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Records |
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Author |
Bodnár, R., |
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Title |
Vandalism and its prevention possibilities in the region of Lake Balaton |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
337-342 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Environmental education, solution possibilities, vandalism, visitor conflicts |
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Abstract |
Lake Balaton – the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe – has been a favourite destination for hundred thousands of Hungarian and foreign visitors for long decades. The study area of the present paper, the Tapolca Basin that has a Mediterranean atmosphere is found on the northern shore of the lake. Nature protectional measures were able to impede mining damaging the basalt capped buttes of the basin providing scenery of European fame, however, they seem to be powerless against vandalism. Sad picture is gained while hiking on the study trails of the Balaton Uplands National Park experiencing that pointless destruction makes site tables unreadable. The main aim of the paper is to draw attention to that harmonizing current known methods and measures and applying new ideas significant improvement could be reached in protecting our natural values against vandalism at relatively low cost and with some care. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1036 |
Serial |
2639 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Brandenburg, C.; Lexer, W.; Heckl, F.; Muhar, A.; Reimoser, F.; Zink, R.; Bartel, A., |
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Title |
Nobody knows the trouble they cause? The behaviour of forest users and their knowledge about wildlife disturbance |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
343-343 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Awareness of wildlife disturbance, sustainable recreational use, visitor management |
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Abstract |
The Biosphere Reserve Wienerwald frames the west and south side of Vienna, the capital city of Austria. High biodiversity and conservation values are given by a large contiguous forest area and interlocked grass lands. The Wienerwald is a major large-scale wildlife habitat and part of a supra-regional ecological corridor. Due to the close proximity of the city, the area is characterised by high use intensities and pressures caused by intense recreational uses, a strong demand for hunting opportunities: high hunting pressure as well as urban sprawl, land take, habitat loss and fragmentation. In order to reduce negative impacts towards wildlife caused by recreational activities, foresting and farming, landowners and tourism management organisations developed various regulations and management regimes for the use of the Wienerwald. The aim of the presented research project funded by the Austrian Academy of Science was to investigate the familiarity with those rules as well as the level of acceptance and compliance with the site regulations. On-site interviews and mailing surveys using standardised questionnaires were taken to address the project objectives. Altogether 1334 land users like foresters and farmers as well as recreationists, like hikers, horse riders, mountain bikers and joggers were asked if they were aware of the problems and conflicts caused to wildlife and wildlife management by certain behaviour such as off-trail use, off leash dog walking, if they knew the further-reaching implications of disturbing wildlife, and in the end if they observed the rules. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1038 |
Serial |
2640 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bråtå, H.O.; Moranduzzo, M., |
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Title |
Managing and monitoring allowance for new second homes in the Rondane Region, Norway |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
129-133 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Common pool resource, regional planning, Rondane, second homes, wild reindeer |
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Abstract |
The Rondane mountain region, in South-East Norway, is very popular for recreational purposes. The region is also the habitat for 4500 wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The reindeer are hunted in controlled forms as part of the area management and harvesting of nature. This rural region suffers from decreasing population figures, reduced agricultural activity and declining economic activity in general. Boosting economic activity by increasing tourism, especially in second homes, is thought to be one way of mitigating this decline. Increased recreational activity may however negatively influence a sustainable development of the wild reindeer herd. In order to manage this possibly conflicting interest, local and regional authorities in 1991 set up a regional development plan, covering relevant parts of 14 municipalities in the Hedmark and Oppland counties. Research indicates that taken actions to some extent have managed to balance increase in tourism and protect vital space for wild reindeer. Still, the exact localization of existing and new second homes, and hence the development of new interventions, was until some years ago, not possible to analyse at an aggregated level. Such monitoring is important. A Norwegian real estate register, mapping the exact geographic position of buildings and their year of construction, has however become an important means for such monitoring. By the end of 2005 there were about 18,000 second homes mapped in the region. Increased GIS knowledge has now made it possible to develop detailed analysis of localization of second homes, i.e. distance from the wild reindeer core area, and analyse the development by statistic tools. This is a breakthrough and is anticipated to influence the management of the region and strengthen the potential for balancing economic activity and maintenance of biological diversity. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 944 |
Serial |
2593 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Buckley, A., |
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Title |
Right or responsibility? Local people as ‘visitors’ in protected areas on the south coast of Western Australia |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
363-367 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Australian protected areas, local people, passive and active nature-based recreation, remote areas |
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Abstract |
The environmental impact of local people recreating in nature is an under-studied aspect of protected area management. A recent review of nature-based recreation was undertaken in regional south-western Australia. Surrounded by an array of protected areas — including a national park with World Heritage status — the local residents of this remote Western Australian location have relatively unrestricted access to a variety of protected landscapes. A recent mineral resources boom in Western Australia has heralded a return to mining in the area, accompanied by a considerable population increase — both as itinerant and permanent miners. For local people and environmental managers alike, this influx has raised concerns about the carrying capacity of this fragile ecosystem to sustain the wilderness recreation activities of the newly arrived mining community. This paper draws on evidence gathered from a study commissioned by the regional environmental authority and outlines the extent to which local people, both long term and recent arrivals can be considered ‘visitors’ to these protected places. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1048 |
Serial |
2645 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Buckley, R., |
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Title |
Tourism as a Conservation Tool |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
19-25 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Connectivity, funding, ecotourism, wildlife |
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Abstract |
Tourism and conservation interact principally through public visitation to public protected areas. In addition, however, tourism can generate funding and political support for conservation in multiple-use areas, community conservancies or private reserves. These tenures are likely to prove increasingly important for conservation under growing pressure from human population growth and anthropogenic climate change. The most successful model seems to be through up-market wildlife-watching lodges in private reserves adjacent to larger public protected areas in developing countries. Private companies such as Conservation Corporation Africa and Wilderness Safaris, operating principally in sub-Saharan Africa, have developed successful business models which do also make significant net contributions to conservation of biological diversity. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 888 |
Serial |
2566 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Burns, R.; Graefe, A.; English, D., |
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Title |
Visitor measuring and monitoring challenges on remote national forests: The case of Alaska, USA |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
134-134 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Alaska, recreation use, national forests, visitor monitoring |
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Abstract |
The purpose of this project was to identify and evaluate the set of issues associated with recreation use studies measuring and monitoring in Region 10 of the USDA Forest Service (Alaska), and more specifically within the Chugach and Tongass National Forests. The unique environment and conditions of Alaska have long posed significant challenges to recreation monitoring efforts, and several previous efforts have been undertaken to address this topic, both internally (Reed, 2003) and externally (Stynes, 2006). The US Forest Service uses the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) protocol to measure and monitor visitor use on all of its national forests. In 2000, an initial attempt to measure visitor use on the Tongass National Forest was conducted. Only 138 of 165 planned sampling days were completed, resulting in a completion rate of 84 percent (USDA 2001). This was the lowest achievement rate among all regions, which averaged 95 percent overall. An in depth review suggested that weather was not a factor and that the low accomplishment rate was attributable to personnel and strategic problems experienced by the sample districts. Approximately 12 interviews were conducted, along with a review of literature focusing on this issue. A series of approximately 20—25 recommendations were made to managers as a result of the review and interviews. It is intended that the results of this review will ultimately aid in customizing the survey protocol and instruments for the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) and related recreation use monitoring studies in this region. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 946 |
Serial |
2594 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Campbell, M.J.; MacKay, K.J.; Walker, D.J.; Dranzoa, C., |
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Title |
Strengthening local support for community tourism (in Uganda) through University – Community Partnerships |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
475-479 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Community tourism, GIS, partnerships, Uganda |
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Abstract |
Rural poverty, poor environmental health and the resultant threat to biodiversity are significant impediments to sustainable tourism development in Uganda. These problems reinforce one another and are compounded by: a) weak institutional linkages between rural communities, NGOs, universities, government departments and public policy makers; b) deficiencies in community oriented professional skills in sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation; c) the need to transform community attitudes to view parks and protected areas and wildlife as natural capital on which rural livelihoods can be improved; and d) the need for interdisciplinary approaches in higher learning to address intertwined problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development. The University of Manitoba in co-operation with Makerere University in Uganda has initiated a program to address these issues though the development of: 1) a master’s degree at Makerere University; 2) a strategic partner’s network and; 3) three demonstration projects in communities surrounding national parks. This poster presents initial results that illustrate how the university community-partnership is leading to stronger institutional links to not only the university and community but also to NGOs and government departments while providing much needed capacity building in local communities. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1088 |
Serial |
2665 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Campbell, M.J.; Walker, D., |
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Title |
The future of recreation ecology in Canada: go big or go home? |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
47-52 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Big science and multi disciplinary teams, necessity and inevitability of impacts, recreation ecology, recreation habitats |
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Abstract |
In Canada, tension between the reaction to the declining number of visitors to protected areas and the potential for unmitigated impacts of the attendant attempts to increase visitation, highlights the need for an expansion of the role of recreation ecology from merely chronicling impacts to, what might hopefully be termed, “optimizing” them. Despite over four decades of significant growth and development internationally, recreation ecology remains a somewhat obscure discipline in Canada. At MMV-3 Marion (1) identified a small group of “active” recreation ecology researchers in Canada many of whose work was an extension of their primary research purpose. Indeed most researchers working in recreation ecology in Canada are unlikely to view themselves as recreational ecologists, but in terms of their source disciplines (Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Geography). As such, recreation ecology in Canada is often an avocation reflecting the intersection of the researchers’ primary interest with an opportunity presented or identified by park managers. One result of this has been an almost exclusive focus on impacts with all its attendant negative associations. Impacts associated with outdoor recreation have been recognized as inevitable (2). I would argue that they are also necessary and that much outdoor recreation cannot take place without impacts. Recent research on recreational habitats in remote areas of northern Canada highlighted the importance of impacted nodes and corridors to recreational activity (3). The rearguard action we have been engaged in with the focus on previously impacted sites has prevented the effective application of recreation ecology to as yet “undiscovered” recreation areas and the optimization of impacts for recreation. Doing so will require an investment in “big science” incorporating multi-disciplinary teams. This will be challenging given that recreation ecology has struggled to be funded even at “small science” levels, particularly so in Canada, where it falls between the cracks of the national granting councils. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 896 |
Serial |
2570 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chiari, S.; Schmid, F.; Muhar, A.; Muhar, S., |
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Title |
Recreational functions of rivers in Austria: an approach to the visitors’ perspective |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
247-251 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Behaviour, preferences, requirements, river recreation, user survey |
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Abstract |
In the past Austrian rivers faced a series of human impacts leading to a loss of both ecological and social functionality. River restoration measures aim to improve this functionality, however, they are currently mostly targeted at ecological functions rather than at recreation. To prevent conflicts between ecological integrity and recreational needs integrated river management is demanded. So far river recreation in Austria is an unknown quantity, as profound data are lacking. The range of present river-based recreational activities can only roughly be estimated. The ongoing project “Future options for the development of riverine landscapes – space requirements for multifunctionality” aims to fill this gap. Concerning recreationists’ dispersion, behaviour and preferences data is collected along three rivers (Enns, Drau, Lech). The first step of the methodological approach was an explorative preparatory study conducted in 2007. Qualitative face-to-face interviews should clarify which factors influence river recreationists in terms of how they perceive the river, what they appreciate about the setting and what compromises their quality of experience. Based on these results a semi-standardised questionnaire was developed for a quantitative survey conducted in 2008, covering topics such as visitation motives, use patterns, habits, and perceptive aspects using image-based choice statements. Additionally the extent of river recreation is assessed via peak-day observations documenting recreational characteristics like number of visits, length of stay and activities. Preliminary results indicate that most people associate calmness and relaxation with river recreation rather than adventure and action. In particular, the acoustic scenery and certain natural attributes play a major role. Most people state, that they prefer natural river sections for recreational purposes. However, some ecologically valuable features such as woody debris seem to bother them. Further steps aim to identify key factors for the usability of rivers, integrating both objective factors such as the biophysical setting and subjective issues such as aesthetics and personal preferences. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 998 |
Serial |
2620 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chilman, K.; Wadzinski, L.; West, A., |
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Title |
A new recreation visitor inventory that parallels other resource inventories |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
301-304 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Decision-making, management, public participation, visitor inventory |
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Abstract |
A Rapid Assessment Visitor Inventory (RAVI) has been developed for inexpensively obtaining representative samples of place-specific visitor numbers and perceptions of attributes of their visit experience. It has been tested in 13 studies on 7 federal and state parks and conservation areas in 4 states. The inventory data are used by field-level managers in decision meetings with other persons in the management organization and with individuals and groups external to the organization. Examples of the application and use of a RAVI study, and a repeat measurement for monitoring purposes are discussed. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1022 |
Serial |
2632 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cihar, M.; Trebicky, V.; Stankova, J., |
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Title |
Stakeholder’s monitoring and involvement: management option for Sumava National Park (Czech Republic) |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
271-276 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Local people, management, monitoring, nature tourism, public administration, visitors |
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Abstract |
The paper presents the results of long-term monitoring and surveys of three major stakeholder’s groups in Sumava National Park (SNP) – visitors, local people and public administration (mayors). SNP is the largest Czech national park situated in the southeast part of the country. In 1990s and 2000s the park became a popular nature tourism destination, mainly for domestic visitors. Views and attitudes of stakeholder groups to conservation and environmental management activities were analysed and compared. Primary data was statistically treated using the χ2 test for evaluation of homogeneity of results from different years of monitoring and different stakeholder groups. The results show that management, development and nature tourism in SNP went through significant changes over the last ten years. Monitoring of stakeholder’s opinions and attitudes and their involvement in a local decision making process is crucial for development of a new management plan of SNP. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1010 |
Serial |
2626 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Clivaz, C.; Favre, N., |
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Title |
Valais excellence: a system to better manage visitor flows during sport events |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
102-106 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Impact analysis, Management system, Sport events |
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Abstract |
The tourist areas seek more and more to organize (outdoor) sport events. These events generate many impacts from the point of view of sustainable development. Often proceeding in rural and/or protected landscapes, their environmental impact must be managed in an optimal way by the organizers. In the same time, these events have to maximize their social and economic benefits for the host area. This paper presents the management system “Valais excellence” developed in Switzerland and discusses its contribution to a sustainable management of the various impacts of sport events. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 932 |
Serial |
2588 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cocchi, P., |
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Title |
Preface |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
9-9 |
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Keywords |
MMV4 |
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Abstract |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 879 |
Serial |
2562 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Colas, S.; Fitton, M.; Thaxter, P., |
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Title |
The progress project: the dynamics of involving the public in managing Peri-Urban Forests |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
165-168 |
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Keywords |
MMV4 |
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Abstract |
The EU Forest Action Plan gives special emphasis to the benefits of Urban and Peri-urban forests for public recreation and as an aid to public understanding of conservation issues. At the same time forest and green recreation is being promoted in national agendas because of perceived therapeutic benefits. This strong promotion of forest recreation has re-kindled the concerns that recreation use would damage the resource and have major detrimental impact on biodiversity. The PROGRESS project, which focussed on two peri-urban forests in England and France, offered the opportunity to review these issues. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 962 |
Serial |
2602 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cole, D.N., |
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Title |
The significance of recreation impacts: The importance of scale |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
53-53 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Recreation ecology, special scale, ecological impact |
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Abstract |
Recreation managers often consider the ecological impacts of recreation to be serious problems that need to be mitigated. Conversely, protected area ecologists often consider such impacts to be trivial. Such differences of opinion result from applying divergent evaluative criteria to assessing the significance of recreation impacts. It reflects lack of attention to questions of significance and, in particular, inadequate exploration of scale issues in recreation ecology. Impacts might be considered significant if they represent a substantial loss of ecological integrity or if they are perceived by recreation users to be highly disagreeable. Although not mutually exclusive, impacts on ecological integrity and human perception provide different criteria for evaluating significance. Cole and Landres [1] propose that the ecological significance of an impact is a function of both impact and attribute characteristics. Significance increases with the areal extent, intensity and longevity of the impact and with the rarity and irreplaceability of the impacted attribute. To be significant, from the perspective of human perception, the impacts have to be noticeable. In addition, the most disagreeable impacts are one’s that result from what is considered inappropriate behavior. Given these relevant criteria, this paper explores research that can help in assessing the significance of ecological impacts and suggests which impacts are likely to be most critically important. In particular, the paper reviews what is known about the spatial scale of impacts, since this is relevant to assessing both the areal extent of impacts and how noticeable impacts are. The impacts that are most significant perceptually are often quite different from the impacts that are ecologically most significant. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 898 |
Serial |
2571 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Colson, V.; Lejeune, P., |
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Title |
A regional travel model for predicting the number of visitors in forests: application to the Walloon region |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
417-421 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, decay curve, forest recreation, GIS, travel model, Wallonia |
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Abstract |
The Walloon forests are visited by local people and tourists but the importance of forest recreation is very different from one part of the Region to another. As it was particularly difficult to obtain quantified information by counting, a model has been built by GIS and taking results from different surveys (telephone survey and face-to-face interviews) into account. This model makes the distinction between local visitors and one-day tourists coming from the neighbouring regions (in a buffer zone of 50 km). A decay curve based on travel time is used for predicting the number of visits throughout all Walloon forests from each departure point. An attraction function is added to the model to attribute each visit to a woodland and different scenarios have been tested to obtain a distribution of people by regions of provenance as similar as the results of surveys. At a regional level, this model is a good alternative for counting and gives a good overview of the forests for which recreation activities are more relevant and have to be taken into account in forest management plans. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1066 |
Serial |
2654 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cottrell, S.P., |
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Title |
Perceptions, attitudes and perceived benefits of local residents about tourism development in and around European Protected Area Network Parks |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
72-76 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Sustainability, tourism, indicators, monitoring |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the European Protected Area Network (PAN Parks) approach (mixed methods) for monitoring resident beliefs about the benefits of PAN Parks status and satisfaction with tourism development. Comparison of results and lessons learned from studies done in Poland, Bulgaria, and Finland are given. Hypothesizes imply that economic, socio-cultural, ecological, and institutional dimensions of sustainable tourism influence perceived benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development. As residents’ satisfaction with the economic, socio-cultural, institutional and ecological aspects of sustainable tourism increase, so do beliefs about the benefits of PAN Park status and satisfaction with tourism development in the PAN Park regions. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 914 |
Serial |
2579 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Duke, D.; Quinn, M., |
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Title |
Methodological considerations for using remote cameras to monitor the ecological effects of trails users: lessons from research in Western Canada |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
441-445 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Remote cameras, access management, monitoring methods, wildlife |
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Abstract |
The Livingstone River Area in southwestern Alberta, Canada is an ecologically significant area of public land that provides an important connection between adjacent protected areas. Most of the area is zoned for multiple use; which means the area is available for resource extraction and recreational activity. Recreational use in this area consists primarily of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, random access camping and fly fishing. Recreational use is largely unmanaged and increasing. The proliferation of trails and campsites has become extensive in the past decade. Furthermore, much of this activity is concentrated along critical riparian movement corridors and in sensitive montane, subalpine and alpine environments. Human use and associated linear disturbance is recognized as among the most significant habitat fragmentation factor limiting sensitive wildlife (especially large carnivores) in the region. We have developed a sampling method that employs remote digital infrared cameras on known human trails and wildlife trails. The cameras have proven to be very effective for monitoring all trail use. We provide a review of our methods, report on the effectiveness of the cameras and provide some guidance on the use of cameras based on the lessons we have learned. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1074 |
Serial |
2658 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Eder, R.; Kahler, A.; Arnberger, A., |
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Title |
Assessment of a passive infrared counter with a remote data transfer facility |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
480-482 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Passive infrared sensor, remote data transfer, video monitoring |
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Abstract |
This study evaluated the reliability of the Ecocounter – Ecotwin© equipped with a remote control facility (Eco-GSM-unit) under different conditions. The counter is connected to a modem, which allows transferring data from the counter to the office via internet. We will discuss the reliability of the modem and the influences of the different locations and surroundings on it. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1090 |
Serial |
2666 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Eisenhut, A.; Haller, R.; Raper, J., |
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Title |
How does topography influence the use of the mobile guide WebParkSNP in the Swiss National Park? |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
433-437 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Location based services, Swiss National Park, Visitor management, Visitor monitoring |
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Abstract |
Since 2005, the Swiss National Park offers a mobile information system called WebParkSNP which provides content about the users surroundings using smart phone services and GPS. Up to now, little is known about the use of Location Based Services (LBS) by visitors of remote and protected areas and about the contents they are interested in. WebParkSNP logs time, location and content of each action the user conducts. Contents are not only pushed but can be accessed from every location. With the consent of 419 users, WebParkSNP’s log files of the summer season 2007 have been analysed in order to compare the user’s actions with the topography of the Park. Topography is composed of specific places (vegetation classes, aspect, and slope of the trail), facilities (resting areas, huts) and viewpoints. The results show that clustering of access occurs on steeper slopes, within facilities, and on viewpoints on certain routes. The content accessed differs between facilities and other places. Nevertheless, these patterns are not only determined by topography but also by behavioural aspects; the use of the guide depends on the daytime and on the distance from the starting point of the walk as well. These results allow the evaluation and improvement of LBS concerning content and locations. In addition, conclusions can be drawn about the development and improvement of other offers in the Park. Further analysis and the integration of other visitor surveys like census and questionnaires will show the potential for more general insights into visitor behaviour in protected areas. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1072 |
Serial |
2657 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Elmazi, L.; Gorica, K., |
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Title |
Economic effect of alternative tourism. Events and festivals |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
368-372 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Economic effects, alternative tourism, multicultural communities |
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Abstract |
The analyze of the tourism cities within Albania show that communities as emerged tourism destination offer culture, tradition and events, and also, show us that events and festivals have the capacity to celebrate community identity particularly in multi-cultural events and festivals. The involvement of local community in creating opportunities and furthermore, competitive advantages, is very important for management and marketing of events and festivals, especially in multi-cultural communities. The research investigates the different interpretations of community, the concept of communities and the role of events and festivals in articulating community identity within distinct localities. It is necessary the compilation of a strategic marketing plan which will involve the community in tourism events and festivals, which at last will follow up with sustainability. Drafting perfect marketing strategies is always one side of the management task that should not be underestimated. This task becomes extremely difficult since in many cases a direct conflict exists between the site managers who to keep restricted numbers of visitors for preservation reasons, local people who look the events as a way to generate revenues, and national governments who like to use its image as a marketing device. Heritage and Cultural Tourism is the most important part of the Albanian tourism product and successful element of the national economy. Albania is considered as a new cultural destination in the tourism marketplace, as a Balkan country of dramatic natural beauty, with a wealth of historic buildings and ancient archaeological sites that can compare, for interest and variety with any in the Mediterranean world. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1050 |
Serial |
2646 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Bowker, J.M., |
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Title |
Trap shyness in onsite visitor surveys; evidence from the U.S |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
135-138 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Estimation bias, onsite surveys, recreation visitation, trap shyness |
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Abstract |
In onsite surveys of visitors, whether the purpose is estimating visitation volume or characteristics of the visit population, those who visit the area multiple times per year are candidates to be surveyed more than one time. In such surveys, each visit represents a unique sampling unit. However, individuals may be unwilling to be surveyed after the first contact. The phenomenon is similar to ‘trap shyness’ in wildlife studies wherein an animal learns to avoid traps after the initial experience. If trap shyness exists, it has the potential to bias the results for either or both visitation estimation or describing the average visit characteristics. There is some anecdotal evidence that trap shyness does exist, and could be problematic for long-term surveys such as the National Visitor Use Monitoring program used by the US Forest Service. This paper describes the conceptual framework for how trap shyness can affect both visitation estimates and visit characteristics, identify empirical hypotheses to be tested that provide evidence of trap shyness, present results for the hypotheses, and describe possible improvements to sampling processes that could determine it existence and extent. Data for the paper come from onsite surveying collected during the period October 2004 – September 2007 for about three dozen National Forests. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 948 |
Serial |
2595 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Erkkonen, J.; Kajala, L., |
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Title |
The role of recreation demand and supply information in monitoring outdoor recreation sustainability |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
139-143 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Database applications, nature tourism, outdoor recreation, sustainability, visitor monitoring |
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Abstract |
Metsähallitus bears major responsibility for the development of tourism in Finland’s state-owned protected and recreational areas. In order to further develop the existing potential for high-quality recreation and nature tourism in these areas, Metsähallitus is implementing a set of key measures for the development of sustainable nature tourism. The measures are applied through sustainable nature tourism management plans, which are implemented in all areas in which recreation and/or nature tourism exists to a significant degree. An essential aspect of the drafting process of the sustainable nature tourism management plans is the setting of standards, i.e. limits, of acceptable change for selected sustainable recreation and nature tourism criteria by means of participatory planning. Metsähallitus started out with an extensive range of applicable criteria. On the basis of experiences gained from pilot projects and a targeted evaluation and selection process, the number of criteria was subsequently significantly narrowed down to a set of around 20 key criteria. This was found to be a manageable and effective number once the most essential variables had been selected and their measurement standardised. For information management, Metsähallitus uses database applications for the demand and supply data, which can be used to produce reports on current figures and trends, ranging in scale from individual areas to regions and to the national level. This paper describes the development process of the approach and methods applied by Metsähallitus in monitoring the sustainability of outdoor recreation and nature tourism in Finland. In addition, a case study example from Pyhä-Luosto National Park is used to illustrate the system at the park level. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 950 |
Serial |
2596 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Figueiredo, E., |
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Title |
Quiet struggles – conflicts between residents, visitors and protected and recreational areas’ administrations |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
26-32 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, remote rural areas, rural protected and recreational areas, social conflicts, social perceptions |
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Abstract |
The paper aims to discuss the conflicting situations which can occur between residents, visitors and political and administrative entities in protected and recreational areas, particularly in the ones located in remote rural spaces. Rural areas (both legally protected and without protection status) are increasingly valued in contemporary societies as environmental reserves. Consequently rural areas are progressively perceived as amenities and as objects of consumption mainly by urban or non local populations. The visitors’ demands and consumptions of rural protected and recreational areas tend to prevail over the local populations’ needs and aspirations in terms of socioeconomic development. The non coincidence between the desired and the lived rural environment tends to create a number of conflicts among the various stakeholders. These areas tend to become the scenario for both latent and manifest struggles, considering the contradictory perceptions, needs, interests and desires held by the different social actors. Based on empirical evidence from some Portuguese rural protected and recreational areas we will debate not only the existence of two clearly contrasting visions, but also the consequences these can have in terms of future social and economic development and environmental protection strategies. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 890 |
Serial |
2567 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Fredman, P.; Ernerfeldt Burman, L., |
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Title |
Outdoor recreation in change. A Swedish program on outdoor recreation research |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
483-483 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Outdoor, recreation, change, sweden |
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Abstract |
Outdoor Recreation in Change is an interdisciplinary research program which will analyze current dynamics of outdoor recreation and nature based tourism in Sweden, forming a thorough knowledge base for future research and monitoring. The program is organized into six projects to emphasize the diversity of outdoor recreation research. (1) The research is integrated through a common empirical arena that includes case studies of recreation landscapes and a national survey to provide information on outdoor recreation activities, participation and constraints. This will give a comprehensive input to five deepening projects: (2) Outdoor recreation patterns (motives, access, urban-rural tensions, gender, immigrants, youth, non-users and trends); (3) Urban proximate nature (outdoor recreational opportunities, economics and health); (4) Outdoor recreation in spatial planning (land use, conflict resolution, impact assessment and local management); (5) Outdoor recreation and nature conservation (integrated land management, environmental education and guiding); and (6) Nature-based tourism for regional development (demand, supply, impacts, protected areas and governance). Communication at three levels (information, dialogue and collaboration) will establish strong linkages and ensure that results are disseminated to a broad group of external stakeholders and practitioners. The program, which is financed by the Environmental Protection Agency, is planned for six years and involves 18 researchers at seven universities in Sweden. This presentation will give an overview of the program, current program activities, and highlights of recent results. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1092 |
Serial |
2667 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
García-Ventura, D.; Tejedo, P.; Muñoz-Santos, M.; Benayas, J., |
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Title |
Potential interpretation index: a tool for assessing landscape diversity from pathways |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
510-510 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Landscape, pathways, ecological divesity index |
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Abstract |
Nowadays, a well developed net of pathways allows people to enjoy nature in countryside. Into natural protected areas, the pathway network is generally used to bring closer natural /cultural values and visitors. However, the design of these interpretation pathways usually doesn’t bear in mind how much representative are them to make a complete visit through all landscapes of the natural protected area. We have developed an index based on useful and popular ecological diversity index (Shannon-Wiener, 1948), which has been applied to 56 pathways open to visitors in 6 Spanish National Parks. This Potential Interpretation Index takes into account several factors with high attractiveness to visitors, like environmental units, water bodies and slopes. In addition, we consider these topics either crossed by the pathways than observed from these ones. Spatial data was processed by GIS tools in order to obtain landscape diversity and viewshed from each pathway in these National Parks. The result of this work is an index easier to apply in natural protected areas and the whole countryside, in order to asses its significance for interpretation activities and for guaranteeing a representative visit to the area. This tool could be added to others planning models in natural protected areas management, with the aim of reconcile conservation and visitors use. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1112 |
Serial |
2677 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ghelichipour, Z.; Muhar, A., |
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Title |
Visitor risk management in core zones of protected areas: First results from a survey of European park administrations |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
107-111 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Conservation regulations, European Protected Areas, Questionnaire, Visitor Risk Management |
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Abstract |
Effective visitor risk management practices play an important role in the management of outdoor recreation. Many forms of outdoor recreation have inherent risks associated with them, indeed for many recreational activities risk and challenge are integral components. In many European countries, the administrations of protected areas are legally liable for some kinds of visitors’ injuries, e.g. caused by falling trees or damaged handrails. Sometimes this liability may cause legal problems for the managers, as management measures (e.g. removal of trees) might be in conflict with conservation regulations. These problems are particularly serious in core zones of protected areas, because of their stronger conservation status. In this study, visitor safety management and likely conflicts with conservation regulations in different European protected areas has been surveyed. The findings imply that today visitor risk management is not considered as an important aspect of the management process in core zones of protected areas. This might change in the future: In many core zones of European parks regular forest management for timber production has only recently been discontinued, which will lead to an increased visitor risk when natural processes of ecosystem development take over. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 934 |
Serial |
2589 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Goossen, M., |
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Title |
What do people want in National Landscapes |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
211-211 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, European Landscape Convention, protection, policy, Netherlands |
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Abstract |
The European Landscape Convention (ELC) is the first European Treaty that is aimed specifically at the landscape. The aims of this Convention are to promote landscape protection, management and planning. A main point is that the landscape contributes to the shaping of local cultures. Landscape is a basic component of European nature and cultural heritage. Landscape contributes to the well-being of people and the strengthening of the European identity. This produces everyone rights and responsibilities for protection, management and planning of the landscape. The ELC promotes the involvement of citizens at “their” landscape and stimulates the regional and national governments in Europe to create good conditions for the development and the management of the landscape. The ELC cover all landscapes, urban or rural, nicely or ugly. On the 10th of June 2005 the Dutch minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality announced that The Netherlands will ratify the European Landscape Convention. The Dutch landscape policy has been renewed and is entirely in line with this Convention. There are 20 National Landscapes in the Netherlands, which cover approx. 25% of the surface. In the Netherlands important spatial changes are in preparation, varying from new house construction projects to catching the impact of climate change. So involvement of citizens is very important. Therefore the government was interested in the opinion of inhabitants of these National Landscapes, and what their attitude is and what their preferences are. An on-line research with 4000 respondents was carried out to give the answers. The most important result is that the inhabitants agree with the policy. Their attitude is that (economic) development must continue, but with great care of the typical characteristics of the landscape. The preferences depend on the different recreation motives, but the desire for nature development is very popular. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 978 |
Serial |
2610 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Griffin, T.; Moore, S.A.; Darcy, S.; Crilley, G., |
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Title |
Developing a national approach to visitor data collection, management and use for protected areas: thoughts from Australian research and practice |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
305-309 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Benchmarking, national approach, performance indicators, protected area management, visitor data |
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Abstract |
Information on visitor numbers, activities, expectations and satisfaction is vital for protected areas managers on two counts: to assist in the provision of the services and facilities that visitors need and want; and to determine if managers have been efficient and effective in meeting these demands. This paper builds on a recently completed national study in Australia of visitor data collection and usage, and the future visitor data needs, of protected area management agencies. Australia is a federation of states and provides a challenging backdrop for developing a national approach as most responsibilities for protected areas rest with the states rather than the national government. Thus, the success of such an approach rests on cooperation rather than an overarching national regulatory responsibility. The study found that all protected area agencies collected visitor data, however, their approaches were highly variable in what was measured, how the measurements were applied and how data were managed and used. This variability was problematic because it becomes very difficult to determine issues of general importance for protected area management or to benchmark performance across areas. Based on these findings and knowledge of the institutional settings for protected area management in Australia, this paper poses some ideas for progressing a national approach for standardising the measures and measurement of key variables so that comparisons and benchmarking become possible and reliable. Core and supplementary visitor data variables can be identified, with the former being of national interest and hence requiring collection and storage under national coordination and guidance. Implementing such an approach will require working creatively and collaboratively within the current institutional settings. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1024 |
Serial |
2633 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Grigel, F.P., |
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Title |
Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose: visit types across Canada’s National Parks |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
310-314 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Behaviour patterns, national parks, latent class modelling, trip diaries, activities |
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Abstract |
Parks Canada is continuing to use latent class analysis to identify behaviour-based ‘visit type’ segments (created through the analysis of reported activities and the places visited) in different national parks. The current paper reviews three studies conducted in different national parks. We will discuss improvements in the efficiency of data collection and highlight the consistency in visit type segments across different national parks. The appearance of consistent visit type segments across national parks serves to reinforce Parks Canada’s move to behaviour-based segmentation. These visit type segments contrast with the different visitor profiles of each national park (as measured by origin and motivations for visiting). Identifying consistent visit type segments across different national parks allows Parks Canada to develop regional-level programs and products for each of these groups, rather than continuing to develop products for each park in isolation. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1026 |
Serial |
2634 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Haider, W.; Riley, J.; Mostegl, N., |
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Title |
The Sea-to-Sky playground: individual outdoor recreation and commercial recreation on public land in winter |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
277-277 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Outdoor recreation, winter recreation, landuse |
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Abstract |
The so-called “Sea-to-Sky Corridor” in British Columbia, Canada, spreads from Vancouver via Squamish beyond Whistler. Its superb scenery nestled between ocean and glaciers attracts residents of Vancouver and international visitors alike. Most of the area is public land, and a major regional landuse plan is just about to be completed. While forestry has been the main traditional use, now summer and winter recreation feature very prominently in these plans. The plans separate much of the motorized and non-motorized activities, but other potential conflicts such as between commercial recreation and independent outdoor recreationists have been addressed to a lesser extent. In order to obtain some insights into the number of visitors and describe some of their characteristics, we undertook an intensive user count at the main staging areas, combined with a short intercept survey about the types of activities pursued, distances travelled, specific locations and expenditures. In the presentation I will elaborate on the method used for estimating site specific and regional user numbers, associated expenditures, and perceived and actual conflict. The presentation will compare motorized and nonmotorized users, as well as clients of commercial operations and independent travelers, and link these findings to the already existing zoning for the region. The presentation will conclude with identifying remaining shortcomings of information for future landuse decisions in light of expected future use increases, as both the demand from the metropolitan Vancouver as well as from the resort community of Whistler will continue to grow |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1012 |
Serial |
2627 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hennig, S., |
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Title |
The recreation perspective. A recreationalists typology on visitors and their behaviour by the example of Berchtesgaden National Park |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
183-187 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, visitor characteristics, recreational behaviour, typologies, management, statistical analysis |
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Abstract |
To perform its tasks management needs information on visitors. They provide insight into the recreational situation of protected areas and support management decisions. Therefor, data on visitor use and visitation behaviour have to be analyzed and mapped. However, information on visitors should not be reduced on singular variables. It is important to combine these different characteristics and build up types of visitors respectively visitor behaviour. In favour of this the approach of recreation perspective is elaborated. The concept takes account of existing typologies on (nature-based) tourism and their attributes (e.g. size, age). Furthermore, visitor behaviour is integrated. Distinguished in macro and micro behaviour it is expressed by choice of activity, destination, type, location and duration of extended stops etc.. Considering these aspects visitors can be categorized into several types. The recreation perspective is worked out and applied to the German Berchtesgaden National Park. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 968 |
Serial |
2605 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hunziker, M.; Schletti, D., |
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Title |
How to involve retailers into sensitization of end-users for ecologically responsible behavior – results of a snow-shoe-seller survey |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
116-120 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, ecological conflicts, outdoor recreation, persuasion, questionnaire, theory of planned behavior |
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Abstract |
The outdoor activity snow-shoe walking is experiencing an increase in popularity and is more and more frequently practiced. This tendency represents a desirable development of soft tourism, contributes to the regional economical development of remote areas and enables people to experience pure nature. However, snow-shoe walking is rather problematic from the perspective of nature conservation. Therefore, the willingness of snow-shoe walkers to change their behavior has been investigated in several studies. One opportunity to influencing the behavior of snow-shoe walkers is when they buy or rent the snow shoes. However, the question remained whether shop owners and their staff are willing to adopt this role. The aim of our study was to answer this question and to identify the drivers of their willingness to contribute to persuading snow-shoe walkers to behave in an ecologically responsible way. A questionnaire was sent to 754 sports shops in Switzerland to measure the willingness to apply measures of persuasion and to measure the drivers of this willingness. The questionnaire data show that the willingness to contribute to persuasion campaigns is rather small. In particular, the potential for participation in the persuasion work is quite low for contributions that require high efforts or costs,. The variables “subjectively perceived social norms”, “attitude to the behavior” and “attitude to information about the protection of nature and landscape” represent the strongest predictors of the willingness to contribute to the campaign. On the basis of the results, suggestions for measures to persuade snow-shoe sellers to support persuasion of snow-shoe walkers were developed. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 940 |
Serial |
2591 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Itami, R.M., |
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Title |
Level of sustainable activity: bottom up vessel traffic management |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-159 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Vessel Traffic Management, Level of Sustainable Activity, RBSim, Recreation Behaviour Simulation, Bottom Up Decision Making |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a decision-making framework called “Level of Sustainable Activity”(LSA) which is a user-based approach to vessel traffic planning and management of high volume multiple use urban waterways. The method is adapted from the US Federal Highway Administrations “Level of Service” for traffic capacity. However the LSA framework links user estimates of traffic density to quality of service objects and a risk management framework to identify social and environmental risk factors. The results of the method are then used to interpret simulations of existing and projected use for making management decisions. The LSA framework was developed to define traffic capacity to urban waterways, however a spinoff of the method has been improved stakeholder buy-in into the process and a much stronger basis for management decision making. This is a direct result of the “bottom up” approach taken to both developing behavioural simulation models and the methods of obtaining information from users for populating and validating the simulation model. This paper advocates the LSA approach for a wider range of management applications by taking a user-based approach for describing existing conditions, projecting future growth, identifying key issues, and developing management actions. A case study of a vessel traffic management plan for Hobson’s Bay in Melbourne, Australia is used to demonstrate the concepts described in this paper. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 956 |
Serial |
2599 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jochem, R., |
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Title |
Building the model right and building the right model: Verification and validation of the recreation simulation model MASOOR |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
160-160 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Behaviour simulation, MASOOR, recreation model, behavioural rules and preferences |
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Abstract |
MASOOR (Multi Agent Simulation Of Outdoor Recreation) is a multi-agent recreational behaviour simulation model. MASOOR is developed to evaluate both existing management policies and effects of various management actions. In addition, it can serve as a communication tool in participatory processes. By visualizing recreational behaviour on maps the model helps different stakeholders (recreationists, managers, scientists) to interpret the complex patterns of visitor use and support the discussion among those stakeholders. However, it is important that the model is verified and validated. Verification can be defined as the process of testing whether or not the logic of the model is acceptable. It involves checking that the model behaves as expected and it is sometimes referred to as testing the ëinner validityí of the model. Verification deals with building the model right. Validation relates to the extent that the model adequately represent the actual situation that is modeled. Validation deals with building the right model. Validity can be ascertained by comparing the output of the model with comparable data collected from a real-world system using a various statistics. In this paper we verify MASOOR by an assessment of recreational path use at different numbers of replications. We validate MASOOR by comparing the modeled output with real world data. Finally, we focus the validation on specific behavioural rules such as preference for path type and chunking direction |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 958 |
Serial |
2600 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jodlowski, M., |
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Title |
Climbing management in protected areas of southern Poland |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
484-484 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Rock climbing, climbing management, environmental impact, bolts, Southern Poland |
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Abstract |
Hundreds of rock cliffs and isolated rocks can be found in Southern Poland within upland, mid-mountain or high-mountain landscapes. Most of these sites are, to a various extent, protected by law – within national parks, landscape parks, nature reserves or nature monuments. They are major tourist attractions for visitors of the respective protected areas who generally do not interfere with cliffs ecosystems. This is not the case with climbing activities which remain a subject of an unremitting controversy.This work focuses on the analysis of the climbing management with respect to the assessment of the impact of climbing activities on cliff environment. Polish environmental law does not regulate climbing management, referring it to the competence of protected area managers. However, in the majority of protected areas management consists only in a total closure of some areas to any climbing activities. Trees have been frequently planted in the vicinity of rocks; rock surfaces on which climbing had been curtailed are now overgrown with mosses and herbaceous vegetation, while natural xerophyte and heliophyte communities have been destroyed. Resulting landscape changes largely decreased many geosites’ attractiveness not only for climbing but tourism in general. Only recently in some climbing areas trees and shrubs in the vicinity of cliffs have been cleared, however, frequently such actions are not previously consulted with reserve or national park managers. With the growing popularity of this type of qualified tourism, it is necessary to create a modern system of climbing management, based on environmental conservation. Conservation and management plans for protected areas should contain detailed regulations of access to particular geosites where climbing activities are to be allowed. Such regulations may impose seasonal closure of particular cliffs or parts of cliffs to climbing during bird nesting periods or closures due to protection of cliff plant communities. Specified should be the types of permitted climbing activities together with protection method. Finally, monitoring of climbing intensity and environmental impact should be carried out for sustainable tourism development |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1094 |
Serial |
2668 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jodlowski, M.; Depta, L.; Wójcik, P., |
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Title |
Climbing impact on the relief and vegetation of the Tatra National Park |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
85-85 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Tatra National Park, climbing impact, relief, vegetation |
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Abstract |
The Tatra Mts. are the only high-mountain range in Poland, protected as a national park since 1954. The environment of rock cliffs, and especially the vegetation is unique within the mountain ecosystem. However, harsh environmental conditions result in high level of ecosystem vulnerability. In the Tatra National Park climbing activity encompasses all of its disciplines: sport climbing on equipped routes, both short and multi-pitched, traditional climbing as well as the alpine climbing. Recently, new climbing disciplines, such as dry-tooling and bouldering, have also became popular. The climbing impact has been a subject to competitive debate between national park managers, naturalists and climbers, although it has been relatively weakly studied. This study focuses on the landscape changes resulting from climbing activities on the cliff ecosystems located in forest, subalpine and alpine geoecological belts, both on carbonate and crystalline substrate. Within some crags climbing activity is permitted by law, however the others are a subject to illegal exploration. The basis for this study was surveying the existing climbing routes (and state of protection. e.g. bolts and pitons) as well as monitoring of the climbing intensity on specific crags. The landscape changes were identified by geomorphic mapping of cliffs and adjacent slopes as well as botanical studies. Observed landscape changes caused by climbers result mainly in mechanical damage of vegetation, growing instability of slope covers, and micro-relief alteration. The impact significantly differs with reference to climbing disciplines and geological substrate. The largest changes encompassing complete removal of vegetation layer and soil cover result from dry-tooling on limestone cliffs, whereas sport climbing on granite cliffs causes only limited removal of weathered rocks and restraining of lichens succession. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 920 |
Serial |
2582 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kahler, A.; Arnberger, A., |
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Title |
A comparison of passive infrared counter results with time lapse video monitoring at a shared urban recreational trail |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
485-489 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Passive infrared sensor, shared trail, video monitoring, Vienna |
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Abstract |
This study compared two visitor counting methods at a heavily used multi-use access trail to the Donau-Auen National Park in Vienna, Austria. We compared visitor numbers gained by video monitoring with passive infrared counter results (Ecocounter – Ecotwin©). Both devices were installed at the same place and recorded the recreation use along the trail between December 2007 and January 2008. During daylight the video camera took pictures every 1.6 seconds. Counting by Ecotwin resulted in 3477 counts, while the total amount of counts by video monitoring was 4405. We will discuss causes for the differences in visitor numbers, and the pro and cons of both methods. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1096 |
Serial |
2669 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kalisch, D.; Klaphake, A., |
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Title |
The dilemma of recreational use versus nature protection – Responses from National Park authorities in Austria, Germany and Switzerland |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
404-408 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, national park tourism, recreation management, visitor activities, monitoring |
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Abstract |
National Parks in Central Europe, which attract millions of visitors annually, are being threatened by a wide variety of negative impacts. In this highly populated region, we find numerous hazards caused by infrastructure, agriculture and tourism. For this reason, preserving the environment is the main goal of the National park authorities. As visitor numbers increase, there is a consequential increase in environmental impacts and conflicts between different visitor groups. In order to balance tourism and conservation and to reduce and minimize negative effects on the ecosystem, authorities implement visitor management strategies. These require specified knowledge about visitor flows, visitor numbers and the main activities undertaken by visitors. Over the past years most european National Parks have adopted periodical visitor monitoring, to gather data about visitor numbers and characteristics. There exists however differences in quality and extent of monitoring programs. With this in mind, we surveyed a number of National Park authorities to gauge their perception of recreation use level, different National Park activities and the application of management tools in the parks. Overall we asked 21 authorities in Austria, Germany and Switzerland to complete a questionnaire which includes questions about current and expected visitor numbers, monitoring of the current recreation use and impacts, measures to control the recreational use, conflicts between nature and tourism and cooperation with other stakeholders in the area. The result of the survey suggests that most of the authorities (81%) simply estimate the recreational use in national park. More than half of authorities anticipate an increase of visitor numbers (especially in National Parks founded in the late 1990s) and none expect that numbers will decrease. They report various suitable protective measures that are in operation and accepted by the National Park visitors. All in all, the authorities consider any negative environmental impacts of visitor activities to be moderate. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1062 |
Serial |
2652 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kangas, K.; Siikamäki, P.; Luoto, M.; Ihantola, A., |
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Title |
Does tourism affect bird populations in protected areas? |
Type |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Management for Protection and Sustainable Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
MMV 4 - Proceedings |
Issue |
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Pages |
344-346 |
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Keywords |
MMV4, Birds, Disturbance, Protected areas, Tourism |
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Abstract |
Human induced disturbance can have various impacts on birds. Disturbance has been found to affect for example behaviour, breeding success, species composition and density of birds. Despite of the growing number of disturbance research, little is known about impacts of recreation on forest bird communities as the focus has been mainly on behavioural responses of single species. There is a need for research on tourism-induced changes in bird communities in protected areas, as they are important for many rare and threatened species preferring natural habitats. We studied impacts of tourism on birds in Oulanka National Park, north-eastern Finland. Data on breeding bird pairs were collected with line transect method in hiking trails and in undisturbed control areas. We used general additive models (GAM) to investigate the importance of the tourism-related variables, i.e. visitor numbers in hiking trails and the area of infrastructure, as well as the habitat variables in explaining the variation in bird communities. The preliminary results show that the current tourism pressure has not caused substantial changes in bird communities of Oulanka NP. However, open-cup nesters showed negative response to the number of visitors. |
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Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1040 |
Serial |
2641 |
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Permanent link to this record |