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	Author	Saparbayev, S.K.; Woodward, D.B.,
	Title	Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as an indicator species and increasing recreation loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	511-515
	Keywords	MMV4, Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), Almaty Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan, ecotrail
	Abstract	The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard’s main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1114			Serial	2678
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	Author	Van Marwijk, R.; Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	Types of Typologies – From Recreationists & Tourists to Artificial Agents			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	499-501
	Keywords	MMV3, Tourist typology, artificial agents, recreation, spatial behaviour, recreational behaviour, wilderness experience, landscape preference
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 873			Serial	2559
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	Author	Slabbert, L.; Moore, K.
	Title	Kruger National Park Bush Braai experiences – critical success factors, visitor preferences and willingness to pay			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	476-477
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	At the time of the research, future plans involved operating such a service from three gates in the south of the Park: Crocodile Bridge, Phabeni and Phalaborwa. A strong and clear market orientation is needed to advance consumer acceptance of a product perceived as ‘new’ by some tourists (Kirca, Jayachandran & Bearden, 2005), which lead the management of SANParks to request research to gauge visitors’ perceptions of an ideal Bush Braai experience to aid the product development and strengthen the existing product offerings run from the rest camps in the Park.
	Call Number				Serial	4200
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	Author	Campbell, M.J.; MacKay, K.J.; Walker, D.J.; Dranzoa, C.,
	Title	Strengthening local support for community tourism (in Uganda) through University – Community Partnerships			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	475-479
	Keywords	MMV4, Community tourism, GIS, partnerships, Uganda
	Abstract	Rural poverty, poor environmental health and the resultant threat to biodiversity are significant impediments to sustainable tourism development in Uganda. These problems reinforce one another and are compounded by: a) weak institutional linkages between rural communities, NGOs, universities, government departments and public policy makers; b) deficiencies in community oriented professional skills in sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation; c) the need to transform community attitudes to view parks and protected areas and wildlife as natural capital on which rural livelihoods can be improved; and d) the need for interdisciplinary approaches in higher learning to address intertwined problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development. The University of Manitoba in co-operation with Makerere University in Uganda has initiated a program to address these issues though the development of: 1) a master’s degree at Makerere University; 2) a strategic partner’s network and; 3) three demonstration projects in communities surrounding national parks. This poster presents initial results that illustrate how the university community-partnership is leading to stronger institutional links to not only the university and community but also to NGOs and government departments while providing much needed capacity building in local communities.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1088			Serial	2665
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	Author	Ziener, K.,
	Title	Types of Conflicts between Recreational Use and Nature Conservation in National Parks and Biosphere Reserves			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	467-473
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation vary in their causes, development and impact as well as in the people or groups involved and finally in the strategies and methods of resolution. They are neither generally avoidable nor can they be solved in an absolute way. However, most of them can be moderated by communication and discussion. The conflicts in national parks or biosphere reserves do not develop independently of each other. Usually several conflicts exist at the same time, in the same region and maybe between the same people. Therefore strategies of park management should be directed not only to an isolated conflict alone but to the entire system of conflicts in the region. Predicting and examining conflicts can help to avoid or reduce severe conflicts. The typifying of conflicts between recreational use and nature conservation in national parks or biosphere reserves can be used to describe relations between conflicts and strategies of solutions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 565			Serial	2345
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	Author	Almik, A.; Maran, K.; Karoles, K.; Rammo, M.,
	Title	Implementation of results of visitor and environmental impact monitoring: an example of Kauksi campsite of the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	463-466
	Keywords	MMV4, Forest recreation, visitor and environmental impact monitoring, recreational load, campsite condition monitoring, damages on trees, soil vegetation and soil
	Abstract	Kauksi campsite, located in the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre, is an area of intensive and long-term recreational use. In the years 2003 and 2007 a permanent monitoring network was established in the area and the environmental situation and its changes were evaluated. Based on the results of the environmental status assessment and visitor monitoring, recommendations were made for improving the campsite condition and an action plan for performing the works was prepared. In 2004-2007 an infrastructure for the protection of campsite and the lakeshore dunes was designed and constructed, and measures of landscape protection were introduced, as a result of which the environmental condition has stabilised and for some indicators, considerably improved. This case shows that in an area of intensive use it is important to know the user and use specifics and, in order to support the periodic assessment of environmental impacts, to continuously monitor environmental status and perform preventive landscape protection works in order to maintain the stable condition and the recreational values of the area.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1082			Serial	2662
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	Author	Kangas, K.; Siikamäki, P.; Koivuniemi, P.; Sulkava, P.; Tolvanen, A.; Norokorpi, Y.,
	Title	Are There Too Many Visitors in National Parks? A Campsite Analysis in Two Finnish National Parks			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	458-459
	Keywords	MMV3, Tourism, campsite, trampling, vegetation change, national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 841			Serial	2543
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.; Muhar, A.; Brandenburg, C.,
	Title	Potential and limitations of GPS tracking for monitoring spatial and temporal aspects of visitor behaviour in recreational areas			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	451-455
	Keywords	MMV4, GPS, GPS tracking, spatial behaviour, monitoring methods, visitor flows, recreation
	Abstract	The application of satellite based navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) to record spatial/temporal aspects of visitor behaviour has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potentials and the limitations of GPS-tracking, based on empirical data collected in the Danube Floodplains National Park in Austria (Nationalpark Donau-Auen). A total amount of 485 hiking itineraries were collected in the field using Garmin e-Trex devices. After returning the GPS receiver visitors were interviewed and additionally asked to draw their route on the map. 372 complete records (GPS tracks plus map sketches) were thereby obtained for further analysis. The highly detailed spatial resolution of the data allowed deriving more exact route characteristics compared to traditional data collection methods such as trip diaries. GPS-tracking was more accurate than map sketches in areas with poorly defined trail network. Some respondents were not able to report the exact route, due to insufficient map reading skills or orientation problems in the outdoor environment. In such cases, in particular, the GPS approach proved its intrinsic advantages. Nevertheless, some limitations of the GPS use have also been identified. In particular, problems with the quality of the satellite signal in areas covered by dense deciduous forest turned out to be a major limiting factor for GPS-tracking in the presented National Park setting.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1078			Serial	2660
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	Author	Yamamoto, K., Saka, T.
	Title	Monitoring visitor use and awareness in Sanriku Reconstruction National Park: Towards eco-based disaster risk reduction			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	448-450
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	On Friday at 2:46 pm Japan standard time, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred at the level of the Japan Trench, approximately 130 km east of Sendai. The sea floor was lifted up, causing a major tsunami that inundated 516 km2 of the eastern coastline of Japan. Together, the earthquake and tsunami resulted in around 16,000 deaths and approximately 2,600 missing people (Renaud and Murti (eds.) 2013, Japan National Police Agency 2016). In order to support the revitalization of the Sanriku area, the Sanriku Reconstruction National Park was created after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. However, large construction projects provoked adverse reactions in the tsunami-hit areas. For example, a giant conveyor belt is bringing mud to raise the ground level in Rikuzentakata City and some researchers have pointed out resulting negative effects on the ecosystem. In the case of Sri Lanka, dumping of debris from the cleanup into waterways and wetlands created pollution and drainage problems that hampered long-term recovery after the Indian Ocean tsunami (Sudmeier-Rieux and Ash 2009). These kinds of negative impacts have occurred in the aftermath of disasters and it is very important to pay close attention to the post-disaster recovery period and also to address how to strengthen the function of protected areas in eco-based disaster risk reduction. In addition to this viewpoint, this research focuses on visitor use, including visitor consciousness that can offer information on the value of a national park. Not only visitor use but also the consciousness of visitors, such as interest in disaster risk reduction and expected countermeasures, are thought to change gradually after a disaster but very little research has focused on such types of changes in psychological states.
	Call Number				Serial	4002
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	Author	Thapa, K.
	Title	Assessing economic impact of national park visitation in Nepal			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	439-441
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorized Protected Areas into six categories depending on management objectives. National park (IUCN category II) is the large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities (Dudley, 2008). Thus, national park provides opportunities for recreation and tourism besides conservation of biodiversity and ecological processes. . Tourism and Recreation which forms part of the cultural ecosystem services provide benefits to local, regional and international community in the form of nature visit, wilderness experience and economic contribution.
	Call Number				Serial	4000
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	Author	Mameno, K., Shoji, Y., Kubo, T., Aikoh, T., Tsuge, T.
	Title	Estimating preferences for pricing policies in Japanese national parks using best-worst scaling			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-438
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The purpose of this study is to understand preferences of the general Japanese public for pricing policies in the national park system applying the best-worst scaling (BWS) approach. One remarkable feature of Japanese national parks is that the most of costs for park services have traditionally financed not by visitors but by general taxpayers. Recently, however, the Japanese government has faced a serious financial shortage, each national park faces revenue shortfalls. In the near future, we need some fundamental changes in Japanese parks system on pricing policies. We have to know general Japanese citizens’ preferences for them.
	Call Number				Serial	3999
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	Author	Gstaettner, A.M.; Weiler, B.; Rodger, K.; Lee, D.
	Title	Exploring responsability sharing between visitors and managers: Results of a Delphi study			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-439
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	The management of visitor safety is multifaceted and complex, and ambiguity often exists in terms of whether and how much individual visitors share responsibility for their safety with park management authorities (Rickard 2012). In an effort to explore the perspectives of protected area managers, a qualitative study has been conducted to explore the concept of responsibility-sharing in recreational and protected areas in Australia. The study sought to answer questions such as: who shares responsibility for visitor safety in protected areas; why are responsibilities shared; and how may responsibility-sharing vary across different visitation contexts at different sites?
	Call Number				Serial	4187
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	Author	Melichar, J., Braun Kohlova, M., Kaprova, K.
	Title	Optimal pricing of recreation in the Czech protected areas			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	430-432
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	With growing number of visitors in wilderness areas, the burden on touristic infrastructure increases together with the nature protection expenses. The management of protected areas is not able to fully cover these costs and their economy is partially or completely dependent on state subsidies. The pricing of recreation is one of the options how to manage the number of visitors entering the protected area, and how to enhance the budgetary self-sufficiency of the protected areas. The contribution presents the model of the optimal entrance fees and potential revenues for the system of landscape protected areas and national parks in the Czech Republic. The model was transformed into a parametrized software tool available to the managements of Czech protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	3997
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	Author	Takahashi, M.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	Visitor Conflicts and their Resolution for Forest and Park Management in Jozankei National forest, Japan			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	423-424
	Keywords	MMV3, Forest and Park management, visitor conflict, Jozankei National Forest, questionnaire survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 819			Serial	2532
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	Author	Scherrer, P.; Smith, A.J.; Dowling, R.K.,
	Title	Managing Visitor Impacts along Australia’s Remote Kimberley Coast – The Forgotten Dimension of Balancing Country			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	419-420
	Keywords	MMV3, Expedition cruise, Aboriginal, visitor impacts, spiritual connection, tour operator
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 817			Serial	2531
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	404-407
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340			Serial	2378
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	Author	Takayama, N., Matsushima, H., Petrova, E., Ueda, H., Nakajima, T., Furuya, K., Aoki, Y.,
	Title	Differences in environmental attitudes between Russia and Japan			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	404-405
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 556			Serial	3000
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	Author	Brandenburg, C.; Ziener, K.,
	Title	Conflict Strategies as a Task for the Management of Protected Areas – Shown at the National Park Donau-Auen			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	403-404
	Keywords	MMV3, Conflict, conflict potential, conflict strategy, conflict analysis, visitor monitoring, management of protected areas
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 802			Serial	2524
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	Author	Taczanowska, K., Garcia-Massó, X., Pellicer-Chenoll, M., González, L., Toca-Herrera, J.,
	Title	Quantification of the physical activity and physiological constants during hiking in peri-urban recreational areas of Vienna			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	402-403
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 555			Serial	2999
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	Author	Sakic, K.; Skarica, V.
	Title	Sustainable financing of national and nature parks in Croatia and prossibilities for introducing the new finance mechanisms for biodiversity			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	402-404
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	This paper provides an overview of the current finance mechanism of the national parks and nature parks in the Republic of Croatia and outlines different schemes of innovative funding mechanism that can be applied to ensure stable and sufficient long-term financial resource (e.g. payment for ecosystem services, trust funds and green taxes mechanism resources, finding new donors such as large corporations, special fund-raising campaigns, volunteers actions for some specific jobs…).
	Call Number				Serial	4175
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	Author	Sagheim, K. B.; Lerfald, M.; Kvamme, S.,
	Title	Sharing in the context of nature-based tourism			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	402-403
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	The tourism sector is impacted by megatrends such as increased availability of high-tech equipment, information and communication technology (ICT) and the sharing economy (SE) (Elmahdy et al. 2017). High-tech equipment and clothing provide tourists with increased comfort and safety. The ICT enables online booking and digital communication and in recent years, digital platforms have enabled sharing of underutilized assets with strangers. These global trends expect to affect the demand for nature-based tourism experiences, and the way people engage with nature (Fredman & Margaryan 2020, p. 6). A part of the nature-based tourism (NBT) sector is equipment-intensive, with activity-adapted development of specialized equipment and clothing (e.g., Randonnée, kiting, kayaking). The equipment is often expensive and underutilized. One of the key themes in the NBT literature is to understand the role of NBT in the context of global transformations as (among others) the SE (Elmahdy et al. 2017; Fredman & Margaryan 2020). The SE includes a broad set of activities and concepts, from Airbnb and Uber to companies enabling temporary transactions of assets, often labelled access-based consumption (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015) or on-demand renters (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The focus in access-based consumption, is to gain access to goods or services for a limited period without acquiring ownership (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015). Moreover, on-demand renters are characterized by companies which enable a temporary transaction of new assets (Trabucchi et al. 2019, p. 1007). These approaches present an innovative version of the traditional renting business model where the companies provide a platform that offers direct access to shared assets (B2C, C2C), without any human intermediaries (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The literature on SE is growing but has a strong bias towards cities and metropolitan regions. More knowledge is needed about the development of the SE in peripheral areas (Agarwal & Steinmetz 2019). With this backdrop there is a need for more knowledge about what people are willing to share and with whom, and how the use of technology can affect the NBT experiences. Findings from Iversen and Hem (2018) and Fredman & Margaryan (2020) underpin these knowledge gaps. To fill these gaps, the purpose of this article is to investigate attitudes towards sharing of gear (including clothes) among tourists doing NBT in Norway, aiming to increase our knowledge about NBT in the context of sharing economy and to contribute to the knowledge gap about sharing economy in general and in peripheral areas in particular.
	Call Number				Serial	4377
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	Author	Schneider, I., Earing, J., Martinson, K.,
	Title	Understanding the recreational horseback riding experience: Motivations, conflict and response to conflict			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	398-399
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 553			Serial	2997
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	Author	Clemetsen, M.; Stokke, K. B.,
	Title	Creating synergies between nature-based tourism and local community development through enhanced dialogue processes.			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	398-399
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Nature-based tourism (NBT) has for decades been a major resource for value creation and local development in rural districts in Norway. However, in recent years some areas have experienced an increasing pressure from the tourism industry, both in fjord- and coastal and mountain regions (Stokke et al. 2017). A more fine-tuned and sensitive attitude to attractions related to wildlife, quietness, and local stories and storytelling is emerging, and has a substantial potential for integrating NBT and local community development.In a long-term perspective, it is essential for municipalities and local communities to balance the influx of tourists and the capacity to welcome them. To inform planning and development processes, it is therefore important to understand the tangible and intangible place-based values and resources attached to minor rural communities.In the present global situation represented by the pandemic lock down, climate and bio-diversity crises, there is a growing awareness in local and regional governments, that tourism in general, and nature-based tourism specifically, also should be a partner in developing place-based and sustainable transition-processes (Clemetsen et al 2021).This might involve a broad variety of actors, from local residents – young and older, small scale entrepreneurs, farmers, schools, municipal administrators, etc. Thus, in the process of developing strategies for an unknown and uncertain future, there is a need to apply appropriate process tools that may foster development of shared visions, strategies and measures that support sustainable development. The complexity in the process of understanding place, place-based values, and their potential for future value creation, demand methods that commits the participants beyond what is required in ordinary local planning processes. To pursue this ambition, it is necessary to create arenas for negotiation of interests, and for developing strategies for social and economic initiatives involving the local community, the municipality, and other stakeholders.On the background of a participatory workshop conducted in the BIOTOUR[1] case area in Trysil municipality in 2019, we will discuss possible methods and tools that can provide arenas for dialogue processes, supporting nature-based tourism development and social viability within the local community.
	Call Number				Serial	4376
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	Author	Rammo, M.; Karoles, K.; Maran, K.; Jansen, J.; Almik, A.; Rammo, R.,
	Title	Visitor Surveys and Visitor Impact Monitoring in Recreational Areas in State Forests of Estonia			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	397-399
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 336			Serial	2376
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	Author	Stokke, K. B.; Clemetsen, M.,
	Title	Local spatial planning as tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	396-397
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Nature-based tourism is to a large extent based on different types of protected areas, adjacent landscapes and communities. In this paper we explore how municipal spatial planning may serve as a tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development. In Norway, visitor strategies are introduced for national parks and other large protected areas. These strategies are based on the planning system inside protected areas, regulated by the Nature Diversity Act. The research question is: How can local spatial planning support integrated visitor strategies and community development? Norway has two different institutional systems for spatial planning within and outside protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	4375
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	Author	Dehez, J.; Lyser, S.; Kuentz, V., Ben Hadj Abdallah, K.
	Title	Place-based approach to outdoor recreation economics: empirical analysis of recreational deman in forests			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	394-396
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	In this paper, we take a first step towards the introduction of more place-based perspectives into the field of outdoor recreation economics. We examine the possibility of coupling two conceptual traditions, as synthesized by a dual definition of “proximity”.
	Call Number				Serial	4172
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	Author	Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K.,
	Title	Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	394-395
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	4374
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Cordell, H.K.; Green, G.,
	Title	Estimating Recreation Market Share for National Forests			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	389-390
	Keywords	MMV3, Land management, land use, recreation activity, recreation resources, market share
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 790			Serial	2518
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	Author	Kurita, K.,
	Title	Management of protected areas in urban fringe area of Tama Hills, Tokyo, Japan			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	384-385
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 546			Serial	2990
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	Author	Kubo, T., Shoji, Y., Takimoto, K., Suzuki, H., Osada, M.,
	Title	Understanding residents’ risk perceptions associated with fatal brown bear accidents: A case study in Shibetsu town, northern Japan			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	382-383
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 545			Serial	2989
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	Author	Bernath, K.; Roschewitz, A.,
	Title	Sample Selection Bias in Visitor Surveys: Comparative Results of an On-Site and an Off-Site Survey Assessing Recreational Benefits of Forests			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	381-382
	Keywords	MMV3, Economic valuation, forest recreation, on-site sample, sample selection bias, off-site random sample, weighting, forest visitors
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 782			Serial	2514
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	Author	Carter, M., Martin, K., Wood, L., Samson, J.,
	Title	Observing children’s play in Naturescape: Key findings relating to social and environmental interaction			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	376-376
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 541			Serial	2985
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	Author	Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Juutinen, A
	Title	Nature-based tourism, protected areas and mining in Finnish Lapland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	375-376
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Tourism is growing industry and an important livelihood in northern Finland (Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). Simultaneously, nature has an essential role in tourism.Many tourism resorts are located very close to protected areas and tourism in protected areas play an important role in the local economy (Huhtala 2007, Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). While tourism has increased, the role of traditional livelihoods, like forestry and agriculture has decreased (Saarinen 2003, 2005). Simultaneously with tourism growth the metal mining industry and mineral exploration activities have increased notably in Finland(Kivinen et al. 2014). Although the growing mining industryhas potential to bring positive socio-economicdevelopment in northern peripheral areas, the ungovernable growth of mining may adversely affect tourism and nature protection, and have raised some concerns among local people. As competing land use interests related to mining, tourism, forestry and environmental protection are likely to increase in the future,there is a need for tools for reconciling different land use needs.Our aim is to develop a new GIS-basedapproach that simultaneously considers ecological, social and economic values. Method can be used in classifying sites by their suitability for different land uses and locating areas with possibly conflicting land uses.
	Call Number				Serial	3978
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	Author	Newman, P.; Miller, Z.; Levanhagen, M.; Francis, C.D.; Petrelli, A.; Abbot, L.; Shr, Y-H; Taff, B.; White, C.; Fristrup, K.; Monz, C.; McClure, C.; Barber, J.
	Title	Sounds as an element of human-coupled systems: Social-Ecological Evidence from Muir Woods National Monument			Type
	Year	2018	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 9 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	375-377
	Keywords	MMV9
	Abstract	Sounds have a profound impact on both social and ecological components of the environment (Francis et al., 2017). Although many studies have studied the social and ecological soundscape components independently (Francis et al., 2017), no research has examined the coupled social-ecological impacts of natural sounds. In this presentation we discuss findings from Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO) in California, USA, that shows how both social and ecological components of the soundscape influence and are influenced by each other in a dynamic and synergistic human-natural coupled system.
	Call Number				Serial	4166
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	Author	Rettie, K.,
	Title	Shaping Culture in Nature: Human Use Management in Canada’s Mountain National Parks			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	374-375
	Keywords	MMV3, National park management, visitor experience, culture and nature
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 776			Serial	2511
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	Author	Evju, M.; Hagen, D.; Jokerud, M.; Olsen, S. L.; Selvaag, S. K.; Vistad, O.I.,
	Title	Effects of mountain biking versus hiking on trails under different environmental conditions			Type
	Year	2021	Publication	The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MINA fagrapport	Issue		Pages	374-375
	Keywords	MMV10
	Abstract	Recreational use of nature areas is increasing worldwide. All trail-based activities have a certain degradation effect on vegetation and soil, and conflicts between conservation values and recreation may occur. Controversy still exists regarding the relative impact of mountain bikers compared to hikers on trails. In Norway, mountain biking is allowed on existing, multiuse trails outside of protected areas, but within protected areas restrictions vary, whereas hiking is allowed. A governmental proposal suggests to allow for mountain biking on trails in national parks in line with hiking, but restrictions could be introduced if effects from biking are more severe than from hiking and in conflict with conservation values. For managers, knowledge about the effects of opening trails for new user groups in national parks is highly needed: will mountain biking cause other and more severe effects on trails, and thus provoke higher and other trail maintenance needs, or are effects similar to that if hikers? In this study, we investigated trail degradation from increased use of trails from hikers and ountain bikers under different climatic conditions. Two study sites were selected, one located in an oceanic climate zone and the other in a continental zone. In each site, two trails were selected, one to be predominantly used by hikers and one by mountain bikers. The trails were natural-surfaced, occurring in natural vegetation, and with a variation in topography and plant communities. We contacted local groups through different channels (personal contact, e-mails, announcements on Facebook groups) and encouraged the use of the study trails throughout the summer of 2019. Mountain bikers were informed of the designated biking trails only, and we created Strava segments that were distributed to bikers. The oceanic biking trail was used for a local Endoru race from May-August, whereas the continental trail was part of a mountain bike race in end-August. Hikers were informed of the designated hiking trails only, and we mounted information signs in each end of the trails encouraging people to take a detour.Passes were counted with TRAFx counters.
	Call Number				Serial	4365
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	Author	Backman, E., Arnegård, J., Sandell, K.,
	Title	Outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports			Type
	Year	2012	Publication	The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges	Abbreviated Journal	NULL
	Volume	MMV 6 - Proceedings	Issue	NULL	Pages	370-371
	Keywords	MMV6
	Abstract	NULL
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 538			Serial	2982
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	Author	Viswanathan, N.K., Vogel, R.M., Li, S., Wang, A.Z.
	Title	Sustainable Coastal Tourism on Long Island – A Preliminary Study			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	370-371
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This pilot study, part of a two year project funded by the New York Sea Grant identified two coastal cities on Long Island. Based on survey data the study examined the demographic characteristics of tourists and attempted to understand their motivation for visiting Long Island. The survey instrument consisted of twenty questions and the tourists to be surveyed were selected at random at the tourist site in the two cities. The questions measured many variables including the following, tourism attraction preferences, reasons for visiting, communication medium through which the tourist was exposed to the destination, family size and age, the preferences for different types of attractions and activities.
	Call Number				Serial	3976
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	Author	Elmazi, L.; Gorica, K.,
	Title	Economic effect of alternative tourism. Events and festivals			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	368-372
	Keywords	MMV4, Economic effects, alternative tourism, multicultural communities
	Abstract	The analyze of the tourism cities within Albania show that communities as emerged tourism destination offer culture, tradition and events, and also, show us that events and festivals have the capacity to celebrate community identity particularly in multi-cultural events and festivals. The involvement of local community in creating opportunities and furthermore, competitive advantages, is very important for management and marketing of events and festivals, especially in multi-cultural communities. The research investigates the different interpretations of community, the concept of communities and the role of events and festivals in articulating community identity within distinct localities. It is necessary the compilation of a strategic marketing plan which will involve the community in tourism events and festivals, which at last will follow up with sustainability. Drafting perfect marketing strategies is always one side of the management task that should not be underestimated. This task becomes extremely difficult since in many cases a direct conflict exists between the site managers who to keep restricted numbers of visitors for preservation reasons, local people who look the events as a way to generate revenues, and national governments who like to use its image as a marketing device. Heritage and Cultural Tourism is the most important part of the Albanian tourism product and successful element of the national economy. Albania is considered as a new cultural destination in the tourism marketplace, as a Balkan country of dramatic natural beauty, with a wealth of historic buildings and ancient archaeological sites that can compare, for interest and variety with any in the Mediterranean world.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1050			Serial	2646
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	Author	Hibner, J., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Segmentation of alpine downhill skiers and snowboarders in mountain protected areas based on motivation factors: a comparison between two skiing areas: Kasprowy Wierch area (TPN, Poland) and Skalnaté Pleso area (TANAP, Slovakia).			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	366-368
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Comprehensive knowledge about visitor socio-demographic characteristics, combined with visitor motivations and preferences is necessary for successful visitor management in recreational and protected areas (Cessford & Muhar 2003). Visitor profiles based on motivational factors may support design of targeted tourist offer and communication between the management of protected areas and tourists (Konu & Kajala 2012). The main aim of this study is to segment downhill skiers and snowboarders of two ski resorts located in the Tatra National Parks (TPN in Poland and TANAP in Slovakia) based on visitor motivations.
	Call Number				Serial	3975
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