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	Author	Shoji, Y.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	Visitor Perceptions of the Inscription on the World Heritage List: The Use of Stated Choice Methods			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	305-310
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	This study examines how visitors to Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan perceive its inscription on the World Heritage List by applying stated choice methods. Most visitors regarded the inscription as favourable although their willingness to pay indicated that better visitor control and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking opportunity of the inscription. However, the current situation of World Heritage sites in Japan indicates that the domestic management system of natural resources is inadequate to realize these visitor visions. We conclude that the nomination of Daisetsuzan National Park for the World Heritage List should be reconsidered, but only after the Japanese management system for natural resources has been improved.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 310			Serial	2363
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	404-407
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340			Serial	2378
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	Author	Yamaki, K.; Shoji, Y.,
	Title	Classification of trail settings in an alpine national park using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	318-323
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Considering trail settings in alpine national parks is important for both conserving nature and maximizing the quality of the experience for visitors. This study examines classifying trails in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from park visitors concerning their preferences for the facility developments, accessibility, and visitor encounters. The responses were classified into four groups according to the preferences expressed for the types of trail settings. The trails were classified according to their characteristics as described by park visitors. The northern part of the park, with easier access and moderate development, was preferred by all groups, and the southern part of the park was preferred only by the those who favored more primitive surroundings.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 314			Serial	2365
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	Author	Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.,
	Title	A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	100-105
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364			Serial	2390
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	Author	Bernath, K.; Roschewitz, A.,
	Title	Sample Selection Bias in Visitor Surveys: Comparative Results of an On-Site and an Off-Site Survey Assessing Recreational Benefits of Forests			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	381-382
	Keywords	MMV3, Economic valuation, forest recreation, on-site sample, sample selection bias, off-site random sample, weighting, forest visitors
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 782			Serial	2514
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	Author	Brandenburg, C.; Ziener, K.,
	Title	Conflict Strategies as a Task for the Management of Protected Areas – Shown at the National Park Donau-Auen			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	403-404
	Keywords	MMV3, Conflict, conflict potential, conflict strategy, conflict analysis, visitor monitoring, management of protected areas
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 802			Serial	2524
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Cordell, H.K.; Green, G.,
	Title	Estimating Recreation Market Share for National Forests			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	389-390
	Keywords	MMV3, Land management, land use, recreation activity, recreation resources, market share
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 790			Serial	2518
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	Author	Hegetschweiler, T.K.; Rusterholz, H.-P.; Baur, B.,
	Title	Using Visitor Monitoring to Reduce Ecological Impacts Due to Picnicking and Grilling in Urban Forests in the Vicinity of Basle, Switzerland			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	58-59
	Keywords	MMV3, Picnicking / grilling in forests, ecological impacts, visitor preferences, recreational planning
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 594			Serial	2421
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	Author	Kangas, K.; Siikamäki, P.; Koivuniemi, P.; Sulkava, P.; Tolvanen, A.; Norokorpi, Y.,
	Title	Are There Too Many Visitors in National Parks? A Campsite Analysis in Two Finnish National Parks			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	458-459
	Keywords	MMV3, Tourism, campsite, trampling, vegetation change, national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 841			Serial	2543
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	Author	Kobayashi, A.; Aikoh, T.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	A Study on Procedures to Establish Standards Concerning Trail Management in Sub-Alpine Zones of Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	196-197
	Keywords	MMV3, Trail, management, procedure, protected area, sub-alpine, Japan, ecological, visual, Daisetsuzan
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 667			Serial	2457
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	Author	Lawson, S.R.; Plotkin, K.,
	Title	Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 3 – Computer Simulation			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	203-204
	Keywords	MMV3, Soundscapes, computer simulation, monitoring, park management, national parks
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 673			Serial	2460
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	Author	Newman, P.; Manning, R.E.; Pilcher, E.; Trevino, K.; Savidge, M.,
	Title	Understanding and Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: Part 1- Indicators of Quality			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	198-200
	Keywords	MMV3, Natural sounds, perceptions, national parks, visitor experience
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 669			Serial	2458
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	Author	O’Connor Gotra, S.H.; Boyle, K.E.,
	Title	Sustainable Trail Management, Definitions and a Management Model			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	173-178
	Keywords	MMV3, Sustainable Trail Management, Indicators, Integrated Planning Frameworks, Local Community Participation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 657			Serial	2452
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	Author	Rammo, M.; Maran, K.; Almik, A.; Karoles, K.,
	Title	Visitor and Environmental Impact Monitoring as Basis for Sustainable Nature Tourism in Estonian Recreational Areas			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	62-63
	Keywords	MMV3, Forest recreation, environmental impact monitoring, recreational load, visitor counting, visitor survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 598			Serial	2423
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	Author	Rettie, K.,
	Title	Shaping Culture in Nature: Human Use Management in Canada’s Mountain National Parks			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	374-375
	Keywords	MMV3, National park management, visitor experience, culture and nature
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 776			Serial	2511
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	Author	Scherrer, P.; Smith, A.J.; Dowling, R.K.,
	Title	Managing Visitor Impacts along Australia’s Remote Kimberley Coast – The Forgotten Dimension of Balancing Country			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	419-420
	Keywords	MMV3, Expedition cruise, Aboriginal, visitor impacts, spiritual connection, tour operator
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 817			Serial	2531
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	Author	Spiess, H.; Mönnecke, M.; Wasem, K.; Kümin, D.,
	Title	Local Recreational Areas: Accounting for Peoples’ Needs in the Development and Selection of Planning Instruments			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	253-258
	Keywords	MMV3, Local recreation, leisure-trends, peri-urbanisation, planning instruments, landscape planning, landscape development concept, spatial planning, sustainable development
	Abstract	The goal of the ‘ANAP’ research project is to indicate how peoples’ needs for and expectations towards local recreation areas can be met by the means of employing different planning instruments. An in-depth analysis of the available literature reveals what people actually require and expect and the functional capacity of the planning instruments is illustrated by four case studies. Evaluation of these case studies not only gives rise to recommendations concerning the future implementation of the various planning instruments, it also yields proposals for improving their performance in future development phases. Peri-urbanisation leads to the rapid disappearance of attractive open landscapes in built-up areas. As a result, there is less space available for local recreational purposes, and people have to travel increasingly far to find the kind of landscape they are looking for. In order to tackle and hopefully improve this situation in the long term, adequate instruments for controlling the way landscapes are developed within built-up areas are absolutely essential. This research project aims to show how the different planning instruments can be implemented to achieve best outcomes for people seeking decent recreational areas. The planning instruments selected and developed have to be aimed at preserving an attractive landscape. The insights gained from this research provide the basis for recommendations concerning the future implementation of planning instruments, as well as for their future development. The project ‘ANAP’ is a cooperative project between the ‘Research Centre for Leisure, Tourism and Landscape’ (FTL) at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil (HSR), and the ‘Institute for Sustainable Development’ (INE) at the University of Applied Sciences in Winterthur (ZHW). Other project partners include the Federal Research Institute for Forestry, Snow and Landscape (WSL), Green City Zurich (GSZ), Cantonal Agency for Spatial Planning and Survey of Zurich (ARV), Cantonal Agency for Waste, Water, Energy and Air of the Canton of Zurich (AWEL), and the Cantonal Agency for Spatial Planning of the Canton of Basle. Activities have started in 2003 and will end in 2006.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 700			Serial	2473
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.; Muhar, A.; Arnberger, A.,
	Title	Exploring Spatial Behaviour of Individual Visitors as Background for Agent-Based Simulation			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	313-314
	Keywords	MMV3, Spatial behaviour, visitor flows, agent-based simulation, GIS, recreation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 740			Serial	2493
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	Author	Takahashi, M.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	Visitor Conflicts and their Resolution for Forest and Park Management in Jozankei National forest, Japan			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	423-424
	Keywords	MMV3, Forest and Park management, visitor conflict, Jozankei National Forest, questionnaire survey
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 819			Serial	2532
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	Author	Van Marwijk, R.; Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	Types of Typologies – From Recreationists & Tourists to Artificial Agents			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	499-501
	Keywords	MMV3, Tourist typology, artificial agents, recreation, spatial behaviour, recreational behaviour, wilderness experience, landscape preference
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 873			Serial	2559
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	Author	Wasem, K.; Mönnecke, M.,
	Title	Outdoor Activities in Nature and Landscape – Practice-Oriented Solutions			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Exploring the Nature of Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 3 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	300-302
	Keywords	MMV3, Outdoor activities, nature sports, good practice examples, sensitisation, environmental communication, conflict resolution, success factors, toolbox
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 730			Serial	2488
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	Author	Almik, A.; Maran, K.; Karoles, K.; Rammo, M.,
	Title	Implementation of results of visitor and environmental impact monitoring: an example of Kauksi campsite of the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	463-466
	Keywords	MMV4, Forest recreation, visitor and environmental impact monitoring, recreational load, campsite condition monitoring, damages on trees, soil vegetation and soil
	Abstract	Kauksi campsite, located in the recreation area along the northern coast of Lake Peipsi of Estonian State Forest Management Centre, is an area of intensive and long-term recreational use. In the years 2003 and 2007 a permanent monitoring network was established in the area and the environmental situation and its changes were evaluated. Based on the results of the environmental status assessment and visitor monitoring, recommendations were made for improving the campsite condition and an action plan for performing the works was prepared. In 2004-2007 an infrastructure for the protection of campsite and the lakeshore dunes was designed and constructed, and measures of landscape protection were introduced, as a result of which the environmental condition has stabilised and for some indicators, considerably improved. This case shows that in an area of intensive use it is important to know the user and use specifics and, in order to support the periodic assessment of environmental impacts, to continuously monitor environmental status and perform preventive landscape protection works in order to maintain the stable condition and the recreational values of the area.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1082			Serial	2662
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	Author	Campbell, M.J.; MacKay, K.J.; Walker, D.J.; Dranzoa, C.,
	Title	Strengthening local support for community tourism (in Uganda) through University – Community Partnerships			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	475-479
	Keywords	MMV4, Community tourism, GIS, partnerships, Uganda
	Abstract	Rural poverty, poor environmental health and the resultant threat to biodiversity are significant impediments to sustainable tourism development in Uganda. These problems reinforce one another and are compounded by: a) weak institutional linkages between rural communities, NGOs, universities, government departments and public policy makers; b) deficiencies in community oriented professional skills in sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation; c) the need to transform community attitudes to view parks and protected areas and wildlife as natural capital on which rural livelihoods can be improved; and d) the need for interdisciplinary approaches in higher learning to address intertwined problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development. The University of Manitoba in co-operation with Makerere University in Uganda has initiated a program to address these issues though the development of: 1) a master’s degree at Makerere University; 2) a strategic partner’s network and; 3) three demonstration projects in communities surrounding national parks. This poster presents initial results that illustrate how the university community-partnership is leading to stronger institutional links to not only the university and community but also to NGOs and government departments while providing much needed capacity building in local communities.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1088			Serial	2665
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	Author	Chilman, K.; Wadzinski, L.; West, A.,
	Title	A new recreation visitor inventory that parallels other resource inventories			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	301-304
	Keywords	MMV4, Decision-making, management, public participation, visitor inventory
	Abstract	A Rapid Assessment Visitor Inventory (RAVI) has been developed for inexpensively obtaining representative samples of place-specific visitor numbers and perceptions of attributes of their visit experience. It has been tested in 13 studies on 7 federal and state parks and conservation areas in 4 states. The inventory data are used by field-level managers in decision meetings with other persons in the management organization and with individuals and groups external to the organization. Examples of the application and use of a RAVI study, and a repeat measurement for monitoring purposes are discussed.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1022			Serial	2632
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	Author	Elmazi, L.; Gorica, K.,
	Title	Economic effect of alternative tourism. Events and festivals			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	368-372
	Keywords	MMV4, Economic effects, alternative tourism, multicultural communities
	Abstract	The analyze of the tourism cities within Albania show that communities as emerged tourism destination offer culture, tradition and events, and also, show us that events and festivals have the capacity to celebrate community identity particularly in multi-cultural events and festivals. The involvement of local community in creating opportunities and furthermore, competitive advantages, is very important for management and marketing of events and festivals, especially in multi-cultural communities. The research investigates the different interpretations of community, the concept of communities and the role of events and festivals in articulating community identity within distinct localities. It is necessary the compilation of a strategic marketing plan which will involve the community in tourism events and festivals, which at last will follow up with sustainability. Drafting perfect marketing strategies is always one side of the management task that should not be underestimated. This task becomes extremely difficult since in many cases a direct conflict exists between the site managers who to keep restricted numbers of visitors for preservation reasons, local people who look the events as a way to generate revenues, and national governments who like to use its image as a marketing device. Heritage and Cultural Tourism is the most important part of the Albanian tourism product and successful element of the national economy. Albania is considered as a new cultural destination in the tourism marketplace, as a Balkan country of dramatic natural beauty, with a wealth of historic buildings and ancient archaeological sites that can compare, for interest and variety with any in the Mediterranean world.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1050			Serial	2646
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Bowker, J.M.,
	Title	Trap shyness in onsite visitor surveys; evidence from the U.S			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	135-138
	Keywords	MMV4, Estimation bias, onsite surveys, recreation visitation, trap shyness
	Abstract	In onsite surveys of visitors, whether the purpose is estimating visitation volume or characteristics of the visit population, those who visit the area multiple times per year are candidates to be surveyed more than one time. In such surveys, each visit represents a unique sampling unit. However, individuals may be unwilling to be surveyed after the first contact. The phenomenon is similar to ‘trap shyness’ in wildlife studies wherein an animal learns to avoid traps after the initial experience. If trap shyness exists, it has the potential to bias the results for either or both visitation estimation or describing the average visit characteristics. There is some anecdotal evidence that trap shyness does exist, and could be problematic for long-term surveys such as the National Visitor Use Monitoring program used by the US Forest Service. This paper describes the conceptual framework for how trap shyness can affect both visitation estimates and visit characteristics, identify empirical hypotheses to be tested that provide evidence of trap shyness, present results for the hypotheses, and describe possible improvements to sampling processes that could determine it existence and extent. Data for the paper come from onsite surveying collected during the period October 2004 – September 2007 for about three dozen National Forests.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 948			Serial	2595
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	Author	Kangas, K.; Siikamäki, P.; Luoto, M.; Ihantola, A.,
	Title	Does tourism affect bird populations in protected areas?			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	344-346
	Keywords	MMV4, Birds, Disturbance, Protected areas, Tourism
	Abstract	Human induced disturbance can have various impacts on birds. Disturbance has been found to affect for example behaviour, breeding success, species composition and density of birds. Despite of the growing number of disturbance research, little is known about impacts of recreation on forest bird communities as the focus has been mainly on behavioural responses of single species. There is a need for research on tourism-induced changes in bird communities in protected areas, as they are important for many rare and threatened species preferring natural habitats. We studied impacts of tourism on birds in Oulanka National Park, north-eastern Finland. Data on breeding bird pairs were collected with line transect method in hiking trails and in undisturbed control areas. We used general additive models (GAM) to investigate the importance of the tourism-related variables, i.e. visitor numbers in hiking trails and the area of infrastructure, as well as the habitat variables in explaining the variation in bird communities. The preliminary results show that the current tourism pressure has not caused substantial changes in bird communities of Oulanka NP. However, open-cup nesters showed negative response to the number of visitors.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1040			Serial	2641
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	Author	Newman, P.; Manning, R.E.; Fristrup, K.,
	Title	Managing Soundscapes in National Parks: an adaptive management approach in Muir Woods National monument, California			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	353-353
	Keywords	MMV4, Soundscapes, visitor-caused noise, adaptive management Muir Woods National Monument, national parks
	Abstract	Research in national parks has begun to address the issue of human-caused noise and its resource and social impacts. This paper reports the results of a study conducted in the summer of 2007 that tested the efficacy and acceptability of management actions designed to reduce visitor-caused noise The study used an experimental or “adaptive” management” approach designed to test the effectiveness of temporal and spatial zoning to protect natural quiet in Muir Woods National Monument, California, an old growth redwood forest. The adaptive management experiment consisted of two treatments and an associated control. During all three periods, visitorcaused noise was recorded at a fixed location in the park and a visitor survey was conducted. The first treatment tested the effectiveness of a spatial zoning approach by establishing a “quiet zone” in Cathedral Grove through a series of park signs. The second treatment tested the effectiveness of a temporal zoning approach by establishing “quiet days” throughout the park through a series of park signs. The control period included neither of these treatments. Study findings indicate that both the “quiet zone” and “quiet day” treatments were effective in lowering the level of visitor-caused noise in the park as measured during the control period, and that visitors were highly supportive of these management actions.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1044			Serial	2643
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	Author	Petrova, E.; Aoki, Y.; Mironov, Y.; Petrova, A.; Furuya, K.; Matsushima, H.; Takayama, N.,
	Title	Comparison of natural landscapes appreciation between Russia and Japan: methods of investigation			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	198-202
	Keywords	MMV4, aesthetic evaluation, appreciation of landscapes, landscape preferences in Russia and Japan
	Abstract	The research focusing on the aesthetic evaluation and appreciation of natural landscapes in recreational and protected areas is of great importance. While selecting landscapes for special care and protection one should take into consideration not only objective appraisal of their natural peculiarities, significance, and usefulness but also their aesthetic features. People belonging to different cultures differ by their landscape preferences due to a number of ethno-cultural factors as well as historical, social, and environmental peculiarities. The purpose of this study is to compare the landscapes appreciation in Russia and Japan, in two countries with deep-rooted traditions of landscape appreciation. The photo database of landscapes both similar and unique for Russia and Japan was made using the same methods. The respondents in both countries are suggested to classify and group photo images of different landscapes according to their personal perception as well as to estimate the attractiveness of given landscapes images. The results of the study will help us to answer: do representatives of different cultures – people in Russia and Japan – like similar landscapes due to aesthetic appreciation laws, which are common for the whole humanity, and if they don’t – then why not?
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 974			Serial	2608
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	Author	Saparbayev, S.K.; Woodward, D.B.,
	Title	Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as an indicator species and increasing recreation loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	511-515
	Keywords	MMV4, Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), Almaty Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan, ecotrail
	Abstract	The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard’s main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1114			Serial	2678
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	Author	Siegrist, D.; Wasem, K.,
	Title	Optimizing the quality of experience-oriented nature-based tourism offers: the new evaluation tool “Experience Compass”			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	263-267
	Keywords	MMV4, Nature-based tourism, experience quality, offer development, evaluation tool, expert survey
	Abstract	In the past few years in Switzerland nature-based tourism has been showing a positive and fresh dynamic. New providers and co-operations enter the market with their products. But very often the new initiatives state problems with the quality of their products and are alone not able to design the products in a way that attracts the attention of a broad audience. An authentic design of the offers can contribute significantly to make them more attractive and visible and therefore stimulate the demand on the tourist market. The article here presented deals with the in-depth analysis of potentials regarding the improvement of the quality of experience-oriented nature-based tourism offers. Based on the results of an expert survey the “Experience Compass”, an evaluation tool of experience quality in nature-based tourism, has been developed and verified by means of case studies. With the new tool providers and other actors are enabled to evaluate and improve experience quality of offers in nature-based tourism.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1008			Serial	2625
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	Author	Taczanowska, K.; Muhar, A.; Brandenburg, C.,
	Title	Potential and limitations of GPS tracking for monitoring spatial and temporal aspects of visitor behaviour in recreational areas			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	451-455
	Keywords	MMV4, GPS, GPS tracking, spatial behaviour, monitoring methods, visitor flows, recreation
	Abstract	The application of satellite based navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) to record spatial/temporal aspects of visitor behaviour has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potentials and the limitations of GPS-tracking, based on empirical data collected in the Danube Floodplains National Park in Austria (Nationalpark Donau-Auen). A total amount of 485 hiking itineraries were collected in the field using Garmin e-Trex devices. After returning the GPS receiver visitors were interviewed and additionally asked to draw their route on the map. 372 complete records (GPS tracks plus map sketches) were thereby obtained for further analysis. The highly detailed spatial resolution of the data allowed deriving more exact route characteristics compared to traditional data collection methods such as trip diaries. GPS-tracking was more accurate than map sketches in areas with poorly defined trail network. Some respondents were not able to report the exact route, due to insufficient map reading skills or orientation problems in the outdoor environment. In such cases, in particular, the GPS approach proved its intrinsic advantages. Nevertheless, some limitations of the GPS use have also been identified. In particular, problems with the quality of the satellite signal in areas covered by dense deciduous forest turned out to be a major limiting factor for GPS-tracking in the presented National Park setting.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1078			Serial	2660
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	Author	Ziener, K.,
	Title	Formal concept analysis – a method for exploring complex responses of tourist surveys			Type
	Year	2008	Publication	Management for Protection and Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 4 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	325-329
	Keywords	MMV4, Formal Concept Analysis, hierarchical structures, Lake Neusiedl Region, tourist surveys
	Abstract	The Formal concept analysis goes back to the 1940s and is advanced by Rudolf Wille in the eighties. Based on the algebraic lattice theory so-called concept lattices will be used for visualisation of hierarchical structures in a line diagram. The method needs as input a context consisting of sets of objects and attributes and a binary relation between these objects and attributes. In a concept lattice quantitative and qualitative data can be combined and relations between the objects as well as between the attributes can be analysed. Therefore concept lattices are suitable for analysing the results of surveys. The respondents and their answer patterns constitute the context. Precondition is a hierarchical structure of the answers (e.g. ordinal ordered data). In this presentation will be demonstrated how to use the line graph of the concept lattice for analysing complex questions of tourist surveys. As an example the main activities of about 600 tourists and daily visitors in the Lake Neusiedl Region are analysed. With the procedure of Formal Concept Analysis the different answer patterns of respondents are arranged as nodes in a line diagram. This diagram is constructed by means of two partial concept lattices that will be integrated later. The interpretation of the line graph will start at the biggest nodes, consider the whole structure of the graph and include additional attributes in order to describe groups of tourists with the same activity pattern.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 1032			Serial	2637
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	Author	Aikoh, T.; Kikuchi, K.; Shoji, Y.,
	Title	Visitors’ attitudes to the collection of voluntary fees in national parks in Japan			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	201-202
	Keywords	MMV5, voluntary fee, entrance fee, usage fee, visitor attitude
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 6			Serial	2768
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	Author	Andersen, O.; Gundersen, V.; Strand, O.; Panzacchi, M.; Vorkinn, M.; Fangel, K.; Van Moorter, B.,
	Title	Wild reindeer interactions with recreationists: estimating spatiotemporal habitat use and potential conflict areas in two national parks in Norway			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	209-210
	Keywords	MMV5, wild reindeer, visitor impact, monitoring, resource selection function model (RSF), conflict areas
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 256			Serial	2772
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	Author	English, D.B.K.; White, E.M.,
	Title	Comparing the economic impacts of recreation to rural and urban National Forests			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	241-242
	Keywords	MMV5, economic impacts, visitor spending, GDP, urban national forests
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 178			Serial	2786
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	Author	Lyon, K.; Van Marwijk, R.; Siikamaki, P.; Cottrell, S.,
	Title	Biodiversity hotspots and visitor flows in Oulanka National Park, Finland			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	95-98
	Keywords	MMV5, biodiversity, nature based tourism, Finland, visitor flows, national park
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 66			Serial	2721
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	Author	Muangasame, K.,
	Title	Green tourist perception and motivation: a study of the domestic market in Thailand			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	256-257
	Keywords	MMV5, green tourism, Thailand, tourist behavior, decision-making process, motivation
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 120			Serial	2793
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	Author	Peters, K.,
	Title	Urban public spaces: Different people, different wishes, different expectations?			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	49-50
	Keywords	MMV5, urban public spaces, ethnicity, meanings
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 92			Serial	2701
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	Author	Pouta, E.; Soini, K.; Vaarala, H.; Uusitalo, M.; Kivinen, T.,
	Title	Local residents’ sense of place, recreational use and perceptions of rural landscape			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	147-148
	Keywords	MMV5, recreational use of agricultural landscape, sense of place, landscape perceptions
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 164			Serial	2742
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