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Author Singsaas, M.; Gundersen, V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Tradition and destination: Socio-ecological sustainability and the host-visitor inter-face in second-home development in Norway Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 390-391  
  Keywords (up) MMV10  
  Abstract Second homes (SH) are a major form of domestic tourism in many countries, especially the Nordic countries. Nearly 50% of Norways population have access to at least one SH. Over the last 20-30 years, the average SH size has increased significantly (62.2 m2 in 1983 to 96.2 m2 in 2019) and a typical SH now holds very high material standard. Moreover, four times as many SHs were built in 2019 compared to 1983 (6455 versus 1600). In this period, the majority of the second home growth in Norway has taken place in the rural mountain areas (Skjeggedal et al. 2016), placing these areas under a multitude of interrelated pressures; Buildings and activities place local nature and biodiversity under pressure, but in addition the modern SHD trend also places pressure on the host-visitor relationships and land management systems, as well as altering local economies.Compared to other forms of recreation and tourism, Second home developments (SHD) poses particular challenges. SH owners are tourists, and exert similar impact on hosting communities, however, the dwelling use (Paris, 2014) of SHs, characterized by extended and repeated visits, sometimes spanning generations, implies different social, economic and ecological impacts than from other forms of tourism. Covering 39% of the total Norwegian area and 70% of Norways protected land, mountain municipalities are facing negative population trends, decreasing economic opportunities in the traditional industries and low accessibility to important public services. Since the 1990s rural areas have increasingly been portrayed as arenas for post-productivist amenity and leisure production for a growing urban population (Perkins 2006; Overvåg 2010; Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016). With widespread second home developments, intensive tourism developments, and other recreational use, new actors are claiming a stake in the outfields and in local governance (Overvåg et al. 2016). Existing research tends not to have dealt holistically with SH pressures. Despite a growing literature on the challenges mountain communities face (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2010) and the commodifications of rural resources (Perkins 2006, Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016), descriptions and analyses of local inhabitants and SH owners land use practices, experiences and meanings are still scarce. Without a better understanding of the increasing and transforming SH developments and its competing interests, values and practices, the pressures related to SH is likely to intensify, leading to conflicts and hampering ecological as well as economic and social sustainability.As the SH transforms to year-round use and even as a primary residence, the changed and increased recreational practices have put pressure on ecosystems (e.g. wild reindeer habitats), sheep and reindeer herding practices and local nature practices such as hunting and berry picking (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2019). Thus, recent SHD has increased tensions between nature users and nature conservationists and between hosts carrying out traditional local practices and visitors challenging these. While an array of branding and visitation strategies, initiated by national government, are being developed in protected areas throughout Norway, there is a lack of national policies and institutional support for SH management in local communities surrounding protected areas. While protected areas area managed by the State, SH planning lies within the realm of local government. Local authorities are thus in a strong position to guide development, however, asHall and Müller (2004) points out, it can also result in a lack of regional and national consistency in planning guidelines. The double challenge local councils face; few formal tools for visitation regulations outside protected areas, and the distinctive impacts from dwelling SH users, highlights the need for transgressing the current focus on building regulation, to a wider comprehensive planning for social sustainability in addition to economical and ecological sustainability. We therefore look at how SH are incorporated into the strategic planning process at local and regional levels, in ensuring sustainable development of SH in a broad sense. To better understand the degree and implications of these tensions and pressures, there is need to take a bottom-up perspective, looking at the SHD phenomenon by investigating different groups of peoples nature-based practices, their values and expressed attitudes and meanings, to further develop insights of relevance to local as well as national decision-making processes enabling a more sustainable second home development.  
  Call Number Serial 4372  
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Author Gundersen, V., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Human-wildlife interactions: The challenge of monitoring socio-ecological dimensions in Norwegian National Parks Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 18-19  
  Keywords (up) MMV10  
  Abstract Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation are the principal threats to biodiversity worldwide. In addition to the direct changes to the habitat caused by human activity, the mere presence of humans can prevent wildlife from accessing otherwise intact patches of habitat. This is exemplified by a wideranging species, wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. During winter, reindeer rely on lichens that are both vulnerable for wear and slow to regenerate. In summer months, the reindeer follow the retreat-ing snowpack as they seek greener vegetation and insectfree calving pastures. The wild reindeer is a challenging species to manage. It is adapted to survive in a mountain environment with extremely variable foraging conditions that require extensive seasonal movements. Human development of different kind of infrastructure, combined with increased human presence in their environment, mainly for for recreational purposes, have created an ever-changing disturbance regime. To monitor the human use component in this context, include the metrics of visitors spatial extent, temporal extent and variability, volume, type of activity and characteristics.Marked trails between tourist cabins are the most common infrastructure within wild reindeer ranges, and trail systems often transect large remote areas in such a way that that wild reindeer herds are forced to cross marked trails frequently. The key question is: what level of human disturbance can reindeer herds tolerate, in terms of user numbers per unit of time, before the reindeer movements are either severely hampered or cease altogether? The human use of trails within a wild reindeer range inevitably varies considerably during the summer peak tourist season. Some trail segments see as few as 1 person/day, while other segments have more than 500 person/day. The intensity of use can also vary considerably between different types of trails or paths and the terrain they cross. NINA uses several different methods to collect data on the spatiotemporal pattern of human presence in large mountain areas where use is widely dispersed: automatic counters (TrafX, EcoCounter), GPS surveys (Trackstics), asking visitors to draw their trips on a map, systematic moment observations, mobility bigdata (e.g. the Strava training smartphone app), and different kinds of secondary data. This talk will address these methods and give examples of potential methodological biases.  
  Call Number Serial 4381  
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Author Gundersen, V.; Andersen, O., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor counting and surveys in a dispersed-use mountain area in Norway Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 67-68  
  Keywords (up) MMV5, visitor monitoring, visitor counting, visitor survey, automatic counters, GPS tracking  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 76 Serial 2709  
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Author Andersen, O.; Gundersen, V.; Strand, O.; Panzacchi, M.; Vorkinn, M.; Fangel, K.; Van Moorter, B., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Wild reindeer interactions with recreationists: estimating spatiotemporal habitat use and potential conflict areas in two national parks in Norway Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 209-210  
  Keywords (up) MMV5, wild reindeer, visitor impact, monitoring, resource selection function model (RSF), conflict areas  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 256 Serial 2772  
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Author Andersen, O., Gundersen, V., Camilla, L., Stange, E., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Counting visitors in alpine areas: how sensor range, clothing, air temperature and visitor volume affects passive infrared counter accuracy Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 32-33  
  Keywords (up) MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 385 Serial 2829  
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Author Skår, M., Gundersen, V., Stordahl, G., Pareliussen, I., Bischoff, A., Follo, G., O’Brian, L., Worthington, R., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title How do children experience nature? Meaning-making and socialization to outdoor life Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 400-401  
  Keywords (up) MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 554 Serial 2998  
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Author Selvaag, S.; Gundersen, V.; Strand, O.; Panzacchi, E., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title Spatial segmentation of hikers and wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) at Hardangervidda National Park: Management Implications Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 11-13  
  Keywords (up) MMV9  
  Abstract Our study suggests a strong potential for coexistence between wild reindeer and tourists in Hardangervidda National Park, at large spatial scale, and indicates that wild reindeer move to refuge areas with less tourist infrastructure and fewer hikers during the peak tourist season. More specifically, the study identifies popular hiking trails that are predicted to hamper the possibilities for wild reindeer to migrate and access important resources.  
  Call Number Serial 4041  
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