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Author Kobayashi, A.; Aikoh, T.; Yamaki, K., pdf  url
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  Title (up) A Study on Procedures to Establish Standards Concerning Trail Management in Sub-Alpine Zones of Protected Areas Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 196-197  
  Keywords MMV3, Trail, management, procedure, protected area, sub-alpine, Japan, ecological, visual, Daisetsuzan  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 667 Serial 2457  
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Author Aikoh, T.; Shiino, A., pdf  url
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  Title (up) Changes in childrens lifestyle and outdoor activities due to COVID-19 in Japan Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 102-103  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract In Japan, from late February 2020, the number of people infected with COVID-19 increased. The governor declared a state of emergency on February 28 in Hokkaido, where the infection spread faster than in other parts of Japan. The Japanese government abruptly requested the closure of all elementary schools, junior high schools, and high schools starting March 2. Consequently, universities, high schools, elementary and junior high schools, kindergartens, and daycare facilities were closed, and parents had to stay home to care for their children. Although initially, there were no clear guidelines for going out or playing in parks, one week after the school closure, the government announced that outdoor exercise and walking will be allowed. Although there were some differences between areas, schools remained closed until the end of May. The three-month-long closure of schools restricted childrens outings and physical activities and significantly impacted their lifestyles, development, and mental health. In this study, we report on the changes in the lives of pre- schoolers, elementary school students, and junior high school students and indicate how their outdoor activities were changed during this period of school closure. The study is based on a questionnaire survey of childrens parents.  
  Call Number Serial 4245  
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Author Jones, T., Yamamoto, K., Aikoh, T., Kobayashi, A. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) Comparing Climber Monitoring Methods on Mount Fuji Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 242-244  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract Monitoring visitation is fundamental to effective management of protected areas, directing limited budgets towards mitigation of high priority impacts, such as those related to trails, trash and congestion. Accurate data is fundamental to negotiate problematic ‘hotspots’ and minimize conflicts between visitor segments (Eagles, 2014). However, although considerable research efforts have been devoted to monitoring visitation, many protected areas still function with inaccurate or out-of-date visitation statistics, exacerbated by a lack of systematic data collection due to various problems (Cope et al., 2000, Cessford & Muhar, 2003, Buckley 2009, Aikoh & Gokita, 2015):- – lack of multi-year time series due to changing count methods and institutional arrangements, – under-reporting due to multiple entrances, multiple access roads or non-tourist traffic, – representativeness of sample days undermined by weather conditions, public holidays, etc, – ‘guesstimates’ based on perceptions of staff or local volunteers, indirect or anecdotal evidence. In the ongoing quest for reliable, cost-effective collection methods, the pros and cons of on-site staff versus automated counters is a perennial question which this paper aims to contextualize using the case study example of two parallel systems currently being utilized on Mount Fuji’s north face.  
  Call Number Serial 3935  
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Author Aikoh, T.; Arnberger, A.; Shoji, Y.; Mieno, T., pdf  url
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  Title (up) Comparison of motivations and crowding preferences between Austrian and Japanese urban forest visitors Type
  Year 2008 Publication Management for Protection and Sustainable Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 4 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-65  
  Keywords MMV4, crowding, motivation, urban forest visitor, choice mode  
  Abstract Do Japanese urban forest visitors have the same crowding perceptions than European visitors? Traditionally, it has been considered that an Asian is more tolerant of congestion compared to Western people, because of their different cultural backgrounds and living conditions. However, in many Asian countries, life style has been rapidly westernized, and many Asian people travel or immigrate to Western countries. Our purpose is to investigate the differences of recreation motives and crowding preferences of urban forest visitors between Austria and Japan. We compared motivations and crowding perceptions of on-site forest visitors using the same questionnaires, asked in 2006. Visitors to the Viennese part of the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria (N = 312) and visitors to the Nopporo Forest Park in Sapporo, Japan (N = 302) were asked to rate 15 motivation items and to choose preferred scenarios of computer-generated choice set images of a discrete choice experiment. Among 15 motivation items, a statistic significant difference was found in 14 items. Both Austrian and Japanese respondents assigned high importance scores to health and nature observation. The Austrians rated highly the motives exercise/sport, quietness and recreation, whereas Japanese visitors placed more importance on experiencing nature and family. We found four motivation factors: Landscape, Solitude, Nature and Health. Results of the choice model showed that Austrian respondents preferred less walkers and dog walkers, whereas Japanese preferred less bikers, joggers and plant pickers. Japanese visitors scored higher on nature observation, and fewer bikers are in this urban forest. Conflicts with dog walkers have been one of the main management issues in the Austrian forest. We found that visitors’ crowding preferences are related to current trail use conditions, and to their motivations. Tourism and recreation become more and more globalized, and this information about differences and similarities of visitor attitudes based on different backgrounds will be helpful for urban forest management.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 906 Serial 2575  
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Author Mameno, K., Shoji, Y., Kubo, T., Aikoh, T., Tsuge, T. pdf  url
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  Title (up) Estimating preferences for pricing policies in Japanese national parks using best-worst scaling Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 436-438  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand preferences of the general Japanese public for pricing policies in the national park system applying the best-worst scaling (BWS) approach. One remarkable feature of Japanese national parks is that the most of costs for park services have traditionally financed not by visitors but by general taxpayers. Recently, however, the Japanese government has faced a serious financial shortage, each national park faces revenue shortfalls. In the near future, we need some fundamental changes in Japanese parks system on pricing policies. We have to know general Japanese citizens’ preferences for them.  
  Call Number Serial 3999  
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Author Kim, H.; Ito, R.; Shoji, Y.; Aikoh, T., pdf  url
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  Title (up) Evaluation of crowding acceptability in national recreation area using field and web-based surveys: A case study in Shiretoko World Heritage site Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 194-195  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract Crowding management is an important issue in the field of natural recreation. Our study site at Shiretoko National Park is one of Japans most popular natural recreation areas, visited by over 1 million visitors every year. Particularly in the summer season, many visitors want to observe bears, causing crowding problems. To solve these crowding issues, it is essential to determine the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas. To this end, investigating visitors crowding perceptions (crowding norms) is necessary. There are various approaches to measuring visitors crowding norms. More recently, visual approaches have been widely applied. This approach enables the identification of respondents crowding norms by asking them to identify the most acceptable level of crowding using photographs or illustrations (Manning & Freimund, 2004). As this approach uses photographs or illustrations, respondents can visibly recognize and recall the places in question (Manning & Freimund, 2004). Many studies investigating visitors crowding norms have been conducted using field and web- based surveys. However, researchers have given limited attention to explaining how crowding norms differ between fields and potential visitors. When determining the appropriate carrying capacity in natural recreation areas, it is necessary to consider both visitor types crowding norms; this paper investigates these, providing suggestions for determining the appropriate carrying capacity.  
  Call Number Serial 4287  
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Author Li, C-L.; Liu, K-Y.; Aikoh, T. pdf  url
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  Title (up) Modelling service quality, satisfaction and behaviour intention among cultures: the case of cultural and language group in Taiwan Type
  Year 2014 Publication The 7th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Local Community and Outdoor Recreation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 7 - Proceedings Issue Pages 106-107  
  Keywords MMV7  
  Abstract  
  Call Number Serial 3072  
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Author Aikoh, T., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) Monitoring Trampling Impacts in the Disposal of Human Waste at Campsites and Visitors’ Attitudes to a Carry-out System Type
  Year 2006 Publication Exploring the Nature of Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 3 - Proceedings Issue Pages 436-437  
  Keywords MMV3, Trampling, campsite, aerial photograph, pack-out, plastic bag, attitude, visitor  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 825 Serial 2535  
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Author Aikoh, T., Gokita, R. pdf  url
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  Title (up) Status of, issues with, and manager attidutes toward visitor monitoring in Japans national parks Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 334-335  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract Monitoring of visitor behavior and attitude is indispensable for management of protected areas, including national parks, and accurate information regarding such is thought to lead to prudent management (Cessford & Muhar, 2003). It is essential to know the number of visitors and their trends, motivation, and satisfaction. That information is useful for making decisions concerning the planning and management of parks and is essential for sustainable and appropriate use of these protected areas (Hornback & Eagles, 1999). This study aimed to clarify the current condition of visitor monitoring in Japanese national parks and to understand the issues and attitudes of park managers.  
  Call Number Serial 4154  
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Author Aikoh, T., Kubo, T., Inaba, A., Shoji, Y., pdf  url
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  Title (up) The Actual Situation and the Attitude of Visitors toward Feeding of Wild Animals in the Japanese Suburban Forest Type
  Year 2016 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 8 - Proceedings Issue Pages 27-29  
  Keywords MMV8  
  Abstract In Japan, the number of local governments prohibiting feeding of wild animals in municipal bylaw has increased recently. Feeding of brown bears, wild boars, and Japanese monkeys for recreational purposesis prohibited in some municipalities. In Sapporo City, feeding of squirrels and wild birds in the suburban forest is causing concern, and conflict with other visitors is increasing (Aikoh & Wei, 2013). The manager cannot take specific countermeasures, because feeding is not prohibited in the suburban forest. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to understand the attitudes of visitors for feeding. In this study, we investigated the actual situation regarding feeding of wild animals in a suburban forest, and visitors’ attitudes towards feeding activities, proper distance from wild animals, and the necessity of countermeasures against feeding. We aimed to propose suggestionsbased on our results for the future management of the suburban forest in Sapporo city.  
  Call Number Serial 3868  
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Author Schaller, H., Ólafsdóttir, R., Aikoh, T., pdf  url
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  Title (up) The footprints of tourism: Environmental sensitivity and impact of tourism on hiking trails in Iceland and Japan Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 202-203  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 463 Serial 2907  
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Author Toyama, M.; Take, M.; Aikoh, T.; Kadekaru, T.; Terasaki, T., pdf  url
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  Title (up) The frequency of scraping trees by kayaking in mangrove estuary in Okinawa, Japan Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 27-28  
  Keywords MMV5, kayaking, kayakers’ behavior, ecological impact, guided tour  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 274 Serial 2690  
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Author Aikoh, T., Wang, M.; Gokita, R.; Shoji, Y. pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) Trends and awareness of foreign visitors in national parks – a case study of national parks Japan Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 408-410  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract What factors attract foreign visitors? Although facility improvement and diversification of services have the advantage of improving the convenience of Japanese users, there is also concern about their impact on natural resources and mismatch with the needs of foreign visitors. Thus, it is indispensable to examine the trends and needs of foreign visitors. In this study, the aim is to clarify the pattern of visits to national parks and the characteristics of foreigners visiting national parks and their needs  
  Call Number Serial 4177  
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Author Kim, H.; Shoji, Y.; Tsuge, T.; Aikoh, T.; Kuriyama,K. pdf  url
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  Title (up) Understanding the demand for ecosystem services provides by park and green spaces: using the partial profile choice experiment Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 353-355  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the demand for ecosystem services (ESs) provided by parks and green spaces in Sapporo (northern Japan) using a partial profile choice experiment (PPCE), which is an application of a discrete choice experiment (DCE).  
  Call Number Serial 4159  
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Author Akashi, M.; Shoji, Y.; Aikoh, T., pdf  url
openurl 
  Title (up) Understanding the Distance Between Humans and Brown Bears That Tourists Consider Appropriate: A case Study at Shiretoko National Park, Japan Type
  Year 2018 Publication Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 9 - Proceedings Issue Pages 8-10  
  Keywords MMV9  
  Abstract This study’s purpose was to understand distance between humans and brown bears that domestic and foreign tourists consider appropriate at Shiretoko National Park in northern Japan.  
  Call Number Serial 4040  
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Author Aikoh, T.; Kikuchi, K.; Shoji, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title (up) Visitors’ attitudes to the collection of voluntary fees in national parks in Japan Type
  Year 2010 Publication Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 5 - Proceedings Issue Pages 201-202  
  Keywords MMV5, voluntary fee, entrance fee, usage fee, visitor attitude  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 6 Serial 2768  
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Author Aikoh, T., Ohba, K., Shoji, Y., Kubo, T., pdf  url
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) Visitors’ attitudes toward introducing a new visitor management program into a brown bear habitat in Japan Type
  Year 2012 Publication The 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change – Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Abbreviated Journal NULL  
  Volume MMV 6 - Proceedings Issue NULL Pages 308-309  
  Keywords MMV6  
  Abstract NULL  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 511 Serial 2955  
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Author Machida, R.; Aikoh, T.; Take, M.; Matsushima, H.; Yasushi, S.; Mikami, N.; Mitarai, Y., pdf  url
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  Title (up) Volunteer activities for semi-natural grassland conservation in Japan and the impact of COVID-19 on these activities Type
  Year 2021 Publication The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MINA fagrapport Issue Pages 64-65  
  Keywords MMV10  
  Abstract The changes in the landscape are caused by the economic and social forces of the early 19th century and particularly of the 20th century (Matej M., Frantisek P., 2013). The community of Nezasa (Pleioblastus yoshidake) and Susuki (Miscanthus sinensis) plants forming the typical semi-natural grasslands of Japan used to cover approximately 10% of the land of Japan until the 1930s. The semi-natural grasslands have been managed by local agricultural activities such as controlled burning, mowing and pasturage for over 1000 years, but recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue. In the Second National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan, the Japanese government designated such landscape crisis as Crisis 2, which is “the degradation of Satochi-satoyama (rural landscapes formed by sustainable use of natural resources) due to insufficient level of management”.(Ministry of the Environment, 2012). But recently, due to the decline in the livestock industry and the gradually aging population, the landscape management of semi-natural grasslands has become increasingly difficult. The loss of semi-natural grasslands, which have decreased to less than 3% of the national land has become a key issue.  
  Call Number Serial 4227  
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