| Records |
| Author |
Dahlberg, A.; Borgstrom, S., |
| Title |
A just access to urban green commons? The case of people using wheelchairs in Stockholm |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
320-321 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
Abstract  |
Urban green space and urban green infrastructure as contributors to city qualities have received growing scholarly and practical attention. Of the many forms of urban green space, we focus on urban green commons (UGC), arguing that issues of environmental justice are highlighted and strengthened in the perspective of commons. The UGC concept has been used with slightly different meanings, where e.g. Németh (2012) defines urban commons (not only green spaces) as being collectively owned, held in joint use, and to which everyone has access. Coldings and Barthels (2013:157) definition of UGC includes urban green space of varied ownership and which “depend on collective organization and management”, as e.g. community gardens and allotment gardens, which are not open to all. In this study, we define UGC as green spaces that legally are accessible to anyone, which in a Swedish context is where the Right of Public Access applies (SEPA 2020). However, just because you have the legal right of access does not mean that you have realized access.We focus on access in a broad sense explored from an environmental justice perspective. The degree of access is often defined quantitatively such as proximity to green spaces, or by how many from a certain social group use these spaces (Kabisch & Haase 2014). However, access is a complex concept, and inspired by Rigolon (2016) we include mental (e.g. fear), social (e.g. company), physical (e.g. roots, ice), and structural (e.g. transport, information) aspects of access. There are different ways of theorizing and analyzing environmental justice (e.g. Anguelovski 2020), and in this study, we follow Svarstad and Benjaminsen (2020), who defines environmental justice as distributive, recognition, procedural, and capabilities, and Rutt and Gulsrud (2016) who apply this lens on access to UGC. We find that within these categories all aspects of environmental justice can be explored.UGC are intended to be accessible for all people – but is that really the case? Loftus (2020) raises the question about what really is included in the expression “all the people” that often is used in policy and planning declarations, also concerning urban green spaces. But are they in practice UGC from an environmental justice perspective? The use of UGC is increasingly studied, but people with impaired mobility, e.g. using a wheelchair, is one example of a group whose access to urban green spaces has been largely neglected. Most studies about this group include all disabilities (Burns 2013) or are not focused solely on the urban context (Burns 2013, Stigsdotter 2018). However, Corazon et al. (2019) present a qualitative study with people with mobility impairment in cities. |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
4342 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Liberg, M. S.; Bjornstad, K., |
| Title |
Integrated visitor management.The Norwegian regional parks as integration actors |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
394-395 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Visitor management in Norway has primarily been focused inside protected areas. However, there is an urgent challenge to work in more integrated ways to create more connections with surrounding communities. After the Norwegian Environment Agency published its guide for visitor management in protected areas (2015), several of the Norwegian national parks have increased its focus on visitor management. Although many national parks have such plans, there is still a challenge in how the national parks respond to the needs and challenges of local communities outside its borders. In a recent study from 2021, Aasen Lundberg et al. pointed out that the national parks in Norway are weak at creating connections with communities outside the borders of the protected areas. Based on this, we would argue that there is a clear need in Norway for more integrated approaches for visitor management and park planning. New dynamic and more integrated park models have emerged in continental Europe during the last few decades (Mose et al. 2007). However, Norway has been slow in adopting these models. Europes Regional Nature Landscape Parks (NRL) (Europarc Federation 2020) exemplify the “integration approach” through more participatory park models present in 22 countries. The integrated park policies and the regional nature parks of Switzerland is a good example of a new park model promoting integrated and bottom-up approaches. They are legitimized through national laws and planning instruments, and perform well in facilitating sectoral interests by combining both vertical and horizontal integrations (Hammer and Siegrist 2016)Inspired by the French and Swiss regional nature parks, the Norwegian regional parks have developed from the bottom-up.In contrast to Switzerland, the Norwegian regional parksare not yet anchored in national legislation. However, they do act as effective platforms for different local and regional actors in integrated ways (Stokke et al. 2016). The regional parks work across sectors and at different levels. They work in the “in between areas” where sectoral authorities do not often reach. They establish broad partnerships with local authorities, community associations and commercial firms. In this study, we have focused on the experiences of two Norwegian regional parks that have worked with visitor management in recent year. They are one of the first non-protected areas working with visitor management in Norway. It is the Nærøyfjord World Heritage Park and the Okstindan nature and culture park. As regional parks they are not formally recognized as protected areas. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4374 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Olafsson, A.S.; Purves, R.S.; Garcia-Martin, M.; Wartmen, F.; Fagerholm, N.; Torralba, M.; Albert, C.; Verbrugge, L.; Heikinheimo, V.; Kaaronen, R.; Hartmann, M.; Plieninger, T.; Raymond, C., |
| Title |
Comparing landscape value patterns between participatory mapping and social media content across Europe. |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
292-293 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fuele…Visitor monitoring and mapping techniques are rapidly evolving fueled by open georeferenced data and social media opportunities. Knowledge on how visitors use and value landscapes is increasingly elucidated by social media data or user-generated data passively contributed by online communities. Examples of this is the use of data from social media such as Flickr, where users share and store geocoded images in an online platform. Here images, locations and associated tags is opportunistic crowdsourced by researchers and planners to conceptually and spatially elicit landscape values such as cultural ecosystem services and relational values.At the same time, integrated landscape planning and management has increasingly focus on planning ideals of deliberative processes, co-creation and inclusion of diverse values. Examples of this is participatory mapping techniques aimed to support the inclusion of diverse values held by residents and visitors into integrated landscape management. By the use of online public participation GIS (PPGIS), participants are actively recruited to purposely map socio-cultural values about specific landscapes.The values data collated using active participatory mapping techniques and passive user generated data is rarely compared.In this study, we bring PPGIS and Flickr together in an exploration and discussion of the similarities and differences. In contrast to previous comparative studies focused on single study site, we expand the analyses from a single site to cross-site analyses of 19 landscapes across Europe (in 11 countries). We argue that in order for planners to harness the qualities of both – we need to place a spotlight on strengths and shortcomings of each method and core opportunities for complementary use. We do this by a direct comparison of the spatial distribution, intensity and type of landscape values elicited using PPGIS and Flickr data.Moreover, we relate similarities or differences to specific landscape characteristics and types of landscape values. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4330 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Mayer, M.; Staab, J.; Udas, E.; Taubenbock, H., |
| Title |
Triggered trail camera images and machine learning based computer vision as alternative to established visitor monitoring approaches? |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
296-297 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Visitor monitoring is crucial for many management and valuation tasks in protected areas and other recreational landscapes. Its core data are visitor numbers which are costly to estimate in absence of entry fees. Camera-based approaches have the potential to be both, accurate and deliver comprehensive data about visitor numbers, types and activities. So far, camera-based visitor monitoring is, however, costly due to time consuming manual image evaluation (Miller et al. 2017). To overcome this limitation, we deployed a convolutional neural network (CNN) and compared its hourly counts against existing visitor counting methods such as manual in-situ counting, a pressure sensor, and manual camera image evaluations. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4332 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Hutton, E.; Nikula, A.; Tuulentie,S., |
| Title |
Comparing participatory GIS and social media data with more traditional visitor monitoring methods |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
264-264 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Visitor numbers, new user groups and new activities in recreation areas are increasing and thus creating a need for new visitor monitoring tools. These methods should ideally provide continuously updating, located data of user groups and activities. Our aim was to explore the usability of public social media data, web-shared GIS and online PPGIS surveys for visitor monitoring in remote and less visited protected recreational areas. The study was made as a part of Interreg Nord funded Halti project in a border region of two Nordic countries consisting of popular recreational sites of Käsivarsi Wilderness Area, Malla Strict Nature reserve and Kilpisjärvi village in Finland and Reisa National Park and Kåfjorddalen in Norway. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4317 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Wood, S.; Lee, H.; Lia, E.; Miller, L.; Seo, B.; White, E.; Winder, S., |
| Title |
Landscape-scale insights into recreational activities derived from social media content |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
246-246 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Volunteered geographic information, such as social media and online trip reports, are a promising source of data on the amount and character of recreational use in parks and protected areas. The volume of data is often correlated with on-site measures of park visitation, and the content contains rich descriptions of visitors experiences. This study presents a novel and generalizable model of public land visitation based on posts to three online social media platforms and two trip reporting platforms from National Forests in Washington, USA. Then, we introduce and apply a convolutional neural network model for accurately classifying these visitors activities, based on the content of the social media. We find that social media can substantially improve estimates of visitation to public lands. Furthermore, there is also a strong correlation between the number of survey respondents reporting their participation in 14 common recreational activities and the number of social media posts classified as pertaining to the same activity. The models perform nearly as well in novel locations as in the primary location, suggesting that the approaches are broadly applicable, though performance varies by activity. By comparing our maps of recreational participation to the underlying landscape, we find that natural features (such as rivers, lakes, and higher elevations) and some built infrastructure (campgrounds, trails, roads) support a greater diversity of activities, while visitors are less sensitive to features such as picnic areas and wilderness designation. Even while respecting the limitations of the volunteered data and models, these results provide actionable information to land managers by illuminating how recreation varies spatially and according to the recreational activities that are provided. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4310 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Goossen, M.; Dekker, L., |
| Title |
Recreational use in a natura2000 area and stakeholders ideas about management and maintenance: Citizens involvement, understanding the underlying views and the importance of communication. |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
208-209 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
We conducted a recreation study in the Jufferswaard, a 31 ha floodplain in the municipality of Renkum with 30.000 inhabitants in the Netherlands. In this Natura 2000 area with recreation we counted the use, conducted a stakeholder analysis, qualitative interviews and an users survey. In contrast to the amount of nature data, there was no recreation data for this area. The Pilogroep, a group of active citizens in the municipality, asked us for this data.In the period 2018-2019 we counted the amount of recreational visits for one year with passive infra-red (PIR) sensors at the four entrances. We used LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technique: a telecommunications network that allows data to be sent to and from wireless sensors over a long distance gateway. On eight days, we counted the amount of visitors manually to check the PIR-data. The accuracy of the PIR-sensors was 75%. There are 55,000 visits a year, mainly from residents of the neighbouring villages of Renkum and Heelsum. On average there are 150 visits per day, mainly between 12.00 and 14.00. Sundays are by far the busiest days. The stakeholder analysis looked at what wishes were involved about management and maintenance and how much influence the various stakeholders have. According to the Pilogroep, the accessibility of the walking paths could be improved in the area. They also have wishes for the preservation of cultural history in the area. These wishes are not directly shared by the owner of the Jufferswaard: Federal Forest Service Staatsbosbeheer. They maintain the area soberly. The wishes for the area were explained on the basis of nature images consisting of different management. The Pilogroep has a more functional nature image and Staatsbosbeheer a more wilderness nature image, although the Natura 2000 status does not necessarily require a wilderness nature image. The influence of the Pilogroep is limited in contrast to Staatsbosbeheer as an owner. But citizens involvement is important to Staatsbosbeheer. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4294 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Gunter de Queiroz, L.; Lindenkamp, T.C.M., |
| Title |
Impacts of lockdown on the management of Brazilian National Parks |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
108-109 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
What did the current pandemic represent for park managers in Brazil? This pandemic certainly created negative consequences for costumers (visitors). But does this mean as well for conservation? Based on interviews sent to the 74 managers, we present an overview of the impact of Covid-19 at management of Brazilian National Parks. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4248 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Dagan, D. T.; Fefer, J. P.; Zajchowski, C.; Brownlee, M. T. J., |
| Title |
Publicly reported trail experiences: A mixed-methods dive into the internet corpus |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
70-70 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
While many visitor monitoring efforts measure discrete and quantifiable attributes, such as spatial distribution of visitors or economic values, many aim to capture more subjective qualities. Monitoring visitor experience is one such undertaking. Visitor experience extends beyond objective qualities about the recreation environment, and studying it requires understanding nuances about visitors perspectives that can be difficult to generalize. These perspectives can be studied qualitatively to capture in-depth and nuanced data, or quantitatively in order to generate ore comparable or generalizable results. Both of these approaches are strong and useful, and in this study we aimed to capture the strengths of both these approaches in a novel mixed-methods methodology using publicly available web data. Using trip report data from a popular trail website, we were able to describe visitor experiences in a way that is both large in scale and reflective of subjective experiences. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4230 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Loseth, K., |
| Title |
Niches in tourism- how do the entrepreneurs learn and interact? |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
146-147 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
While the tourism industry pre-pandemic was steadily growing worldwide, it has often been portrayed as a sector with challenges tied to knowledge development and innovation. This has been explained by the industry being dominated by small and medium sized businesses, high levels of labor turnover, challenges tied to seasonality, rapid changes of ownership and lack of dedicated career ladders (Hjalager, 2002). The nature of the tourism experience makes cooperation necessary in the industry, but the small scale of the businesses means limited resources for network cooperation. The fragmentation of the industry may also halt cooperation, as it consists of entities of different scales from different areas, that hinders communication and knowledge transfer (Czernek, 2017). Instead of trying to cover the whole of a fragmented industry, this research will examine knowledge development in businesses that offers similar products. Aldrich and Fiol (1994) use the concept of organizational populations to describe groups of organizations with similar products and/ or processes. Research on knowledge transfer in tourism indicate that businesses with similar product products has the potential for more specific learning, and more direct imitation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010:610), and that product similarity is positively related to exploitative knowledge transfers resulting in innovation (Weidenfeld et al, 2010; Sørensen, 2007). |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4265 |
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| Author |
Nygaard, V.J., |
| Title |
Staging the wild: Photographers behaviour and attitudes towards the use of bait, hides and landscape modifications in large carnivore photography |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
124-125 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Wildlife photography is a growing phenomenon in Scandinavia. As most forms of wildlife tourism, wildlife photography may have positive and negative effects, on both local communities and wildlife itself. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate tourists ethics in relation to wildlife photography.My work explores photographers perceptions on the phenomena “wildlife/wild animals” and “wilderness”. These perceptions are also linked to the photographers values. Furthermore, I investigate how they reflect upon facilitating or manipulating both the wildlife itself and the wilderness that serves as a backdrop, in wildlife photography. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4255 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Warmouth, J.; Skibins, J.; Schuler, G., |
| Title |
Cold as Ice? Arctic tourists epiphanies and connection to wildlife |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
128-129 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Wildlife tourism is expected to produce conservation benefits for species observed during a trip. This is due, in part, to the unique wildlife encounters that occur during such trips. It is hypothesized that the more unique and rare animal encounters in the wild are, the more likely tourists will be to realize heightened emotional states. Previous studies have explored tourists emotional connection to wildlife (i.e., conservation caring) and environmental epiphanies as two constructs to evaluate the effect of wildlife tourism experiences. Furthermore, these constructs are shown to have a direct positive influence on conservation behaviors. This study investigated tourists conservation caring and environmental epiphany levels during a 10-day wildlife viewing cruise through the Svalbard Islands (Norway).The purpose of this study is to explore 1) if arctic tourism is capable of stimulating an environmental epiphany; 2) the emotional connections (i.e., conservation caring) arctic tourists form with wildlife, and 3) the relationship between environmental epiphanies and conservation caring. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4257 |
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| Author |
Mangachena, J.; Pickering, C., |
| Title |
Why are some species more popular with wildlife tourists: Insights from South Africa. |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
134-135 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Wildlife tourism is popular in many countries and often takes place in protected areas including in developing countries (Higginbottom and Tribe, 2004). Income generated from this type of tourism can contribute to the economy and provide employment in rural areas, including in South Africa (Naidoo et al. 2011). Considering its potential benefits, it is important for those providing wildlife tourism opportunities to know which species are attractive to tourists and why. A common way to obtain this information is by surveying visitors in parks, and this has been done in a range of parks in South Africa, but how do the studies compare, and what species were most popular overall and why? To assess tourists preferences for wildlife tourism in South Africa, we examined data from multiple published surveys in several parks and private game reserves to: 1) examine consistency in species popularity among locations and visitors, and 2) identify species traits that may account for differences in popularity. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4260 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mykletun, R.J., |
| Title |
Cold water wave surfing and tourism destination developments in Norway |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
184-184 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
With a length of 103,000 km, The Norwegian coastline is the second longest worldwide and offers many places with good wave surfing conditions. At the outset, wave surfing was a warm water leisure activity, but modern wetsuits provide thermal protection for surfers that make cold water surfing possible. Since its onset in 1963, surfing in Norway has grown as leisure, sport, and tourism activities. To date, only two papers have focused surfing in Norway.Langseth focused on the construction of surfer identities in Norway, while Elmahdy, Orams, & Mykletun (2021) studied Norwegian surfers experiences and travel behaviour. No official registration of surfing sites exists, and studies have addressed the localisation and development of surfing destinations and possible consequential environmental issues on the Norwegian coastline, which is the focus of this paper. How and where has surfing developed in Norway, and does it threaten conservation and protection goals? |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4283 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Sivertsvik, R.M., |
| Title |
Small nature-based tourism firms and their ability to cope with major external changes exemplified through Covid-19 |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
110-111 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
Within tourism, resilience is often understood as relating to a firms or destinations ability to be robust in the face of change and the strategies they follow when the framework conditions shift (e.g., Cheer and Lew 2018; Hall, Prayag and Amore 2018; Prayag 2018). As Prayag (2018:133) notes, adapting from Holling (1973), «ideas of resilience are related not only to change but also to stability and response». The Covid-19 pandemic presents one such challenge that has significantly tested the resilience of the tourism sector and places where tourism is important. It has also exacerbated tourism trends established prior to the outbreak, notably a shift away from mass tourism linked to major commercial sites, towards smaller scale, more authentic and unique tourist experiences. In this paper we discuss, based on interviews with small firms in the nature-based tourism (NBT) sector before the pandemic hit, to what extent such firms might have special advantages in responding to major external challenges like Covid-19. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4249 |
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| Author |
Folmer, A.; Schuurmans, S.; Wielenga, B., |
| Title |
Critical indicators for measuring the support for bird protection among visitors in the Dutch Wadden Sea area |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The 10th MMV Conference: Managing outdoor recreation experiences in the Anthropocene – Resources, markets, innovations |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
MINA fagrapport |
Issue |
|
Pages |
210-211 |
| Keywords |
MMV10 |
| Abstract |
“Onbekend maakt onbemind” [Unfamiliar makes unloved], is a typical Dutch saying that refers to unfamiliarity with a place, with food or some-thing else, leading to a lack of emotional connec-tion, support and/or care. With this in mind, nine nature organisations in the Netherlands want to increase awareness on the special nature values of World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea area among a broad public, with the overall aim to enlarge support for nature and bird protection. Their campaign is part of a larger multi-faceted project called “Wij & Wadvogels” [“We and Wadden birds”], which is running from 2019 to 2026. The project is unique as it does not only focus on physical measurements to improve the natural habitat of birds (restoration and expan-sion of resting, foraging and breeding places for birds); it also includes the social valuation of na-ture, with the focus on birds. The project aims to offer new sustainable forms of bird recreation which should result in increasing support for na-ture and birds (Vogelbescherming, 2018). This aim underlines the importance of gaining more insight into which aspects contribute to a higher support for nature and bird protection most. In this paper, we investigate indicators which predict support for bird protection among visitors to the Wadden Sea area. These indicators will be part of a monitoring system which moni-tors the effectiveness of activities of the project from 2021 to 2026. Due to the corona crisis, the actual monitoring could not start yet, as the type of visitors was expected to differ significantly from a normal year. Especially the relatively high number of first time visitors was notable. On the other hand, this gave us more opportunities to investigate differences between visitors. |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4295 |
| Permanent link to this record |
