MMV Proceedings Database -- Query Results

	MMV Proceedings Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains:
	121–160 of 207 records found matching your query (RSS):

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 >>

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Ueda, H.; Nakajima, T.; Takayama, N.; Petrova, E.; Matsushima, H.; Furuya, K.; Aoki, Y.,
	Title	Ways of seeing the forest: landscape image sketches in Japan and Russia			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	141-143
	Keywords	MMV5, landscape image, forest, Japan, Russia, sketch drawing
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 168			Serial	2740
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ziener, K.,
	Title	Ideas for tourism-oriented public transport in national parks and biosphere reserve regions based on touristic nodes			Type
	Year	2010	Publication	Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 5 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	155-156
	Keywords	MMV5, public transport, touristic nodes, national park, biosphere reserve
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 12			Serial	2746
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cavens, D.; Gloor, C.; Nagel, K.; Lange, E.; Schmid, W.A.,
	Title	A Framework for Integrating Visual Quality Modelling within an Agent-Based Hiking Simulation for the Swiss Alps			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	70-77
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	While the visual qualities of a landscape are often key factors in attracting and retaining tourist visitors, they have been overlooked in recent simulation approaches to recreation modelling. While there has been a long history of modelling the visual quality of a landscape, particularly in forestry, due to computational restrictions these models have tended to be rather coarse and primarily suited for avoiding catastrophic impacts due to large-scale interventions in a landscape. However, the experience of the visual quality of a landscape for recreationists is much more subtle. Relatively small changes to spatial patterns and land use, when viewed cumulatively, can have a large impact on the attractiveness of a landscape for tourists. Methods for evaluating the changing visual quality of a landscape are invaluable for comprehensive long-term landscape planning. This paper describes a computational approach for integrating visual quality information into an agent-based simulation of summer hikers in the Swiss Alps. The benefits of microscopic modelling (where the activities of individual hikers are simulated) are combined with detailed 3D models to provide the possibility of a highly nuanced visual quality analysis of a recreational area. Using real-time computer graphics techniques, simulated agents interpret computer generated 3D images of what they 'see' as they move through the landscape. Various landscape metrics are calculated based on these representations, including visual quality indicators such as view composition, enclosure, and depth of view. These metrics are evaluated over the course of an agent's hike, and integrated with more traditional parameters (such as hike distance, steepness, congestion and availability of amenities) in an agent-based simulation. Unlike other raster based visual quality models, analyzing 3D representations allows the model to easily incorporate subtle screening effects, and allows the model to determine visibility from any location in the model. The technique allows for very detailed visual representations, and scales easily to include more detail as required by the analysis. Currently, the model represents terrain, vegetation communities, structures, path and road networks and information aids such as signage. The paper describes a working implementation of the technique, and discusses its advantages and limitations, including its substantial data requirements. The paper uses a specific case study in the Gstaad- Saanenland region of Switzerland to articulate how this integration of visual information within an agentbased simulation has advantages over more traditional methods of visual quality modelling.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 356			Serial	2386
Permanent link to this record



	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.,
	Title	Characteristics and Use Patterns of Visitors to Dispersed Areas of Urban National Forests			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	179-184
	Keywords	MMV2, Urban forests, use patterns, visitor perceptions, crowding, visitor characteristics, demographics, wilderness
	Abstract	Public recreation areas near large urban centers are experiencing increasing pressure from visitation, especially in undeveloped and wildland areas that are close to expanding population centers. Understanding the use patterns, characteristics, and perceptions of recreation visitors is critical to managing these areas for maximum sustainable benefits. Of the over 120 National Forests in the United States, eighteen have been officially designated as ‘Urban’, because of their proximity to large metropolitan areas. Sixteen of these forests have designated Wilderness areas within them. This paper examines the recreation visitors to the undeveloped portions of those National Forests. Key market segments of visitors are identified with respect to demographics, residence, annual use frequency, and visit duration. In addition, visitor perceptions of crowding and safety and their relationship with visitation levels are examined.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 366			Serial	2391
Permanent link to this record



	Author	English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Kocis, S.M.,
	Title	Designing a Sampling System for Concurrently Measuring Outdoor Recreation Visitation and Describing Visitor Characteristics			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	28-33
	Keywords	MMV2, National Visitor Use Monitoring, onsite sampling, sampling plan, use estimation, visitor characteristics, sample allocation
	Abstract	Two primary information needs for managing recreation areas and the visitors to those areas are: (1) good estimates of visitation volume, and (2) accurate descriptions of visitor characteristics, such as length of stay, frequency of visit, and primary activity. For National Forests in the United States of America with large undeveloped areas, efficient sampling for the two types of information may be to a large extent incompatible. Sampling plans that address visitation volume issues allocate most of the sample days to the largest and most internally variable strata. Sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics allocate sampling effort to locations that most efficiently provide visitor information, such as at developed sites. Additionally, sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics may need to ensure spatial or temporal dispersion of the sample, in order to ensure adequate representation of different visitor sub-groups. A method is demonstrated for allocating days into sampling strata which balances the contribution of sample days in improving the accuracy of the total visitation estimate with the contribution of the sample day to maximizing the quantity and dispersion of visitor information. The resulting sampling allocation provides an optimal solution to address both of the information needs through a single data collection effort. A second phase of the method addresses how to ensure spatial and temporal dispersion of sampling effort. Examples of applications on National Forests in the United States are provided.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 378			Serial	2397
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gilbertson, K.; Olfelt, D.; Leversedge, P.,
	Title	Visitor management and revegetation efforts on a degraded Lake Superior cliff edge			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	272-276
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Rock climbing has grown to be a major recreational sport in the United States. Yet, resource degradation caused by recreational rock climbing has become a controversial issue throughout the United States (Access Fund 1999). Some resource agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Land Management are struggling to establish functional management policies that allow appropriate rock climbing practices while protecting the natural resource (Devine 2001). Resource managers tend to favor restriction of climbing activities to protect the resource. Yet, without adequate understanding of rock climbing, this approach can become controversial. A less controversial approach toward rock climbing influences on natural resources can be to include the rock climbing community in management planning. The result can be increased protection of the resource while allowing recreational climbing to continue (Hynek 1999). In an effort to address both public recreational needs and to protect the natural resource of Shovel Point, a popular rock climbing site in Tettegouche State Park on the edge of Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota, USA, a study was conducted during the summer of 1998 to identify types of recreational users, impacts from their use behaviors, and to survey climber attitudes toward a proposed management plan that would influence climbing on the site. The results of this study were implemented into a long range management plan that has resulted in modified climber impact on the environment and allows a rehabilitation of the site that is hoped to preserve the unique natural resource. Innovative vegetative rehabilitation of the climbing site has been successfully implemented. This is an excellent example of positive conflict resolution through research, management through public participation, and resource rehabilitation and protection.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 300			Serial	2358
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.,
	Title	Affects of Road Sign Wording on Visitor Survey – Non-Response Bias			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	34-37
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	On-site visitor interviewer data collection is a key component of the USDA Forest Service National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program. In many areas, especially higher speed roads and roads with non-recreation traffic, many vehicles may not stop for an interview. Wording on the sign may condition non-recreation visitors to self-select as to whether or not they decide to stop for an interview. Since the primary purpose of the interview is to calibrate a mechanical traffic counter, such behavior can lead to bias in the resulting visitation estimate. Non-response bias of national forest traffic was examined by using four different wordings for road signs during NVUM interview days. The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with each treatment (sign) being applied to five different road locations (blocks). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if any particular sign wording significantly affected (1) the rate of visitor response and (2) the mix of visitors who stopped for interviews. Data analysis show that the total number of all interviews obtained, the proportion of interviews obtained to overall traffic, and the proportion of non-recreation interviews obtained were different using different sign wording. The total number of recreation interviews obtained and the proportion of recreation interviews obtained were not different statistically.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 380			Serial	2398
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rammo, M.; Karoles, K.; Maran, K.; Jansen, J.; Almik, A.; Rammo, R.,
	Title	Visitor Surveys and Visitor Impact Monitoring in Recreational Areas in State Forests of Estonia			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	397-399
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 336			Serial	2376
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ryglova, K.; Turcinkova, J.,
	Title	Image as an Important Factor of Destination Management			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	355-359
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	For successful development of tourism in a region is a necessary condition to learn planning and using management principals. General characteristics of successful planning can be derived from experiences of their application in advanced countries but must be adapted to specific local regional conditions. Since 1989 (after the “Velvet Revolution”), the Czech Republic has become an attractive destination for many tourists from all over the world – it was a new, unknown and not financially demanding area. In the meantime, this trend has changed and Czech Republic has become a common tourist destination, which cannot exploit this competitive advantage any longer. Nowadays, when the differences between individual countries and regions are diminishing, and the main competitive forces are factors, such as image, which create the power of the “brand” of a particular destination. We can find that “the present tourism industry is formed by battle for destination, where the good brand sells”.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 326			Serial	2371
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Shoji, Y.; Yamaki, K.,
	Title	Visitor Perceptions of the Inscription on the World Heritage List: The Use of Stated Choice Methods			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	305-310
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	This study examines how visitors to Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan perceive its inscription on the World Heritage List by applying stated choice methods. Most visitors regarded the inscription as favourable although their willingness to pay indicated that better visitor control and further conservation of natural resources would be necessary by taking opportunity of the inscription. However, the current situation of World Heritage sites in Japan indicates that the domestic management system of natural resources is inadequate to realize these visitor visions. We conclude that the nomination of Daisetsuzan National Park for the World Heritage List should be reconsidered, but only after the Japanese management system for natural resources has been improved.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 310			Serial	2363
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Taczanowska, K.,
	Title	The Potentials for Developing Cross-border Tourism between Poland and Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	404-407
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	This paper presents the potentials for developing cross-border tourism in the Tatra Mountains. The area is situated in Central Eastern Europe, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. The new political situation (EU enlargement in May 2004) encourages closer cooperation between neighbouring regions and offers promising perspectives for tourism development. The entire mountain range is protected by two national parks – the Tatra National Parks (TANAP in Slovakia and TPN in Poland). The differences in management politics as well as varying infrastructure and the intensity of use have been analysed in order to identify potentials of developing cross-border tourism within the protected area. Additionally, visitors’ expectations and opinions of park managers have been considered. As a result, tourist border-crossings and transnational trails have been pointed. The paper discusses the perspectives of the concept implementation as well as its potential influence on visitor flows in the Tatra Mountains.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 340			Serial	2378
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Yamaki, K.; Shoji, Y.,
	Title	Classification of trail settings in an alpine national park using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	318-323
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	Considering trail settings in alpine national parks is important for both conserving nature and maximizing the quality of the experience for visitors. This study examines classifying trails in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum approach. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from park visitors concerning their preferences for the facility developments, accessibility, and visitor encounters. The responses were classified into four groups according to the preferences expressed for the types of trail settings. The trails were classified according to their characteristics as described by park visitors. The northern part of the park, with easier access and moderate development, was preferred by all groups, and the southern part of the park was preferred only by the those who favored more primitive surroundings.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 314			Serial	2365
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.,
	Title	A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation			Type
	Year	2004	Publication	Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 2 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	100-105
	Keywords	MMV2
	Abstract	An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364			Serial	2390
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Yamamoto, K., Saka, T.
	Title	Monitoring visitor use and awareness in Sanriku Reconstruction National Park: Towards eco-based disaster risk reduction			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	448-450
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	On Friday at 2:46 pm Japan standard time, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred at the level of the Japan Trench, approximately 130 km east of Sendai. The sea floor was lifted up, causing a major tsunami that inundated 516 km2 of the eastern coastline of Japan. Together, the earthquake and tsunami resulted in around 16,000 deaths and approximately 2,600 missing people (Renaud and Murti (eds.) 2013, Japan National Police Agency 2016). In order to support the revitalization of the Sanriku area, the Sanriku Reconstruction National Park was created after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. However, large construction projects provoked adverse reactions in the tsunami-hit areas. For example, a giant conveyor belt is bringing mud to raise the ground level in Rikuzentakata City and some researchers have pointed out resulting negative effects on the ecosystem. In the case of Sri Lanka, dumping of debris from the cleanup into waterways and wetlands created pollution and drainage problems that hampered long-term recovery after the Indian Ocean tsunami (Sudmeier-Rieux and Ash 2009). These kinds of negative impacts have occurred in the aftermath of disasters and it is very important to pay close attention to the post-disaster recovery period and also to address how to strengthen the function of protected areas in eco-based disaster risk reduction. In addition to this viewpoint, this research focuses on visitor use, including visitor consciousness that can offer information on the value of a national park. Not only visitor use but also the consciousness of visitors, such as interest in disaster risk reduction and expected countermeasures, are thought to change gradually after a disaster but very little research has focused on such types of changes in psychological states.
	Call Number				Serial	4002
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Mameno, K., Shoji, Y., Kubo, T., Aikoh, T., Tsuge, T.
	Title	Estimating preferences for pricing policies in Japanese national parks using best-worst scaling			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	436-438
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The purpose of this study is to understand preferences of the general Japanese public for pricing policies in the national park system applying the best-worst scaling (BWS) approach. One remarkable feature of Japanese national parks is that the most of costs for park services have traditionally financed not by visitors but by general taxpayers. Recently, however, the Japanese government has faced a serious financial shortage, each national park faces revenue shortfalls. In the near future, we need some fundamental changes in Japanese parks system on pricing policies. We have to know general Japanese citizens’ preferences for them.
	Call Number				Serial	3999
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Thapa, K.
	Title	Assessing economic impact of national park visitation in Nepal			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	439-441
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorized Protected Areas into six categories depending on management objectives. National park (IUCN category II) is the large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities (Dudley, 2008). Thus, national park provides opportunities for recreation and tourism besides conservation of biodiversity and ecological processes. . Tourism and Recreation which forms part of the cultural ecosystem services provide benefits to local, regional and international community in the form of nature visit, wilderness experience and economic contribution.
	Call Number				Serial	4000
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Melichar, J., Braun Kohlova, M., Kaprova, K.
	Title	Optimal pricing of recreation in the Czech protected areas			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	430-432
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	With growing number of visitors in wilderness areas, the burden on touristic infrastructure increases together with the nature protection expenses. The management of protected areas is not able to fully cover these costs and their economy is partially or completely dependent on state subsidies. The pricing of recreation is one of the options how to manage the number of visitors entering the protected area, and how to enhance the budgetary self-sufficiency of the protected areas. The contribution presents the model of the optimal entrance fees and potential revenues for the system of landscape protected areas and national parks in the Czech Republic. The model was transformed into a parametrized software tool available to the managements of Czech protected areas.
	Call Number				Serial	3997
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Juutinen, A
	Title	Nature-based tourism, protected areas and mining in Finnish Lapland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	375-376
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Tourism is growing industry and an important livelihood in northern Finland (Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). Simultaneously, nature has an essential role in tourism.Many tourism resorts are located very close to protected areas and tourism in protected areas play an important role in the local economy (Huhtala 2007, Lapin matkailustrategia 2015 – 2018). While tourism has increased, the role of traditional livelihoods, like forestry and agriculture has decreased (Saarinen 2003, 2005). Simultaneously with tourism growth the metal mining industry and mineral exploration activities have increased notably in Finland(Kivinen et al. 2014). Although the growing mining industryhas potential to bring positive socio-economicdevelopment in northern peripheral areas, the ungovernable growth of mining may adversely affect tourism and nature protection, and have raised some concerns among local people. As competing land use interests related to mining, tourism, forestry and environmental protection are likely to increase in the future,there is a need for tools for reconciling different land use needs.Our aim is to develop a new GIS-basedapproach that simultaneously considers ecological, social and economic values. Method can be used in classifying sites by their suitability for different land uses and locating areas with possibly conflicting land uses.
	Call Number				Serial	3978
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hibner, J., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Segmentation of alpine downhill skiers and snowboarders in mountain protected areas based on motivation factors: a comparison between two skiing areas: Kasprowy Wierch area (TPN, Poland) and Skalnaté Pleso area (TANAP, Slovakia).			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	366-368
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Comprehensive knowledge about visitor socio-demographic characteristics, combined with visitor motivations and preferences is necessary for successful visitor management in recreational and protected areas (Cessford & Muhar 2003). Visitor profiles based on motivational factors may support design of targeted tourist offer and communication between the management of protected areas and tourists (Konu & Kajala 2012). The main aim of this study is to segment downhill skiers and snowboarders of two ski resorts located in the Tatra National Parks (TPN in Poland and TANAP in Slovakia) based on visitor motivations.
	Call Number				Serial	3975
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Viswanathan, N.K., Vogel, R.M., Li, S., Wang, A.Z.
	Title	Sustainable Coastal Tourism on Long Island – A Preliminary Study			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	370-371
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This pilot study, part of a two year project funded by the New York Sea Grant identified two coastal cities on Long Island. Based on survey data the study examined the demographic characteristics of tourists and attempted to understand their motivation for visiting Long Island. The survey instrument consisted of twenty questions and the tourists to be surveyed were selected at random at the tourist site in the two cities. The questions measured many variables including the following, tourism attraction preferences, reasons for visiting, communication medium through which the tourist was exposed to the destination, family size and age, the preferences for different types of attractions and activities.
	Call Number				Serial	3976
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Thorbjornsson, J.G., Burns, G.L., Chambers, C.P., Olafsdottir, J.H., Kristjansson, B.K.
	Title	Diving between continents: Visitor motivations, disturbance and management implications for Silfra, Iceland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	357-359
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The Silfra fissure in Iceland’s Thingvellir National Park is a unique destination. It is the only place in the world where tourists can dive and snorkel in the crack between two continental plates. Dive and snorkeling entries into Silfra have increased dramatically during the last few years, and the potential for disturbance of both the fissure’s ecosystem and the tourist experience requires monitoring and managing.This interdisciplinary study aimed to understand the motivations of dive visitors to Silfra and the impact of their dives. A mixed method approach to obtaining data from four key stakeholder groups included observation of divers, questionnaires completed by divers, tour guides and tour operators, and interviews with the Park managers. From the findings, management strategies to maintain the positive experience for divers while minimizing the negative impacts on the fissure are recommended.
	Call Number				Serial	3972
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Taplin, R., Rodger, K., Moore, S.A.
	Title	The Multi-dimensional Components of Visitor Loyalty to Protected Areas			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	354-356
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Visitor loyalty is important for protected areas not only for the revenue received from entrance fees and other charges but also for political support for their continued existence (Rodger et al., 2015, Weaver & Lawton, 2011). For this reason extensive research reported in the literature examines not only visitor loyalty but also the factors (such as service quality and visitor satisfaction) that may increase visitor loyalty (Moore et al. 2015). This paper adds to our understanding of loyalty as a complex construct. Factor analysis is used to demonstrate the multidimensional nature of loyalty and to explore these different dimensions. Implications for loyalty research are discussed.
	Call Number				Serial	3971
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Melichar, J., Kaprova, K.
	Title	Measuring recreation benefits of forest quality change with contingent behavior model			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	319-322
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	In this study, a single site travel cost model is applied to infer recreational values placed by visitors on Jizerské hory Mountains (JH), one of the oldest landscape protected areas in the Czech Republic. Observed and stated behavior of recreationists are analyzed and used to estimate welfare changes associated with four hypothetical programs that improve or degrade the environmental quality in the area. The hypothetical scenarios are (i) decline of the forest quality of the existing spruce wood in the near future because of continuing air pollution (70% of spruce forest destroyed), (ii) change of forestry composition to 80% of broad-leaved trees which are more resistant to air pollution than spruce wood, (iii) the designation of the bird area as a Natura 2000 network which will cover 40% of the area and increases the number of birds, and (iv) charging an entrance fee into the bird area of 30 CZK.
	Call Number				Serial	3960
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kangas, K., Tolvanen, A., Tarvainen, O., Nikula, A., Nivala, V., Tyrvainen, L., Tuulentie, S., Huhta, E., Jakalaniemi, A.
	Title	A novel GIS –based approach to reconcile the needs for nature conservation, tourism and recreation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	267-269
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract
	Call Number				Serial	3942
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Taczanowska, K., Zieba, A., Hibner, J., Makaruk, W., Brandenburg, C., Muhar, A., Latosinska, B., Preisel, H., Gonzalez, L.M., Garcia, X., Toca-Herrera, J.L., Ziobrowski, S.
	Title	Application of GPS-tracking to analyse the spatial behaviour of cable car users – a case study from the summer season in the Tatra National Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	263-266
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The aim of this study was to explore the spatio-temporal distribution of visitors ina popular cable car destination -KasprowyWierchin the Tatra National Park. The main focus of this paper is the analysis of individual trip itineraries of the most numerous visitor group in the study area – cable car users purchasing return tickets.
	Call Number				Serial	3941
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Jones, T., Yamamoto, K., Aikoh, T., Kobayashi, A.
	Title	Comparing Climber Monitoring Methods on Mount Fuji			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	242-244
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Monitoring visitation is fundamental to effective management of protected areas, directing limited budgets towards mitigation of high priority impacts, such as those related to trails, trash and congestion. Accurate data is fundamental to negotiate problematic ‘hotspots’ and minimize conflicts between visitor segments (Eagles, 2014). However, although considerable research efforts have been devoted to monitoring visitation, many protected areas still function with inaccurate or out-of-date visitation statistics, exacerbated by a lack of systematic data collection due to various problems (Cope et al., 2000, Cessford & Muhar, 2003, Buckley 2009, Aikoh & Gokita, 2015):- – lack of multi-year time series due to changing count methods and institutional arrangements, – under-reporting due to multiple entrances, multiple access roads or non-tourist traffic, – representativeness of sample days undermined by weather conditions, public holidays, etc, – ‘guesstimates’ based on perceptions of staff or local volunteers, indirect or anecdotal evidence. In the ongoing quest for reliable, cost-effective collection methods, the pros and cons of on-site staff versus automated counters is a perennial question which this paper aims to contextualize using the case study example of two parallel systems currently being utilized on Mount Fuji’s north face.
	Call Number				Serial	3935
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kubo, T., Mameno, K., Tsuge, T.
	Title	Which local policies increase revisit intention to Amami Oshima Island, Japan? Using Best–Worst scaling methodology			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	225-228
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Recently, many studies have increasingly used and discussed the concept of revisit intentions. For example, Baker and Crompton (2000) have examined the relationship between revisit intentions and their satisfaction with travel. Chen and Gursoy (2001) have revealed the influence of past vacation experience on their revisit intentions. However, our previous studies conducted in Japanese recreational sites have shown that most tourists have expressed high revisit intentions. It seems difficult to identify which local polices increase revisit intentions of tourists using general questions (e.g., 5-point Likert scale questions). Based on the above backgrounds, the present study used Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) methodology to examine which local policies encourage tourists to revisit the destination. The advantage of BWS over general rating questions is to easily elicit relative importance of items such as policies for respondents because they choose one most and one least preferred item in each choice set. This advantage can give decision makers facing budget constraints useful information about local policy priorities for sustainable tourism.
	Call Number				Serial	3930
Permanent link to this record



	Author	De Bie, K.
	Title	Understanding and fostering local community support for protected areas engulfed by urban sprawl			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	220-221
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This study examined the awareness and perceptions of the conservation values of a local community living in newly developed suburbs on the southwestern urban fringe of Melbourne, Australia. The suburbsborder a series of Ramsar listed wetlands, a coastal park and foreshore reserves managed by the Victorian protected area management authority. The wetlands and coastal park in the study area have high biodiversity values, provide important habitat for a variety of fauna species, including migrating birds and support a number of different vegetation communities. Previous studies have shown that increasing urbanization has resulted in a more visitors and a subsequent rise in unauthorized activities and potentially harmful use (Antos et al., 2007).The primary aims of this study were to 1) to explorethe local communities awareness, perception, attitudes and usage of the local parksand 2) identify potential compelling messages and triggers that can influence local resident attitudes and behavior.
	Call Number				Serial	3928
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Asan, K., Emeksiz, M.
	Title	Breeding racing pigeons: The serious leisure perspective			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	187-189
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Pigeon racing is based on the remarkable homing instinct of pigeons, which enables their return to their loft, usually many hundred miles away. It offers not only the thrills and excitement of racing, but also the more sedate and intellectual rewards of breeding and rearing the birds (Jones, 2015). The history of breeding and racing pigeon is somewhat ancient. Pigeon homing was immensely popular during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Nowadays, pigeon breeding continues in many countries, especially through pigeon clubs or associations. These communities primarily aim to train and race homing pigeons. Apart from this, secondary objectives relevant to sustainability are also stated, including careful breeding, and taking measures to counter the poaching of birds (Baker, 2013).
	Call Number				Serial	3918
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Sievanen, T., Fredman, P., Søndergaard Jensen, F., Lexhagen, M., Lundberg, C., Sandell, K., Wall Reinius, S., Wolf-Watz, D.
	Title	Foresight Outdoor Recreation – A discussion based on monitoring experiences in the Nordic context			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	173-175
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Foresight outdoor recreation in the future is inherent important to inform policy makers and make the appropriate management decisions. It is also an essential tool to cope with changes. Participation in outdoor recreation in the Nordic countries has a long tradition and has been closely related to wellbeing, social welfare and cultural values. More recently, however, social, economic and environmental changes challenge the traditional view on outdoor recreation. This include, for example, urbanization, increased mobility, improved economy, cultural diversity, aging populations, new technology, climate change, competing leisure activities and time constraints.
	Call Number				Serial	3913
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Fredman, P., Sandell, K.
	Title	Predicting Outdoor Recreation – Experts vs. the Public			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	170-172
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Future participation in outdoor recreation is of interest to authorities as well as tourism and outdoor recreation organizations, but at the same time difficult to give an accurate answer for. It is not possible to study the future as such, since there is no empirical data to be analyzed which measures the time ahead of us. But the future is nevertheless a very important field of research because predicting the future is inherent important to make the right management decisions, improve adaptation, inform policy makers and ultimately support a more sustainable development. Alm et al. (2012:7) argue that “...we can use our knowledge about history and about the current situation for a discussion that also involves our values. The basic idea is that we can better shape our future in the way we want if we do this on an educated basis”. Elements in building this educated basis with regard to social science is for example information about changes over time for activities and attitudes, as well as presumptions concerning the future expressed by different groups. Hence, among the techniques that can be used to get a better basis for speculations about the future are predictions by experts and surveys among potential participants.
	Call Number				Serial	3912
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hornigold, K., Lake, I., Dolman, P.
	Title	Modelling use of forest recreation routes, an application for woodlark (Lullulaarborea) conservation			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	157-160
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	During the 20th century large parts of the UK were afforested to provide a strategictimber reserve (Peterken, 1993, pg. 85). Afforestation of open habitatsreduced the extent of unimproved grasslands, heathlands and wetlands, with consequent declines in associated species. To mitigate these impacts the UK Forestry Standard (Forestry Commission 2011) recommends a minimum 10% open space. In Thetford Forest (18,730 ha)the Forestry Commission is wideningverges along 278 km oftrackway to increaseopen habitat(current extent 7.1%) and createan ‘Open Habitat Network’ (OHN)to enhance habitat and population connectivity for rare and protected species(Armour-Chelu et al. 2014).In the present study we model recreational flow throughout theThetford Forest trackway networkto estimate DEs h-1on all elements of the proposed OHN. From estimatedthresholdsfor woodlark we quantify the number of trackway elements in the OHN unlikely to be colonised and therefore the potential loss of conservation benefit due to recreation. This tool is then used to assess mitigation through access point closure.
	Call Number				Serial	3908
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kajala, L., Karoles-Viia, K.
	Title	Long term visitor monitoring in protected and recreational areas – results from Finland and Estonia			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	134-136
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Parks & Wildlife Finland (P&WF) is a unit of Metsahallitus that manages Finland’s national parks and other state-owned protected and recreational areas. Estonian State Management Centre (SFMC) is responsible for managing the Estonian state forests and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in state forests and protected areas. Both agencies have monitored protected and recreational area visitors with similar methodology for more than ten years, P&WF Finland since year 2000 and SFMC since year 2002 (Metsahallitus 2016a, Metsahallitus 2016b, Karoles & Maran 2014). When visitor information is gathered with uniform and systematic visitor monitoring methods across areas and time, it provides invaluable possibilities for comparisons (Hornback & Eagles 1999, Kajala et al. 2007). This paper examines international visitor information, comparing national level visitor monitoring statistics from Estonia and Finland.
	Call Number				Serial	3901
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Latosinska, B., Brandenburg, C., Czachs, C., Muhar, A., Grabowski, M., Sobanska, E., Pikus, A., Rothert, M., Taczanowska, K.
	Title	Social media dynamics affecting differences between online and on -site surveys: First findings from a case study in the Tricity Landscape Park, Poland			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	126-129
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Managers of parks and forestshave to optimize the allocation of resources to provide new recreational infrastructure and maintain the existing one.In order to successfully managerecreationalareas and to gain realistic view on actual visitation levels as well as visitors’ needs and expectations, it is necessary to find reliable and effective tools and methods for visitor data collection and analysis(Kajala et al., 2007,Cessford, Muhar, 2003). In recent years, the use of online surveys in outdoor recreation research as complement to traditional survey methods (on-site, mail and telephone surveys) has been significantly expanded. Comparability of data gathered from traditional paper interviewing and from online surveys is a subject of discourse in many fields of social science research (Namhun, Xiaojuan, Zvi, 2013, Dolnicar, Laesser, Matus, 2009, Yetter, Capaccioli, 2010). Personal interviewson-site survey and online survey may involve respondents with different sociodemographic profiles because of the different mode. Furthermore, both approaches differ in place and time of interviewing. On-site surveys take place during a trip in a forest and the online survey at a random moment while browsing the internet. In this setting other influencing factors may play a significant role. In outdoor recreation research sampling biases and the influence of social media dynamics on participation in online surveys and representativity of results have not yet been sufficiently researched.
	Call Number				Serial	3899
Permanent link to this record



	Author	McArdle, K., Walden-Schreiner, C., Edwards, M.B., Leung, Y-F., Seekamp, E., Duerden, M., Blank North, G.
	Title	Evaluating Youth Conservation Corps Trail Improvement Projects: Sampling & Data Collection Protocols			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	108-110
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	This poster highlights the project’s first phase: development and implementation of a standardized trail assessment. This tool employs accessible measures appropriate for participants who may have limited data collection experience, is applicable to a diversity of landscapes worldwide, and is adaptable to other types of programs besides conservation. The tools developed through this collaboration are being implemented by corps members and staff during and after improvement projects. Using a comprehensive and standard methodology, the evaluation will provide corps and their partners with valuable information to use in communicating their outcomes, identifying opportunities for program growth and improvement.
	Call Number				Serial	3893
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kaprova, K., Melichar, J.
	Title	Modelling the recreation demand for natural areas in the Czech Republic			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	96-98
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The contribution aims at modelling of recreation demand for large natural areas in the Czech Republic using a discrete choice model based on McFadden´s random utility framework. Our application encompasses 27 recreation areas, including national parks and large protected landscape areas. The main interest of the analysis is to determine which environmental attributes of recreation sites (such as land cover, type or structure of vegetation or forest type) drive the demand for outdoor recreation, employing the recreation demand model, it is further possible to disentangle the implicit recreation value that visitors associate with particular sites and particular environmental characteristics of the area.
	Call Number				Serial	3889
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bandeira Diniz, F.K., de Souza Pimentel, D.
	Title	Social Carrying Capacity at a Brazilian Protected Area			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	39-41
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	The modern societies reencounter the nature’s social representation in protected areas. Thus, there is a new enchantment with natural environments and concepts’ redefinition (Borrie 2012). According to this social archetype, the protected areas assume this main goal of biological diversity protection and ecosystems process maintenance (Dudley 2008). But even the most conscious visitors leave marks of their presence. A possible management action to protect resources and improve the visitor experience is to limit the number of visitors by calculating the social carrying capacity. This concept it refers to the number of visitors that can be accommodated in a protected area at the same time ensuring a satisfactory experience (Boullon 1997). The objective of this paper is to present the social carrying capacity of a high visited site in a Brazilian Park.
	Call Number				Serial	3872
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dimovic, D., Stefan, A., Ivanic, K.Z,
	Title	Values and Benefits of Protected Areas as Potential for Sustainable Development			Type
	Year	2016	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas – ABSTRACT BOOK	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 8 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	7-8
	Keywords	MMV8
	Abstract	Demographic change is a challenge for many remote regions in Europe when it comes to the development of long term sustainable development strategies. While large scale investments often suggest new jobs and economic growth, the possible impacts of new regional development projects on natural resources and nature conservation are neglected. As a consequence, the opportunities and threats of regional development as well as the role of nature as a capital for local economies are rarely known. On the one hand the decreasing populations offer more potential for extensive agriculture, wilderness or sustainable tourism arising from additional land-use options and on the other hand the regions are facing the challenges to enhance the attractiveness and economic prosperity. This means that innovative solutions are needed to combine sustainable regional development that builds on the potential of nature conservation and natural resource management within sustainable and resilient local economic. In order to better understand the ecologically sustainable territorial developmentthe Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool (PA-BAT) was used to assess the protected areas in the Balkan ecoregion an area with a rich natural and cultural heritage.The PA-BAT is a new tool developed and tested by Equilibrium Research, WWF and partners.It was the biggest ever participatory assessments of protected areas benefits at the regional level, 60 workshops held in protected areas with more than 1,200 participants. This kind of workshops are an effective way of gathering and focusing public input at the early stage of protected area management planning process, but also motivation for their continued involvement in following stages.
	Call Number				Serial	3866
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Aoki, Y.; FujitaHitoshi; Aoki, K.,
	Title	Measurement and analysis of congestion at the traditional Japanese garden “Korakuen”			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	264-270
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	Nature and greenery spaces are especially required in the high-density residential areas of Megalopolis in Japan. People are looking for rich greenery spaces and they are requiring for the preservation of the greenery space in redeveloping areas. But people have recently found that parks often were too crowded, when they visited them for enjoying a quiet greenery environment. Almost all old Japanese cities have parks in traditional garden style, which have been opened to the public since Meiji revolution, i.e. a hundred years ago. Originally, the gardens were possession of the Daimyo, i.e. the feudal lord, and they were enjoyed privately. Recent increase in visitors destroyed the original use pattern and the unique atmosphere, and this, of course, confused the management of the park administration. The administration and the users therefore encouraged investigations concerning the appropriate management of park as a pleasant environment. To find a preferable carrying capacity of green spaces, the impression of congestion and quietness was analyzed in a traditional Japanese garden, using the number of visitors as an indicator. The following results were obtained. The impression of congestion is significantly correlated with the number of visitors in the park, and 700 persons on 7 hectares generates the impression of congestion for a half of visitors. To satisfy the impression of quietness for more than a half of visitors, their numbers must be reduced to less than 400 persons for 7 hectares. The decreasing in number of visitors provides a more efficient impression of congestion than that of increasing.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 494			Serial	2310
Permanent link to this record



	Author	English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Arnold, J.R.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Warren, L.,
	Title	Visitor Use of USDA Forest Service Recreation Areas: Methods and Results from the National Visitor Use Monitoring Effort			Type
	Year	2002	Publication	Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	MMV 1 - Proceedings	Issue		Pages	246-251
	Keywords	MMV1
	Abstract	One stratum of survey sites in the USDA Forest Service’s National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) effort contains agency-managed elements of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Two related methods are used to estimate the amount of visitation that occurs in these areas. One utilizes annual information on the number of use permits at the sites where these are mandatory; the other employs a double-sampling approach to estimate visitation. In both cases, on-site visitor sampling is required to obtain the information necessary to estimate actual visitation. A few additional questions on the survey enable us to describe visitor demographics, evaluate customer satisfaction, and estimate economic values and impacts of these visits. The presentation discusses development of the sampling design as well as calibration issues for both use estimation methods. A comparison of the statistical accuracy and cost of each is made. Because the sample design is based on the spatial-temporal combination of Wilderness exit points and the days they are open, some analytic adjustment to the sample survey data is required (beyond simple sample means) to get results that describe the visiting population. The analytic framework is presented, along with some empirical results from the first year of sampling at six selected National Forests to give the flavor of the managerially-relevant information we have so far obtained. The presentation concludes with a discussion of how we plan to extend the analysis that can include issues such as developing models of visitor flows and relating visitation levels to perceptions of crowding.
	Call Number	ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 486			Serial	2306
Permanent link to this record