lexer, W.; Heckl,F.; Ziener, k.
Title Leisure activities – a red rag for wildlife management and nature conservation: an indicator- and spatial planning-based approach for identification of conflict areas Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 60-61
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3020
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Author Campbell, J.M.; MacKay, J.K.
Title The nature of nature tourists in Bwindi Forest Uganda Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 19-20
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3028
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Author Čulinović,K.
Title Plitvička jezera National Park – outdoor recreation possibilities and conflicts Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 252
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3031
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Author Čulinović,K.; Magdić,N.; Špoljarić,S.; Rendulić,Ž.
Title Educational and recreational trails of forest ecosystems – New trekking possibilities in Plitvička jezera National Park Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 306
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3032
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Author English,D.B.K.; Bowker,J.M.; Askew,A.
Title US Forest Service Wilderness visitation after 50 years Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 215-216
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3037
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Author Fredman,P.; Sandell,K.
Title Recreation trends and sustainable development in the context of the environmental objective “A magnificent mountain landscape” Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 206-207
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3041
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Author Haukeland, J.V.; Lindberg, K.; Vistad, O.I.; Daugstad, K.; Fossgard, K.
Title Norwegian nature mangers’ attitudes towards nature-based tourism in national parks – a survey analysis Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 35-36
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3051
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Author Hornigold, K.; Dolman, P.; Lake, I.
Title Modelling current and future recreational demand in rural England; the development of tools to mitigate against potential conflicts with biodiversity Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 55-57
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3056
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Author Jensen, F.S.; Nord-Larsen, T.; Johannsen, V.K.; Skov-Petersen,H.
Title Recreational indicators in the Danish National Forest Inventory – experiences and results Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 138-139
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3059
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Author Jone, B.; Findlater, K.; Bissix, G.
Title Operation ironworks: addressing antisocial behaviour in Scotland’s first national park Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 100-101
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3061
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Author Kaprová,K.; Melichar,J.; Urban,J.
Title Investigating public preferences for forest recreation attributes: combined scenic beauty and discrete choice model Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 225-226
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3065
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Author Karoles,K.; Maran,K.
Title More than ten years of visitor monitoring in Estonian state forests Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 195-196
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3066
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Author Maran,K.; Karoles,K.; Karoles,K.
Title Environmental impact of forest recreation in Estonia – results of ten years of research Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 77-79
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3081
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Author Monteiro, L.; Svobodova, K.; Sklenička, P.
Title Monitoring the patterns of visitor use at World Heritage sites Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 125-126
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3091
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Author Monteiro, L.; Svobodova, K.; Sklenička, P.
Title Assessing indicators of attractiveness in the Krkonoše Mountains National Park Trails, Czech Republic Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 219-220
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3092
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Author Ounmany, K.; Winkler,C.; Muhar, A.; Penker,M.
Title Community-based ecotourism as a tool for rural development and nature conservation: Lessons from protected areas in Laos Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 72-73
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3094
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Author Rettie, K.
Title Winter data collection in Canada’s mountain parks Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 98-99
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3100
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Author Roose.A.; Sepp,K.; Kliimask,J.
Title Dilemma of rural diversification via tourism and nature conservation in peripheral Estonia Type
Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 185-187
Keywords MMV7
Abstract
Call Number Serial 3103
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