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Author Raitio, H., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Opening address Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 4-4  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 8 Serial 2350  
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Author Rammo, M.; Karoles, K.; Maran, K.; Jansen, J.; Almik, A.; Rammo, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Surveys and Visitor Impact Monitoring in Recreational Areas in State Forests of Estonia Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 397-399  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 336 Serial 2376  
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Author Roovers, P.; Dumont, B.; Gulinck, H.; Hermy, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visual obstruction of herb vegetation, defining standards for natural barriers Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 400-403  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract As a result of increasing impact of recreation on natural resources and visitor experiences, wilderness managers often want to control recreational use. However, most of the attempts to alter wilderness recreational use patterns, suffer from a lack of knowledge of visitors’ behaviour they seek to influence. This study concentrated on the effects of ground vegetation on perceived obstruction to recreationists. The aim was to define marginal values for the structure of natural barriers. Ratings by participants (n= 131) on a five-point scale, measured perceived obstruction. These ratings were linked to vertical cover of the vegetation. Analyses indicated a significant exponential relationship between vertical cover and perceived obstruction. A marginal vegetation height of about 54 cm could be identified as having obstructive features. Also the condition of the soil and the presence of irritating species seemed to influence visitors’ judgement. It was concluded that a more intensive use of natural barriers to control recreational use, is a functional alternative with economical and aesthetical advantages.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 338 Serial 2377  
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Author Ryglova, K.; Turcinkova, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Image as an Important Factor of Destination Management Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 355-359  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract For successful development of tourism in a region is a necessary condition to learn planning and using management principals. General characteristics of successful planning can be derived from experiences of their application in advanced countries but must be adapted to specific local regional conditions. Since 1989 (after the “Velvet Revolution”), the Czech Republic has become an attractive destination for many tourists from all over the world – it was a new, unknown and not financially demanding area. In the meantime, this trend has changed and Czech Republic has become a common tourist destination, which cannot exploit this competitive advantage any longer. Nowadays, when the differences between individual countries and regions are diminishing, and the main competitive forces are factors, such as image, which create the power of the “brand” of a particular destination. We can find that “the present tourism industry is formed by battle for destination, where the good brand sells”.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 326 Serial 2371  
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Author Shapochkin, M.S.; Kiseleva, V.V.; Syriamkina, O.V.; Nikitin, V.F., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Mapping the Intensity of Recreation Impact in the NP Losiny Ostrov, Moscow Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 45-50  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract General recreational situation in the NP Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) is analysed. The technique of field observations and computer mapping of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes is described. Corresponding maps are represented and correlated with the location of residential regions, entrances, and basic visitor flows. Five areas of intensive effect of stationary recreation were revealed at the studied territory of ca. 600 ha. In most cases, extreme recreation is thought to be the main reason of forest decline and decrease in recreational carrying capacity. Top-priority areas of landscape improvement were revealed. Maps reflecting the spatial distribution of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes are regarded as an appropriate instrument of territorial planning.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 385 Serial 2400  
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Author Shoji, Y.; Yamaki, K., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitor Perceptions of the Inscription on the World Heritage List: The Use of Stated Choice Methods Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 305-310  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This study examines how visitors to Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan perceive its inscription on the World Heritage List by applying stated choice methods. Most visitors regarded the inscription as favourable although their willingness to pay indicated that better visitor control and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking opportunity of the inscription. However, the current situation of World Heritage sites in Japan indicates that the domestic management system of natural resources is inadequate to realize these visitor visions. We conclude that the nomination of Daisetsuzan National Park for the World Heritage List should be reconsidered, but only after the Japanese management system for natural resources has been improved.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 310 Serial 2363  
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Author Siegrist, D., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Sustainable tourism and large protected areas – analysis models and success criteria of a sustainable tourism management using the example of the Alps Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 311-317  
  Keywords MMV2, Recreational management of large protected areas, management of ecotourism, analysis of best practice, sustainable regional development, Alpine convention  
  Abstract Within the framework of a sustainable regional development, protected area tourism acquires increasing significance. This applies particularly to peripheral regions, that posess no outlook for economic development. With this background, the question of success criteria for a sustainable tourist management in protected regions was investigated. The example of Austrian nature parks demonstrates, that inadequate cooperation at local level can be an important source of failure. At the same time, a suitable financial framework for successful protected area tourism is especially important.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 312 Serial 2364  
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Author Sievänen, T.; Tuulentie, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Preface Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 3-3  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 82 Serial 2349  
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Author Skov-Petersen, H.; Jensen, F.S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Assessing recreation in the Danish nature – present experiences, towards a future monitoring system Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 58-64  
  Keywords MMV2, Outdoor recreation, recreational use estimates, forest preferences, general public, questionnaire, Denmark  
  Abstract Research on Danish forest recreation reaches back to the mid-seventies. Two major surveys have been conducted: The Forest and Folk in 1975 and the Outdoor Life ’95-‘98 project. The latter was, in terms of overall objective and chosen methodology, a repetition of the first. Both surveys aimed at collection of base-line information about the recreational life and preferences of Danes and the pattern of use in the Danish nature. Both used a combination of household questionnaires – combined with verbalstatement-cards and photographs – and counting of cars combined with handing out questionnaires at parking-lots in the nature. The present paper presents and discusses the projects and campaigns of the past and looks forward, providing an outline of a future setting of a system for collection of statistical information regarding recreational use of the nature.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 292 Serial 2354  
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Author Sterl, P.; Wagner, S.; Arnberger, A., pdf  url
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  Title Social Carrying Capacity of Canoeists in Austria´s Danube Floodplains National Park Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 256-263  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Increasing recreational activities in National Parks affect natural resources as well as the recreational quality. In the Danube Floodplains National Park, stagnant waters, such as the Stopfenreuter and Spittelauer Arm, are a crucial component for ecological integrity, and at the same time constitute a main visitor attraction. In the summers of 2002 and 2003 a visitor survey investigated the perceived crowding of canoeists and whether the social carrying capacity is exceeded. Results of this study are that the social carrying capacity of this area has obviously been reached at certain times.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 350 Serial 2383  
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Author Szilágyi, Z., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Regulation of Visitor Activities in the DINP Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 202-207  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Thanks to its varied natural and artificial values the Duna-Ipoly National Park (DINP), established as the ninth national park in Hungary is suitable for numerous tourist activities (touring, cycling, horse riding, winter sports, water sports, caving tours, cliff-climbing, flying, fishing, hunting, etc.). Resulting from this, the employees of the national park must reckon with numerous unfavourable environmental effects produced by the tourism and increased by the closeness to Budapest. All of this is intensified on one hand by part of the territory being identical with the outstanding recreation district of the Danube Bend, on the other hand by its coming within the capital city’s recreation zone, due to which establishing the section of visitors is also problematic. Although attempts are made to demonstrate the values in the national park in the interest of avoiding the hazards and developing environmental awareness and ethics, regulation of the visitors’ activities, for the main part, does not take place in a planned manner. In our article, besides disclosing the causes of the disorganisation, we also stipulated the most important principles for solving these problems.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 372 Serial 2394  
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Author Taczanowska, K., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 404-407  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340 Serial 2378  
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Author Takahashi, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Actual condition and problem of visitor use in Jozankei National Forest, Japan Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 65-68  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Jozankei National Forest, a part of the Shikotsu Toya National Park, is located in a mountainous area about 30 km south of central Sapporo. The forest is managed by selective cutting based on highdensity forest road network. Because of the roads, visitor access is easier than it is in other surrounding forests. From spring to autumn in 2003, visitor flows were monitored at two entrances of the forest road network using Trail Traffic Counter. There was a remarkable visitor concentration in spring and the behaviour of visitor varied at each season. It was considered that the reason for the difference could be the different purposes of visits to the park as well as the characteristics of the forests visited.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 294 Serial 2355  
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Author Thapa, B.; Confer, J.J.; Mendelsohn, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Trip motivations among water-based recreationists Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 208-212  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Empirical research has consistently demonstrated that motivations differ based on participation in various activities, as well as due to the significant effect of other variables. Perpetuating this line of research, the purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of select non-motivational variables on motivations among recreationists on the Gallatin River, Montana, USA. A 15-mile stretch of the river was earmarked for data collection (n=321) in June and July 2000 via river exit interviews. Based on the literature, motivation was operationalized into 9-items using a 5-point Likert scale. Some of the findings highlight that rafters emphasized the status motive, while anglers noted relaxation and solitude. Residents were motivated to participate for social and physical aspects, while tourists noted setting and prestige motives. Repeat visitors were more likely to mention solitude, while first time visitors indicated to watch wildlife, and to tell others about it as key motives. Males were more likely to participate for solitude while females noted that they could tell others about it at home. Recreationists have wide sets of motives, and understanding what individuals seek through recreation can provide useful guidance to a variety of planning and management decisions.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 374 Serial 2395  
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Author Tolvanen, A.; Rämet, J.; Siikamäki, P.; Törn, A.; Orell, M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Research on ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism in northern Finland Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 264-270  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract We present preliminary results obtained from a project concentrating on sustainable nature tourism in Northern Finland. Our aims have been to provide information on the ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism by investigating the tolerance of vegetation to recreation and by surveying the attitudes of local people towards nature conservation and nature tourism. According to our results, even low levels of recreational activities have obvious effects on vegetation cover and species diversity. Attitudes towards nature conservation are positive as long as the opportunities of local people to continue the use of natural resources are not restricted, while opinions towards nature tourism are in general positive in the survey areas. To keep nature tourism at both ecologically and socially sustainable level, close cooperation between stakeholders, such as administrators, planners, researchers, and local people is required.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 352 Serial 2384  
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Author Türk, S.; Jakob, E.; Krämer, A.; Roth, R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Outdoor recreation activities in nature protection areas – situation in Germany Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 171-177  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Within a research project of the Federal Nature Conservation Agency, the Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environment points out new developments in outdoor activities in several German landscapes significantly used for sports activities. Therefore two different types of landscape analysis were chosen: First the monitoring of selected sports activities in landscapes with special equipment respectively high frequented by sportsmen (top-spot method) and second the recording of the real utilisation of near-natural landscapes (area method). The results of the scientific analytics were combined with sociological knowledge to describe the development of outdoor recreation in different sport activities (e.g.: canoeing, climbing, paragliding or canyoning). Considering these results the possibilities and the limits of modern concepts of guidance are discussed. Convenience offers, the use of police law or the establishment of a new outdoor culture (depending on Scandinavian standards) will attach great importance to minimize stress and interference in natural landscapes. It is shown that the changes in outdoor activities offer the possibility for a sustainable use of the German countryside for recreation as well as for environment.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 397 Serial 2406  
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Author Van Den Berg, C.; Van Bree, F.; Cottrell, S., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title PAN Parks implementation process: cross cultural comparison – Bieszczady & Slovenski Raij National Parks Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 222-229  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 354 Serial 2385  
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Author Van Wagtendonk, J.W., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Simulation modeling of visitor flows: where have we been and where are we going? Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 127-134  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The Wilderness area Simulation Model was developed in 1972 by Resources for the Future with programming assistance from IBM. It simulates parties moving through a wilderness and records the number of encounters each party experiences. The model has been applied to the Spanish Peaks Primitive Area in Montana, the Adirondack Forest Reserve in New York, the Desolation Wilderness in California, the complex of the wilderness areas surrounding and including Yosemite National Park, the Green and Yampa Rivers in Dinosaur Monument, the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, and the Appalachian National Scenic Trail in Vermont. In its time, the model was a useful tool for establishing the relationship between use levels and encounters and testing management alternatives. As innovative as the model was, recent advances in behavioral science and computer technology have rendered it out of date.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 405 Serial 2410  
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Author Vilas Bôas, R.; Davide, A.C.; Andrade, C.M.R., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Visitors of Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, Lavras (Mg), Brazil: A Management Planning Based on Profile, Perceptions, Needs and Motivations Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 213-220  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract The research was carried out in the Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in Lavras city (Minas Gerais – Brazil) and participatory research methods were used in an integrated and iterative way. Results of the specific visitors study has shown that most of people visit the area with a special interest on leisure opportunities. Enjoyment of natural environment, peace and quiet are also important motivations. In a variety of activities, the visitors appreciate relaxing and enjoying the nature, swimming in the waterfall and walking on the trails. Most of visitors exhibited a high level of interest in conservation. In conclusion, this study represents one of the first efforts for providing the local foundation for a comprehensive framework for outdoor recreation management from the perspective of visitors. More generally, the visitor approach taken in this study contributes to a greater understanding of the visitor experience for tourism management in the natural environments.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 376 Serial 2396  
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Author Yamaki, K.; Shoji, Y., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Classification of trail settings in an alpine national park using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 318-323  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Considering trail settings in alpine national parks is important for both conserving nature and maximizing the quality of the experience for visitors. This study examines classifying trails in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from park visitors concerning their preferences for the facility developments, accessibility, and visitor encounters. The responses were classified into four groups according to the preferences expressed for the types of trail settings. The trails were classified according to their characteristics as described by park visitors. The northern part of the park, with easier access and moderate development, was preferred by all groups, and the southern part of the park was preferred only by the those who favored more primitive surroundings.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 314 Serial 2365  
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Author Yuan, M.; McIntyre, N.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Development of a Spatial Values-Based Recreation Planning Framework for Canadian Crown Lands Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 93-99  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract Managers of Canadian Crown lands are beginning to recognize that all values the public associates with forests should be given due consideration in management actions. Arguably, recreation and tourism are the least understood values of the resource and typically receive only secondary consideration in management decisions on an ad-hoc basis. This situation partly results from the lack of a systematic framework for recreation management in Crown lands outside of protected areas at either the provincial or the national level. This presentation discusses the development of a spatial recreation planning framework that uses recreation values to assess the effects of various forestry activities. The framework expands upon traditional planning approaches that are primarily supply driven to directly address core user values rather than traditional user preferences. A spatial GIS model was developed that incorporates interactive data layers of the study area including high resolution orthophoto mosaic, forest resource inventory, recreation facilities locations, ROS type classification, activity participation, spatial trip patterns, and recreation values. These data layers are overlaid on the forest management plan that details the harvesting and silvicultural treatments that are planned for the next 20 years. Operation of the interactive model is based on maintaining recreation portfolios, recreation class consistency, and sets of contextualized recreation values. A process is discussed as to how this new framework will provide managers with a tool to evaluate recreation related impacts a priori to resource management actions, and allow the public to ask “what if” scenarios in an interactive mode.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 362 Serial 2389  
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Author Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M., pdf  url
isbn  openurl
  Title A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation Type
  Year 2004 Publication Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume MMV 2 - Proceedings Issue Pages 100-105  
  Keywords MMV2  
  Abstract An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.  
  Call Number ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364 Serial 2390  
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