| Records |
| Author |
Singsaas, M.; Gundersen, V., |
| Title |
Tradition and destination: Socio-ecological sustainability and the host-visitor inter-face in second-home development in Norway |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
390-391 |
Keywords  |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Second homes (SH) are a major form of domestic tourism in many countries, especially the Nordic countries. Nearly 50% of Norways population have access to at least one SH. Over the last 20-30 years, the average SH size has increased significantly (62.2 m2 in 1983 to 96.2 m2 in 2019) and a typical SH now holds very high material standard. Moreover, four times as many SHs were built in 2019 compared to 1983 (6455 versus 1600). In this period, the majority of the second home growth in Norway has taken place in the rural mountain areas (Skjeggedal et al. 2016), placing these areas under a multitude of interrelated pressures; Buildings and activities place local nature and biodiversity under pressure, but in addition the modern SHD trend also places pressure on the host-visitor relationships and land management systems, as well as altering local economies.Compared to other forms of recreation and tourism, Second home developments (SHD) poses particular challenges. SH owners are tourists, and exert similar impact on hosting communities, however, the dwelling use (Paris, 2014) of SHs, characterized by extended and repeated visits, sometimes spanning generations, implies different social, economic and ecological impacts than from other forms of tourism. Covering 39% of the total Norwegian area and 70% of Norways protected land, mountain municipalities are facing negative population trends, decreasing economic opportunities in the traditional industries and low accessibility to important public services. Since the 1990s rural areas have increasingly been portrayed as arenas for post-productivist amenity and leisure production for a growing urban population (Perkins 2006; Overvåg 2010; Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016). With widespread second home developments, intensive tourism developments, and other recreational use, new actors are claiming a stake in the outfields and in local governance (Overvåg et al. 2016). Existing research tends not to have dealt holistically with SH pressures. Despite a growing literature on the challenges mountain communities face (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2010) and the commodifications of rural resources (Perkins 2006, Rønningen & Flemsæter 2016), descriptions and analyses of local inhabitants and SH owners land use practices, experiences and meanings are still scarce. Without a better understanding of the increasing and transforming SH developments and its competing interests, values and practices, the pressures related to SH is likely to intensify, leading to conflicts and hampering ecological as well as economic and social sustainability.As the SH transforms to year-round use and even as a primary residence, the changed and increased recreational practices have put pressure on ecosystems (e.g. wild reindeer habitats), sheep and reindeer herding practices and local nature practices such as hunting and berry picking (e.g. Arnesen et al. 2019). Thus, recent SHD has increased tensions between nature users and nature conservationists and between hosts carrying out traditional local practices and visitors challenging these. While an array of branding and visitation strategies, initiated by national government, are being developed in protected areas throughout Norway, there is a lack of national policies and institutional support for SH management in local communities surrounding protected areas. While protected areas area managed by the State, SH planning lies within the realm of local government. Local authorities are thus in a strong position to guide development, however, asHall and Müller (2004) points out, it can also result in a lack of regional and national consistency in planning guidelines. The double challenge local councils face; few formal tools for visitation regulations outside protected areas, and the distinctive impacts from dwelling SH users, highlights the need for transgressing the current focus on building regulation, to a wider comprehensive planning for social sustainability in addition to economical and ecological sustainability. We therefore look at how SH are incorporated into the strategic planning process at local and regional levels, in ensuring sustainable development of SH in a broad sense. To better understand the degree and implications of these tensions and pressures, there is need to take a bottom-up perspective, looking at the SHD phenomenon by investigating different groups of peoples nature-based practices, their values and expressed attitudes and meanings, to further develop insights of relevance to local as well as national decision-making processes enabling a more sustainable second home development. |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
4372 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K., |
| Title |
Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
394-395 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4374 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Clemetsen, M.; Stokke, K. B., |
| Title |
Creating synergies between nature-based tourism and local community development through enhanced dialogue processes. |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
398-399 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Nature-based tourism (NBT) has for decades been a major resource for value creation and local development in rural districts in Norway. However, in recent years some areas have experienced an increasing pressure from the tourism industry, both in fjord- and coastal and mountain regions (Stokke et al. 2017). A more fine-tuned and sensitive attitude to attractions related to wildlife, quietness, and local stories and storytelling is emerging, and has a substantial potential for integrating NBT and local community development.In a long-term perspective, it is essential for municipalities and local communities to balance the influx of tourists and the capacity to welcome them. To inform planning and development processes, it is therefore important to understand the tangible and intangible place-based values and resources attached to minor rural communities.In the present global situation represented by the pandemic lock down, climate and bio-diversity crises, there is a growing awareness in local and regional governments, that tourism in general, and nature-based tourism specifically, also should be a partner in developing place-based and sustainable transition-processes (Clemetsen et al 2021).This might involve a broad variety of actors, from local residents – young and older, small scale entrepreneurs, farmers, schools, municipal administrators, etc. Thus, in the process of developing strategies for an unknown and uncertain future, there is a need to apply appropriate process tools that may foster development of shared visions, strategies and measures that support sustainable development. The complexity in the process of understanding place, place-based values, and their potential for future value creation, demand methods that commits the participants beyond what is required in ordinary local planning processes. To pursue this ambition, it is necessary to create arenas for negotiation of interests, and for developing strategies for social and economic initiatives involving the local community, the municipality, and other stakeholders.On the background of a participatory workshop conducted in the BIOTOUR[1] case area in Trysil municipality in 2019, we will discuss possible methods and tools that can provide arenas for dialogue processes, supporting nature-based tourism development and social viability within the local community. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4376 |
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| Author |
Sagheim, K. B.; Lerfald, M.; Kvamme, S., |
| Title |
Sharing in the context of nature-based tourism |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
402-403 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
The tourism sector is impacted by megatrends such as increased availability of high-tech equipment, information and communication technology (ICT) and the sharing economy (SE) (Elmahdy et al. 2017). High-tech equipment and clothing provide tourists with increased comfort and safety. The ICT enables online booking and digital communication and in recent years, digital platforms have enabled sharing of underutilized assets with strangers. These global trends expect to affect the demand for nature-based tourism experiences, and the way people engage with nature (Fredman & Margaryan 2020, p. 6). A part of the nature-based tourism (NBT) sector is equipment-intensive, with activity-adapted development of specialized equipment and clothing (e.g., Randonnée, kiting, kayaking). The equipment is often expensive and underutilized. One of the key themes in the NBT literature is to understand the role of NBT in the context of global transformations as (among others) the SE (Elmahdy et al. 2017; Fredman & Margaryan 2020). The SE includes a broad set of activities and concepts, from Airbnb and Uber to companies enabling temporary transactions of assets, often labelled access-based consumption (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015) or on-demand renters (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The focus in access-based consumption, is to gain access to goods or services for a limited period without acquiring ownership (Eckhardt & Bardhi 2015). Moreover, on-demand renters are characterized by companies which enable a temporary transaction of new assets (Trabucchi et al. 2019, p. 1007). These approaches present an innovative version of the traditional renting business model where the companies provide a platform that offers direct access to shared assets (B2C, C2C), without any human intermediaries (Trabucchi et al. 2019). The literature on SE is growing but has a strong bias towards cities and metropolitan regions. More knowledge is needed about the development of the SE in peripheral areas (Agarwal & Steinmetz 2019). With this backdrop there is a need for more knowledge about what people are willing to share and with whom, and how the use of technology can affect the NBT experiences. Findings from Iversen and Hem (2018) and Fredman & Margaryan (2020) underpin these knowledge gaps. To fill these gaps, the purpose of this article is to investigate attitudes towards sharing of gear (including clothes) among tourists doing NBT in Norway, aiming to increase our knowledge about NBT in the context of sharing economy and to contribute to the knowledge gap about sharing economy in general and in peripheral areas in particular. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4377 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Gretzinger, S.; Leick, B.; Ulrich, A. M. D., |
| Title |
Actor role-resource interactions in emerging sharing-economy businesses: A case study from Danish sharing-economy entrepreneurs |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
408-408 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
This paper explores the process of establishing and developing businesses within the sharing economy by assuming that actors, resources and activities jointly shape various roles associated with sharing-economy entrepreneurship within platform ecosystems over time. Starting from the dyadic level of analysis, a sample of 15 aspiring entrepreneurs as well as up-stream/down-stream actors related with the entrepreneurs (n= 45 interviews scheduled) in the country-case of Denmark will be sampled to investigate this research question. In the paper, we will describe actor-individual roles as well as business-oriented roles on the dyadic and the network level during the process of establishing, consolidating and stabilising shared-economy businesses. In addition, the drivers that enable these processes will be identified. This short paper provides an overview of the theoretical framework and the planned research design for the empirical study. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4380 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Fredman, P.; Haukeland, J. V.; Dybedal, P.; Stokke, K. B.; Forbord, M., |
| Title |
From place-based resources to value-added experiences: Future perspectives on Nature-based tourism |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
348-349 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Nature based tourism is framed and flavored not only by the socio economic conditions of the region where it occurs, but just as much by natural resources and opportunities to make use of them in a tourism context. This session summarizes five years of research on nature based tourism in the BIOTOUR project and discuss future prospect of this sector in the light of a greener economy, more robust communities and sustainable practices. It will also present key content from the recently published book “Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. From place-based resources to value-added experiences”, edited by professors Peter Fredman and Jan Vidar Haukeland. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4354 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Dorado, V.; Farias-Torbidoni, E. O.; Mendes, R. N.; Morera, S.; Garriga, M.; Villanueva, M., |
| Title |
Tourist carrying capacity. A turning point to a sustainable tourism model. The case of Alt Pirineu National Park – Spain. |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
56-57 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
In the last decades, the world population has increased its physical sports activities in the natural environment. According to the last Eurobarometer survey about outdoor sports, Spain figures in third place with 53% of the population claiming that have been involved in physical outdoor activities, after Finland (67%) and Austria (54%) (European Commission, 2018). As a result, there has been an increase in overcrowding in Protected Areas, which has attracted the attention in the Spanish mass media revealing the consequences that have already demonstrated in various environmental (Cole, 2008; Newsome, 2014; Pickering, 2010; Salesa & Cerda, 2020), social (Weiler et al., 2019) and security studies (Moscoso, 2004). On that point, different public and private entities requested solutions to manage overcrowding in different natural parks through the determination of the Tourist Carrying Capacity (TCC), i.e. maximum number of people who can visit an area at the same time, without damaging the physical, economic or sociocultural environment, nor cause an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction (OMT, s. f.). This article aims to show the application of the Cifuentes (1992) methodology about the TCC in 17 trails of Alt Pirineu Natural Park (PNAP), within Vall Ferrera to be included in the next trail guide of the park. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4223 |
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| Author |
Rogowski, M., |
| Title |
Changes of tourism under impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Stołowe Mountains and Karkonosze Mountains National Parks, south-western Poland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
104-105 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
National parks are important tourist destinations because of their high bio- and geodiversity values that enable outdoor activities and leisure in natural environment. This is vibrant issues because the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have limited leisure in natural environment. This presentation highlights the outcomes of the survey conducted on visitors behaviour and motivations during national park visits at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The research was conducted in two mountain national parks located in south-western Poland, i.e., Stolowe Mts. National Park (SMNP) and Karkonosze National Park (KNP), both located in the Sudety Mountains along the Polish-Czech national border. The study identifies intentions of visitors behaviour change in comparison with the pre-COVID-19 period, i.e., 2017-2019. The study aimed to determine the factors that influence the mountain national park visits. Specifically, the surveys were used i) to assess spatiotemporal changes of visitors, distribution in two national parks, including changes in seasonality of tourism and frequencies of main tourism attractions sight-seeings; i) to characterized changes in motivations and behaviours of park visitors during the pandemic period in comparison to the pre-COVID-19 period. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4246 |
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| Author |
Schulz, L.; Price, M., |
| Title |
Mapping the distribution of outdoor activities to assess their impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) – Evidence from user-generated geographic information |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
114-115 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
The most severe effects of outdoor tourism orrecreation (OTR) are habitat fragmentation, modification, and loss, which affect animal behaviour, survivorship, distribution, and reproduction (e.g.: Karlson & Mörtberg, 2015; Monz, Pickering, & Hadwen, 2017). A highly used path can create a barrier and lead animals to avoid a much wider area through trail-edge effects (Monz et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2014). Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) respond differently to different OTR activities, e.g., they avoid mountain-bike trails up to 1091.5m and winter infrastructure up to 327.1m (Coppes et al., 2017). Along multiuse tracks, capercaillie use trees closer to tracks in less visited woodland than in highly visited woodland, with tree use asymptotes of 197m and 291m, respectively (Summers et al., 2007). The present study assessed 1) patterns of recreational uses, 2) functional habitat loss of capercaillie due to trail-edge effects, 3) the impacts of OTR on lek site selection, and 4) the potential for capercaillie refuges. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4250 |
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| Author |
Piotrowski, K.; Rogowski, M.; Mickiewicz, A., |
| Title |
Assessment and accuracy improvement of monitoring of tourism traffic in a mid-mountain national park (MSTT: Monitoring System of tourist traffic) in Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
290-291 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
The sustainable management of vulnerable natural areas requires accurate measurement of visitor flows, especially in protected natural areas (Andersen et al. 2013). According to Andersen et al. (2013), the most often used counting system is a pyroelectric sensor that features a lens sensitive to heat radiation emitted by the human body (Eco-Counter model: PYRO sensor). An important challenge with automatic counting systems is their accuracy, since all types of counters are subject to counting errors (Pettebone et al. 2010).This study focuses on visitor counting accuracy in national parks situated in mountain areas that are also one of the most popular tourist areas. It illustrates the attention to detail required to carry out accurate visitor counting. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of pyroelectric sensor measurement errors in relation to different visitor flow levels and different time intervals between visitors. This verification was based on field experiments and on-site observations of the pyroelectric sensors working as part of the Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT) in Stolowe Mountain National Park (SMNP) in Sudety Mountains, southwestern Poland. SMNP is visited by about 900,000 tourists per year. (Rogowski 2020). In mountain areas, it is difficult to collect data over a longer period of time. In addition, field and weather conditions may yield a higher error rate. This evaluation of accuracy was performed to yield calibration formulas. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4329 |
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| Author |
Stokke, K. B.; Clemetsen, M., |
| Title |
Local spatial planning as tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
396-397 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Nature-based tourism is to a large extent based on different types of protected areas, adjacent landscapes and communities. In this paper we explore how municipal spatial planning may serve as a tool for integrated visitor strategies and community development. In Norway, visitor strategies are introduced for national parks and other large protected areas. These strategies are based on the planning system inside protected areas, regulated by the Nature Diversity Act. The research question is: How can local spatial planning support integrated visitor strategies and community development? Norway has two different institutional systems for spatial planning within and outside protected areas. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4375 |
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| Author |
De Vries, S.; Jellema, A.; Goossen, M., |
| Title |
FORVISITS: modelling visitor flows at a regional level |
Type |
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| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
78-84 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) is trying to develop a coherent set of indicators to monitor nature areas in the Netherlands. One of the proposed indicators is the recreational use of nature areas. Besides indicating the social value of a specific area, recreational use may be also be used as input for modelling habitat quality, another MNP-indicator. Recreational use itself is likely to depend on the attractiveness of the area, such as its scenic beauty. This attractiveness is yet another MNPindicator. Because the MNP wants a national overview of the recreation use of all nature areas, on-site monitoring is not a feasible option. Therefore we have started to develop a model to predict the number of recreational visits to forests and nature areas: FORVISITS. Although the model is still in its early stages, a first nation-wide application has taken place and will be presented. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 358 |
Serial |
2387 |
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| Author |
Grossmann, M.; Klaphake, A.; Meyerhoff, J., |
| Title |
Canoes versus birds or canoeists versus canoeists? Combining interview survey and visitor monitoring to inform visitor management in the Mueritz National Park |
Type |
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| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
277-284 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Intensive use of canoeing trails in national parks can impact both wildlife and the satisfaction of paddlers. This paper focuses on paddlers’ perception of congestion in the National Park Mueritz (Germany) and the effectiveness of different management options. Our theoretical discussion is based on the economics of congestion and the social science literature on carrying capacity of recreational resources. For the empirical application, we use interview survey and monitoring data. While our results suggest a high relevance of congestion on canoeists’ satisfaction, the acceptance of a quota system does not exceed 30 percent. We employ a statistical analysis to describe the effect of different use levels on the quality of the paddling experience. We further use the travel cost method for a rough prediction of the effect of pricing strategies (entrance fee) on use levels. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 302 |
Serial |
2359 |
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| Author |
Kajala, L.; Erkkonen, J.; Perttula, M., |
| Title |
Measures for Developing Sustainability of Nature Tourism in Protected Areas |
Type |
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| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
236-241 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Nature protection areas are often significant and attractive recreation areas and tourist destinations. In Finland, Metsähallitus manages most of state owned protected areas. Thus, Metsähallitus also has a significant responsibility for tourism development in these areas. As a part of a larger Metsähallitus project to promote sustainable nature tourism in protected areas, the organization has developed measures for estimating the environmental impacts of nature tourism in protected areas. The measures are derived from Metsähallitus’ nine principles of for sustainable nature tourism, including the aspects of ecological, socio-cultural, and economic sustainability. The indicators have been tested in six pilot areas across Finland. This article describes the process of developing indicators, and the ways in which the indicators are being and will be used through incorporating them into the overall planning process. Sustainability is approached by setting standards, i.e. defining the limits of acceptable change, for each indicator. While some of the indicators are ready to be used, further development and testing is still required. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 344 |
Serial |
2380 |
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| Author |
Keirle, I.; Stephens, M., |
| Title |
Do walkers stay on footpaths? An observational study of Cwm Idwal in the Snowdonia National Park |
Type |
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| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
143-148 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Access to the countryside of England and Wales is at present being extended through new powers created by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000). This has for the first time introduced a statutory right of open access to areas designated on maps as mountain (land situated above 600m), moor, heath, down or registered common land. This paper considers the behaviour of visitors in relation to whether they choose to exert their ‘right to roam’ at Cwm Idwal, a popular mountain area located within the Snowdonia National Park in north Wales where access to open countryside is de facto (through custom). The study used an observational technique to establish the distribution and group size of visitors over a pre-defined observation area. The results showed that visitors predominantly stayed on paths with only 9.5% of groups of size twelve deviating from linear access routes. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 389 |
Serial |
2402 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K., |
| Title |
Affects of Road Sign Wording on Visitor Survey – Non-Response Bias |
Type |
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| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
34-37 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
On-site visitor interviewer data collection is a key component of the USDA Forest Service National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) program. In many areas, especially higher speed roads and roads with non-recreation traffic, many vehicles may not stop for an interview. Wording on the sign may condition non-recreation visitors to self-select as to whether or not they decide to stop for an interview. Since the primary purpose of the interview is to calibrate a mechanical traffic counter, such behavior can lead to bias in the resulting visitation estimate. Non-response bias of national forest traffic was examined by using four different wordings for road signs during NVUM interview days. The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with each treatment (sign) being applied to five different road locations (blocks). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if any particular sign wording significantly affected (1) the rate of visitor response and (2) the mix of visitors who stopped for interviews. Data analysis show that the total number of all interviews obtained, the proportion of interviews obtained to overall traffic, and the proportion of non-recreation interviews obtained were different using different sign wording. The total number of recreation interviews obtained and the proportion of recreation interviews obtained were not different statistically. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 380 |
Serial |
2398 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lawson, S.; Kiely, A.M.; Manning, R.E., |
| Title |
Computer Simulation as a Tool for Developing Alternatives for Managing Crowding at Wilderness Campsites on Isle Royale |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
114-119 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Isle Royale National Park is experiencing increased backcountry visitation, resulting in crowded camping conditions during peak periods. For example, during July and August, backcountry campground capacities are commonly exceeded and visitors are required to share sites with other groups. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, two phases of research were conducted to assist Park managers in addressing this issue. In the first phase of research, computer simulation modeling was used to test the effectiveness of alternative management practices designed to reduce or eliminate campground crowding. The simulation results provide numerical estimates of campground crowding (i.e., campsite sharing) under alternative management approaches, including permit quotas, trailhead quotas, campsite development, and fixed itineraries. The second phase of research used stated choice analysis to evaluate visitors’ attitudes toward alternative management scenarios developed with the simulation model. Results of the stated choice analysis suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate some campground crowding in order to avoid “heavy-handed” management practices. Together, findings from the two phases of research assist Park managers in estimating the outcomes of alternative management practices and anticipating the likelihood that visitors will support those outcomes. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 401 |
Serial |
2408 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J., |
| Title |
Development of a Values-based Approach to Managing Recreation on Canadian Crown Lands |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
285-293 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
A key issue in sustainability is understanding the values of a particular place that are to be conserved. While many of the natural resource values of protected areas are mandated, values associated with public use and recreation are frequently less clearly defined and often hotly contested. Public involvement processes are often used to elicit these values and a number of mostly survey-based approaches have been developed to achieve this. However, theoretical considerations concerning the nature of values and the processes of value formation have brought into question whether survey approaches on their own are the most appropriate way of understanding values. Consideration of public use and recreation values brings into play many of the issues surrounding place attachment and place identification. People value places because they symbolize something, because they have histories and memories associated with them, because they are interwoven in the stories we tell our self and others about who we are, and because they are rhetorical methods of making arguments for managing a place in one way or another. These ideas center on ‘meaning-based” rather than “information processing” models of value formation. In this context, values are seen as discursive constructions, which are continuously being contested and reconstructed through political dialogue. It is argued that a ‘meaning-based’ approach to value formation is better suited to the developing models of collaborative planning than are the expert-driven, rational decision-making models that have dominated natural area planning. This paper describes a planning approach, which seeks to combine both interpretive approaches to data collection (narratives and value mapping) and survey methods in the elicitation of values attached to a working forest. A process will be detailed that links the characteristics of an area with the spatial distribution of values ascribed to the same area utilizing GIS and photo-mosaic representations. The case study area discussed in this paper is the Dog River/Matawin area of North Western Ontario. Application of this approach to forest planning will be discussed. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 304 |
Serial |
2360 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Payne, R.J.; McIntyre, N.; Yuan, M.; Moore, J.; Bradford, L.; Elliott, S., |
| Title |
Recreation Experience Preferences and Activity Profiles in a Crown Forest Landscape in Ontario, Canada |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
164-170 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
The use of public forested areas in Ontario, Canada is governed by the Crown Forest Sustainability Act that directs the management authority, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), to ensure that forest operations co-exist with other uses of the forest, especially recreation and tourism. Implementing these legislative requirements has been difficult for the OMNR: it lacks data on recreation and tourism; it lacks readily available social scientific expertise; and it lacks the necessary integrative model. The larger project of which this work is a part, focussing on the Dog River-Matawin Forest, west of Thunder Bay, Ontario and immediately east of Quetico Provincial Park, is designed to address several of these gaps. This paper seeks to answer two of the many questions concerning how people use the forest for recreation and tourism purposes: what motivates different users and how do those motivations relate to activity profiles. Our findings indicate that four distinct experience preference groups exist among the 1,556 people who used the forest for recreation and tourism purposes. When these groups are compared with four distinct activity profiles, we make connections that, when mapped (a future phase of the work), begin to indicate areas where potential conflicts might occur with forest operations or with other recreation activities. We conclude by noting that, while knowledge about how people use the forest is interesting in itself, both an integrative framework and a scientifically-capable Ministry of Natural Resources are needed if that knowledge is to find its way into management actions to implement the requirements of Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 395 |
Serial |
2405 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Pouta, E.; Sievänen, T.; Neuvonen, M., |
| Title |
Profiling recreational users of national parks, national hiking areas and wilderness areas in Finland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
347-354 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Finland’s national parks, wilderness areas and national hiking areas play an important role in tourism and recreation, in addition to their primary purpose of nature conservation. Very little attention has been paid by research to the factors that influence the use of these state-owned areas by different segments of the population. The results of logistic and negative binomial regression models based on population-survey data indicate that the users of these state-owned recreation areas have a higher than average level of education and are more likely to be white-collar employees. The users were typically enthusiasts of particular forms of outdoor recreation, above all skiing and camping. The availability of state-owned recreation areas in the home municipality increased the likelihood of using them. The number of user days spent in these areas tended to be larger among those whose permanent residence was in eastern Finland or in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. Small-sized household and abundance of leisure time also increased the amount of use. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 324 |
Serial |
2370 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Rammo, M.; Karoles, K.; Maran, K.; Jansen, J.; Almik, A.; Rammo, R., |
| Title |
Visitor Surveys and Visitor Impact Monitoring in Recreational Areas in State Forests of Estonia |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
397-399 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 336 |
Serial |
2376 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Roovers, P.; Dumont, B.; Gulinck, H.; Hermy, M., |
| Title |
Visual obstruction of herb vegetation, defining standards for natural barriers |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
400-403 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
As a result of increasing impact of recreation on natural resources and visitor experiences, wilderness managers often want to control recreational use. However, most of the attempts to alter wilderness recreational use patterns, suffer from a lack of knowledge of visitors’ behaviour they seek to influence. This study concentrated on the effects of ground vegetation on perceived obstruction to recreationists. The aim was to define marginal values for the structure of natural barriers. Ratings by participants (n= 131) on a five-point scale, measured perceived obstruction. These ratings were linked to vertical cover of the vegetation. Analyses indicated a significant exponential relationship between vertical cover and perceived obstruction. A marginal vegetation height of about 54 cm could be identified as having obstructive features. Also the condition of the soil and the presence of irritating species seemed to influence visitors’ judgement. It was concluded that a more intensive use of natural barriers to control recreational use, is a functional alternative with economical and aesthetical advantages. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 338 |
Serial |
2377 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Shapochkin, M.S.; Kiseleva, V.V.; Syriamkina, O.V.; Nikitin, V.F., |
| Title |
Mapping the Intensity of Recreation Impact in the NP Losiny Ostrov, Moscow |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
45-50 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
General recreational situation in the NP Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) is analysed. The technique of field observations and computer mapping of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes is described. Corresponding maps are represented and correlated with the location of residential regions, entrances, and basic visitor flows. Five areas of intensive effect of stationary recreation were revealed at the studied territory of ca. 600 ha. In most cases, extreme recreation is thought to be the main reason of forest decline and decrease in recreational carrying capacity. Top-priority areas of landscape improvement were revealed. Maps reflecting the spatial distribution of recreation intensity and status of forest landscapes are regarded as an appropriate instrument of territorial planning. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 385 |
Serial |
2400 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Takahashi, M., |
| Title |
Actual condition and problem of visitor use in Jozankei National Forest, Japan |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
65-68 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Jozankei National Forest, a part of the Shikotsu Toya National Park, is located in a mountainous area about 30 km south of central Sapporo. The forest is managed by selective cutting based on highdensity forest road network. Because of the roads, visitor access is easier than it is in other surrounding forests. From spring to autumn in 2003, visitor flows were monitored at two entrances of the forest road network using Trail Traffic Counter. There was a remarkable visitor concentration in spring and the behaviour of visitor varied at each season. It was considered that the reason for the difference could be the different purposes of visits to the park as well as the characteristics of the forests visited. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 294 |
Serial |
2355 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Tolvanen, A.; Rämet, J.; Siikamäki, P.; Törn, A.; Orell, M., |
| Title |
Research on ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism in northern Finland |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
264-270 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
We present preliminary results obtained from a project concentrating on sustainable nature tourism in Northern Finland. Our aims have been to provide information on the ecological and social sustainability of nature tourism by investigating the tolerance of vegetation to recreation and by surveying the attitudes of local people towards nature conservation and nature tourism. According to our results, even low levels of recreational activities have obvious effects on vegetation cover and species diversity. Attitudes towards nature conservation are positive as long as the opportunities of local people to continue the use of natural resources are not restricted, while opinions towards nature tourism are in general positive in the survey areas. To keep nature tourism at both ecologically and socially sustainable level, close cooperation between stakeholders, such as administrators, planners, researchers, and local people is required. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 352 |
Serial |
2384 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Vilas Bôas, R.; Davide, A.C.; Andrade, C.M.R., |
| Title |
Visitors of Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, Lavras (Mg), Brazil: A Management Planning Based on Profile, Perceptions, Needs and Motivations |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
213-220 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
The research was carried out in the Parque Florestal Quedas do Rio Bonito, located in Lavras city (Minas Gerais – Brazil) and participatory research methods were used in an integrated and iterative way. Results of the specific visitors study has shown that most of people visit the area with a special interest on leisure opportunities. Enjoyment of natural environment, peace and quiet are also important motivations. In a variety of activities, the visitors appreciate relaxing and enjoying the nature, swimming in the waterfall and walking on the trails. Most of visitors exhibited a high level of interest in conservation. In conclusion, this study represents one of the first efforts for providing the local foundation for a comprehensive framework for outdoor recreation management from the perspective of visitors. More generally, the visitor approach taken in this study contributes to a greater understanding of the visitor experience for tourism management in the natural environments. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 376 |
Serial |
2396 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Yuan, M.; McIntyre, N.; Payne, R.J.; Moore, J., |
| Title |
Development of a Spatial Values-Based Recreation Planning Framework for Canadian Crown Lands |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
93-99 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
Managers of Canadian Crown lands are beginning to recognize that all values the public associates with forests should be given due consideration in management actions. Arguably, recreation and tourism are the least understood values of the resource and typically receive only secondary consideration in management decisions on an ad-hoc basis. This situation partly results from the lack of a systematic framework for recreation management in Crown lands outside of protected areas at either the provincial or the national level. This presentation discusses the development of a spatial recreation planning framework that uses recreation values to assess the effects of various forestry activities. The framework expands upon traditional planning approaches that are primarily supply driven to directly address core user values rather than traditional user preferences. A spatial GIS model was developed that incorporates interactive data layers of the study area including high resolution orthophoto mosaic, forest resource inventory, recreation facilities locations, ROS type classification, activity participation, spatial trip patterns, and recreation values. These data layers are overlaid on the forest management plan that details the harvesting and silvicultural treatments that are planned for the next 20 years. Operation of the interactive model is based on maintaining recreation portfolios, recreation class consistency, and sets of contextualized recreation values. A process is discussed as to how this new framework will provide managers with a tool to evaluate recreation related impacts a priori to resource management actions, and allow the public to ask “what if” scenarios in an interactive mode. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 362 |
Serial |
2389 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Zarnoch, S.J.; English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M., |
| Title |
A Model for Evaluating Dispersed Outdoor Recreation Use Estimation |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
100-105 |
| Keywords |
MMV2 |
| Abstract |
An outdoor recreation use simulator (ORUS) has been developed to simulate dispersed recreation survey data similar to that collected by the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) Project’s survey of the national forests of the U.S.A. Statistical distributions are used to represent the various behaviors of recreationists during their visit to a dispersed area. The beta distribution is used to model arriving times and last exiting times. The number of intermediate exits from a site is determined by the Poisson distribution while their times are selected randomly according to the uniform distribution. Finally, three trap shy behaviors are assigned to the recreationists to quantify their probability of capture by the interviewer. The arriving and last exiting beta distributions are fitted to the NVUM data. The functioning of the simulator is demonstrated with a simple example with explanations of each recreationist’s actions with respect to the sampling methodology. The utility of ORUS in evaluating the bias and coefficient of variability of various estimating scenarios is also presented. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 364 |
Serial |
2390 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
English, D.B.K.; Zarnoch, S.J.; Kocis, S.M., |
| Title |
Designing a Sampling System for Concurrently Measuring Outdoor Recreation Visitation and Describing Visitor Characteristics |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
28-33 |
| Keywords |
MMV2, National Visitor Use Monitoring, onsite sampling, sampling plan, use estimation, visitor characteristics, sample allocation |
| Abstract |
Two primary information needs for managing recreation areas and the visitors to those areas are: (1) good estimates of visitation volume, and (2) accurate descriptions of visitor characteristics, such as length of stay, frequency of visit, and primary activity. For National Forests in the United States of America with large undeveloped areas, efficient sampling for the two types of information may be to a large extent incompatible. Sampling plans that address visitation volume issues allocate most of the sample days to the largest and most internally variable strata. Sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics allocate sampling effort to locations that most efficiently provide visitor information, such as at developed sites. Additionally, sampling plans for studies of visitor characteristics may need to ensure spatial or temporal dispersion of the sample, in order to ensure adequate representation of different visitor sub-groups. A method is demonstrated for allocating days into sampling strata which balances the contribution of sample days in improving the accuracy of the total visitation estimate with the contribution of the sample day to maximizing the quantity and dispersion of visitor information. The resulting sampling allocation provides an optimal solution to address both of the information needs through a single data collection effort. A second phase of the method addresses how to ensure spatial and temporal dispersion of sampling effort. Examples of applications on National Forests in the United States are provided. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 378 |
Serial |
2397 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
English, D.B.K.; Kocis, S.M.; Zarnoch, S.J., |
| Title |
Characteristics and Use Patterns of Visitors to Dispersed Areas of Urban National Forests |
Type |
|
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Policies, Methods and Tools for Visitor Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 2 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
179-184 |
| Keywords |
MMV2, Urban forests, use patterns, visitor perceptions, crowding, visitor characteristics, demographics, wilderness |
| Abstract |
Public recreation areas near large urban centers are experiencing increasing pressure from visitation, especially in undeveloped and wildland areas that are close to expanding population centers. Understanding the use patterns, characteristics, and perceptions of recreation visitors is critical to managing these areas for maximum sustainable benefits. Of the over 120 National Forests in the United States, eighteen have been officially designated as ‘Urban’, because of their proximity to large metropolitan areas. Sixteen of these forests have designated Wilderness areas within them. This paper examines the recreation visitors to the undeveloped portions of those National Forests. Key market segments of visitors are identified with respect to demographics, residence, annual use frequency, and visit duration. In addition, visitor perceptions of crowding and safety and their relationship with visitation levels are examined. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 366 |
Serial |
2391 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Siegrist, D.; Clivaz, C.; Hunziker, M.; Iten, S., |
| Title |
Introduction |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
13-14 |
| Keywords |
MMV3 |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 574 |
Serial |
2411 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Moore, J.; McIntyre, N.; Robson, M.; Lemelin, R.H.; Hunt, L.M., |
| Title |
3D Computer Visualizations to Incorporate Recreational Use and Values into Forest Management Planning for Ontario Crown Lands |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
467-468 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, 3D visualization, public participation, recreation management, forest management planning, computer simulation, Geographic Information Systems, landscape images |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 851 |
Serial |
2548 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Jochem, R.; Pouwels, R.; Visschedijk, P.A.M., |
| Title |
MASOOR: The Power to Know – A Story About the Development of an Intelligent and Flexible Monitoring Instrument |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
347-350 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Agent based modelling, MASOOR, recreation, visitor, nature management |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 758 |
Serial |
2502 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Amzil, L.; Berriane, M., |
| Title |
Tourism in Biosphere Reserves: Genesis of a Territorial Issue Case of Ida-ou-tanane, in the High Atlas Mountain (South-West of Morocco) |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
438-439 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Biosphere Reserve Arganeraie, genesis, tourism attitudes, monitoring, High Atlas Mountain, Morocco |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 827 |
Serial |
2536 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Ito, T.; Ryugo, M., |
| Title |
The Influence of Motorized Access on Hiker’s Route Selection at Mt. Tsukuba |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
60-61 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Car-dependency, circulation, Mt. Tsukuba, route selection, trailhead, walking experience |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 596 |
Serial |
2422 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Reimann, M.; Lamp, M.-L., |
| Title |
How Involvement and Economical Benefits can Change Local Residents’ Attitudes of Nature Conservation and Tourism: Karula National Park, Estonia |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
397-398 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Community-based tourism, public involvement, national park development, attitudes, perceptions, impacts |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 798 |
Serial |
2522 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Kiser, B.C.; Lawson, S.R.; Itami, R.M., |
| Title |
Using Computer Simulation Modeling to Monitor the Multiple Dimensions of Wilderness Solitude in Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
309-310 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Computer simulation, monitoring, wilderness, wilderness solitude, Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 736 |
Serial |
2491 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Drexler, D.; Bihunová, M.; Mariotti, B., |
| Title |
Comparison of Forest Recreation and Nature Tourism in Hungary, Italy and Slovakia Based on the First Outputs of the COST E33 Action |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
219-222 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, COST E33, forest recreation, nature tourism, regional comparison |
| Abstract |
Tourism Carrying Capacity determines as to what extent the influx of tourists may be allowed to manage the sustainable eco-tourism in a protected area. The concept of tourism carrying capacity is easy to perceive in theory, but in actual practice it is very difficult to quantify. Tourism carrying capacity is rarely estimated. Van Vihar is a unique combination of safari and zoological park. Its legal status is national park. White tiger and albino Sloth Bear are the main attraction to the tourists. In the winter season migratory water birds take refuge. It is situated at the bank of Upper Lake of Bhoj Wetland, The Ramsar Site; Wetlands of International Importance, in the Central Indian. More than 35 thousand tourists visit Van Vihar annually. The three levels of tourism carrying capacities i.e. physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity were estimated and compared. Implications on management of eco-tourism were discussed. |
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 679 |
Serial |
2463 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Strehler Perrin, C.; Gmür, P.; Achermann, M.; Alfter, P., |
| Title |
Quantitative and Qualitative Monitoring of Public Attendance in Natural Preserves on the Southern Shore of Lake Neuchâtel (CH): A Necessary Tool to Manage Public Information and Prevent Infractions |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
483-484 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Eco-meter, tourism, attendance, natural preserve, bicycle paths, infractions, information, public |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 865 |
Serial |
2555 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Huhtala, M.T., |
| Title |
Assessment of Local Economic Impacts of Recreation: The Case of Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park |
Type |
|
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Exploring the Nature of Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MMV 3 - Proceedings |
Issue |
|
Pages |
393-394 |
| Keywords |
MMV3, Economic impacts, recreation, visitor expenditure, input-output analysis |
| Abstract |
|
| Call Number |
ILEN @ m.sokopp @ 794 |
Serial |
2520 |
| Permanent link to this record |
